Lesson 8 Capacitance,Inductance Transducers and Some Others

AA/D abbr. Analog-to-Digital 模数转换16, 17AC abbr. alternating current 交流电5AC analysis 交流分析5 accumulator [ə'kjuːmjʊleɪtə] n.累加器17 accuracy [ˈækjʊrəsi] n.精度6 acquisition time 采集时间16 activate [ˈæktɪveɪt] vt. 激活3active [ˈæktɪv] adj.有源的4, 18 actuator [ˈæktjʊeɪtə] n.激励器4ADC abbr. analog-to-digital converter 模数转换器6, 18 addition [əˈdɪʃən] n. 加法3 address generator 地址产生器17 address latch 地址锁存器3 address pointer 地址指针2 addressing mode 寻址模式26 ADSL abbr. Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop 非对称数字用户线21AFG abbr. Arbitrary Function Generator 任意函数发生器28 algorithm ['ælgərɪðəm] n. 算法27 aliasing ['eɪlɪəsiŋ] n.混叠16ALU abbr. Arithmetic Logic Unit 算术逻辑单元3 amplifier [ˈæmplɪˌfaɪə] n. 放大器4 analog interfacing模拟接口（技术）6 angular [ˈæŋɡjələ] adj.角度的5 angular frequency 角频率5 annotation [ænə'teɪʃən] n.标注15 antenna [ænˈtenə] n.天线10anti-aliasing filter 抗混叠滤波器6, 16 array [ə'reɪ] n.数组26ASIC abbr. Application-Specific Integrated Circuit 专用集成电路13, 14, 15, 16, 25专用集成电路assembler [əˈsemblə] n. 汇编器3 assembly language 汇编语言3 ASSP abbr. Application-Specific Standard Part 专用标准部件14, 25 asynchronous [ə'sɪŋkrənəs] adj.异步的13 attenuator [ə'tenjʊeɪtə] n. 衰减器29 audio [ˈɔːdiəʊ] adj.音频的6 automatic variable 自动变量26AWG abbr. Arbitrary Waveform Generator 任意波形发生器28axis [ˈæksɪs] n. 坐标轴5Bbackplane [ˈbækˌpleɪn] n. 背板；底板9 backward compatible 向下兼容21 bandwidth ['bændˌwɪdθ] n.带宽6第 1 页共15 页bar graph 柱图22base band 基带6base station 基站10, 21battery [ˈbætəri] n. 电池7, 12baud [bɔːd] n.波特21Bessel filter 贝塞耳滤波器19biased [ˈbaɪəst] adj.加偏压的7bill of materials 材料单25binary number 二进制数3BIOS [ˈbaɪɒs] abbr. Basic Input Output System 基本输入输出系统3bipolar [baɪˈpəʊlə] adj.双极性的2bit pattern 位模式3bit vector 位向量26block diagram 方框图6block diagram 框图19BNC abbr. bayonet Neill–Concelman BNC连接器9Bode plot 伯德图5bond [bɒnd] n.接头9boot sector 引导扇区3branch instruction 分支指令26缓存器；；缓存区3, 10 buffer [ˈbʌfə] n. 缓存器bunching ['bʌntʃiŋ] n.聚束19bus interface 总线接口16Ccable ['keɪbl] n.电缆12cache [kæʃ] n.高速缓存2CAD abbr. Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计13, 18calculation-intensive algorithm 运算密集型算法17CAM [kæm] abbr. Content Addressable Memory 内容寻址存储器2capacitance [kəˈpæsɪtəns] n. 电容（值）5capacitive [kəˈpæsɪtɪv] adj. 容性的9capacitor [kəˈpæsɪtə] n.电容器2, 5capacity [kə'pæsɪtɪ ] n.容量10capture ['kæptʃə] vt. 输入，记录13carrier wave 载波24carry bit 进位位3cascade [kæsˈkeɪd] n.级联5cathode ['kæθəʊd] n. 阴极29CB abbr. Citizen's Band 民用波段10CCD abbr. Charge Coupled Device 电荷耦合器件18, 23CD abbr. Compact Disc 光盘12, 13cellular [ˈseljʊlə] n.使用蜂窝技术的6channel [ˈtʃænəl] n.信道6第 2 页共15 页characteristic frequency 特征频率5 charge pump 电荷泵8 Chebyshev Type 1 filter 契比雪夫I型滤波器18 chip [tʃɪp] n. 芯片1 chip rate 码片速率21 chrominance [ˈkrəʊmɪnəns] n.色度24 circuit [ˈsɜːkɪt] n. 电路1 circuit board 电路板1 circuitry [ˈsɜːkɪtri] n. 电路2, 4, 6 circular [ˈsɜːkjʊlə] adj. 圆形的5 circular buffer 循环缓冲区17 class [klɑːs] n.类26 clock cycle 时钟周期3 clock generator 时钟发生器8 clock rate 时钟速率9 CMOS abbr. complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor 互补金属氧化物半导体2, 9, 12, 23 coding theory 编码理论11 comparator [kəmˈpærətə] n.比较器2, 6 compatibility [kəmˌpætɪ'bɪlɪtɪ] n. 兼容性16 compiler [kəmˈpaɪlə] n.编译器3, 26 complex plane 复平面5 component [kəmˈpəʊnənt] n. 元器件；组件；部件1 concurrent [kən'kʌrənt] adj.并发的15 concurrent process 并发进程26 conductivity [kɒndʌkˈtɪvɪti] n.导电性7 conjugate [ˈkɒndʒʊɡeɪt] adj.共轭的5 converter [kənˈvɜːtə] n. 整流器7 converter resolution 转换器分辨率6 coordinate [kəʊˈɔːdɪnət] n. 坐标5 cordless phone 无绳电话10 counter [ˈkaʊntə] n. 计数器3 coupling [ˈkʌplɪŋ] n.耦合9 CPU abbr. central processing unit中央处理器1, 12程序））25, 27交叉编译器（（程序cross-compiler 交叉编译器crosstalk [ˈkrɒsˌtɔːk] n.串扰9 crowbar [ˈkrəʊˌbɑː] n. 短路器7 CRT abbr. Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管29 cryptography [krɪp'tɒgrəfɪ] n. 密码学14 crystal [ˈkrɪstəl] n.晶体8, 18 CT abbr. Computed Tomography 计算机层析成像22 current source 电流源4 cutoff [ˈkʌtɒf] n.截止7 cutoff frequency 截止频率18第 3 页共15 页DD/A abbr. Digital-to-Analog 数模转换16, 17 DAC abbr. Digital-to-Analog Converter 数模转换器18 damping [ˈdæmpɪŋ] n.幅度衰减5 data acquisition 数据采集30 data compression 数据压缩18 data converter 数据转换器6 data processing 数据处理14 data rate 数据率19 data sheet 数据手册4, 6 dB abbr. decibel [ˈdesɪˌbel] 分贝5 DC abbr. direct current 直流电5 DCT abbr. Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦变换22 debug [diː'bʌg] vt.调试28 debugger [diː'bʌgə] n. 调试程序27 decimation [desɪ'meɪʃən] n.抽取6 declaration [deklə'reɪʃən] n.声明15 decoder [diːˈkəʊdə] n. 译码器3 delta modulation 增量调制（∆调制）11 denominator [dɪˈnɒmɪˌneɪtə] n.分母5 density [ˈdensəti] n. 密度2 design flow 设计流程13 design specification 设计规格28 desired signal 期望信号28 detector [dɪˈtektə] n.检波器8 deviation [ˌdiːviˈeɪʃən] n. 偏差8 device driver 设备驱动程序27 DG abbr. Data Generator 数据发生器28 dial tone 拨号音10 differentiation [ˌdɪfərenʃiˈeɪʃən] n. 微分4 digital [ˈdɪdʒɪtəl] adj.数字的1 digital cellular phone 数字蜂窝电话6 digital circuit 数字电路2 digital filtering 数字滤波6 digitization [ˌdɪdʒɪtɪ'zeʃən] n. 数字化16 diode [ˈdaɪəʊd] n. 二极管7 discrete [dɪ'skriːt] adj.离散的，分立的1, 13 discrete component 分立元件3 disk drive head 磁盘驱动器磁头18 dissipate [ˈdɪsɪˌpeɪt] vi.耗散7 distortion [dɪ'stɔːʃən] n.畸变28 division [dɪˈvɪʒən] n. 除法3 DMM abbr. digital multimeter 数字多用表28第 4 页共15 页Dolby Stereo 杜比立体声19 don't care 无关项15 downstream ['daʊn'striːm] n.下行比特流11 DRAM abbr. Dynamic Random Access Memory 动态随机存取存储器2 drive [draɪv] n.驱动器2, 12 DSP abbr. Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理14, 18 DSP abbr. Digital Signal Processor 数字信号处理器16, 17 DSSS abbr. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 直序扩频21 duty cycle 占空比7, 8 DVD abbr. Digital Video Disk 数字视盘12 DVI abbr. Digital Video Interactive 交互式数字视频系统12 dynamic range 动态范围16 E合逻辑2, 9 ECL abbr. emitter coupled logic 射极耦射极耦合逻辑EDA abbr. Electronic Design Automation 电子设计自动化13, 15 edge detection 边缘检测22 EEPROM [ˈi:prɒm] abbr. Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM 电可擦除可编程只读存储器2 electrical power 电能7 electricity [ˌilekˈtrɪsəti] n. 电1 electron beam 电子束29 electronics [ˌilekˈtrɒnɪks] n. 电子学, 电子电路1, 7 embedded system 嵌入式系统13 emulation [ˌemjʊ'leɪʃən] n. 仿真16 encoding [ɪn'kəʊdɪŋ] n.编码19 end office 端局10 end product 最终产品16 erasable [ɪˈreɪzəbl] adj.可擦除的2 ethernet[ˈiːθənet] n. 以太网9, 12 even field 偶数场24 execute [ˈeksɪˌkjuːt] vt. 执行3 execution time 执行时间27 exponent [ɪk'spəʊnənt] n.指数17 exponential [ˌekspəˈnenʃəl] adj. 指数的5 expression [ɪk'spreʃən] n. 表达式26 external compensation 外部补偿4 FFCC abbr. Federal Communications Commission 联邦通信委员会10 FDM abbr. Frequency-division multiplexing 频分复用11 feature size 特征尺寸19 feedback [ˈfiːdbæk] n.反馈4 feedback component 反馈元件4 ferroelectric [ˌferəʊɪˈlektrɪk] adj.铁电的2 FFT abbr. Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅里叶变换6, 18第 5 页共15 页field [fiːld] n. 字段26 field operation 现场运行4 filter ['fɪltə] n.滤波器6 filtering [ˈfɪltərɪŋ] n.滤波9, 18 flash memory 闪存23 flip flop 触发器2 floating point processor 浮点处理器3 flux [flʌks] n.通量7 flyback [ˈflaɪbæk] n.回扫7 foundry ['faʊndri] n. 晶圆代工厂16 FPGA abbr. Field Programmable Gate Array 现场可编程门阵列13, 15, 16 frame grabber 帧采集器24 frequency conflict 频率冲突11 frequency masking 频率掩蔽20 frequency response 频率响应9 frequency reuse 频率复用10 frequency synthesizer 频率合成器8full range 满量程28 full scale 满幅度；满量程6full scale range 满量程范围16 functional accelerator 性能加速器16 fundamental frequency 基频29Ggain drift 增益漂移4 GBW abbr. Gain × Bandwidth 增益带宽积4 global data 全局数据26 GPP abbr. General Purpose Processor 通用处理器16 gray scale level 灰度级22 GSM abbr. Global System for Mobile communications 全球移动通信系统6 guided missile 导弹28 gyro ['dʒaɪrəʊ] n.陀螺仪28 handoff [hændɒf] n. 越区切换21 handset ['hænset] n. 手持设备10 Harvard architecture 哈佛结构17 HDL abbr. Hardware Description Language 硬件描述语言13, 15 HDMI abbr. High-Definition Multimedia Interface 高清晰度多媒体接口12 headroom [ˈhedˌruːm] n.净空，活动空间7 heatsink [ˈhiːt ˈsɪŋk] n.散热片7, 12 high impedance 高阻15 high-powered [ˌhaɪ ˈpaʊəd] adj. 大功率的10 histogram ['hɪstəgræm] n.直方图22 histogram equalization 直方图均衡22 Huffman encoding 哈夫曼编码22第 6 页共15 页IIC abbr. integrated circuit 集成电路1, 4 IDE [aɪd] abbr. Integrated Drive Electronics 集成驱动器电路12 IEEE abbr. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 电气与电子工程师学会15 image contrast 图像对比度22 image sensor 图像传感器23 imaginary part 虚部5 impedance [ɪmˈpiːdəns] n. 阻抗5, 15, 30 inbound ['ɪnbaʊnd] adj.输入的10 inductance [ɪnˈdʌktəns] n. 电感（值）5 inductive [ɪnˈdʌktɪv] adj.感性的9 inductor [ɪnˈdʌktə] n. 电感器5, 7 infinity [ɪnˈfɪnəti] n.无穷大5in-phase 同相28 input offset voltage 输入偏置电压4 instruction [ɪnˈstrʌkʃən] n. 指令3 instruction decoder 地址译码器3 instrumentation [ˌɪnstrʊmen'teɪʃən] n.仪器28 insulate [ˈɪnsjuleɪt] vt.绝缘1 integrated development tool 集成开发工具27集成；；积分4, 7 integration [ˌɪntəˈɡreɪʃən] n. 集成integrator [ˈɪntɪgreɪtə] n. 积分器5 interconnect [ˌɪntəkəˈnekt] n. 互连9 interface [ˈɪntəˌfeɪs] n. 接口电路2, 4 interference [ɪntə'fɪərəns] n. 干扰10 interpolation [ɪntɜːpəʊ'leɪʃən] n.插值6 interrupt latency 中断等待时间27 interval [ˈɪntəvəl] n. 间歇2IP abbr. Intellectual Property 知识产权25 IP abbr. Internet Protocol 互联网协议21 IP packet IP分组21 ISO abbr. International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织26 ISP abbr. in-system programmable 在系统可编程14 ISR abbr. Interrupt Service Routine 中断服务程序27Jjack [dʒæk] n.音频插口12 jitter ['dʒɪtə] n.抖动28 jitters [ˈdʒɪtəz] n. 时钟抖动8 JPEG abbr. Joint Photographic Experts Group 联合图象专家组23 JTAG abbr. Joint Test Action Group 联合测试行动组25Kkernel ['kɜːnəl] n.内核程序27 lagging [ˈlæɡɪŋ] adj.滞后的8第7 页共15 页laptop ['læptɒp] n.膝上型轻便电脑12 laser ['leɪzə] abbr. light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 激光19 latency ['leɪtənsɪ] n. 反应时间27 LLCD abbr. Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器23 lead [liːd] n.引线9 leading [ˈliːdɪŋ] adj.超前的8 leakage [ˈli:kɪdʒ] n.泄露2 learning curve 学习曲线15 licensing agreement 专利使用权转让协定17 linear ramp 线性斜坡5 linear regulator 线性稳压器7 linearity [ˌlɪnɪˈærɪtɪ] n. 线性28 lithographic [ˌlɪθəˈɡræfɪk] adj. 平版印刷的2 load [ləʊd] n. 负载7 load current 负载电流7 loading ['ləʊdɪŋ] n.负载30 log [lɒɡ] abbr. logarithm [ˈlɒɡərɪðəm] 对数4 logic [ˈlɒdʒɪk] n. 逻辑1 logic analyzer 逻辑分析仪28 logical channel 逻辑通道21 look-up table 查找表2, 19 loop filter 环路滤波器8 looping scheme 循环机制17 loss [lɒs] n. 损耗7 LP abbr. Long Playing 密纹唱片13 LSI abbr. large-scale integration 大规模集成1 luminance ['luːmɪnəns] n.亮度24 MMAC abbr. Multiplication and Accumulation 乘法累加运算18 machine instruction 机器指令3 magnetic [mæɡˈnetɪk] adj.有磁性的2, 7 magnitude spectrum 幅度谱22 mantissa [mæn'tɪsə ] n.尾数17 m-commerce 移动商务21 memory [ˈmeməri] n.存储器2 memory location 存储器位置3 metallization [ˌmetəlaɪ'zeɪʃən] n.金属化13 microcell [ˈmaɪkrəʊˌsel] n.微蜂窝10 microcontroller [maɪkrəkən'trəʊlə] n.微控器2 micron [ˈmaɪkrɒn] n. 微米；10-6米3 microphone ['maɪkrəfəʊn] n.扩音器18 microprocessor [maɪkrəʊ'prəʊsesə] n. 微处理器1, 3第8 页共15 页miniaturization [ˈmɪnɪətʃəˌraɪˈzeɪʃən] n. 缩微化1 MIPS [mɪps] abbr. Million Instructions Per Second 每秒百万条指令数3, 18 MMX abbr. Multi-Media Extension多媒体增强指令集17 mnemonics [nɪ'mɒnɪks] n. 助记符30 modem ['məʊdem] n.调制解调器12 monotonicity [mɒnətəˈnɪsɪtɪ] n. 单调性28µP abbr. microprocessor 微处理器14 MPEG abbr. Motion Picture Experts Group 运动图象专家组20 MRI abbr. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 核磁共振成像22 MSC abbr. Mobile Switching Center 移动电话交换中心10 MSPS abbr. million samples per second 每秒百万样本数6 MTSO abbr. Mobile Telephone Switching Office 移动电话交换局10 multiframe n.复帧11 multiplexer ['mʌltɪˌpleksə] n.多路复用器28 multiplication [ˌmʌltəplɪˈkeɪʃən] n. 乘法3 multiplier [ˈmʌltɪˌplaɪə] n.乘法器3, 17 Nnetwork operator 网络运营商21 network router 网络路由器2 next state 次态13 noise shaping 噪声整形6 nominal [ˈnɒmɪnəl] adj.标称的8 NRE abbr. nonrecurring engineering 一次性工程14 NTSC abbr. National Television Systems Committee 国家电视系统委员会24 Nyquist theorem 奈奎斯特定理16 Oobject recognition 目标识别22 odd field 奇数场24 one's complement 二进制反码11 op amp abbr. operational amplifier 运算放大器4, 18 opcode [ˈɒpkəʊd] abbr. operation code 操作码3 open loop gain 开环增益4 operand ['ɒpərænd] n.操作数26 operating system 操作系统3 optical [ˈɒptɪkəl] adj.光学的2 order of magnitude 数量级10 OS abbr. Operating System 操作系统12 oscillation [ˌɒsɪˈleɪʃən] n. 振荡4 oscillator [ˈɒsɪˌleɪtə] n.振荡器8 oscilloscope [əˈsɪləˌskəʊp] n.示波器20, 28 OTP abbr. one-time programmable 一次性编程14 outbound ['aʊtbaʊnd] adj.输出的10 outlet ['aʊtlet] n.电源插座12第9 页共15 页overload [ˌəʊvəˈləʊd] n.过载10 overvoltage [ˈəʊvəˈvəʊltɪdʒ] n.过压7Ppackage ['pækɪdʒ] n.封装形式; 程序包4, 15 packet ['pækɪt] n.信息分组21 packet switching 分组交换10 pad [pæd] n.焊盘9 PAL [pæl] abbr. Phase Alternation by Line 逐行倒相24 parallel [ˈpærəlel] adj.并联的8 parallel architecture 并行结构17 parallel resonant 并联谐振8 parallelism ['pærəlelɪzəm] n. 并行度14 passband ['pæsbænd] n.通带5, 18 passive [ˈpæsɪv] adj.无源的4, 7, 18 payload [ˈpeɪˌləʊd] n.有效载荷11 PCB abbr. printed circuit board 印制电路板9, 18 PCM abbr. Pulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制11 PCS abbr. Personal Communication Service 个人通信业务11 perceptual coding 知觉编码20 performance specification 性能指标6 peripheral [pə'rɪfərəl] n.外设12 PGA abbr. Programmable Gain Amplifier 可编程增益放大器18 phase spectrum 相位谱22 phone service 电话业务4 piezoelectric [ɪˈlektrɪk] adj.压电的piezoelectric [paɪzəʊɪˈlektrɪk] adj.压电的8, 18 piezoelectric crystal 压电晶体18 pipelining [ˈpaɪpˌlaɪnɪŋ] n. 流水线技术3 pixel ['pɪksəl] n.像素22 PLA abbr. Programmable Logic Array 可编程逻辑阵列13 playback ['pleɪbæk] n.重放19 PLCC abbr. plastic leadless chip carrier 塑料无引线芯片承载封装9 PLD abbr. Programmable Logic Device 可编程逻辑器件13, 14, 15 PLL abbr. phase locked loop 锁相环8 pointer ['pɒɪntə] n.指针26 pole [pəʊl] n. 极点5 pole [pəʊl] n.极点18 POST [pəʊst] abbr. power-on self-test 开机自检12 power [ˈpaʊə] n. 功率1 power consumption 功耗1, 6 power dissipation 功耗16 power loss 功率损耗9 power supply voltage 电源电压4第10 页共15 页power supply 电源12 ppm abbr. parts per million 百万分之一8 predictive encoding 预测编码11 present state 现态13 price/performance ratio 性价比16 probe [prəʊb] n.探头30 processing gain 处理增益6 program call 程序调用26 program counter 程序计数器3, 26 programmable [ˈprəʊɡræməbl] adj.可编程的2 propagate [ˈprɒpəɡeɪt] vi.传播8 propagation delay 传输延迟8, 30 prototype ['prəʊtətaɪp] n. 样机14 PSTN abbr. Public Switched Telephone Network 公共交换电话网10 psychoacoustics [ˌsaɪkəʊə'kuːstɪks] n.心理声学20 PTT abbr. Post Telephone and Telegraph Administration 邮政电话电报管理局10 pulse [pʌls] n.脉冲3 pulse width 脉冲宽度30 QoS abbr. quality-of-service 服务质量21 quality factor 品质因数5 quantization error (noise) 量化误差（噪声）6 quantization level 量化电平16 quartz [kwɒts] n. 石英8 RRAM [ræm] abbr. random-access memory 随机存取存储器3, 12 random noise 随机噪声11 raster ['ræstə] n.光栅29 RC abbr. Reconfigurable Computing 可重配计算14 RC abbr. resistor capacitor 电阻电容5 RCA abbr. Radio Corporation of America 美国无线电公司12 real part 实部5 real time 实时16 rectifier [ˈrektɪfaɪə]n.整流器7 redundancy [rɪ'dʌndənsɪ] n.冗余20 Reed-Solomon coding 里德-索罗蒙编码（RS编码）19 reference voltage 参考电压6 refresh [rɪˈfreʃ] vt.刷新2 register [ˈredʒɪstə] n.寄存器2 regulator [ˈreɡjʊˌleɪtə] n.稳压器7 resistor [rɪˈzɪstə] n. 电阻器6 resolution [rezə'luːʃən] n.分辨率6, 23 resolution function 判决函数26 resonant [ˈrezənənt] adj. 谐振的8第11 页共15 页resonating frequency 谐振频率8 ribbon cable 带状电缆；扁平柔性电缆9 ringing [ˈrɪŋɪŋ] n. 振铃振荡5 ripple ['rɪpl] n.波纹18 RISC abbr. Reduced Instruction-Set Computer 精简指令集计算机25 roll off 滚降18 ROM [rɒm] abbr. read-only memory 只读存储器3 router [ˈruːtə] n. 路由器2 rpm abbr. revolutions per minute 每分钟转数19 RTL abbr. Register Transfer Level 寄存器传输级13 RTOS abbr. Real-Time Operating System 实时操作系统26, 27 run-length encoding 行程编码22Ssample and hold circuit 采样保持电路16 sampling interval 采样间隔16 sampling rate 采样率6 SATA abbr.. Serial Advanced Technology Attachment 串行高级技术附件12 scanning velocity 扫描速度19 scheduler ['ʃedjuːələ] n. 调度程序27 schematic [skiːˈmætɪk] n.原理图7, 13 scientific notation 科学记数法17 SCR abbr. silicon controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器7 SDR abbr. Software-defined Radio 软件无线电14 SECAM ['siːkæm] abbr. SEquential Couleur Avec Memoire 顺序与存储彩色电视系统24 selective [sɪˈlektɪv] adj. 选择性的5 semiconductor [ˌsemɪkənˈdʌktə] n. 半导体1, 7 sequence[ˈsiːkwəns] n. 序列3 sequential [sɪ'kwenʃəl] adj.时序的13 series [ˈsɪəriːz] n. 串联7, 8 series resonant 串联谐振8 shade [ʃeɪd] n.明暗度22 shielding [ˈʃiːldɪŋ] n.屏蔽9 shifter ['ʃɪftə] n. 移位器17 signal conditioning 信号调理4 signal conditioning circuit 信号调理电路18 signal integrity 信号完整性9 signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比16, 20 silicon [ˈsɪlɪkən] n.硅1 simplex ['sɪmpleks] n.单工，单向通信11 simulation [ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪʃən] n.模拟9, 13, 16 sinc correction 抽样函数校正19 sine wave 正弦波6 single-shot 单脉冲29第12 页共15 页skew[skjuː] n.相位偏移8 slew [sluː] n. 摆率8 slope [sləʊp] n. 斜率5 smallest resolvable difference 最小可分辨值17 smoothing ['smu:ðiŋ] n. 平滑（滤波）16 SMS abbr. Short Message Service 短信业务21 SNR abbr. signal to noise ratio 信噪比6 SoC abbr. System-on-Chip 片上系统14 socket [ˈsɒkɪt] n.插座9 soldering [ˈsɒldərɪŋ] n.焊接9 solid state 固态1 sound card 声卡20 source [sɔːs] n. 信号源2 source and load impedances 源阻抗和负载阻抗9 source code 源代码27 spec [spek] abbr. specification 性能指标; 规格8, 12 specification [ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃən] n. 性能指标; 规格4 spectral inversion 频谱反转16 spectral resolution 频率分辨率20 spectrum ['spektrəm] n.频谱6, 16 spread spectrum communication 扩频通信11 SPS abbr. Sample Per Second 每秒样本数18 SRAM abbr. Static Random Access Memory 静态随机存取存储器2 stability [stə'bɪlɪti] n. 稳定性4 stack [stæk] n.堆栈26 startup cost 启动成本27 state machine 状态机14 statement ['steɪtmənt] n.语句15 steady state 稳态8 step function 阶跃函数5 stimuli ['stɪmjʊlaɪ] n.激励源15 stimulus signal 激励信号28 stopband ['stɒpbænd] n.阻带18 strain gage 应力计18 string [strɪŋ] n. 字符串26 structure ['strʌktʃə] n. 结构体26 subassembly [ˌsʌbəˈsembli] n.部件9 subsystem ['sʌbsɪstəm] n.子系统28 subtraction [səbˈtrækʃən] n. 减法3 SUT abbr. System Under Test 被测系统30 switch [swɪtʃ] n. 开关1 switched-capacitor filter 开关电容滤波器5 switching [ˈswɪtʃɪŋ] n.交换，切换7第13 页共15 页synchronization [ˌsɪŋkrənaɪ'zeɪʃən] n.同步11, 21 synchronous ['sɪŋkrənəs] adj.同步的13 synthesis ['sɪnθɪsɪs] n. 综合13 synthesizer [ˈsɪnθəsaɪzə] n.合成器8 system call 系统调用27 TTCXO abbr. temperature compensated crystal oscillator 温度补偿晶体振荡器8 TDM abbr. Time Division Multiplexing 时分复用11 telepresence [ˈtelɪˌprezəns] n. 远程在位21 template ['templeɪt] n. 模板26 temporal masking 暂时掩蔽20 termination [ˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən] n.端接9 termination characteristics 端接特性9 test bench 测试台15 test register 测试寄存器3 thermocouple [θɜːməʊˈkʌpəl] n.热电偶18 third party developer 第三方开发商17 thread [θred] n.线程26 TIFF abbr. Tagged Image File Format 标签图像文件格式23 time base 时基30 time constant 时间常数5 time slot 时隙21 time to market 上市时间16 timing [ˈtaɪmɪŋ] n.时序9, 15 timing diagram 时序图30 top-down approach “自顶而下”设计法15 transducer [trænzˈdjuːsə] n. 传感器4, 29 transfer function 传递函数4, 5 transient ['trænzɪənt] n.暂态过程28 transient response 暂态响应5 transistor [trænˈsɪstə] n. 晶体管1 transmission bandwidth 传输带宽20 transmission power 发射功率11 trench capacitor 沟道式电容器2 trigger ['trɪgə] vt.触发13 truth table 真值表26 TTL abbr. transisitor-transisitor logic晶体管晶体管逻辑9 tuning ['tjuːnɪŋ] n.调谐8 type conversion 类型转换15 Uupstream ['ʌpstriːm] n.上行比特流11 USB abbr. Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线12 UUT abbr. Unit Under Test 被测单元28第14 页共15 页UV abbr. ultraviolet 紫外线2 Vvacuum tube 真空管4 VCO abbr. voltage controlled oscillator 压控振荡器8 vector [ˈvektə] n. 向量5 vertical resolution 垂直分辨率28 VGA abbr. Video Graphics Array 视频图形阵列12 VHS abbr. Video Home System 家用录像系统21 video conference 视频会议21 viewfinder ['vjuːfaɪndə] n. 取景器23 virtual memory 虚拟内存3 VLSI abbr. very large-scale integration 超大规模集成1 vocoder ['vəʊˌkəʊdə ] n.声码器11 volt[vəʊlt] n. 伏特8 voltage [ˈvəʊltɪdʒ] n. 电压；伏特数7 voltage reference 参考电压18 voltage swing 电压摆幅8 volume [ˈvɒljuːm] n. 音量4 Von Neumann architecture 冯·诺依曼结构17 VSWR abbr. voltage standing wave ratio 电压驻波比9 Wwatt [wɒt] n.瓦特10 waveform [ˈweɪvˌfɔːm] n.信号波形7 waveform coding 波形编码20 webcam ['webkæm] n.网络摄像头12 wideband ['waɪd'bænd] adj.宽频带的21 wild card 通配符15 wireless infrastructure 无线基础设施16 XYZzero order hold 零阶保持器16第15 页共15 页。

常用物理英语词汇（全）1. Acceleration（加速度）：物体速度变化的快慢程度。

2. Angular Momentum（角动量）：物体旋转运动中的一种守恒量。

3. Buoyancy（浮力）：液体或气体对浸入其中的物体产生的向上推力。

4. Capacitance（电容）：电容器储存电荷的能力。

5. Conductivity（电导率）：物质导电能力的强弱。

6. Current（电流）：电荷的流动。

7. Density（密度）：单位体积内物质的质量。

8. Electric Field（电场）：带电物体周围空间对其他带电物体产生力的区域。

9. Energy（能量）：物体做功或传递热量的能力。

10. Force（力）：物体间的相互作用，使物体发生形变或改变运动状态。

11. Frequency（频率）：单位时间内完成周期性变化的次数。

12. Gravity（重力）：地球对物体的吸引力。

13. Impulse（冲量）：力在一段时间内对物体的作用效果。

14. Inductance（电感）：线圈产生磁场的能力。

15. Inertia（惯性）：物体保持原有运动状态不变的性质。

16. Kinetic Energy（动能）：物体因运动而具有的能量。

17. Magnetism（磁性）：物质在磁场中表现出的性质。

18. Momentum（动量）：物体运动状态的量度，等于质量与速度的乘积。

19. Ohm's Law（欧姆定律）：电流、电压和电阻之间的关系。

20. Potential Energy（势能）：物体因位置或状态而具有的能量。

21. Power（功率）：单位时间内完成的功。

22. Pressure（压强）：单位面积上受到的力。

23. Resistance（电阻）：电流在电路中流动时遇到的阻碍。

24. Scalar（标量）：只有大小，没有方向的物理量。

25. Speed（速度）：物体单位时间内移动的距离。

【词汇】电阻resistance；电流current；电压voltage；电容capacitance；电感inductance；电感特性exhibit inductance;频率frequency;波形waveform;绝缘体insulator；导体conductor；阻值resist；能力，性能capability；耗散dissipate；容纳accommodate；电容器capacitor；电容capacitance；电感器inductor；共振，谐振resonate；发射器emitter；整流器rectifier；波长wavelength；原子atom；质子proton；电荷，负荷charge；吸引attraction；排斥repulsion；交流发电机alternator；发电机generator；势的，位的potential终端terminal；极性polarity；正弦sine；正弦波sinewave；；周期cycle；三相threephase；偏移量offset；；电枢armature；磁场magnetic field；顶点peak；峰值peakvalue；电路ciruit；负荷，负载load；开关，电闸，转换switch；示意性的schematic；计算，考虑calculate；分子numerator；转化的invert；支流branch；混合物compound；相等的equivalent；方法method；刷新redraw；二极管diode；晶体管transistor；半导体semiconductor；制作fabricate;晶体crystal；结合物bond；四面体tetrahedron；本质的intrinsic；杂物，混杂物impurity；中等的moderate；极性polarity；交感interaction；损耗depletion；相反reverse；真空vacuum；泄漏leakage；数字的numerical；十进制decimal；阿拉伯数字digit；权重weight；幂power；二进制binary；位bit；乘multiply；余数remainder；综合integration；双极的bipolar；变极器inverter；便携式电脑laptop；描述depict；瞬间的momentary；逻辑门gate；图表的diagrammatic；方向，方位orientation；芯片chip；多路器multiplexer；定理theorem；搅拌机mixer；向量vector；摩擦力friction；扭矩torque；乘积product；半径，范围radius；杠杆lever；旋转revolution；惯性inertia；补偿compensate；功work;【短语】工业总线industrial bus;电压差voltage difference; 电压降voltage drop;串联电路series circuit; 并联电路parallel circuit; ;换向开关inverter switch；开关输入量discrete input; 正电荷positive charge；负电荷negative charge; 正向positive direction；负向negative direction；反向opposite direction；三相three-phase；磁场magnetic field;交流变量alternating current component;超时over time; 电场electric field; 峰值peak value；三角函数trigonometric function；均方根root-mean-square;等值电路equal value resistors;复合电路compound circuits; 数字转换conversion of number; 可编程控制器programmable controller；电能electrical energy；机械能mechanical energy；惯性定律law of inertia;电枢磁场armature field;右手法则right-hand rule;采样间隔sampling interval;模拟信号analog signal;数字信号digital signal;模拟量输入analog input；接近开关proximity switch;有功功率active power;放大区amplifier region;异步电动机asynchronous machine;开关量输出discrete output;三相交流电three-phase;有源滤波器active filter；在—之间between and；另一方面on the other hand；利用take advantage of；包围close in；由---组成be formed by；考虑take into account；支路by-pass；中性状态neutral state；挤出去force out；自由电子free electron；电流current flow；图示graphic representation；正弦波sine wave；；；与—有关be referable to；；最小公倍数lowest common multiple；复合电路compound circuits；并联分支parallel branch;物理类型physics types；碳族carbon family；三维的3-dimensional；外层电子outer electron；元素周期表periodic table；PN结PNjunction；N区Nregion；数字系统number system；数字值numerical value；十进制系统decimal system；二进制系统binary system；指轮开关thumb wheel switch；；超大规模集成电路very large scale integration；；真值表truth table；牵引电阻pull-up resistor；；米每秒meters per second；角速度angular speed；外力external force；转动惯量moment of inertia；蒸汽机steam engine；绕—而走walk around；欧姆定律Ohm’s law;色条代码color chart codes；国家军用规格和标准National Military specification and standard;检查和维修inspection maintenance;保修条款;limited warranty policy;原子中性状态neutral state of an atom;电中性electrically neutral;交流正弦波ACsine wave;三相交流电three-phase AC power;瞬时电压instantaneons voltage;有效值effective value;简单电路simple electric circuit;数字电路digital circuit elememts;人工布线manual routing;自动布线auto routing;静力net force；线速度linear speed;角速度angular speed;加速度acceleration;【缩写】DC(Direct Current)直流电；BCD(Binary-Coded Decimal)二进制编码的十进制；CMOS(comliementary metal oxide semiconduct)互补金属氧化物半导体；AC(Alternating Current)交流电；RPM(revolutions per minute)转/分；RF(Radio Frequency)射频，无线电频率；BCD(Binary Coded Decimal)二进制编码的十进制；CEMF（CounterElectroMotiveForce）反电动势；PID（proportional integral differential）比例积分微分；PLC （programmable logic controller）可编程逻辑控制器；ADC（analog to digital converter）·模拟/数字转换器；【翻译】1.Resistors are used to control voltagesand currents:电阻器被用于控制电压与电流2.Resistors are components that have a predetermined resistance.Resistance determines how much current will flow through a component.电阻器是预先设定好的元件。

Lesson 1 A Brief Introduction to Electronic Technology一、The Development of Electronics 2二、Contents of Electronics Courses 31、Direct current（DC）circuits & alternating current(AC) circuits 32、Analog electronics 33、Digital elsctronics 34、Signal and systems 35、Circuit theory and design 36、Control theory 47、Microcontroller systems 48、Computer programming for engineering applicationsLesson 2 Electrical Components I一、Resistors and Resistance 6二、Capacitor and capacitance 7三、Inductors and Inductance 8四、Component TestingLesson 3 Electrical Components II 12一、Diode 121、Semiconductor Diode 122、Zener Diode 12二、Transistor 131、The Junction Transistor 132、The Field Effect Transistor 143、Transistor Testing 15Lesson 4 Electronic Instruments 17一、Oscilloscope 171、Analog Oscilloscope 172、Digital Oscilloscope 18二、Multimeters 19三、Signal Generator 20Lesson 5 Analog Electronic Technology 22一、Amplifer 22二、Transistor V oltage Amplifier 22三、Oscillator 24四、Oscillatory Circuit 24五、Filters 25六、Power Supplies 25Lesson 6 Digital Electronics Technology I 46一、N umber Systems 46二、L ogical Operation 46三、A ND Operation and AND Gate 46四、O R Operation and OR Gate 47五、N AND Operation and NAND Gate 47六、N OR Operation and NOR Gate 47七、C ombining Logic Gates 48Lesson 7 Digital Electronics Technology II 50一、Flip-flop 501、RS Flip-flop 502、JK Flip-flop 503、T Flip-flop 504、Edge-triggered D Flip-flop 50二、Registers 50三、Counters 51Lesson 8 Integrated Circuit 53一、Integrated Circuit 53二、The Process of IC Design 54Lesson 9 Digital Signal Processing 56一、Signal Processing 56二、Digital Signal Processing 56三、The Development of Digital Signal Processing56四、Digital Signal Processors（DSPs）58Lesson 10 Microprocessor 60一、Microprocessor（Microcontroller）60二、Assembly Language Instructions 61。

单词Static静止的，静态的['stætik]Standpoint立足点Magnetism 磁场，磁力['mægnitizəm]V oltaic 伏打的[vɔl'teiik]voltag电压Patent专利['pætnt]Electromagnet电磁铁电磁体[i'lektrəu'mægnit Dc generator直流电动机Filament灯丝['filəmənt]Street lighting街道照明Polyphase 多相的['pɔlifeiz]Transmission传输[træns'miʃən]Communication通信Charge电荷Illustrate说明['iləstreit]Essential基本的[i'senʃəl]Dissipation消耗[.disi'peiʃən]V oltage source电压源Current source电流源['kʌrənt]Irrespective不考虑的[.iri'spektivMagnitude大小Potential difference电势差[pə'tenʃəlAmpere安培'æmpɛəPassive无源的'pæsivInductance电感[in'dʌktənsCapacitance电容kə'pæsitənsFarad法拉'færədDiscontinuity不连续的[.diskɔnti'nju:iti] Coulomb库伦['ku:lɔm]Diverse各种各样的[dai'və:s]Be proportional to与。

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NC switching power supplyAbstractThis system based on 51 SCM control unit, used for LM2576-wild numerical control a switching power supply of fuzzy digital control technology, adjust load R1, R2 proportion to change occupies empties compared to make the output stability, and can be through the buttons, digital display to realize output voltage numerical control. In addition, the system to input pressure, flow, input output flow, switch tube overheat as well as the protection circuit, ensure that the system is stable and reliable.Key words: the numerical control switch power supply，LM2576-wild microcontrollerThe first chapter tasks and requirements(a) The taskDesign and construction of a switching power supply, its structure diagram shown as shown in figure 1(b) Requirements1, basic requirements(1) Basic specifications: input voltage: + 10 V/DC (fluctuating range 8 to 12 V)Output voltage: + 2.5 V/DC ~ + 6.5 V/DC(2)The basic technical index:The output of subsection power shift, and 8 from + 2.5 V to 6.5 V +, and every 0.5 V increase. Namely (2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6)Efficiency: 70% (p < + 2.5 V/DC, 1 A testing accurate)Maximum output current: 2 A; Voltage adjustment rate: 2% or less; Current adjust rate: 2% or less(3) Can be arbitrary tuned to the requirements of the output voltage, and with a certain way of the display.(4) can be arbitrary through the keyboard control open/close the output voltage.2. Play a part(1)Have over-voltage protection, input voltage protection movement, there are 15 V over current protection, more than 3 A output current protection movement(2) Improve efficiency: 80% (p < circuit to + 2.5 V/DC, 2 A testing accurate)(3)The ripple: 1% or less (+ 2.5 V/DC, 2 A 20 MHz oscilloscope testing accurate)(4) Press from low to high or from high to low order automatically change the output voltage, each file 2 ~ 3 seconds, between time and space in the test.The second chapter scheme comparison and selectionPlan 1:the division components, such as Self-excitation switching power supply, the circuit principle diagram is as follows:The input voltage for AC220v, 50 Hz ac alternating current, after filtering, again by rectifier bridge after rectifying into a dc, through the control circuit switch tube conduction and globe make high frequency transformer of a low voltage measurement produce high-frequency voltage, small power by high-frequency transformer coupling to second test, then through rectifier filter, get dc voltage output. In order to make the output voltage stability, with the TL431 sampling error, the optical coupling amplifier, through the PWM to control switch tube conduction and deadline (i.e. occupies empties compared), makes the output voltage remain stable.From the foregoing, this scheme circuit is more complex, difficult, so don't debugging feasible.Plan2：DC-DC transform the BUCK type with A/D converter, and constantly testing power output voltage, depending on the power supply output voltage and of the difference of the set value, use of PWM module PWM waves in output, direct control of the power supply. ARM extended buttons, digital display to realize the numerical control output voltage.This scheme is simple, but all the circuit by division components, interference; And PWM module single-chip microcomputer control program is complicated, consider 52 and A/D program between factors, will cause the output of the PWM delay, distortion, so that the output voltage is not quite stable, and so on.Plan 3: the special chip power LM2576-such as wild, its typical circuit are as follows:LM2576 series of stabilizer which are monolithic integrated circuit, can provide the buck switching voltage regulators (buck) all sorts of functions, can drive 3 A load, have excellent linear and load adjustment ability, and LM2576 stabilizer interior contains frequency compensation device and A fixed frequency as its, the number of the external components can be minimized, and easy to use.This scheme, 220 V / 50 Hz ac voltage after rectifying circuit and DC/DC voltage chip LM2576 wild transformation for stable-DC voltage, and then through the adjustment of the relationship of scale and R2 R1 to adjust LM2576 chip of the input output voltage stability than empty. An external circuit components number less, and the program is simple, and the output voltage stability is good.Through various program, feasibility, complexity, system index comparative advantages and disadvantages of each scheme, comprehensive, we use the third plan.In the third chapter of the system hardware design(a)The design of the whole system1. The design thoughtSystem to monolithic integrated circuit AT89S52, LM2576-for the core part, and the wild through the monolithic integrated circuit to output voltage gather, comparison, operations, and the output voltage control, automatic regulation system structure diagram shown as shown in figure 1.220 V / 50 Hz ac voltage after rectifying circuit and DC/DC voltage chip LM2576 wild transformation for stable-5 ~ 12 V DC voltage output, the output voltage through sampling circuit by sampling, A/D conversion chip ADC0804 after converting to 52 after processing, control simulation electron switch to choose 4051 respectively the nine potentiometer R2, change R1 and R2 ratio values, which change LM2576-of the wild chip PWM pulse of empty, MOS tubes work than to switch state in, the input of 15 V DC voltage "chopped" for the and of the same frequency PWM waves pulse wave, pulse wave through the rectifier filter circuit output for 5 ~ 12 V DC voltage. Because of this the topic request have nine output stepping demand, so can tune in advance each voltage resistance, through the corresponding key choice output voltage, directly to the analog switch 4067 choose resistance, they can get to output voltage. At the same time, to detect the voltage, current value through the display LCD1062 real-time display. If working current is too big, the flow detection circuit will be sent to the testing results of single-chip microcomputer, SCM control relay through the ac branch realize over-current protection system in fault, after the operation is set by the reset button to may cause the system to resume normal work.2. The block diagram of the whole system(b) Unit circuit function and the analysis of the operation1. Minimum AT89S52 SCM systemMinimum system including crystal oscillator circuit and reset switch and power supply parts. Figure 2 for the minimum AT89S52 SCM system.2. Rectifier circuit.The wave rectifier circuit is made up of two half wave of rectifier circuit. Because in the next two, add on miens input voltage of the opposite polarity, therefore, to a dynamic balance, in every signal cycle, the C1 and C2 experience 2 times charger, discharge process, current will appear two current pulse with polarity. So in addition to the V o saw tooth wave on the wavy frequency, improve the ability of double filtering, thus reduce ripple voltage.3.Power supply circuitThe dc power by power supply, filtering, protection, such as voltage, four basic modules.(1)The power transformer USES a step-down transformer, the power grid voltage 220 V transform into need ac voltage. The ac voltageAfter rectifying, may obtain electronic equipment need dc voltage.(2) Use rectifier circuit bridge rectifier circuit single-phase, 50 Hz ac alternating current transformation for direction invariable but still has the pulse size straight Flow electricity. Its advantage is high voltage ripple voltage, small, the utilization rate of transformer high. This design by A bridge pile of bridge rectifier, RS808 do maximum current can reach 8 A, cooperate with the design of the large filter capacitance, so the power of the instantaneous large current power supply characteristics, low noise, good reaction speed, output ripple small.（3）Filter circuit using capacitance filter circuit, will the pulsation of the rectifier circuit output filter, get most of the components is smooth dc the electricity. This circuit adopts 4700 u F / 50 V large capacitance C3, C4 to make the output voltage more smooth, the power supply characteristics moment, suitable for take the perceptual load, such as motor start-up. C3, C4 every parallel connection a 0.1 u F / 63 V CBB capacitance, filter to high frequency interference, make input to integrated circuits L11, L12 of dc as far as possible the smooth and pure.（4）By LM317 output voltage circuit is power, LM337 output negative supply. LM317 and LM337 are used internal heat Load, contains over current protection, hot off and safety working area for perfect protection circuit, that power can save the fuse, and so easy loss device. Regulating circuit: to meet the needs of the differentapplication situation and the voltage is set to can be adjusted. The calculation of the output voltage Vo = 1.25 x (1 + Rf/R), adjustable resistance in use precision can be resistor and guarantee the precise output voltage can be adjusted. If this article chooses for 5 k of Rf Ω, R for 270 Ω combination, can respectively on 1.25 V ~ 24 V 1.25 V ~ 24 V achieve continuous adjustable between.（5）Protection circuit for linear power supply heat, so the power larger add enough radiator. Due to the high performance integrated circuit, which can simplify the circuit structure, highlighting the important part in the power transformation. Through the commissioning and testing, good performance. The whole circuit The power not only can be used alone, also can be in other electronic equipment used in voltage or current stabilization source use.4. LM2576-voltage circuit wildWorking principle:Assume that the switch transistors, diodes are ideal components, inductance and capacitance is ideal components, the output voltage ripple voltage output voltage and the ratio of the small to allow oversight.According to the current cycle to begin in IL inductance is starting from scratch, can be divided into current continuous working mode and inductance inductive current is discontinuous work patterns. Due to the continuous work mode inductance current converter, have very good control characteristic; Inductive current is discontinuous work mode, put the electric, inductance and capacitance easy to produce the oscillation, thus affecting the output voltage ripple; And the same occupies empties compared, output voltage in discrete model under the mode of work than the big, high efficiency. To sum up, the most ideal situation is in critical condition, stabilizer which work so we use two kinds of methods:(1)The increase of the inductance inductive energy storage, increase, and extend the discharge of time(2)Improve the work and reduce the frequency switch timeMake transistor in current continuous state.5. The whole wave output rectifier circuit parameter analysisOutput filter by free-wheeling diode rectifier circuit, inductance and capacitance composition. Consider free-wheeling diode in tube by PMOS transistor conduction, when energy consumption, and work in the state, so we used the low powerconsumption, high current, high-speed Scotty diodes IN5817, the characteristics as follows:Maximum peak reverse voltage: 40 VThe biggest reverse RMS voltage: 28 VThe biggest dc voltage: 40 V blockThe biggest positive average rectifier current: 1 AThe biggest positive pressure drop: 0.6 V (1 A)BUCK converter principle by analysis shows that in order to make work in inductive current circuit continuous mode, and the ripple voltage2221()88o o o s s V V D V t tT T LC LC=-= So as far as possible, should be made great inductance we choose for 8 mHinductanceCapacitors mainly is the "absorb" ripple with a smooth, the role of the voltagewaveform. Capacitance and inductance is equivalent to a low pass filtering filter, thecut-off frequency defined asfc =Considering the capacitance equivalent series resistance losses, we choose the capacitance for 1000 uF.562c f Hz ==≈ ()(2~4)gs th V V =-- At this time the cut-off frequency of about 562 Hz ac, visible to dozens of kHz PWM waves have very good filtering effect.6. Input over-voltage protectionWhen the input voltage in the normal range, the input sampling voltage comparator, less than the benchmark voltage output low level; When the input pressure, input voltage is greater than the benchmark sampling comparison output voltage, high level, ARM produce external interruption, warning, blockade, make PMOS transistor tube PWM signal, in order to protect the circuit damage.7. Over-current protectionUsually with hall current sensor detection of current directly PMOS transistor, and then with setting the Id threshold value, compared with comparison to control the output of the driver signal shut off; Or by indirect method, the flow test voltage when the voltage drop the Vsd PMOS transistor, because the pressure drop containsshort-circuit current information flow, when the Vsd increasing, and basically for linear relationship between the flow of testing, when the Vsd and with setting the threshold value is used in the comparison, the comparator output control power circuit of the shutoff.8. LCD display circuitChapter 5 system commissioning1. The software debuggingThe design of the software is more simple, only the keys and LCD display two modules. Through the key control output voltage and the change of the commissioning, a began to discover that step is sometimes 0.5 v, sometimes become 1 v, then add the delay, eliminate buttons dither program can.2. Hardware debuggingFirst of all, points module debugging. First, then debugging power moduleLM2576-and 4067 wild voltage analog switch module, first with high and low level directly elected 4067, using a millimeters to measure the output voltage is correct, after right in with 4067 single-chip microcomputer control, observation output voltage, with a screwdriver fine-tuning nine R2 resistance, change and a number of R2 R1 toadjust output voltage. Through these preliminary commissioning, the output voltage tend to be normal.3. The machine commissioning1) the output voltage can only to 5.62 v, highest can't carry it up again.Reason: analog switch of the 4067 working voltage and choose too small.The solution: the microcontroller output and 4067 a transistor, indirect transistor is in state, when transistor switch when closed, 4067 the voltage by large voltage choose, so that, once the single-chip microcomputer choose the 4067, the working voltage increase.2) Keys pressed, found the step voltage is sometimes 0.5 v, sometimes is 1 v. Reason: usually we keys pressed, there will be delay jitter effect.Solution: in the program and button in case time delay jitter program.3) when the SCM P1 mouth directly elected in 4067 the output, measured using a multimedia P1 mouth output level, found that total for the low level, will single-chip microcomputer and 4067 connections disconnected, using a multimedia after in the mouth output level, found the P1 normal.Reason: 52 chip is with a erase program after board of the smallest system directly into the general effect, choose 4067 output level will be down.The solution: the press the reset button 52 single chip can.Chapter 6 system tests1. The test project circuit2. Testing instrumentsThree and a half digital multimedia (MASTECH my61)Dc power supply (MOTECH LPS-305)Digital oscilloscopes (Tektronix TDS 1002)3. Test results1) in the input voltage for 15 V, respectively for 200 ohm load, 150 ohm, 100 ohm, output voltage accuracy of the test2) in the input voltage for 15 V, load resistance for nominal resistance (i.e. current for 500 mA), output ripple voltage and efficiency test3) the input voltage change circumstances, output voltage ripple and efficiency, precision testingFrom the table three can see, calibration constant input voltage, the higher the voltage, the ripple voltage, the greater the input current is smaller, the lower the efficiency.【reference 】[1]Gao JiXiang. Analog electronic circuit design [M]. Beijing electronic industry press, 2007[2] ZhouZhiGuang. Microcontroller technology and application [M]. Hunan zhongnanuniversity press, 2005[3] YanShi. Digital electronic technology base 【M 】higher education press. Beijing. 2004[4] PengJieHua. The "curriculum design of electronic technology [M]. Beijing guidance ofhigher education press, 1999[5] HuangYouQuan. LiGuiPing. Based on the design of many Chinese characters AT89S52display 【J 】. Electronic design engineering, 2008数控开关稳压电源摘要本系统基于51单片机为控制单元，采用LM2576-ADJ数控开关稳压电源中的模糊数字控制技术，调整负载R1,R2比例来改变占空比使输出稳定，并且可通过按键、数码显示实现输出电压数控。

Lesson 1Accuracy 精确性、精度Amplitude 振幅,幅度Channel 信道,频道Coefficient 系数Convergence 收敛Differentiate 求……的微分Expansion 展开式Harmonic 谐波的Instant 瞬时，时间Integrate 求……的积分Linear 线性的Order 次序，阶Peak 最高的，最高峰Periodicity 周期Phase 相位Polynomial 多项式的，多项式Resistor 电阻器Series 展成级数，级数Taylor series 泰勒级数Set 集合Sinusoidal 正弦的Time domain 时域frequency-domain 频域integrand 被积函数Lesson 2decay 衰减duration 持续时间exponential 指数的multiplier 乘数,乘法器oscillatory 振荡的frequency density function 频率密度函数Fourier series 傅立叶级数Spectrum 频谱Imaginary part of complex 复数的虚部Real part of complex 复数的实部Conjugate pairs 共轭对Lesson 3algorithm 算法decaying oscillatory function 衰减振荡函数power series 幂级数shift operator 移位算子product 乘积electrical disturbance 电干扰sampled—data signal 数据采样信号be proportional to 与…成正比Lesson 5dead-band 死区hysteresis 滞后linearity 线性度measurand 被测量oscilloscope 示波器performance 特性precision 精确度resolution 分辨率static friction 静态摩擦sensitivity 灵敏度calibration 校准loading effect 负载效应slop 斜率platinum 铂thermometer 温度计in cascade with 与…串联in parallel with 与…并联lever 杠杆displacement 位移indicated value示值true value 真值deflection 偏转possible error 可能误差probable error 概率误差root—sum-square error 方和根误差Lesson 6overshoot 过调量，超调量transient response 瞬态响应variable 变量ramp 斜坡resonance 共振step input 阶跃输入step response 阶跃响应transient 瞬态的first-order system 一阶系统static error 静态误差dynamic error 动态误差time constant 时间常数frequency response 频率响应damping ratio 阻尼比under-damp 欠阻尼over-damp 过阻尼mass-spring system 质量—弹簧系统steady-state 稳态rise time 上升时间settling time 建立时间(过渡过程时间）specification 性能指标tolerance 容差Lesson 7capacitance 电容deformation 变形distortion 变形，扭曲electromagnetic 电磁的gauge 表,仪器,计strain gauge 应变计crystalline material 晶体材料voltage 电压current 电流harmonics 谐波inductance 电感，感应infrared 红外的linearize 线性化natural frequency 固有频率mutual-inductance 互感photoconductive cell 光电导管photoelectric effect 光电效应piezo-electric 压电的potential divider 分压器potentiometer 电位计，电位器resistance 电阻thermistor 热敏电阻transducer 转换器,传感器cross—sectional area 截面积excitation voltage 激励电压full-scale 满量程rotary 旋转的translational 平移的mechanical wear 机械磨损inertia 惯性power dissipation 功耗illumination 照度transparent 透明的Lesson 8coupling 耦合flux 磁通impedance 阻抗permeability 磁导率permittivity 电容率,介电系数reluctance 磁阻variable—distance capacitive transducer 变间距式电容式传感器oscillation circuit 振荡电路l。

电路英语（一些专业词语）onload="this.style.overflowX=auto;">电路的基本概念及定律电源source 电压源voltage source 电流源current source 理想电压源ideal voltage source 理想电流源ideal current source 伏安特性volt-ampere characteristic 电动势electromotive force 电压voltage 电流current 电位potential 电位差potential difference 欧姆Ohm 伏特V olt 安培Ampere 瓦特Watt 焦耳Joule 电路circuit 电路元件circuit element 电阻resistance 电阻器resistor 电感inductance 电感器inductor 电容capacitance 电容器capacitor 电路模型circuit model 参考方向reference direction 参考电位reference potential 欧姆定律Ohm’s law 基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’s law 基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s voltage law（KVL）基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’s current law（KCL）结点node 支路branch 回路loop 网孔mesh 支路电流法branch current analysis 网孔电流法mesh current analysis 结点电位法node voltage analysis 电源变换source transformations 叠加原理superposition theorem 网络network 无源二端网络passive two-terminal network 有源二端网络active two-terminal network 戴维宁定理Thevenin’s theorem 诺顿定理Norton’s theorem 开路（断路）open circuit 短路short circuit 开路电压open-circuit voltage 短路电流short-circuit current 交流电路直流电路direct current circuit (dc) 交流电路alternating current circuit (ac) 正弦交流电路sinusoidal a-c circuit 平均值average value 有效值effective value 均方根值root-mean-squire value (rms) 瞬时值instantaneous value 电抗reactance 感抗inductive reactance 容抗capacitive reactance 法拉Farad 亨利Henry 阻抗impedance 复数阻抗complex impedance 相位phase 初相位initial phase 相位差phase difference 相位领先phase lead 相位落后phase lag 倒相，反相phase inversion 频率frequency 角频率angular frequency 赫兹Hertz 相量phasor 相量图phasor diagram 有功功率active power 无功功率reactive power 视在功率apparent power 功率因数power factor 功率因数补偿power-factor compensation 串联谐振series resonance 并联谐振parallel resonance 谐振频率resonance frequency 频率特性frequency characteristic 幅频特性amplitude-frequency response characteristic 相频特性phase-frequency response characteristic 截止频率cutoff frequency 品质因数quality factor 通频带pass-band 带宽bandwidth (BW) 滤波器filter 一阶滤波器first-order filter 二阶滤波器second-order filter 低通滤波器low-pass filter 高通滤波器high-pass filter 带通滤波器band-pass filter 带阻滤波器band-stop filter 转移函数transfer function 波特图Bode diagram 傅立叶级数Fourier series 三相电路三相电路three-phase circuit 三相电源three-phase source 对称三相电源symmetrical three-phase source 对称三相负载symmetrical three-phase load 相电压phase voltage 相电流phase current 线电压line voltage 线电流line current 三相三线制three-phase three-wire system 三相四线制three-phase four-wire system 三相功率three-phase power 星形连接star connection(Y-connection) 三角形连接triangular connection(D- connection ,delta connection) 中线neutral line 电路的暂态过程分析暂态transient state 稳态steady state 暂态过程，暂态响应transient response 换路定理low of switch 一阶电路first-order circuit 三要素法three-factor method 时间常数time constant 积分电路integrating circuit 微分电路differentiating circuit 磁路与变压器磁场magnetic field 磁通flux 磁路magnetic circuit 磁感应强度flux density 磁通势magnetomotive force 磁阻reluctance 电动机直流电动机dc motor 交流电动机ac motor 异步电动机asynchronous motor 同步电动机synchronous motor 三相异步电动机three-phase asynchronous motor 单相异步电动机single-phase asynchronous motor 旋转磁场rotating magnetic field 定子stator 转子rotor 转差率slip 起动电流starting current 起动转矩starting torque 额定电压rated voltage 额定电流rated current 额定功率rated power 机械特性mechanical characteristic 继电器-接触器控制按钮button 熔断器fuse 开关switch 行程开关travel switch 继电器relay 接触器contactor 常开(动合)触点normally open contact 常闭(动断)触点normally closed contact 时间继电器time relay 热继电器thermal overload relay 中间继电器intermediate relay 可编程控制器（PLC）可编程控制器programmable logic controller 语句表statement list 梯形图ladder diagram 半导体器件本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor 掺杂半导体doped semiconductor P型半导体P-type semiconductor N型半导体N--type semiconductor 自由电子free electron 空穴hole 载流子carriers PN结PN junction 扩散diffusion 漂移drift 二极管diode 硅二极管silicon diode 锗二极管germanium diode 阳极anode 阴极cathode 发光二极管light-emitting diode (LED) 光电二极管photodiode 稳压二极管Zener diode 晶体管（三极管）transistor PNP型晶体管PNP transistor NPN型晶体管NPN transistor 发射极emitter 集电极collector 基极base 电流放大系数current amplification coefficient 场效应管field-effect transistor (FET) P沟道p-channel N沟道n-channel 结型场效应管junction FET（JFET）金属氧化物半导体metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) 耗尽型MOS场效应管depletion mode MOSFET （D-MOSFET）增强型MOS场效应管enhancement mode MOSFET（E-MOSFET）源极source 栅极grid 漏极drain 跨导transconductance 夹断电压pinch-off voltage 热敏电阻thermistor 开路open 短路shorted 基本放大器放大器amplifier 正向偏置forward bias 反向偏置backward bias 静态工作点quiescent point (Q-point) 等效电路equivalent circuit 电压放大倍数voltage gain 总的电压放大倍数overall voltage gain 饱和saturation 截止cut-off 放大区amplifier region 饱和区saturation region 截止区cut-off region 失真distortion 饱和失真saturation distortion 截止失真cut-off distortion 零点漂移zero drift 正反馈positive feedback 负反馈negative feedback 串联负反馈series negative feedback 并联负反馈parallel negative feedback 共射极放大器common-emitter amplifier 射极跟随器emitter-follower 共源极放大器common-source amplifier 共漏极放大器common-drain amplifier 多级放大器multistage amplifier 阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier 直接耦合放大器direct- coupled amplifier 输入电阻input resistance 输出电阻output resistance 负载电阻load resistance 动态电阻dynamic resistance 负载电流load current 旁路电容bypass capacitor 耦合电容coupled capacitor 直流通路direct current path 交流通路alternating current path 直流分量direct current component 交流分量alternating current component 变阻器（电位器）rheostat 电阻（器）resistor 电阻（值）resistance 电容（器）capacitor 电容（量）capacitance 电感（器，线圈）inductor 电感（量），感应系数inductance 正弦电压sinusoidal voltage 集成运算放大器及应用差动放大器differential amplifier 运算放大器operational amplifier(op-amp) 失调电压offset voltage 失调电流offset current 共模信号common-mode signal 差模信号different-mode signal 共模抑制比common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) 积分电路integrator（circuit）微分电路differentiator （circuit）有源滤波器active filter 低通滤波器low-pass filter 高通滤波器high-pass filter 带通滤波器band-pass filter 带阻滤波器band-stop filter 波特沃斯滤波器Butterworth filter 切比雪夫滤波器Chebyshev filter 贝塞尔滤波器Bessel filter 截止频率cut-off frequency 上限截止频率upper cut-off frequency 下限截止频率lower cut-off frequency 中心频率center frequency 带宽Bandwidth 开环增益open-loop gain 闭环增益closed-loop gain 共模增益common-mode gain 输入阻抗input impedance 电压跟随器voltage-follower 电压源voltage source 电流源current source 单位增益带宽unity-gain bandwidth 频率响应frequency response 频响特性（曲线）response characteristic 波特图the Bode plot 稳定性stability 补偿compensation 比较器comparator 迟滞比较器hysteresis comparator 阶跃输入电压step input voltage 仪表放大器instrumentation amplifier 隔离放大器isolation amplifier 对数放大器log amplifier 反对数放大器antilog amplifier 反馈通道feedback path 反向漏电流reverse leakage current 相位phase 相移phase shift 锁相环phase-locked loop(PLL) 锁相环相位监测器PLL phase detector 和频sum frequency 差频difference frequency 波形发生电路振荡器oscillator RC振荡器RC oscillator LC振荡器LC oscillator 正弦波振荡器sinusoidal oscillator 三角波发生器triangular wave generator 方波发生器square wave generator 幅度magnitude 电平level 饱和输出电平（电压）saturated output level 功率放大器功率放大器power amplifier 交越失真cross-over distortion 甲类功率放大器class A power amplifier 乙类推挽功率放大器class B push-pull power amplifier OTL功率放大器output transformerless power amplifier OCL功率放大器output capacitorless power amplifier 直流稳压电源半波整流full-wave rectifier 全波整流half-wave rectifier 电感滤波器inductor filter 电容滤波器capacitor filter 串联型稳压电源series (voltage) regulator 开关型稳压电源switching(voltage) regulator 集成稳压器IC (voltage) regulator 晶闸管及可控整流电路晶闸管thyristor 单结晶体管unijunction transistor（UJT）可控整流controlled rectifier 可控硅silicon-controlled rectifier 峰点peak point 谷点valley point 控制角controlling angle 导通角turn-on angle 门电路与逻辑代数二进制binary 二进制数binary number 十进制decimal 十六进制hexadecimal 二-十进制binary coded decimal （BCD）门电路gate 三态门tri-state gate 与门AND gate 或门OR gate 非门NOT gate 与非门NAND gate 或非门NOR gate 异或门exclusive-OR gate 反相器inverter 布尔代数Boolean algebra 真值表truth table 卡诺图the Karnaugh map 逻辑函数logic function 逻辑表达式logic expression 组合逻辑电路组合逻辑电路combination logic circuit 译码器decoder 编码器coder 比较器comparator 半加器half-adder 全加器full-adder 七段显示器seven-segment display 时序逻辑电路时序逻辑电路sequential logic circuit R-S 触发器R-S flip-flop D触发器 D flip-flop J-K触发器J-K flip-flop 主从型触发器master-slave flip-flop 置位set 复位reset 直接置位端direct-set terminal 直接复位端direct-reset terminal 寄存器register 移位寄存器shift register 双向移位寄存器bidirectional shift register 计数器counter 同步计数器synchronous counter 异步计数器asynchronous counter 加法计数器adding counter 减法计数器subtracting counter 定时器timer 清除（清0）clear 载入load 时钟脉冲clock pulse 触发脉冲trigger pulse 上升沿positive edge 下降沿negative edge 时序图timing diagram 波形图waveform 脉冲波形的产生与整形单稳态触发器monostable flip-flop 双稳态触发器bistable flip-flop 无稳态振荡器astable oscillator 晶体crystal 555定时器555 timer 模拟信号与数字信号的相互转换模拟信号analog signal 数字信号digital signal AD转换器analog -digital converter (ADC) DA转换器digital-analog converter (DAC) 半导体存储器只读存储器read-only memory （ROM）随机存取存储器random-access memory（RAM）可编程ROM programmable ROM （PROM）。