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信息化教学手段在技工院校教学中的应用徐慧（江苏省盐城技师学院，江苏盐城224000）［摘要］随着社会的快速进步，越来越多的信息化技术开始与教育教学接轨，信息化教学手段在教学中得到了较大的发展，体现了信息技术教学的优势，不仅能深度还原真实教学场景，也为课堂教学提供了新的形式，能在教学中帮助学生突破学习的重难点，简化课堂内容。
同时教师也应该学习信息化教学手段，将课堂内容与信息技术完美契合，在促进课堂教学发展的同时提升自身教学艺术。
立足于当前技工院校教学现状，就信息化手段在技工院校教学中的发展、优势、效果以及教学方法等方面进行分析并提出几点思考。
［关键词］技工院校；信息化教学手段；教学策略［中图分类号］G712［文献标志码］A［文章编号］2096-0603（2021）34-0164-02近年来，随着社会对人才的需求逐渐扩大，国家进一步加强对技工教育的扶持力度，鼓励技工院校创设新的教学形式和方法，注重培养全能型人才。
但当前一些院校的教学方式仍旧受固有思想影响，在教学中或偏重于理论学习、或重视手工操作，而忽略了对学生技能方面见识的培养。
尽管在一定程度上提高了学生的应用技能，但没有从根本上落实素质教育目标。
比如当前突出的一个问题就是：当学生遇到新的问题时，容易迷茫，且缺乏解决问题的能力和意识，而信息化教学手段则刚好解决这个难题。
一、信息化在教学应用中的发展和应用信息化技术在20世纪末已经被应用到教育教学中，最开始只是最为简单的呈现图像、播放视频，教学形式单一且内容简单。
经过几十年的发展，信息化设备和教学技术被广泛应用于各大院校教学中，其由最开始的多媒体设备逐渐衍生出更多的信息化教学手段，如微课、思维导图、树状图、建模教学技术等多种有效的教学形式，从实际上初步满足了教与学的需求。
当前，从幼儿园到各大高校，信息化技术几乎已经成为常用教学形式之一，不仅为教育教学注入了新的活力，也在很大程度上提高了课堂教学质量。
[1]同时，信息技术的发展使信息化教学手段呈现多样化形式，不同的信息教学技术应当根据教学内容有不同的取舍。
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如果有问题，请尽快和我联系2：如果遇到文件中有些地方图片显示不出来的，可能是文档转换过程中出现的问题，请和我联系，我将图片发送给你，给你带来的不便表示抱歉！请邮箱联系：****************工业化、信息化与现代化工业化、信息化与现代化TAGS: 现代化信息化工业化工业发展社会信息经济我国现代化是人类永远的追求。
对于什么是现代化，经济学、社会学、历史学等不同的学科从不同的角度各有不同的诠释。
一般地来理解，现代化就是指在一定的社会历史发展阶段上，走在人类社会发展最前沿的生产方式和生活方式，以及后进国家对先进生产生活方式的追求过程。
一在工业化时代，现代化就是工业化，这是从社会精英到普通民众所共有的一种普遍认识。
首先来看对现代化概念的几种典型定义。
我国著名发展经济学家张培刚（2001）认为，“现代化是指人类从工业革命以来所经历的一场急剧变革，这一变革是以工业化为推动力，导致传统的农业社会向现代工业社会的全球性大转变过程”；罗荣渠（1995）认为，“现代化主要是指自工业革命以来现代生产力导致社会生产方式的大变革，引起世界经济加速发展和社会适应性变化的大趋势”；李工真（1997）认为，“现代化一般是指在科学技术进步的推动下，在以工业化为先导和前提的基础上，发生在社会各个不同层面上的历史变迁过程”。
综合上面对现代化的几种定义，其表述的角度不同，侧重点也各有差别，但其明显的共同点是，都把工业化作为了现代化的核心和基础。
当然，现代化并不完全等于工业化，工业化指的是社会生产方式上的变化，而现代化则是指由生产方式变化所引起的整体的社会变革，包括工业主义对政治、文化、思想、社会行为等各个领域的渗透。
但是在一般的意义上，工业化已经成为了现代化的代名词，现代化就是工业化，这就是工业时代人们对现代化的认识。
工业化源于工业革命。
200多年前，工业革命在英国发生，并在一个多世纪的时间里蔓延到全球主要资本主义国家。
▪第五讲实践领域与研究方法▪教育技术学的实践领域▪教育信息化▪信息化技术与课程整合▪信息化学习方式▪远程教育▪教育技术新领域▪一、教育信息化▪什么是教育信息化▪教育信息化的特征▪信息化教育的特点▪我国教育信息化的发展▪了解CERNE T、CADLIS▪高等教育信息化▪一、教育信息化教育信息化是指在教育领域（教育管理、教育教学和教育科研）全面深入地运用现代信息技术来促进教育改革与发展的过程。
▪其技术特点是数字化、网络化、智能化和多媒体化，基本特征是开放、共享、交互、协作。
▪以教育信息化促进教育现代化，用信息技术改变传统模式。
▪教育信息化的发展，带来了教育形式和学习方式的重大变革，促进教育改革。
对传统的教育思想、观念、模式、内容和方法产生了巨大冲击。
▪教育信息化是国家信息化的重要组成部分，对于转变教育思想和观念，深化教育改革，提高教育质量和效益，培养创新人才具有深远意义，是实现教育跨越式发展的必然选择。
▪CEBsat▪ChinaEducat ion Broadb and Satell ite net▪即中国远程教育卫星宽带网，由教育部为满足国民对教育日益增长的需求,构建全民终身学习体系而兴建的开放式网络。
▪CERNET▪中国教育和科研计算机网▪CERNET(The ChinaEducat ion and Resear ch Networ k)是由国家投资建设，教育部负责管理，清华大学等高等学校承担建设和管理运行的全国性学术计算机互联网络。
▪CERNET分四级管理，分别是全国网络中心；地区网络中心和地区主结点；省教育科研网；校园网。
▪全国网络中心设在清华大学，负责全国主干网运行管理。
地区网络中心和地区主结点分别设在清华大学、北京大学、北京邮电大学、上海交通大学、西安交通大学、华中科技大学、华南理工大学、电子科技大学、东南大学、东北大学等10所高校，负责地区网运行管理和规划建设。
信息化典型案例信息化典型案例立足应用，努力破解学校信息化建设迷局---学校信息化建设典型案例1、实施背景《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020）》、《教育信息化十年发展规划（2011-2020 年）》等文件的出台为教育信息化工作带来了发展的良机。
目前，学校信息化建设初建成效，学校也被命名为“江苏省现代教育技术实验学校”、“镇江市教育信息化先进学校”， 2011 年12 月被确立为“国家网络教育数字化学习资源中心首批职业学校分中心”，2012 年12 月被确定为教育部教育信息化第一批试点建设单位，此外，学校校园网站建设也屡获佳绩，2011 年学校网站获“江苏省首届中小学优秀校园网站评比活动”一等奖，2012 年11 月获全国中等职业学校“百佳网站”称号。
虽然学校在信息建设过程中取得了一些成绩，但我们也屡遇困境，主要表现在如下几个方面：1）意识问题。
虽然学校管理团队和广大教师都知道信息技术对教育发展具有“革命性影响”，但还未内化并转化成自身的一种普遍行为；2）机制问题。
教育信息化的管理队伍不健全，相关管理制度有待完善，权责有时划分不够明确；3）经费问题。
经费总体投入不足，经费使用不尽合理，“重硬件、轻软件”现象普遍存在；4）队伍问题。
专职人员队伍建设不足，岗位编制、评聘体系等方面尚未理顺；5）应用问题。
师生应用信息化手段从事教育教学活动还有待加强，资源建设不尽合理，资源应用程度低。
2012 年12 月，教育部副部长鲁昕更是在全国职业教育信息化建设工作会议上批评了部分教育部门和学校领导在教育信息化实施过程中“重建设轻应用”、“重硬件轻资源”的倾向，呼吁完善制度政策，加快推进职业教育信息化。
2、主要目标我校自申报国家中等职业教育改革发展示范校以来，一直把信息化建设的着眼点放在应用上，将解决五个方面的困境作为学校信息化建设的工作重点，努力破解学校信息化建设过程中“重建设轻应、重硬件轻资源”迷局。
第21卷第4期2023年12月交通运输工程与信息学报Journal of Transportation Engineering and InformationV ol.21 No.4Dec.2023《交通运输工程与信息学报》总目次第21卷（2023）第1期交通信号控制交通分配与信号控制组合优化研究综述 ················································· 彭显玥，王昊（1）双环相位结构约束下的强化学习交通信号控制方法 ············· 赵乾，张灵，赵刚，等（19）交通行为分析老年人公交出行特征及引导策略研究综述 ············································ 冯小伟，刘路（29）建成环境对老年人出行方式选择的非线性影响 ···················· 石庄彬，鄢春花，何明卫，等（49）绿色低碳交通综合交通运输系统碳排放预测的不确定性分析 ··················· 张晔，宋国华，尹航，等（64）城市地铁站点接驳公交多目标优化方法 ····························· 韩月一，王登忠，王如杰，等（80）交通运输管理地铁乘客限流控制与列车运行图协同优化方法研究 ·············康崇仁，杨欣，张萍，等（94）考虑多主体利益的城市停车PPP项目定价模型······················· 胡晓伟，李重慧，安实（113）基于改进Kneedle算法的机场典型高峰小时需求确定方法 ········· 汪普瑞，董治，柏强（125）智慧公共交通考虑充电需求的电动公交车运营优化模型与算法 ···················· 叶鑫宇，刘昊翔，龙建成（135）考虑时间窗的通勤定制公交线路优化 ················································· 杜太升，陈明明（152）智能网联交通基于时变模型预测控制方法的车辆横纵向协同控制 ··········· 郭明新，郭戈，蔡凌，等（164）162 交通运输工程与信息学报 第21卷第2期交通行为分析关联路网拓扑特性的车辆出行行为画像分析研究 ·················· 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163智能网联交通理想诱导环境下的网联车与网联自动驾驶车混合交通流建模研究················································································· 李松，张开碧，李永福，等（31）基于群体感性工学的智能网联汽车功能偏好分析 ················· 赖信君，林深和，邹靖凯，等（59）交通机器学习基于趋势提取下多尺度时空残差网络的路段速度预测模型·············································································· 朱子俊，宋国华，范鹏飞，等（74）基于深度学习的网络货运平台定价决策 ··············································· 姜浩晨，张小强（86）交通运输管理基于路网在途车辆数的拥堵指数短期预测 ·························· 孙士宏，宋国华，孙建平，等（98）公路甩挂运输的货运需求形态分析 ··········································· 杨忠振，彭译侬，陈康（108）交通行为分析考虑多尺度建成环境影响的双职工家庭通勤时间模型 ··············· 王晓全，邵春福，尹超英（121）货运驾驶员路怒情绪对愤怒表达行为的影响研究 ························· 刘洋，陈红，肖赟，等（130）铁路运输组织列车运行计划冲突判定与检测方法研究 ······························ 洪鑫，孔庆玮，陈亚茹，等（145）基于深度强化学习的列车运行图冗余时间布局优化研究 ············ 徐欣仪，黄平，文超，等（161）双机场终端区共用航段离场管制优化 ······················································· 钟涵，魏来（177）第4期交通运输管理基于Stackelberg博弈的公共停车场停车收费定价模型构建··········································································· 李聪颖，任博冉，周勋朝，等（1）集装箱公铁联运“门到门”运输时间可靠性分析 ················· 简文良，何 艺，胡永仕，等（14）交通行为分析基于出行效用无差异阈值的组合交通客流分配模型 ············· 于晓桦，刘欣萍，毕亚茹，等（25）公交出行时空模式的影响因素和效应研究 ·························· 陈君，李睿智，田朝军，等（35）164 交通运输工程与信息学报 第21卷交通安全应急无信号交叉口横向冲突预警对驾驶行为的影响 ················ 万华森，黄睿，苏晏俊洁，等（47）公交驾驶员生理健康问题研究综述 ··································· 万志伟，陈国俊，刘好德，等（59）公交驾驶员职业心理问题研究综述 ··································· 葛姝欣，陈国俊，刘好德，等（75）智能网联交通考虑二次排队的智能网联车生态驾驶策略 ························· 孙崇效，李昕光，胡 含，等（92）融合多源数据与元胞传输模型的高速公路交通状态估计方法 ·················· 易术，黄丹阳（103）智慧空中交通机场群容量资源战略一体化配置方法··································· 聂建雄，刘畅，王艳军（115）考虑航班波结构特征的机场中转水平研究 ······················· 马辰婷，吴薇薇，李名杰，等（129）考虑航段复杂度的机场终端区进场程序设计与评估 ················· 汤荣亮，王子明，王艳军（138）智能航运系统基于自适应大规模邻域搜索算法的多等级引航员排班问题········································································ 萧理阳，郑航晓，孙 鹏，等（149）第4期交通运输工程与信息学报总目次 165General ContentsJOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND INFORMATIONV o1.21（2023）No.1Review of research on combined traffic assignment and signal control problem ·········································································································· P ENG Xian-yue, WANG Hao（1）Reinforcement learning for traffic signal control under double-loop phase-structure constraints ···················································································· ZHAO Qian, ZHANG Ling, ZHAO Gang, et al（19）A review on the characteristics and guidance strategies of bus travel for the elderly ·············································································································· F ENG Xiao-wei, LIU Lu（29）Non-linear effects of built environment on travel mode choices for elderly ············································································ S HI Zhuang-bin, YAN Chun-hua, HE Ming-wei, et al（49）Uncertainty analysis of future carbon emissions of integrated transportation system ····················································································· ZHANG Ye, SONG Guo-hua, YIN Hang, et al（64）Multi-objective optimization method for connecting buses in urban subway stations ··········································································· HAN Yue-yi, WANG Deng-zhong, WANG Ru-jie, et al（80）Collaborative optimization method of passenger flow control and train timetable for metro systems ··············································································· KANG Chong-ren, YANG Xin, ZHANG Ping, et al（94）Pricing model of urban parking project in public-private partnership mode considering interestsof multiple participants································································· HU Xiao-wei, LI Chong-hui, AN Shi（113）Determining typical peak-hour demand of airport based on improved Kneedle algorithm ···························································································· WANG Pu-rui, DONG Zhi, BAI Qiang（125）Optimization model and algorithm for electric bus operation considering charging demand166 交通运输工程与信息学报 第21卷Optimization of customized bus routes for commuting considering time windows ································································································· DU Tai-sheng, CHEN Ming-ming（152）Vehicle lateral and longitudinal cooperative following-control based on time-varying model predictivecontrol method ····································································· GUO Ming-xin, GUO Ge, CAI Ling, et al（164）User requirement analysis of traffic scenarios involving autonomous transportation systems based onshort-text matching························································L I Shi-chang, HUANG Wei, LIN Ying-ying, et al（178）No.2Analysis of vehicle travel behavior portrait relating to topological characteristics of road network ················································································ YAO Wen-bin, RONG Dong-lei, HU You-wei, et al（1）Analyzing human driving behavior when following autonomous vehicles: real vehicle testing and modeling ············································································· LIU Yi-xuan, ZHANG Hui-yong, WANG Meng, et al（14）Experimental study on quantum decision-making of travel choice behavior ··········································································· ZHAO Chuan-lin, WANG Yu-han, WU Hai-juan, et al（29）Modeling and analysis of autonomous driving acceptance by transportation practitioners ······························································································· WANG Yun-ze, LI Ying-jie, TANG Li（42）Driving risk assessment of highway tunnel entrances based on extended cloud model ···························································································· RUI Hong-rui, WU Jia-bao, HU Li-wei（55）Research on the successive-stage speed limit design at freeway exit area based on situation awareness model ··················································································· Y ANG Yan-qun, CHEN Ming, QIAO Ting, et al（66） A multimodal transport collaborative-rescue optimization model for emergency responses based on risk evaluations ······················································································· C HEN Xu-hao, LV Ying, SUN Hui-jun, et al（79）Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of safety guidance measures of surrounding vehicles during the stoppingof school buses··································································· GUO Yin-jia, CHEN Yan-yan, GU Xin, et al（95）Carrying capacity of shared-track segment in through-operation between regional and urban lines of urban rail transit ················································································· ZHAN Yu-chao, YE Mao, ZHANG Ren-jie, et al（109）Identifying peak periods of urban rail transit stations based on ordered sample clustering ···················································································· SU Yue-tong, XU Tian-jie, PU Yi-chao, et al（123）Exploring the spatial-temporal characteristics and influence factors of supply-demand gap in bike sharing systems第4期交通运输工程与信息学报总目次 167 Modular autonomous shuttle transit service: frequency setting and timetabling ····························································································· FAN Wen-bo, CHEN Xiang, LIU Tao（160）Influence of terrain perception on residents’ public transportation travel mode choice ······································································ X IONG Ren-jiang, ZHAO Hang, DUAN Mei-hua, et al（177）No.3Low-carbon transformation path for urban public transportation system with carbon peak target ·················································································· S HAN Xiao-nian, HU Ying, KOU Long-dan, et al（1）Revenue-optimization model for electric-vehicle charging stations considering battery degradation and dynamic charging characteristics ············································································ WANG Zong-wei, LUO Xia（13）Modeling a mixed traffic flow of connected vehicles and connected autonomous vehicles in an ideal induction environment ········································································· LI Song, ZHANG Kai-bi, LI Yong-fu, et al（31）Analysis of function preference for intelligent connected vehicle based on collective-intelligence Kansei engineering ···················································································· L AI Xin-jun, LIN Shen-he, ZOU Jing-kai, et al（59）Roadway speed prediction model based on multiscale spatiotemporal residual network and detrending ················································································ Z HU Zi-jun, SONG Guo-hua, FAN Peng-fei, et al（74）Pricing decision of online freight platform based on deep learning ····························································································· JIANG Hao-chen, ZHANG Xiao-qiang（86）Short-term prediction of the congestion index based on the number of vehicles on the road network ··········································································· SUN Shi-hong, SONG Guo-hua, SUN Jian-ping, et al（98）Analysis of freight demand pattern of highway drop-and-pull transport ··············································································· YANG Zhong-zhen, PENG Yi-nong, CHEN Kang（108）Modeling commuting duration of dual-earner households considering impacts of multiscale built environment ············································································· WANG Xiao-quan, SHAO Chun-fu, YIN Chao-ying（121）Influence of road rage on anger expression among freight drivers ························································································· LIU Yang, CHEN Hong, XIAO Yun, et al（130）Conflict judgement and detection method for train operation plans ··············································································· HONG Xin, KONG Qing-wei, CHEN Ya-ru, et al（145）Time supplements allocation model for railway timetables based on deep reinforcement learning ······················································································ XU Xin-yi, HUANG Ping, WEN Chao, et al（161）Departure traffic flow control and optimization for dual airport using same route segments in terminal airspace。
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