年产30万吨合成氨基础工艺设计

毕业设计

题 目 名 称: 年产30万吨合成氨

转变工序设计

系 别: 化 学 工 程 系

专 业: 应 用 化 学

班 级: 06101

学 生:

学 号:

指导老师（职称）: （教授）

摘要

氨是关键基础化工产品之一, 在国民经济中占相关键地位。合成氨生产经过多年发展, 现已发展成为一个成熟化工生产工艺。

本设计是以天然气为原料年产三十万吨合成氨转变工序设计。多年来合成氨工业发展很快, 大型化、 低能耗、 清洁生产均是合成氨设备发展主流, 技术改善关键方向是开发性能愈加好催化剂、 降低氨合成压力、 开发新原料气净化方法、 降低燃料消耗、 回收和合理利用低位热能等方面上。

设计采取工艺步骤介绍: 天然气经过脱硫压缩进入一段转化炉, 把CH4和烃类转化成H2, 再经过二段炉深入转化后换热进入高变炉, 在催化剂作用下大部分CO和水蒸气反应获H2和CO2, 再经过低变炉使CO降到合格水平, 去甲烷化工序。

本设计综述部分关键叙述了中国外合成氨工业现实状况及发展趋势以及工艺步骤、

参数确定和选择, 叙述了建厂选址; 介绍了氨变换工序多种步骤并确定本设计高-低变串联步骤。工艺计算部分关键包含转化段和变换段物料衡算、 热量衡算、 平衡温距及空速计算。设备计算部分关键是高变炉催化剂用量具体计算, 并依据设计任务做了转化和变换工序带控制点工艺步骤图。

本设计优点在于选择较为良好厂址和原料路线, 确定良好工艺条件、 合理催化剂和能源综合利用。另外, 就是尽可能降低设备投资费用。

关键字: 合成氨; 天然气; 转化; 变换;

Abstract

Ammonia is the most important one of basic chemical products, plays

an

important role in the national economy. Ammonia production after years

of

development, now has developed into a mature chemical production processes.

The design is based on annual output of 300,000 tons of natural gas as raw

material, the design of synthetic ammonia transformation process. In recent years,

the large-scale industrial development soon ammonia, low energy consumption, the

clean production of synthetic ammonia equipment development are the main direction

of technical improvement, is to develop better performance of catalyst, reducing

ammonia synthesis pressure, the development of new materials gas purification

methods, reduce fuel consumption, low heat recovery and reasonable utilization,

etc.

The design process used in brief are: compressed natural gas

after

desulfurization and conversion into a furnace, the methane and hydrocarbons into

hydrogen, through the Secondary reformer further transformed into the highly

variable furnace heat exchanger, the great catalyst part of the reaction of

carbon

monoxide and hydrogen and carbon dioxide vapor, then through the low-temperature

shift to reduce to an acceptable level of carbon monoxide to methanation

process.

The design review described some of the major domestic and international

situation and the development of synthetic ammonia industry trends

and

technological process, parameter identification and selection, discusses

the

plant's location; introduced the transformation process of the various processes

and determine the design of high temperature shift and low

temperature

Transformation series of the process. Calculation of some of the

major

transformation process, including segment and transform section material balance, heat balance, equilibrium temperature and airspeed calculation. Calculation of

some of the major equipment is a high temperature shift catalyst of specific

terms,

and according to the design task to do the conversion and transformation process

flow chart with control points.

Advantage of this design is to choose a better site and raw materials line

to determine the good conditions, reasonable catalyst and energy utilization. In

addition, investment in equipment designed to minimize costs.

Keywords: ammonia; natural gas; transformation; transformation; 目录

摘要 ........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

Abstract .................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

目录 ........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

1 综述 ...................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.1 氨性质、 用途及关键性 ............................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.1.1 氨性质 ......................................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.1.2 氨用途及在国民生产中作用 ....................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.2 合成氨生产技术发展 .................................. 错误!未定义书签。

1.2.1世界合成氨技术发展 ............................. 错误!未定义书签。

1.2.2中国合成氨工业发展概况 ......................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.3合成氨转变工序工艺原理 ............................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.3.1 合成氨经典工艺步骤介绍 ......................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.3.2 合成氨转化工序工艺原理 ......................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.3.3合成氨变换工序工艺原理 ......................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.4 设计方案确定 ........................................ 错误!未定义书签。

1.4.1 原料选择 ....................................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.4.2 工艺步骤选择 ................................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.4.3 工艺参数确定 ................................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.4.4 工厂选址 ....................................... 错误!未定义书签。

2 设计工艺计算 .............................................. 错误!未定义书签。

2.1 转化段物料衡算 ...................................... 错误!未定义书签。

2.1.1 一段转化炉物料衡算 ............................. 错误!未定义书签。

2.1.2 二段转化炉物料衡算 ............................. 错误!未定义书签。

2.2 转化段热量衡算 ...................................... 错误!未定义书签。