年产10万吨合成氨合成工艺设计
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I 年产10万吨合成氨工艺设计
摘要：合成氨是化学工业的基础，也是我国化学工业发展的重要先驱，其中氨合成工段是合成氨工艺的中心环节。本设计目的在于对年产10万吨合成氨进行设计，并简要介绍了氨的用途、现状和未来发展趋势。
在中压法和催化剂的条件下，设计合成氨合成工段的生产工艺流程，将精制的氢氮混合气直接合成为氨，然后将所得的气氨从未合成为氨的混合气中冷凝分离出来，最后在未反应的混合气中补充一定量的新鲜气继续循环反应。
在物料衡算中出塔气氨含量达到16.50%，合成氨27.778t/h，合成率为29.133%，由热量衡算得到合成塔、中置锅炉和塔外换热器的热量变化。并根据设计任务及操作温度、压力按相关标准对换热器的尺寸和材质进行选择。塔外换热器采用换热面积为546.97m2的立式列管式换热器。
关键词：氨合成 物料衡算 能量衡算
II The Process Design of 200kt/a Synthetic Ammonia Synthesis
Abstract: Ammonia is the basis of the chemical industry, but also an important pioneer
of
China chemical industry,in which ammonia synthesis section is the central part of the synthetic
ammonia process. is to optimize outputting 200,000 t/a of synthetic ammonia synthesis is as the
purpose of the design,and the use of ammonia, current situation and future development trend is
briefly introduced.
The production process of synthetic ammonia synthesis is designed in the medium
pressure and catalyst.The refined hydrogen and nitrogen mixture is made into synthesis
ammonia by the design,then took the synthesis ammonia gas out of the mixture that has not
been become ammonia.At last,the mixture of not reacting is supplied a certain amount of fresh
gas to continue to cyclic response.
The design of raw material of gas refining section in production process the synthetic
ammonia content that gets out from synthetic ammonia tower is made rich to 16.50% in
material balance calculations,synthetic ammonia 27.778 t /h,synthetic rate 29.133% in this
design of raw material of gas refining section in production process.The heat change of the
synthesis tower,the boiler and the heat exchanger is attained by the heat balance,also we
selected piping size and material according to the design operation of temperature,pressure and
relevant standards.The heat exchanging area of 546.97m2 of vertical tube type exchanger is
used as external heat exchanger of tower.
Keywords: ammonia synthesis section;material balance accounting;energy balance
accounting
III 目录
摘要： ..................................................................... I
Abstract: ................................................................ II
第一章 综 述 ............................................................. III
1.1 氨的研究背景 ....................................................... 1
1.2氨的用途 ............................................................ 1
1.3氨的生产方法的选择 .................................................. 2
第二章 氨合成过程的步骤及工艺流程 .......................................... 5
2.1氨合成的步骤 ........................................................ 5
2.2氨合成工艺流程简述 .................................................. 7
第三章 工艺计算 ............................................................ 8
3.1 原始条件 ............................................................ 8
3.2 物料衡算 ............................................................ 8
3.2.1 合成塔物料衡算 ................................................ 8
3.2.2氨分离器气液平衡计算 ........................................... 9
3.2.3冷凝塔气液平衡计算 ............................................ 11
3.2.4液氨贮槽气液平衡计算 .......................................... 11
3.2.5液氨贮槽物料计算 .............................................. 13
3.2.6合成系统物料计算 .............................................. 14
3.2.7合成塔物料计算 ................................................ 15
3.2.8水冷器物料计算 ................................................ 16
3.2.9氨分离器物料计算 .............................................. 18
3.2.10冷凝塔物料计算 ............................................... 19
3.2.11氨冷器物料计算 ............................................... 22
3.2.12 冷凝塔物料计算 .............................................. 23
3.2.13液氨贮槽物料计算 ............................................. 25
3.3 热量衡算 ........................................................... 27
3.3.1合成塔热量计算 ................................................ 27
3.3.2 废热锅炉热量计算 ............................................. 29
3.3.3 热交换器热量计算 ............................................. 30
第四章 设备的计算与选型 ................................................... 32
4.1已知条件 ........................................................... 32
4.2 计算并初选换热器规格 ............................................... 32
4.3校核总传热系数K .................................................... 32
4.3.1 官内给热系数α计算 ........................................... 32
4.3.2 管外给热系数αo .............................................. 36
4.3.3 总传热系数K .................................................. 39
4.4管子拉脱力的计算 ................................................... 40
4.5 计算是否安装膨胀节 ................................................. 40
4.6换热器主要结构尺寸和计算结果 ....................................... 42
