中国出口信贷业务介绍(官方版)

出口信贷的主要形式：1、卖方信贷1.1定义：出口卖方信贷是出口方银行向本国出口商提供的商业贷款。

出口商（卖方）以此贷款为垫付资金，允许进口商（买方）赊购自己的产品和设备。

出口商（卖方）一般将利息等资金成本费用计入出口货价中，将贷款成本转移给进口商（买方）。

1.2方式：由出口商向国外进口商提供的一种延期付款的信贷方式。

一般做法是在签订出口合同后，进口方支付5%～10%的定金，在分批交货、验收和保证期满时再分期付给10%～15%的货款，其余的75%～85%的货款，则由出口厂商在设备制造或交货期间向出口方银行取得中、长期贷款，以便周转。

在进口商按合同规定的延期付款时间付讫余款和利息时，出口厂商再向出口方银行偿还所借款项和应付的利息。

所以，卖方信贷实际上是出口厂商由出口方银行取得中、长期贷款后，再向进口方提供的一种商业信用。

1.3程序：①出口商(卖方)以延期付款的方式与进口商(买方)签订贸易合同，出口大型机械设备；②出口商(卖方)向所在地的银行借款，签订贷款，以融通资金；③进口商随同利息分期偿还出口商的货款后，出口商再偿还银行贷款。

1.4卖方信贷与延期付款的区别：①当事人不同，卖方信贷下是银行与工商企业的关系，延期付款下是工商企业之间的关系；②标的物不同，卖方信贷下是货币资本，延期付款下是商品资本；③信用性质不同，卖方信贷下是银行信用，延期付款下是商业信用。

1.5特点和优势：①相对于打包放款、出口押汇、票据贴现等贸易融资方式，出口卖方信贷主要用于解决本国出口商延期付款销售大型设备或承包国外工程项目所面临的资金周转困难，是一种中长期贷款，通常贷款金额大，贷款期限长。

如中国进出口银行发放的出口卖方信贷，根据项目不同，贷款期限可长达10年；②出口卖方信贷的利率一般比较优惠。

一国利用政府资金进行利息补贴，可以改善本国出口信贷条件，扩大本国产品的出口，增强本国出口商的国际市场竞争力，进而带动本国经济增长。

所以，出口信贷的利率水平一般低于相同条件下资金贷放市场利率，利差由出口国政府补贴；③出口卖方信贷的发放与出口信贷保险相结合。

出口信贷的主要形式1、卖方信贷1定义出口卖方信贷是出口方银行向本国出口商提供的商业贷款。

出口商（卖方）以此贷款为垫付资金，允许进口商（买方）赊购自己的产品和设备。

出口商（卖方）一般将利息等资金成本费用计入出口货价中，将贷款成本转移给进口商（买方）。

2方式由出口商向国外进口商提供的一种延期付款的信贷方式。

一般做法是在签订出口合同后，进口方支付5%- 10%勺定金，在分批交货、验收和保证期满时再分期付给10%-15%的货款，其余的75%-85%勺货款，则由出口厂商在设备制造或交货期间向出口方银行取得中、长期贷款，以便周转。

在进口商按合同规定勺延期付款时间付讫余款和利息时，出口厂商再向出口方银行偿还所借款项和应付的利息。

所以，卖方信贷实际上是出口厂商由出口方银行取得中、长期贷款后，再向进口方提供的一种商业信用。

3程序①出口商（卖方）以延期付款的方式与进口商（买方）签订贸易合同，出口大型机械设备；②出口商（卖方）向所在地的银行借款，签订贷款，以融通资金；③进口商随同利息分期偿还出口商的货款后，出口商再偿还银行贷款。

4卖方信贷与延期付款的区别①当事人不同，卖方信贷下是银行与工商企业的关系，延期付款下是工商企业之间的关系；②标的物不同，卖方信贷下是货币资本，延期付款下是商品资本；③信用性质不同，卖方信贷下是银行信用，延期付款下是商业信用。

5特点和优势①相对于打包放款、出口押汇、票据贴现等贸易融资方式，出口卖方信贷主要用于解决本国出口商延期付款销售大型设备或承包国外工程项目所面临的资金周转困难，是一种中长期贷款，通常贷款金额大，贷款期限长。

如中国进出口银行发放的出口卖方信贷，根据项目不同，贷款期限可长达10年；②出口卖方信贷的利率一般比较优惠。

一国利用政府资金进行利息补贴，可以改善本国出口信贷条件，扩大本国产品的出口，增强本国出口商的国际市场竞争力，进而带动本国经济增长。

所以，出口信贷的利率水平一般低于相同条件下资金贷放市场利率，利差由出口国政府补贴；③出口卖方信贷的发放与出口信贷保险相结合。

Export Buyer's CreditIntroductionExport buyer's credit is a medium-and-long-term financing facility provided by exporter's bank and supported by exporter's home government to the importer or its banks, with the purpose of promoting the export of capital goods and services such as homebred mechanical and electrical products, complete equipment and overseas contracted engineering projects.Functions1. Support from exporter' home country. Export credit, also called "Officially-Supported Export Credit", is a credit provided by the exporter's country for export goods of domestic financial institutions through the preferential policies in order to support the export of homebred capital goods and to strengthen the competitiveness of its home products. As the policy executors, each nation's Export Credit Agencies (abbreviated as ECAs) provide insurance, guarantee or direct preferential loans for the export credit.2. Optimize exporters' asset-liability structures. Since export buyer's credit is the financing for importers or their banks, exporters won't bear liabilities. Exporters have safe foreign currencies collection and accelerated capital turnover through it.3. Reduce importers' financing costs. On the one hand, importer's financing channels are expanded. On the other hand, the financing costs of export buyer's credit under ECA items (insurance, guarantee or direct financing) are much lower than that of average commercial loans. Because the business objectives of export countries' ECAs are to implement national policies rather than make profits, thus the premium rates (or the rates of guarantee) and the loan interest rate are always lower than market average.TermUsually no more than 10 years (from effective date of the loan contract to the repayment date of principal and interest)Interest RateAffected by factors such as borrower's business information, loan amount, term and guarantee type, the interest rate usually adopts floating rate. Subject to external regulators' and our bank's policies related to loan rate, it will be confirmed in the loan contract.ChargesUpon the international common practice, export buyer's credit will be charged management fee, obligation fee and other correlative fees according to certain rate standards.Target Customers1. Exporters shall be the entities who export capital goods and services such as homebred mechanical and electrical products, complete equipment and overseas contracted engineering projects.2. Borrowers should be importers, importers' banks (credit transfer banks) or import countries' statutory borrowing sectors in sovereignty level (such as Ministry of Finance, central bank etc.) which are approved by Bank of China.Application Qualifications1. The aggregate amount of commercial contracts should be no less than USD 1 million;2. The portion of export goods made in China should be worth more than 70% of the contract value of complete equipment and 50% of the watercraft and aircraft. Otherwise, the proportion of loan amount to contract value should be properly decreased;3. The proportion of spot payment in cash currency to watercraft contract value should be no less than 20%, and that to complete equipment contract value should be no less than 15%;4. The commercial contract of export buyer's credit should accord with the relevant legal rules of import country and export country;5. The export enterprise should underwrite export credit insurance in insurance institutions in accordance with Bank of China's requirements;6. Meet other requirements of Bank of China.Process1. The stage of financing intentDuring the initial business negotiation of two sides, or the exporter's participation in overseas biddings, the exporter shall contact our bank's enterprise business sector and applies for an intent letter of export buyer's credit from our bank. Meanwhile, after contacting with the relevant department of China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation, the exporter fills in a proposal form for applying for an intent letter or an intention letter of export buyer's credit. Bank of China will examine and verify the application in view of the relevant references, through relevant institutions or credit standing systems. Then Bank of China will accordingly approve or revise the financing package submitted by the exporter and issue a non-binding intent letter to the exporter.2. The stage of project negotiation and evaluationOur bank's business personnel will track and monitor the project developing circumstances, help the exporter and the borrower with business negotiations, define the financing proportion and settlement methods of export buyer's credit. Thus our bank can endeavor to match the loan payment and settlement methods with the loan terms such as withdrawal time and withdrawal amount.3. Negotiation and signing stage of loan and insurance contracts4. Loan use stageThe exporter transports goods, entrusts the international settlement department of our bank to process collection or L/C business according to the settlement method agreed on the contract, submits document to the borrower for its verification and send out a payment instruction. With all the preconditions satisfied, the exporter draws and uses the loan from our bank. The exporter should regularly provide export contract progress report to define delivery, project schedule and amount settlement.CaseCompany A is a famous domestic manufacturer of telecommunication equipment with important market overseas. In April, 2009, our bank granted an export buyer's credit to its overseas customer, a telecom operator, and gained high appreciation from it. With tightening liquidity of global financial market, export buyer's credit not only expands the financing channels for the importer but also made the financing costs much lower than the commercial loans at overseas market. Because, such business is insured by China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation with low risk. The export buyer's credit for the telecom operator granted by our bank played an important role for our customer, themanufacturer of telecommunication equipment, to win orders overseas. Since last year, our bank has taken support for Chinese enterprises "go abroad" as an important part of implementing the Science-based Development, and promoted export buyer's credit as a principal financial product for the "go-out" strategy of supporting Chinese enterprises.Our AdvantagesIn 1988, our bank accomplished the first export buyer's credit in China. Before the establishment of the Export-Import Bank of China in 1994, our bank is the only bank authorized by the government to conduct this business. Our bank had conducted 28 projects of export buyer's credit for 15 developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. As special and competitive product of our bank, Export buyer's credit not only effectively supports customers to "go abroad" but also brings us large amount of rewards and sound international prestige.出口买方信贷(Export Buyer's Credit)产品说明出口买方信贷是出口国为了支持本国机电产品、成套设备、对外工程承包等资本性货物和服务的出口，由出口国银行在本国政府的支持下给予进口商或进口商银行的中长期融资便利。

出口信贷的含义及其适用原因出口信贷（Export Credit）是一种国际信贷方式，它是一国政府为支持和扩大本国大型设备等产品的出口，增强国际竞争力，对出口产品给予利息补贴、提供出口信用保险及信贷担保，鼓励本国的银行或非银行金融机构对本国的出口商或外国的进口商（或其银行）提供利率较低的贷款，以解决本国出口商资金周转的困难，或满足国外进口商对本国出口商支付货款需要的一种国际信贷方式。

出口信贷名称的由来就是因为这种贷款由出口方提供，并且以推动出口为目的。

采用出口信贷的原因1、利率较低对外贸易中长期信贷的利率一般低于相同条件资金贷放的市场利率，其利差由政府设立的专款补贴。

政府给予出口信贷的利率补贴意在提高本国产品在国际市场上的竞争力,扩大该国产品的国际市场；同时,出于某些政治意图,发达国家一般会对部分地区国家出口信贷提供较低的利率负担。

2、与信贷保险相结合由于中长期对外贸易信贷偿还期限长、金额大，发放贷款的银行存在着较大的风险，为了减缓出口国家银行的后顾之忧，保证其贷款资金的安全发放，国家一般设有信贷保险机构，对银行发放的中长期贷款给予担保。

3、由专门机构进行管理发达国家提供的对外贸易中长期信贷，一般直接由商业银行发放，若因为金额巨大，商业银行资金不足时，则由国家专设的出口信贷机构给予支持。

不少国家还对一定类型的对外贸易中长期贷款，直接由出口信贷机构承担发放的责任。

它的好处是利用国家资金支持对外贸易中长期信贷，可弥补私人商业银行资金的不足，改善该国的出口信贷条件，加强该国出口商夺取国外销售市场的力量。

我国的出口信贷主要分为买方信贷、卖方信贷和出口福费廷。

出口买方信贷1适用范围用于支持中国产品、技术和服务的出口以及能带动中国设备、施工机具材料、工程施工、技术、管理出口和劳务输出的对外工程承包项目。

2贷款对象出口买方的贷款对象为中国进出口银行认可的进口商或进口商银行。

3贷款条件（1）借款人所在国政治经济状况相对稳定。

业务指引—出口信保融资业务一、出口信用保险和出口信保融资业务介绍1、出口信保融资（出口信用保险项下贸易融资）是指出口企业在投保出口信用保险后，对以LC、DP、DA、OA方式结算的业务，可以在办理一定手续后，到银行办理出口押汇。

2、出口信用保险分析出口信用保险是各国政府支持出口、防范收汇风险的国际通行做法，是世贸组织规则允许的贸易促进措施。

主要应对买方国家的政治风险和商业风险。

中国出口信用保险公司（简称中国信保）是我国唯一承办该业务的政策性保险公司。

于2001年12月挂牌运营，已在国内多个地方和伦敦设有代表处。

出口信用保险不同于其它商业保险：首先，出口信用保险有政策性目的，不以盈利为目的，而是为出口和对外投资提供保障和便利，具有很强的政策导向性。

其次，出口信用保险以政府财政为后盾，体现政府主导作用。

营运资金来源和损失弥补均由国家预算安排。

因此，出口信用保险实质上不属于商业保险范畴，而是一种政策性保险。

3、出口信用保险及融资业务发展情况截至2005年，出口信用保险承保金额超过200亿美元，占一般贸易出口额的比重为6%，累计扶持的出口超过350亿美元，为数千家出口企业提供保险服务。

同时，出口信用保险还带动银行融资500多亿元人民币，支付赔款2亿多美元。

出口信用保险的政策性功能的作用日益显现。

目前，天津市多家企业如天钢等投保出口信用保险，各家银行也基本都开展了出口信保融资业务，部分银行甚至列为重点扶持业务。

我行该类业务尚未真正开展。

二、出口信保融资业务风险分析出口信用保险承保买方国家风险和买方商业风险。

国家风险包括外汇管制风险、战争、自然灾害等风险；买方商业风险包括买方信用风险（拖欠、拒付及破产等）和买方银行风险（开证行或保兑行风险）。

因此，出口信保融资业务面临的主要风险是产品质量带来的商业纠纷风险。

产品质量风险（或商业纠纷风险）可以通过出口商品审核、交易对手历史纪录、产品检验证书等手段进行控制。

对于买家以产品质量为由无理拒付，出口信保公司通过国外信息渠道和其它有关单证，基本都能够确认和理赔。

出口卖方信贷是指,在大型机械装备与成套设备贸易中,为方便出口商以延期付款方式出卖设备融资,出口商所在地的银行对出口商向国外进口商出售设备、技术和劳务而提供的一种贷款。

目前,中国绝大部分出口卖方信贷由中国进出口银行提供,其利率比商业贷款优惠。

出口卖方信贷的程序与做法是:
(1)出口商(卖方)以延期付款或赊销方式向进口商(买方)出售大型机械装备或成套设备。

在这种贸易方式下,进出口商签订合同后,进口商先支付10%～15%的定金;在分批交货验收和保证期满时,再分期支付10%～15%的货款,其余70%～80%的货款,在全部交货后若干年内分期偿还(一般每半年还款一次),并支付延期付款期间的利息。

(2)出口商(卖方)向其所在地的银行商借贷款,签订贷款协议,以融通资金。

(3)进口商(买方)随同利息分期偿还出口商(卖方)货款后,根据贷款协议,出口商再用以偿还其从银行取得的贷款。

出口商向银行借取卖方信贷,除按出口信贷利率支付利息外,并须支付信贷保险费、承担费、管理费等。

这些费用均附加于出口成套设备的货价之中,但每项费用的具体金额进口商不得而知。

所以,延期付款的货价一般高于以现汇支付的货价,有时高出3%～4%,有的甚至高出8%～10%。