TL494CN中文资料原理及应用技巧电子教案

TL494常应用于电源电路当中,在本站的文章中,除了本文TL494中文资料及应用电路,还有一个电路是应用了TL494资料的,具体的电路图,请参考本站文章:200W的ATX电源线路图,本文已经提供了比较丰富的TL494中文资料了TL494是一种固定频率脉宽调制电路，它包含了开关电源控制所需的全部功能，广泛应用于单端正激双管式、半桥式、全桥式开关电源。

TL494有SO-16和PDIP-16两种封装形式，以适应不同场合的要求。

其主要特性如下：TL494主要特征集成了全部的脉宽调制电路。

片内置线性锯齿波振荡器，外置振荡元件仅两个（一个电阻和一个电容）。

内置误差放大器。

内止5V参考基准电压源。

可调整死区时间。

内置功率晶体管可提供500mA的驱动能力。

推或拉两种输出方式。

TL494外形图TL494引脚图TL494工作原理简述TL494是一个固定频率的脉冲宽度调制电路，内置了线性锯齿波振荡器，振荡频率可通过外部的一个电阻和一个电容进行调节，其振荡频率如下：输出脉冲的宽度是通过电容CT上的正极性锯齿波电压与另外两个控制信号进行比较来实现。

功率输出管Q1和Q2受控于或非门。

当双稳触发器的时钟信号为低电平时才会被选通，即只有在锯齿波电压大于控制信号期间才会被选通。

当控制信号增大，输出脉冲的宽度将减小。

参见图2。

TL494脉冲控制波形图控制信号由集成电路外部输入，一路送至死区时间比较器，一路送往误差放大器的输入端。

死区时间比较器具有120mV的输入补偿电压，它限制了最小输出死区时间约等于锯齿波周期的4%，当输出端接地，最大输出占空比为96%，而输出端接参考电平时，占空比为48%。

当把死区时间控制输入端接上固定的电压（范围在0—3.3V之间）即能在输出脉冲上产生附加的死区时间。

脉冲宽度调制比较器为误差放大器调节输出脉宽提供了一个手段：当反馈电压从0.5V变化到3.5时，输出的脉冲宽度从被死区确定的最大导通百分比时间中下降到零。

2024年传感器原理与应用技术全书电子教案一、教学目标1.了解传感器的基本概念、分类及特点。

2.掌握传感器的原理、性能参数及选用方法。

3.熟悉传感器在各个领域的应用案例。

4.培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。

二、教学内容1.传感器概述2.传感器原理3.传感器性能参数4.传感器选用方法5.传感器应用案例三、教学重点与难点1.教学重点：传感器的原理、性能参数及选用方法。

2.教学难点：传感器的原理分析及应用案例。

四、教学方法1.采用案例分析、小组讨论、实物演示等教学方法，激发学生的学习兴趣。

2.结合实际应用，让学生在实践中掌握传感器的基本知识。

3.鼓励学生提问，引导学生主动探究，培养学生的创新意识。

五、教学步骤第一课时：传感器概述1.导入新课通过展示生活中的传感器应用案例，引发学生对传感器的兴趣。

2.讲解传感器的基本概念、分类及特点（1）传感器定义：能感受规定的被测量并按照一定规律转换成可用输出信号的装置。

（2）传感器分类：按照被测量类型、转换原理、输出信号类型等进行分类。

（3）传感器特点：微型化、智能化、网络化、多功能化等。

第二课时：传感器原理1.讲解传感器的工作原理（1）传感器的基本组成：敏感元件、转换元件、信号处理电路等。

（2）传感器的工作原理：敏感元件感受到被测量变化，转换元件将感受到的变化转换为电信号，信号处理电路对电信号进行处理，输出可用信号。

2.分析常见传感器的原理（1）热敏电阻：利用半导体材料的温度特性实现温度测量。

（2）光敏电阻：利用光生伏特效应实现光强测量。

（3）压力传感器：利用弹性元件的形变实现压力测量。

第三课时：传感器性能参数1.讲解传感器的主要性能参数（1）灵敏度：传感器输出信号与输入信号之比。

（2）线性度：传感器输出信号与输入信号之间的线性关系。

（3）精度：传感器输出值与实际值之间的误差。

（4）响应时间：传感器从输入信号变化到输出信号稳定所需的时间。

2.分析传感器性能参数在实际应用中的重要性第四课时：传感器选用方法1.讲解传感器选用的基本原则（1）根据测量对象和测量范围选择合适的传感器。

FEATURES1 2 3 4 5 6 7 816 15 14 13 12 11 10 91IN+1IN−FEEDBACKDTCCTRTGNDC12IN+2IN−REFOUTPUT CTRL V CCC2E2E1D, DB, N, NS, OR PW PACKAGE(TOP VIEW) DESCRIPTION TL494PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITSSLVS074E–JANUARY1983–REVISED FEBRUARY2005•Complete PWM Power-Control Circuitry•Uncommitted Outputs for200-mA Sink orSource Current•Output Control Selects Single-Ended orPush-Pull Operation•Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse atEither Output•Variable Dead Time Provides Control OverTotal Range•Internal Regulator Provides a Stable5-VReference Supply With5%Tolerance•Circuit Architecture Allows EasySynchronizationThe TL494incorporates all the functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation(PWM)control circuit on a single chip.Designed primarily for power-supply control,this device offers the flexibility to tailor the power-supply control circuitry to a specific application.The TL494contains two error amplifiers,an on-chip adjustable oscillator,a dead-time control(DTC)comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop,a5-V,5%-precision regulator,and output-control circuits.The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage range from–0.3V to V CC–2V.The dead-time control comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately5%dead time.The on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT,or it can drive the common circuits in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies.The uncommitted output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability.The TL494provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation,which can be selected through the output-control function.The architecture of this device prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push-pull operation.The TL494C is characterized for operation from0°C to70°C.The TL494I is characterized for operation from –40°C to85°C.AVAILABLE OPTIONSPACKAGED DEVICES(1)SHRINK SMALL THIN SHRINK T A SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC DIP SMALL OUTLINEOUTLINE SMALL OUTLINE(D)(N)(NS)(DB)(PW) 0°C to70°C TL494CD TL494CN TL494CNS TL494CDB TL494CPW –40°C to85°C TL494ID TL494IN———(1)The D,DB,NS,and PW packages are available taped and reeled.Add the suffix R to device type(e.g.,TL494CDR).Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability,standard warranty,and use in critical applications of TexasInstruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.GNDV CCC1E1C2E2FEEDBACKREFTL494PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITSSLVS074E–JANUARY 1983–REVISED FEBRUARY 2005FUNCTION TABLEINPUT TO OUTPUT FUNCTION OUTPUT CTRL V I =GND Single-ended or parallel output V I =V refNormal push-pull operationFUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMAbsolute Maximum Ratings(1) Recommended Operating ConditionsTL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITSSLVS074E–JANUARY1983–REVISED FEBRUARY2005over operating free-air temperature range(unless otherwise noted)MIN MAX UNIT V CC Supply voltage(2)41VV I Amplifier input voltage V CC+0.3VV O Collector output voltage41VI O Collector output current250mAD package73DB package82θJA Package thermal impedance(3)(4)N package67°C/WNS package64PW package108 Lead temperature1,6mm(1/16inch)from case for10seconds260°CT stg Storage temperature range–65150°C (1)Stresses beyond those listed under"absolute maximum ratings"may cause permanent damage to the device.These are stress ratingsonly,and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under"recommended operating conditions"is not implied.Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.(2)All voltages are with respect to the network ground terminal.(3)Maximum power disipation is a function of T J(max),θJA,and T A.The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambienttemperatire is P D=(T J(max)–T A)/θJA.Operating at the absolute maximum T J of150°C can affect reliability.(4)The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD51-7.MIN MAX UNIT V CC Supply voltage740VV I Amplifier input voltage–0.3V CC–2VV O Collector output voltage40V Collector output current(each transistor)200mACurrent into feedback terminal0.3mA f OSC Oscillator frequency1300kHz C T Timing capacitor0.4710000nFR T Timing resistor 1.8500kΩTL494C070T A Operating free-air temperature°CTL494I–4085s +ȍNn +1(x n *X)2N *1ǸElectrical CharacteristicsReference SectionOscillator SectionError-Amplifier SectionTL494PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITSSLVS074E–JANUARY 1983–REVISED FEBRUARY 2005over recommended operating free-air temperature range,V CC =15V,f =10kHz (unless otherwise noted)TL494C,TL494I PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONS (1)UNIT MIN TYP (2)MAX Output voltage (REF)I O =1mA 4.755 5.25V Input regulation V CC =7V to 40V 225mV Output regulationI O =1mA to 10mA 115mV Output voltage change with temperature ∆T A =MIN to MAX 210mV/V Short-circuit output current (3)REF =0V25mA(1)For conditions shown as MIN or MAX,use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions.(2)All typical values,except for parameter changes with temperature,are at T A =25°C.(3)Duration of short circuit should not exceed one second.C T =0.01µF,R T =12k Ω(see Figure 1)TL494C,TL494I PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONS (1)UNIT MIN TYP (2)MAXFrequency10kHz Standard deviation of frequency (3)All values of V CC ,C T ,R T ,and T A constant 100Hz/kHz Frequency change with voltage V CC =7V to 40V,T A =25°C 1Hz/kHz Frequency change with temperature (4)∆T A =MIN to MAX10Hz/kHz(1)For conditions shown as MIN or MAX,use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions.(2)All typical values,except for parameter changes with temperature,are at T A =25°C.(3)Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula:(4)Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor are not taken into account.See Figure 2TL494C,TL494I PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSUNIT MIN TYP (1)MAX Input offset voltage V O (FEEDBACK)=2.5V 210mV Input offset current V O (FEEDBACK)=2.5V 25250nA Input bias currentV O (FEEDBACK)=2.5V 0.21µA –0.3to Common-mode input voltage range V CC =7V to 40VV V CC –2Open-loop voltage amplification ∆V O =3V,V O =0.5V to 3.5V,R L =2k Ω7095dB Unity-gain bandwidth V O =0.5V to 3.5V,R L =2k Ω800kHz Common-mode rejection ratio ∆V O =40V,T A =25°C6580dB Output sink current (FEEDBACK)V ID =–15mV to –5V,V (FEEDBACK)=0.7V 0.30.7mA Output source current (FEEDBACK)V ID =15mV to 5V,V (FEEDBACK)=3.5V–2mA(1)All typical values,except for parameter changes with temperature,are at T A =25°C.Electrical Characteristics Output SectionDead-Time Control Section PWM Comparator Section Total DeviceSwitching CharacteristicsTL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITSSLVS074E–JANUARY1983–REVISED FEBRUARY2005over recommended operating free-air temperature range,V CC=15V,f=10kHz(unless otherwise noted)PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1)MAX UNIT Collector off-state current V CE=40V,V CC=40V2100µA Emitter off-state current V CC=V C=40V,V E=0–100µACommon emitter V E=0,I C=200mA 1.1 1.3 Collector-emitter saturation voltage VEmitter follower V O(C1or C2)=15V,I E=–200mA 1.5 2.5Output control input current V I=V ref 3.5mA (1)All typical values,except for temperature coefficient,are at T A=25°C.See Figure1PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1)MAX UNIT Input bias current(DEAD-TIME CTRL)V I=0to5.25V–2–10µAV I(DEAD-TIME CTRL)=0,C T=0.01µF,Maximum duty cycle,each output45%R T=12kΩZero duty cycle3 3.3Input threshold voltage(DEAD-TIME CTRL)VMaximum duty cycle0(1)All typical values,except for temperature coefficient,are at T A=25°C.See Figure1PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1)MAX UNIT Input threshold voltage(FEEDBACK)Zero duty cyle4 4.5V Input sink current(FEEDBACK)V(FEEDBACK)=0.7V0.30.7mA (1)All typical values,except for temperature coefficient,are at T A=25°C.PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1)MAX UNITV CC=15V610R T=V ref,Standby supply current mAAll other inputs and outputs open VCC=40V915Average supply current V I(DEAD-TIME CTRL)=2V,See Figure17.5mA (1)All typical values,except for temperature coefficient,are at T A=25°C.TA=25°CPARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1)MAX UNIT Rise time100200nsCommon-emitter configuration,See Figure3Fall time25100nsRise time100200nsEmitter-follower configuration,See Figure4Fall time40100ns(1)All typical values,except for temperature coefficient,are at T A=25°C.PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATIONTest InputsOutput 1Output 2ΩTEST CIRCUITV CC V CC 0 V 0 VVoltage at C1Voltage at C2Voltage at CTDTC FEEDBACK0 V0.7 V VOLTAGE WAVEFORMSDuty CycleTL494PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITSSLVS074E–JANUARY 1983–REVISED FEBRUARY 2005Figure 1.Operational Test Circuit and WaveformsPARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATIONV IFEEDBACKOutput= 15 pF TEST CIRCUITOUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMNOTE A:C Lincludes probe and jig capacitance.Output TEST CIRCUITOUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMNOTE A:C L includes probe and jig capacitance.TL494PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITSSLVS074E–JANUARY 1983–REVISED FEBRUARY 2005Figure 2.Amplifier CharacteristicsFigure mon-Emitter ConfigurationFigure 4.Emitter-Follower ConfigurationTYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS1 k4 k 10 k 40 k 100 k 400 k 1 Mf − O s c i l l a t o r F r e q u e n c y a n d F r e q u e n c y V a r i a t i o n − H zOSCILLATOR FREQUENCY ANDFREQUENCY VARIATION †vsR T − Timing Resistance − Ω†Frequency variation (∆f) is the change in oscillator frequency that occurs over the full temperature range.A − A m p l i f i e r V o l t a g e A m p l i f i c a t i o n − d Bf − Frequency − HzAMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATIONvsFREQUENCYTL494PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITSSLVS074E–JANUARY 1983–REVISED FEBRUARY 2005Figure 5.Figure 6.PACKAGING INFORMATIONOrderableDeviceStatus (1)Package Type Package DrawingPins Package Qty Eco Plan (2)Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3)TL494CD ACTIVE SOIC D 1640Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDBR ACTIVE SSOP DB 162000Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDBRE4ACTIVE SSOP DB 162000Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDBRG4ACTIVE SSOP DB 162000Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDE4ACTIVE SOIC D 1640Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDG4ACTIVE SOIC D 1640Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDR ACTIVE SOIC D 162500Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDRE4ACTIVE SOIC D 162500Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CDRG4ACTIVE SOIC D 162500Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CJ OBSOLETE CDIP J 16TBD Call TI Call TITL494CN ACTIVE PDIP N 1625Pb-Free (RoHS)CU NIPDAU N /A for Pkg Type TL494CNE4ACTIVE PDIP N 1625Pb-Free (RoHS)CU NIPDAU N /A for Pkg Type TL494CNSR ACTIVE SO NS 162000Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CNSRG4ACTIVE SO NS 162000Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CPW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 1690Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CPWE4ACTIVE TSSOP PW 1690Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CPWG4ACTIVE TSSOP PW 1690Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CPWLE OBSOLETE TSSOP PW 16TBDCall TI Call TITL494CPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 162000Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CPWRE4ACTIVE TSSOP PW 162000Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494CPWRG4ACTIVE TSSOP PW 162000Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494ID ACTIVE SOIC D 1640Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494IDE4ACTIVE SOIC D 1640Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494IDG4ACTIVE SOIC D 1640Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494IDR ACTIVE SOIC D 162500Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494IDRE4ACTIVESOICD162500Green (RoHS &CU NIPDAULevel-1-260C-UNLIM28-May-2007Orderable DeviceStatus (1)Package Type Package DrawingPins Package QtyEco Plan (2)Lead/Ball FinishMSL Peak Temp (3)no Sb/Br)TL494IDRG4ACTIVE SOIC D 162500Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL494IN ACTIVE PDIP N 1625Pb-Free (RoHS)CU NIPDAU N /A for Pkg Type TL494INE4ACTIVE PDIP N 1625Pb-Free (RoHS)CU NIPDAU N /A for Pkg Type TL494MJ OBSOLETE CDIP J 16TBD Call TI Call TI TL494MJBOBSOLETECDIPJ16TBDCall TICall TI(1)The marketing status values are defined as follows:ACTIVE:Product device recommended for new designs.LIFEBUY:TI has announced that the device will be discontinued,and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.NRND:Not recommended for new designs.Device is in production to support existing customers,but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.PREVIEW:Device has been announced but is not in production.Samples may or may not be available.OBSOLETE:TI has discontinued the production of the device.(2)Eco Plan -The planned eco-friendly classification:Pb-Free (RoHS),Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt),or Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br)-please check /productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.TBD:The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.Pb-Free (RoHS):TI's terms "Lead-Free"or "Pb-Free"mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6substances,including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1%by weight in homogeneous materials.Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures,TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt):This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1)lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package,or 2)lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe.The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible)as defined above.Green (RoHS &no Sb/Br):TI defines "Green"to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible),and free of Bromine (Br)and Antimony (Sb)based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1%by weight in homogeneous material)(3)MSL,Peak Temp.--The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications,and peaksolder temperature.Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided.TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties,and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information.Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties.TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary,and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s)at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.28-May-2007TAPE AND REEL BOXINFORMATIONDevicePackage Pins SiteReel Diameter (mm)Reel Width (mm)A0(mm)B0(mm)K0(mm)P1(mm)W (mm)Pin1Quadrant TL494CDBR DB 16SITE 41330168.2 6.6 2.51216Q1TL494CDR D 16SITE 2733016 6.510.3 2.1816Q1TL494CDR D 16SITE 4133016 6.510.3 2.1816Q1TL494CNSR NS 16SITE 41330168.210.5 2.51216Q1TL494CPWR PW 16SITE 41330127.0 5.6 1.6812Q1TL494IDRD16SITE 27330166.510.32.1816Q15-Oct-2007DevicePackage Pins Site Length (mm)Width (mm)Height (mm)TL494CDBR DB 16SITE 41346.0346.033.0TL494CDR D 16SITE 27342.9336.628.58TL494CDR D 16SITE 41346.0346.033.0TL494CNSR NS 16SITE 41346.0346.033.0TL494CPWR PW 16SITE 41346.0346.029.0TL494IDRD16SITE 27342.9336.628.585-Oct-2007IMPORTANT NOTICETexas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries(TI)reserve the right to make corrections,modifications,enhancements, improvements,and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or 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2024年电工技术基础电子教案完整版一、教学内容1. 单一参数交流电路的特点2. 交流电路的复数表示法3. 交流电路的功率分析4. 谐振电路的特性5. 三相交流电路的计算与分析二、教学目标1. 理解并掌握交流电路的基本概念、原理及其分析方法。

2. 学会使用复数表示法进行交流电路的计算。

3. 掌握交流电路的功率计算及谐振电路的特性分析。

三、教学难点与重点1. 教学难点：交流电路的复数表示法及其应用、谐振电路的特性分析。

2. 教学重点：单一参数交流电路的特点、交流电路的功率计算、三相交流电路的计算与分析。

四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：多媒体教学设备、演示交流电路的实物模型。

2. 学具：电工技术基础教材、练习本、计算器。

五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示一个实践情景（如家庭电路的接入与使用），引发学生对交流电路的学习兴趣。

教学细节：介绍实践情景，提出问题，引导学生思考交流电路的特点。

2. 知识讲解：（1）单一参数交流电路的特点教学细节：讲解交流电压、电流的特点，通过示例进行说明。

（2）交流电路的复数表示法教学细节：引入复数概念，讲解复数表示法的原理及计算方法。

（3）交流电路的功率分析教学细节：讲解有功功率、无功功率和视在功率的定义，分析功率因数的意义。

（4）谐振电路的特性教学细节：介绍谐振电路的原理，分析谐振电路的特性。

（5）三相交流电路的计算与分析教学细节：讲解三相交流电路的基本概念，通过例题进行计算与分析。

3. 随堂练习：教学细节：针对每个知识点设计练习题，引导学生巩固所学内容。

4. 课堂小结：六、板书设计1. 主要知识点及关键公式。

2. 例题及解答过程。

3. 课堂练习题。

七、作业设计1. 作业题目：（1）计算单一参数交流电路的参数。

（2）利用复数表示法计算交流电路的参数。

（3）分析谐振电路的特性。

（4）计算并分析一个简单的三相交流电路。

2. 答案：（1）参数计算结果。

（2）复数表示法的计算过程。

（3）谐振电路的特性分析。

（完整）TL494CN逆变器编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（（完整）TL494CN逆变器）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为（完整）TL494CN逆变器的全部内容。

一市场上常见款式车载逆变器产品的主要指标输入电压：DC 10V～14。

5V；输出电压:AC 200V～220V±10％;输出频率：50Hz±5％；输出功率:70W ～150W；转换效率：大于85％；逆变工作频率：30kHz～50kHz.二常见车载逆变器产品的电路图及工作原理目前市场上销售量最大、最常见的车载逆变器的输出功率为70W－150W，逆变器电路中主要采用TL494或KA7500芯片为主的脉宽调制电路.一款最常见的车载逆变器电路原理图见图1.车载逆变器的整个电路大体上可分为两大部分，每部分各采用一只TL494或KA7500芯片组成控制电路,其中第一部分电路的作用是将汽车电瓶等提供的12V直流电，通过高频PWM （脉宽调制)开关电源技术转换成30kHz－50kHz、220V左右的交流电；第二部分电路的作用则是利用桥式整流、滤波、脉宽调制及开关功率输出等技术，将30kHz~50kHz、220V左右的交流电转换成50Hz、220V的交流电。

1.车载逆变器电路工作原理图1电路中，由芯片IC1及其外围电路、三极管VT1、VT3、MOS功率管VT2、VT4以及变压器T1组成12V直流变换为220V/50kHz交流的逆变电路。

由芯片IC2及其外围电路、三极管VT5、VT8、MOS功率管VT6、VT7、VT9、VT10以及220V/50kHz 整流、滤波电路VD5－VD8、C12等共同组成220V/50kHz高频交流电变换为220V/50Hz 工频交流电的转换电路，最后通过XAC插座输出220V/50Hz交流电供各种便携式电器使用.图1中IC1、IC2采用了TL494CN(或KA7500C)芯片,构成车载逆变器的核心控制电路.TL494CN是专用的双端式开关电源控制芯片，其尾缀字母CN表示芯片的封装外形为双列直插式塑封结构，工作温度范围为0℃-70℃，极限工作电源电压为7V~40V，最高工作频率为300kHz。

存档号：学号：毕业设计基于单片机的智能充电器的设计与制作系部专业名称电气自动化技术指导教师学生姓名石家庄铁路职业技术学院信息工程系2010级毕业设计（论文）总任务书自动化教研室2012年11月1日石家庄铁路职业技术学院信息工程系2009级毕业设计（论文）分任务书（硬件部分）自动化教研室2012年11月1日摘要本论文利用单片机设计了智能充电系统系统，实现了充电智能化功能。

系统由充电电路、控制电路，采样电路、显示电路、按键电路等五部分电路组成。

利用单片机INT0/INT1中断实现了矩阵按键的扫描和A/D信号数据的处理，并且采用12864液晶显示。

关键词：智能充电；液晶显示；AD转换2009级毕业设计（论文）分任务书（硬件部分）........................ I I 前言 (5)第1章总体设计 (6)1.1总体框图 (6)1.2软、硬件功能划分 (6)第2章系统硬件电路设计 (8)2.1STC12C5A60S2单片机引脚介绍 (8)2.2充电电路的设计 (10)2.3取样电路 (17)2.4显示电路 (17)2.5按键电路 (18)第3章元件清单 (19)第4章系统调试 (20)4.1充电电路调试 (20)4.2控制与显示的调试 (20)第5章毕业设计总结 (21)致谢 (22)参考文献 (23)附录 (24).................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

前言近年来，随着电子产品的广泛应用，可充电电池在人们生活中应用日益广泛。

当前，市面上有着各种各样的可充电电池，电池就离不开充电器，电池种类越来越多，充电器也越来越多，因此，未来充电器的发展方向，能兼容多种电池，并且可调节快慢充，有电压，电流，时间显示功能，缩短充电时间，提高充电效率。

可通过数字化控制去调节充电电压，并且可根据电池电量自动调节充电电流，保护电池。

TL494CN中文资料原理及应用技巧
1.TL494CN原理：
TL494CN是一款具有故障保护功能的双脉冲宽度调制（DPM）控制器。

它内部集成了一个5V基准电压源、误差放大器、三角波发生器、PWM比
较器、跟踪电源驱动器和故障保护电路等部件。

通过控制PWM输出的占空
比来调整输出电压和电流，以满足不同的电源控制需求。

2.TL494CN应用技巧：
(1)输入和输出：
(2)PWM控制：
(3)反馈控制：
在电源控制系统中，通过反馈电路将电源输出与参考电压进行比较，
以实现电源的稳定输出。

可以使用滤波电容和反馈电阻来调整反馈信号的
灵敏度和稳定性，确保电源输出的准确性和可靠性。

(4)故障保护：
(5)限流和限压：
在一些特殊应用中，需要对电源输出进行限流或限压控制。

可以通过
添加外部限流电路或限压电路来实现对电源输出的控制，以满足不同的应
用需求。

总结：
TL494CN是一款功能强大的PWM控制集成电路，广泛应用于电源控制
系统。

通过调整PWM输出的占空比来控制输出电压和电流，并具有故障保
护等多种功能。

在使用TL494CN进行设计时，需要进行输入和输出的合理选取、PWM控制的调节、反馈控制的实现以及故障保护和限流、限压功能的添加。

通过合理地应用TL494CN，可以实现高效、稳定和安全的电源控制系统。

2024年传感器原理与应用技术全书电子教案.一、教学内容本教案依据《2024年传感器原理与应用技术全书》第5章“传感器的工作原理及其应用”进行设计。

详细内容包括：5.1节传感器的基本概念；5.2节传感器的分类与特点；5.3节传感器的工作原理，重点讲解热敏、光敏、压电、磁电传感器的工作原理；5.4节传感器的应用领域。

二、教学目标1. 理解传感器的基本概念，掌握传感器的分类与特点。

2. 学会分析传感器的工作原理，尤其是热敏、光敏、压电、磁电传感器。

3. 能够运用所学知识，分析传感器的实际应用场景。

三、教学难点与重点教学难点：传感器工作原理的理解与应用。

教学重点：传感器的分类、特点及其工作原理。

四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：传感器实物模型、PPT、黑板、粉笔。

2. 学具：学习手册、笔记本、计算器。

五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示传感器实物模型，引发学生兴趣，提出问题，引入新课。

2. 新课导入：讲解传感器的基本概念、分类与特点，让学生对传感器有初步的认识。

3. 知识讲解：a. 热敏传感器：讲解热敏电阻的原理，通过例题进行讲解。

b. 光敏传感器：介绍光敏电阻、光敏晶体管等光敏元件，分析其工作原理。

c. 压电传感器：阐述压电效应，讲解压电传感器的应用。

d. 磁电传感器：介绍磁电效应，分析磁电传感器的原理与应用。

4. 随堂练习：针对每个知识点，设计相应的练习题，让学生巩固所学。

5. 应用分析：分析传感器在实际应用中的使用，如智能家居、工业生产等领域。

六、板书设计1. 板书左侧：传感器的分类、特点。

2. 板书右侧：四种传感器工作原理及其应用。

3. 板书中间：例题及解题过程。

七、作业设计1. 作业题目：a. 解释热敏传感器、光敏传感器、压电传感器、磁电传感器的工作原理。

2. 答案：八、课后反思及拓展延伸1. 反思：本节课学生对传感器的基本概念和工作原理掌握情况较好，但对应用场景分析不足，今后需加强此方面的教学。

2. 拓展延伸：引导学生了解新型传感器及其发展趋势，如物联网传感器、生物传感器等。