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Ansys workbench流体流动与传热优化通过这种实验可是实现网格考核、结构尺寸对目标函数的影响分析、参数的敏感性分析以及工况参数对目标函数的影响分析等，找到最优的网格尺寸、结构尺寸和操作工况。
下图为典型的ANSYS workbench优化分析的示意图：其中模块与模块之间的关联可以实现交换数据。
本文采用响应面优化的方法实现流体流动与传热的模拟优化。
1．几何模型的建立一．Geometry阶段采用solidworks建立几何模型（注意本机上一定要同时有ANSYS和solidworks）。
下图为建立几何模型的过程：为了简便采用简单的模型来验证本方法。
建立一个草图圆，然后智能尺寸标注，弹出尺寸修改窗，还有尺寸设置窗口。
在这里要设置实现参数化的几何尺寸关联接口。
方法为：在尺寸设置窗口的主要指那一栏的第一个参数前面手动加上一个”DS_”，同时在模型树里面把每一步的操作名改为英文的（注意避开一些敏感字母），以下都按此操作。
然后退出草图，拉伸凸台。
这里标注第二个尺寸：拉伸长度。
鼠标指针放到拉伸特征上，这是窗口出现草图出现拉伸的尺寸，蓝色的尺寸。
然后右击该尺寸，出现尺寸设置窗口，修改主要指加上“DS_”。
至此，几何模型的创建结束，保持文档。
回到ansys workbench界面，geometry后面打上了对号，提示已经完成。
双击geometry启动DM工具。
导入刚刚创建的模型，出现导入对话框，里面有很多设置项，这里采用默认设置，点击generate按钮导入创建的几何模型。
可以看到属性里已经出现修改过的参数化尺寸。
显示两个paremeters，前面的框点击出现P表示设置成参数书尺寸了。
关闭DM，回到workbench界面。
二．Meshing阶段点击mesh启动meshing设置边界：点击geometry，然后右键选择create named selection创建边界：网格部分的控制点击mesh,在下方出现设置框。
ANSYS FLUENT Meshing Text Command List Release 14.5ANSYS, Inc.October 2012Southpointe275 Technology Drive Canonsburg, PA 15317ANSYS, Inc. is certified to ISO 9001:2008.ansysinfo@(T) 724-746-3304(F) 724-514-9494Copyright and Trademark Information© 2012 SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use, distribution or duplication is prohibited.ANSYS, ANSYS Workbench, Ansoft, AUTODYN, EKM, Engineering Knowledge Manager, CFX, FLUENT, HFSS and any and all ANSYS, Inc. brand, product, service and feature names, logos and slogans are registered trademarks or trademarks of ANSYS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. ICEM CFD is a trademark used by ANSYS, Inc. under license. CFX is a trademark of Sony Corporation in Japan. All other brand, product, serviceand feature names or trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Disclaimer NoticeTHIS ANSYS SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION INCLUDE TRADE SECRETS AND ARE CONFID-ENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PRODUCTS OF ANSYS, INC., ITS SUBSIDIARIES, OR LICENSORS.The software productsand documentation are furnished by ANSYS, Inc., its subsidiaries, or affiliates under a software license agreement that contains provisions concerning non-disclosure, copying, length and nature of use, compliance with exporting laws, warranties, disclaimers, limitations of liability, and remedies, and other provisions.The software productsand documentation may be used, disclosed, transferred, or copied only in accordance with the terms and conditions of that software license agreement.ANSYS, Inc. is certified to ISO 9001:2008.U.S. Government RightsFor U.S. Government users, except as specifically granted by the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreement, the use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions stated in the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreement and FAR 12.212 (for non-DOD licenses).Third-Party SoftwareSee the legal information in the product help files for the complete Legal Notice for ANSYS proprietary software and third-party software. If you are unable to access the Legal Notice, please contact ANSYS, Inc.Published in the U.S.A.Table of Contents1.Text Menu System (1)2. boundary/ (3)3. display/ (23)4. exit (39)5. file/ (41)6. material-point/ (47)7. mesh/ (49)8. objects/ (75)9. parallel/ (79)10. report/ (81)11. size-functions/ (83)12. switch-to-solution-mode (85)iiiRelease 14.5 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.Release 14.5 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information ivof ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.Chapter 1:Text Menu SystemThe TGrid user interface consists of a textual command line reference.The text user interface (TUI) is written in a dialect of Lisp called Scheme. Users familiar with Scheme will be able to use the interpretive capabilities of the interface to create customized commands.The text menu system provides a hierarchical interface to the underlying procedural interface of the program.•You can easily manipulate its operation with standard text-based tools—input can be saved in files,modified using text editors, and read back in to be executed, because it is text based.•The text menu system is tightly integrated with the Scheme extension language, so it can easily be pro-grammed to provide sophisticated control and customized functionality.The menu system structure is similar to the directory tree structure of UNIX operating systems.When you first start TGrid you are in the “root" menu and the menu prompt is simply a caret:>To generate a listing of the submenus and commands in the current menu, press Enter .>boundary/ exit mesh/display/ file/ report/By convention, submenu names end with a / to differentiate them from menu commands.To execute a command, type its name (or an abbreviation). Similarly, to move down into a submenu, enter its name or an abbreviation.When you move into the submenu, the prompt will change to reflect the current menu name.> display/display > set/display/set >To move back to the previously occupied menu, type q or quit at the prompt./display/set > q/display >You can move directly to a menu by giving its full pathname./display > /file/display//file >In the above example, control was passed from /display to /file without stopping in the root menu.Therefore, when you quit from the /file menu, control will be passed directly back to /dis-play .1Release 14.5 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.Text Menu System/display//file > q/display >If you execute a command without stopping in any of the menus along the way, control will again be returned to the menu from which you invoked the command./display > /file start-journal jrnlOpening input journal to file "jrnl"./display >Release 14.5 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential informationof ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.2Chapter 2: boundary/auto-slit-facesslits all boundary faces with cells on both sides (these cells must be in the same cell zone). A displacement can be specified to provide thickness to the boundary.boundary-conditions/contains options for copying or clearing boundary conditions when a case file is read.clearclears the boundary conditions assigned to the specified face zones.clear-allclears the boundary conditions assigned to all the face zones.copyallows you to copy the boundary conditions from the face zone selected to the face zones specified.check-boundary-meshreports the number of Delaunay violations on the triangular surface mesh and the number of isolated nodes.check-duplicate-geomdisplays the names of the duplicate surfaces and prints maximum and average distance between them.clear-marked-facesclears marked faces.clear-marked-nodesclears nodes that were marked using the mark-duplicate-nodes command.compute-bounding-boxcomputes the bounding box for the zones specified.count-free-nodesreports the number of boundary nodes associated with edges having only one attached face.count-marked-facesreports the number of marked faces.count-unused-bound-nodecounts the unused boundary nodes in the domain.count-unused-faceslists the number of boundary faces that are not used by any cell.count-unused-nodes lists the number of boundary nodes that are not used by any cell.3Release 14.5 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.boundary/create-bounding-boxallows you to create the bounding box for the specified zones.create-cylinderallows you to create a cylinder by specifying the two axis end nodes or positions, by specifying three points on the arc defining the cylinder, or by specifying three points on the arc defining the cylinder and a height node.create-plane-surfaceallows you to create a plane surface by specifying either the axis direction, axial location, and the extents of the surface or three points defining the plane.create-swept-surfaceallows you to create a surface by sweeping the specified edge in the direction specified.delete-all-dup-facessearches for faces on all boundary zones that have the same nodes and deletes the duplicates.delete-duplicate-facessearches for faces on a specified zone that have the same nodes and deletes the duplicates.Duplicate faces may be present if you generated the boundary mesh using a third-party grid gener-ator, or if you have used the slit-boundary-face command to modify the boundary meshand then merged the nodes.delete-free-edge-facesallows you to remove faces with the specified number of free edges from the specified boundary zones. delete-island-facesallows you to delete faces in a non-contiguous region of a face zone.delete-unconnected-facesallows you to delete the unconnected face-zones.delete-unused-facesdeletes all the boundary faces that are not used by any cell.delete-unused-nodesdeletes the boundary nodes that are not used by any boundary faces.edge-limitsprints the length of the shortest and longest edges on the boundary.This information is useful for setting initial mesh parameters and refinement controls.face-distributionreports the distribution of face quality in the text window.face-skewnesslists the worst face skewness.feature/allows you to create and modify features.copy-edge-zonescopies the specified edge zone(s) to new edge zone(s).Release 14.5 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information4of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.create-edge-zonesextracts edge loops for the specified face zone(s) based on the feature method specified.You also need to specify an appropriate value for feature angle when using the fixed-angle method.NoteThe Face Seed approach cannot be used when creating edge loops using text com-mands.delete-edge-zonesdeletes the specified edge zone(s)edge-size-limitsreports the minimum, maximum, and average edge length for the specified edge zone(s) in the console.groupassociates the specified edge zone(s) with the specified face zone.intersect-edge-zonesintersects the specified edge loops to create a new edge loop comprising the common edges.You can enable automatic deleting of overlapped edges and specify an appropriate intersection tolerance.list-edge-zoneslists the name, ID, type, and count for the specified edge zone(s).merge-edge-zonesmerges multiple edge loops of the same type into a single loop.orient-edge-directionorients the edges on the loop to point in the same direction.project-edge-zonesprojects the edges of the specified loop onto the specified face zone using the specified projection method.remesh-edge-zonesremeshes the specified edge loop(s), modifying the node distribution according to the specified remeshing method, spacing values, and feature angle.You can also enable quadratic reconstruction,if required.reverse-edge-directionreverses the direction of the edge loop.separate-delete-small-edgesseparates the edge zones based on the feature angle specified, and then deletes the edges having a count smaller than the minimum count specified.separate-edge-zonesseparates the specified edge loop based on connectivity and the specified feature angle.toggle-edge-type toggles the edge type between boundary and interior.5Release 14.5 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.boundary/ungroupungroups previously grouped edge zones.fix-mconnected-edgesresolves multi-connected edges/non-manifold configurations in the boundary mesh by deleting fringes and overlaps based on threshold values specified.improve/allows you to improve boundary surfaces.collapse-bad-facesallows you to collapse the short edge of faces having a high aspect ratio or skewness in the specified face zone(s).degree-swapallows you to improve the boundary mesh by swapping edges based on a node degree value other than 6.The node degree is defined as the number of edges connected to the node.improveallows you to improve the boundary surface quality using skewness, size change, aspect ratio, orarea as the quality measure.smoothallows you to improve the boundary surface using smoothing.swapallows you to improve the boundary surface using edge swapping.jiggle-boundary-nodesrandomly perturbs all boundary nodes based on an input tolerance. Some nodes will be perturbed less than the tolerance value, while others will be perturbed by half of the tolerance value in all three co-ordinate directions.make-periodicprompts first for the type of periodicity and then, if rotational, the angle and axis of rotation, or, iftranslational, the translational shift. Specify the boundary zones to be made periodic. A corresponding periodic shadow boundary zone will be created for each of these zones.manage/contains options for manipulating the boundary zones.auto-delete-nodes?specifies whether or not unused nodes should be deleted when their face zone is deleted.change-prefixallows you to change the prefix for the specified face zones.copycopies all nodes and faces of the specified face zone(s).createcreates a new face zone.deletedeletes the face zone.Release 14.5 - © SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information6of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.flipreverses the normal direction of the specified boundary zone(s).idspecifies a new boundary zone ID. If there is a conflict, the change will be ignored.listprints information about all boundary zones.mergemerge face zones.namegives a face zone a new name.orientconsistently orients the faces in the specified zones.originspecifies a new origin for the mesh, to be used for face zone rotation and for periodic zone creation.The default origin is (0,0,0).rotaterotates all nodes of the specified face zone(s).scalescales all nodes of the specified face zone(s).translatetranslates all nodes of the specified face zone(s).typechanges the boundary type and name of the face zone.user-defined-groupsallows you to manipulate user-defined groups.activateactivates the specified user-defined groups.createcreates the user-defined group comprising the specified zones.deletedeletes the specified user-defined group.listlists the groups in the console.updateallows you to modify an existing group.boundary/mark-duplicate-nodesmarks duplicate nodes.The marked nodes will appear in the grid display when nodes are displayed. Fora list of duplicate nodes, set the /report/verbosity level to 2 before using the mark-duplicate-nodes command.mark-face-intersectionmarks intersecting faces. Intersection is detected if the line defined by any two consecutive nodes on a face intersects any face in the current domain.The marked faces will appear in the grid display when faces are displayed. For a list of intersecting faces, set the /report/verbosity level to 2 before using the mark-face-intersection command.mark-face-proximitymarks faces that are in proximity to each other.Face A is considered to be in proximity to face B if any of the nodes on face A are within the calcu-lated proximity distance from face B.The proximity distance is calculated based on the specifiedrelative distance and the sphere radius.The sphere radius is determined by the maximum distance from the centroid of the face to its nodes.The marked faces will appear in the grid display whenfaces are displayed.For a list of faces in proximity to each other, set the/report/verbosity level to 2 before using the mark-face-proximity command.mark-faces-in-regionmarks the faces that are contained in a specified local refinement region.merge-nodesmerges duplicate nodes.merge-small-face-zonesmerges the face zones having area less than the minimum area.modify/discusses the commands used to modify the boundary mesh.analyze-bnd-connectvtyfinds and marks free edges and nodes and multiply-connected edges and nodes.This process isnecessary if the boundary mesh has been changed with Scheme functions.auto-redisplaytoggles the automatic redisplay of the modified mesh.clear-selectionsclears all selections.clear-skew-facesclears faces that were marked using the mark-skew-face command.collapsecollapses pairs of nodes, edge(s), or face(s). If a pair of nodes is selected, both the nodes are deleted and a new node is created at the midpoint of the two nodes. If a triangular face is selected, thecomplete face is collapsed into a single node at the centroid of the face.Save the boundary mesh before performing this operation because collapsing is not reversible(i.e., you cannot undo a collapse operation).createcreates a boundary face if the selection list contains 3 nodes and an optional zone. If the selection list contains positions, then nodes are created.create-mid-nodecreates a node at the midpoint between two selected nodes.deletedeletes all selected faces and nodes.delta-moveallows you to move the selected node by specified magnitude.deselect-lastremoves the last selection from the selection list.hole-feature-angleallows you to specify the feature angle for consideration of holes in the geometry.list-selectionslists all of the selected objects.mark-skew-facemarks faces that should be skipped when the worst skewed face is reported using the ModifyBoundary dialog box.This allows you to search for the next skewed face.mergemerges pairs of nodes.The first node selected is retained, and the second is the duplicate that is merged.movemoves the selected node to the selected position if the selection list contains a node and a position. next-skewfinds the triangular face of nearest lower skewness value than that of the worst skewed face.The face ID, its skewness, the longest edge ID, and the node ID opposite to the longest edge are displayed in the console.repairrepairs the selected zone(s) by filling all holes associated with free edges.rezonemoves the selected faces from their current zone into the selected zone, if the selection list containsa zone and one or more faces.select-entityallows you to add a cell, face, or node to the selection list by entering the name of the entity.select-filterselects a filter.The possible filters are off,cell,face,edge,node,zone, and position. If off is chosen, then when a selection is made, it is first checked to see if it is a cell, then a face, an edge,boundary/and so on.When the node filter is used, and if a cell or face is selected, the node closest to the se-lection point is picked.Thus, the nodes do not have to be displayed, to be picked.select-positionallows you to add a position to the selection list by entering the coordinates of the position.select-probeselects the probe function.The possible functions are:•box enables the selection of a group of entities within a box, to be used in conjunction withboundary modification functions.•label prints the selection label in the graphics window•off disables the mouse probes.•polygon enables the selection of a group of entities within a polygonal region, to be used inconjunction with boundary modification functions.•print prints the information on the selection in the console window.•select adds the selection to the selection listselect-zoneallows you to add a zone to the selection list by entering the zone name or ID.show-filtershows the current filter.show-probeshows the current probe function.skewfinds the face with the highest (worst) skewness, selects it in the graphics window, and reports itsskewness and zone ID in the console window.skew-report-zoneallows you to select the zone for which you want to report the skewness.You can either specifyzone name or zone ID.smoothuses Laplace smoothing to modify the position of the nodes in the selection list. It moves the selected node to a position computed from an average of its node neighbors.The new position is an average of the neighboring node coordinates and is not reprojected to the discrete surface.split-facesplits two selected faces into four faces.swapswaps boundary edges (of triangular faces) if the selection list contains edges.undoundoes the previous operation.When an operation is performed, the reverse operation is stored on the undo stack. For example, a create operation places a delete on the stack, and a delete adds acreate operation.The only exception is merge, which cannot be undone.Theoretically if no merge operations areperformed, you could undo all previous operations. In reality, certain sequences of operationsare not reversible.The undo operation requires that the name of the object exist when the action is undone. Ifthe name does not exist, then the undo will fail.You can undo the last few operations, but ifmany operations are being performed it is recommended that you also save the mesh periodically,particularly before merge operations.orient-faces-by-pointorients the normals based on the specified material point.print-infoprints information about the grid in the text window.project-face-zoneallows nodes on a selected face zone to be projected onto a target face zone. Projection can be performed based on normal direction, closest point, or specified direction.refine/discusses the commands used to refine the boundary mesh.auto-refineautomatically refines a face zone based on proximity.The original face zone is treated as a background mesh. Faces are refined by multiple face splitting passes, so that no face is in close proximity to anyface in the current domain.clearclears all refinement marks from all boundary faces.countcounts the number of faces marked on each boundary zone.limitsprints a report of the minimum and maximum size of each specified zone.This report will also tellyou how many faces on each zone have been marked for refinement.local-regionsenters the local refinement menu.definedefines the refinement region according to the specified parameters.deletedeletes the specified region.initcreates a region encompassing the entire geometry.list-all-regionslists all the refinement regions in the console.markmarks the faces for refinement.boundary/refinerefines the marked faces.remesh/has a set of commands that allows you to remesh the face zones.clear-marked-facesclears the highlighting of the triangles that are marked.controls/enters the edge loop tools text menu.delete-overlapped?toggles the deletion of region of overlap of the two surfaces.directionspecifies the direction of the edge loop projection.intersect/enters the intersect control menu.absolute-tolerance?allows you to switch between the use of absolute and relative tolerance. By default, the rel-ative tolerance value is used.delete-overlap?enables/disables the deletion of overlapped edges. It toggles the automatic deletion of regionof overlap of the two surfaces.This option is used by while remeshing overlapping zonesand retriangulating prisms. By default, this option is enabled.feature-angleallows you to specify the minimum feature angle that should be considered while retriangu-lating the boundary zones.join-match-anglespecifies the allowed maximum angle between the normals of the two overlapping surfacesto be joined.This parameter is used to control the size of the join region.refine-region?allows you to refine the regions that are modified during the intersect operations. It togglesthe refinement of the intersecting regions after performing any of the intersection operation.This operation improves the quality of the resulting mesh, however, this option is disabledby default.retri-improve?allows you to improve the mesh. After performing any intersection operation, the slivers areremoved along the curve of intersection, Laplace smoothing is performed, and followed bythe edge swapping. Laplace smoothing is also performed for insert-edge-zone,remesh-overlapped-zones, and prism-retriangulation options. Smoothing is performedagain.The smooth-swap operations can be controlled by changing the various defaults suchas swapping iterations, smoothing iterations, etc.separate?toggles the automatic separation of intersected zones.stitch-preserve?indicates that the geometry and location of the intersect zone (the zone in the left GUI zonelist) is to be preserved.This option is enabled by default.toleranceallows you to specify the tolerance value.within-tolerance?performs the intersection operation only within the specified tolerance value. It is useful onlyfor the Intersect option.project-methodspecifies the method for projecting edge loops.proximity-local-search?includes the selected face for proximity calculation.quadratic-recon?enables/disables quadratic reconstruction of edge loops.remesh-methodspecifies the method to be used for the node distribution on the edge loop.spacingsets the node spacing for the edge loop.tolerancesets the tolerance for determining if two edges intersect.create-all-intrst-loopscreates edge loop of intersection for all boundary zones in current domain.create-edge-loopscreates edge loops for a specified face zone, based on feature angle.create-intersect-loopcreates an interior edge loop at the intersection between two adjacent face zones. Edges created in this way will not be remeshed by default.create-join-loopcreates edge loop on boundary of the region of overlap of two surfaces.create-stitch-loopcreates edge loops for connecting two surfaces along their free edges.delete-overlapped-edgesdeletes edges that overlap selected edge loops.faceted-stitch-zonesallows you to perform the faceted stitching of zones.boundary/insert-edge-zoneallows you to insert an edge zone into a triangulated boundary face zone.intersect-all-face-zonesallows you to intersect all the face zones.intersect-face-zonesremeshes two intersecting face zones so that they become conformal.join-all-face-zonesallows you to join all face zones.join-face-zonesallows you to connect two overlapping faces.mark-intersecting-faceshighlights the triangles in the neighborhood of the line of intersection.mark-join-faceshighlights the triangles in the neighborhood of the join edge loop.mark-stitch-faceshighlights the triangles in the neighborhood of the stitch edge loop.remesh-face-zoneremeshes a specified face zone by automatically extracting edge loops. If edge loops are present in the current domain (e.g., if they were created using the create-edge-loops command), they are used to remesh the specified face zone.remesh-overlapping-zonesremeshes overlapping face zones.The non-overlapping region is remeshed using the edge loops created from the overlapping face zones.size-functionsenters the size functions menu where you can define size functions for controlling mesh size distri-bution.createdefines the size function based on the specified parameters.create-defaultscreates default size functions based on face and edge curvature and proximity.deletedeletes the specified size function.delete-alldeletes all the defined size functions.listlists all the defined size functions and the parameter values defined.resetallows you to reset the size function background grid in order to have the mesh distribution re-computed based on all defined size functions.。
ANSYS 14.5功能亮点ANSYS 14.5 提供大量全新的先进功能，有助于更好地掌握设计情况从而提升产品性能和完整性。
将ANSYS 14.5的新功能与ANSYS Workbench相结合，可以实现更加深入和广泛的物理场研究，并通过扩展满足客户不断变化的需求。
ANSYS 14.5 采用的平台可以精确地简化各种仿真应用的工作流程。
同时，ANSYS 14.5 提供多种关键的多物理场解决方案、前处理和网格剖分强化功能，以及一种全新的参数化高性能计算（HPC）许可模式，可以使设计探索工作更具扩展性。
复杂3D复合材料型材复杂3D复合材料型材您可以轻松利用复杂几何形状创建3D层叠复合材料，然后方便地将这些模型与整体装配中的非复合材料部件进行组合。
ANSYS Mechanical能够根据ANSYS Composite PrepPost提供的复合材料进行进一步分析；在显式动力学方面，可利用Composite PrepPost创建复合材料模型。
在Mechanical中，您可以将多个来自Composite PrepPost和Mechanical的模型进行组合；随后在Composite PrepPost中完成后处理。
View larger image Compositespressure vessel with titanium capsView larger imageView largerimage复合材料压力容器上的全局应力结果View larger imageView largerimage使用钛合金封盖的复合材料压力容器流程定制您可以使用客户化应用工具套件（ACT）在Mechanical环境中自己创建载荷、边界条件或结果，并在用户友好环境中显示已有的脚本。
您的工作组可以利用Mechanical环境将内部解决方案整合到仿真工作流程中。
裂纹建模ANSYS 14.5推出一种易于使用的裂纹建模工具，可用于计算应力强度因子、能量释放率和J 积分等裂纹特性。
基于EMMS方法的鼓泡塔反应器CFD及群平衡模拟王珏;杨宁【摘要】The energy-minimization multi-scale (EMMS) model has been introduced to improve the population balance modeling (PBM) of gas-liquid flows. The energy for bubble breakup and coalescence can be obtained from the EMMS model and then used to derive a correction factor for the coalescence rate. This new model is applied in this study to simulate the bubble columns of high flow rates. Simulations using the three different models, namely, the constant-bubble-size model, the CFD-PBM model and the CFD-PBM-EMMS model, are compared with experimental data. The simulation of CFD-PBM-EMMS gives better prediction for bubble size distribution and liquid axial velocity at different heights as well as the overall and local gas holdup. The relative error of global gas holdup reduces to 5% or 15%, and the mean relative error of local gas holdup reduces to 8% or 17% for 0.16 m·s-1 or 0.25 m·s-1 of superficial gas velocity.%能量最小多尺度(energy-minimization multi-scale,EMMS)方法已经被应用于气液体系中群平衡(population balance model,PBM)模型的改进.EMMS模型可计算气泡破碎聚并过程的能量,进而获得聚并速率的修正因子.应用这一模型对高气速鼓泡塔进行了模拟计算,并进一步对比了均一尺径模型、CFD-PBM模型以及CFD-PBM-EMMS模型的模拟结果与实验数据.结果表明,在高表观气速条件下,基于EMMS方法的群平衡模型可以更加准确地预测鼓泡塔中不同高度的气泡尺径分布和轴向液速,同时提高了对整体气含率和局部气含率的模拟准确性.在表观气速为0.16 m·s-1和0.25 m·s-1时,CFD-PBM-EMMS模型对气泡尺径分布的预测精度更高,同时整体气含率模拟的相对误差下降为5%和15%,局部气含率模拟平均相对误差下降为8%和17%.【期刊名称】《化工学报》【年(卷),期】2017(068)007【总页数】11页(P2667-2677)【关键词】计算流体力学;群平衡模型;鼓泡塔;气含率;气泡尺径分布【作者】王珏;杨宁【作者单位】中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室,北京100190;中国科学院大学,北京 100049;中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室,北京 100190【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ021.1鼓泡塔反应器具有结构简单、操作简便、良好的传热传质效率等优点，被广泛应用于化学工程、生物工程、石油工程等领域[1]。
Ansys workbench流体流动与传热优化通过这种实验可是实现网格考核、结构尺寸对目标函数的影响分析、参数的敏感性分析以及工况参数对目标函数的影响分析等，找到最优的网格尺寸、结构尺寸和操作工况。
下图为典型的ANSYS workbench优化分析的示意图：其中模块与模块之间的关联可以实现交换数据。
本文采用响应面优化的方法实现流体流动与传热的模拟优化。
1．几何模型的建立一．Geometry阶段采用solidworks建立几何模型（注意本机上一定要同时有ANSYS和solidworks）。
下图为建立几何模型的过程：为了简便采用简单的模型来验证本方法。
建立一个草图圆，然后智能尺寸标注，弹出尺寸修改窗，还有尺寸设置窗口。
在这里要设置实现参数化的几何尺寸关联接口。
方法为：在尺寸设置窗口的主要指那一栏的第一个参数前面手动加上一个”DS_”，同时在模型树里面把每一步的操作名改为英文的（注意避开一些敏感字母），以下都按此操作。
然后退出草图，拉伸凸台。
这里标注第二个尺寸：拉伸长度。
鼠标指针放到拉伸特征上，这是窗口出现草图出现拉伸的尺寸，蓝色的尺寸。
然后右击该尺寸，出现尺寸设置窗口，修改主要指加上“DS_”。
至此，几何模型的创建结束，保持文档。
回到ansys workbench界面，geometry后面打上了对号，提示已经完成。
双击geometry启动DM工具。
导入刚刚创建的模型，出现导入对话框，里面有很多设置项，这里采用默认设置，点击generate按钮导入创建的几何模型。
可以看到属性里已经出现修改过的参数化尺寸。
显示两个paremeters，前面的框点击出现P表示设置成参数书尺寸了。
关闭DM，回到workbench界面。
二．Meshing阶段点击mesh启动meshing设置边界：点击geometry，然后右键选择create named selection创建边界：网格部分的控制点击mesh,在下方出现设置框。
通讯作者：马庆东，２０１３年毕业于东北石油大学油气储运专业，现在大庆油田有限责任公司第九采油厂从事给水排水研究工作。
通信地址：大庆市让胡路区阳光嘉城Ｄ１１ ３ ３０２，１６３０００。
Ｅ ｍａｉｌ：１０３１２５６３２１＠ｑｑ．ｃｏｍ。
ＤＯＩ：１０．３９６９／ｊ．ｉｓｓｎ．１００５ ３１５８．２０２４．０１．００６基于ＣＦＤ ＰＢＭ含油污水沉降实验装置的数值模拟马庆东（大庆油田责任有限公司第九采油厂）摘 要 沉降是目前油田含油污水处理过程中重要处理方法之一，而含油污水的油水分离特性是影响油田含油污水沉降处理工艺效率的关键因素。
文章设计并搭建了含油污水沉降实验装置，对装置中含油污水沉降分离过程进行ＣＦＤ ＰＢＭ数值模拟。
首先运用实验验证模拟方法的可靠性，然后分析了不同油水相黏度、配液含油量和温度对含油污水沉降过程的影响，获得了含油污水在沉降装置中的沉降分离特性：当其他条件一定时，含油污水静置沉降过程中，油水相黏度越小，配液含油量越大，温度越高，含油污水沉降分离速度越快，油滴更容易从含油污水中快速分离出来上浮至顶部，表现出良好的油水分离效果。
研究结果可为油田含油污水沉降实验研究及沉降处理工艺的运行提供一定的理论支持。
关键词 含油污水；沉降；分离特性；ＰＢＭ模型；数值模拟中图分类号：Ｘ５０５；ＴＥ９９１ 文献标识码：Ａ 文章编号：１００５ ３１５８（２０２４）０１ ００２４ ０６犖狌犿犲狉犻犮犪犾犛犻犿狌犾犪狋犻狅狀狅犳犗犻犾狔犛犲狑犪犵犲犛犲狋狋犾犲犿犲狀狋犈狓狆犲狉犻犿犲狀狋犪犾犇犲狏犻犮犲犅犪狊犲犱狅狀犆犉犇 犘犅犕ＭａＱｉｎｇｄｏｎｇ（犜犺犲犖犻狀狋犺犗犻犾犘狉狅犱狌犮狋犻狅狀犘犾犪狀狋狅犳犇犪狇犻狀犵犗犻犾犳犻犲犾犱犆狅．，犔狋犱．）犃犅犛犜犚犃犆犜 Ｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｉｎｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｏｉｌｆｉｅｌｄｓ．ａｎｄｔｈｅｏｉｌ ｗａｔｅｒｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｏｆｏｉｌｙｗａｓｔｈｅｋｅｙｆａｃｔｏｒａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ．Ａｎｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｄｅｖｉｃｅｆｏｒｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔｗａｓｄｅｓｉｇｎｅｄａｎｄｂｕｉｌｔｉｎｔｈｉｓｓｔｕｄｙ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅｗａｓｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｌｙｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄｂｙＣＦＤ ＰＢＭｉｎｔｈｅｄｅｖｉｃｅ．Ｆｉｒｓｔｌｙ，ｔｈｅｒｅｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｗａｓｖａｌｉｄａｔｅｄｂｙｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｖｉｓｃｏｓｉｔｙｏｆｏｉｌ ｗａｔｅｒｐｈａｓｅ，ｏｉｌｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｌｉｑｕｉｄ，ａｎｄｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｏｎｔｈｅｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅｗｅｒｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔｄｅｖｉｃｅｗｅｒｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄ．Ｗｈｅｎｏｔｈｅｒｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｗｅｒｅｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｔａｔｉｃｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅ，ｔｈｅｌｏｗｅｒｖｉｓｃｏｓｉｔｙｏｆｏｉｌ ｗａｔｅｒｐｈａｓｅｗａｓ，ｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｒｏｉｌｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｌｉｑｕｉｄｗａｓ，ｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｒｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｗａｓ，ｔｈｅｆａｓｔｅｒｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｓｐｅｅｄｏｆｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅｗａｓ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｅａｓｉｅｒｔｈｅｏｉｌｄｒｏｐｌｅｔｓｗｅｒｅｔｏｑｕｉｃｋｌｙｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅａｎｄｆｌｏａｔｔｏｔｈｅｔｏｐ，ｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｉｎｇａｇｒｅａｔｏｉｌ ｗａｔｅｒｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｅｆｆｅｃｔ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｃｏｕｌｄｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｓｏｍｅｔｈｅｏｒｅｔｉｃａｌｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｏｉｌｆｉｅｌｄ．犓犈犢犠犗犚犇犛 ｏｉｌｙｓｅｗａｇｅ；ｓｅｔｔｌｅｍｅｎｔ；ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃ；ＰＢＭｍｏｄｅｌ；ｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ０ 引 言随着油田的开采，国内绝大多数油田已进入中高含水阶段，油田采出液经过联合站处理后产生了大量的含油污水，同时含油污水的物性也变得更为复杂，导致油水分离愈加困难，因此，进行含油污水沉降分离特性研究对于掌握含油污水的沉降分离规律、提高含油污水处理工艺效率至关重要［１］。
