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植物种子传播的方式（The way plants propagate seeds）The way plants propagate seedsAnemophily (Pu Gongying) 3 (pollen) water (Jin Yuzao). There is also an explosion of its own (beans). Human propagation, animal carrying (Cang Er),Do you know the secret of spring: flying catkins flying? Catch a catkins look carefully, will find some small particles, it is the seeds of willow, willow catkins flying is to rely on the seeds spread far away home. There are also seeds of poplars and dandelions.Take a look at this plant belonging to the gourd family and have a small melon with a burr". When the melon is ripe, slightly touched the melon will fall, and the guane seeds together with mucous ejected from the top, a range of up to five meters away, how magical it ecballium was named.You may have seen the Xanthium sibiricum, and every autumn, when its fruit is ripe, you will find the opportunity to hook it up on the person or animal that touches it and take the opportunity to travel. Oexamine will find its bristle tipped with barbs, imperceptibly you have seed spread its obligations.Throw some plants by mechanical means of seed spread out, Oxalis is one example. It is a very common wild weeds, small yellow flowers or small flowers, flowers after the knot with five edges of the capsule, when ripe fruit along loculicidal, shell curled,seed will pop up.Bomb Impatiens can also play the fruit cracking than Shamrock throw too strong, the bullet to the Quartet, tooAnother example of mechanical dispersal of seeds.How do plants propagate seeds?When fruits and seeds are mature, plants generally rely on wind, water, and animals.Seeds or fruits that are carried by the wind are very light in structure. For example, rounded wings and maple elm around the fruit wings of the wings, to adapt to the spread of wind. Dandelion achenes very small, long crested top, like a parachute, when mature, as long as the wind will fly far away, "settle down".Certain activities of human beings and animals often help plants to spread seeds intentionally or unintentionally. For example: Bidens pilosa, Xanthium sibiricum and other plant seeds on a hook or thorn, can hook in animal fur and people's clothes, was taken away. Some birds often eat some fruit plants, these plants the seed coat is hard, not easy to be digested, so when the bird defecation will, with seed, germinate and grow up in a new place.Water flow is also a way of transmitting seeds and fruits. After heavy rains, many fruits and seeds are often washed elsewhere. Not afraid of coconut water immersion, and floating, it canacross the sea, so the growth of coconut in the tropical islands and coasts.Other plants spread seeds by their own special functions, such as pods that crack themselves when they mature and shoot seeds out. Such a way is known as auto propagation.Most of the seed plants are relying on seed breeding. The way seeds are transmitted, according to the literature, has many different classifications, and can be broadly divided into the following four ways: Animal transmission, wind propagation, water transmission, and self propagation!Here are some examples:1 animal transmission(1) birds propagate seeds that are transmitted by birds, mostly fleshy fruits, such as berries, drupes, and flowers. Lauraceae and Ficus species of birds favorite foods, birds of Lauraceae seed after seed spit. According to the results of this study, scholars speculate that the seeds of birds through the seeds of the plant is a relatively advanced group, because the birds spread the distance of the seeds is the farthest in all ways.(2) ants, which spread ants on seed dispersal, usually act as the two propagator. Some birds feeding seeds, but not all consume all the nutrients, the seeds that fall on the ground on the surface there are some remnants of nutrient for ants feeding on a second-hand spread this time are ants.(3) mammalian transmission of mammals, most of which belong to some medium, large fleshy fruits or nuts. Generally speaking, mammals are large in size and require large amounts of food, so they choose large fruits. For example: Fagaceae seeds mainly rely on rodent animal to spread; Taiwan and Taiwan enjoy feeding monkeys hair persimmon banana fruit, also help these plants spread(4) certain activities of human beings and animals often help plants to spread seeds intentionally or unintentionally. For example: Bidens pilosa, Xanthium sibiricum and other plant seeds on a hook or thorn, can hook in animal fur and people's clothes, was taken away. Salicaceae in poplar by Yang Xu spread the seeds of poplar infructescence will be ripe, fruit cracking Yang Xu flies away on the street, Yang Xu spread can cause environmental pollution, therefore, should be a male poplar trees, not a female poplar.2 winds propagationSome seeds will grow wings or shapes such as feathery appendages, fly with the wind. In Taipei botanical garden winged seeds contain Qingfeng, India rosewood and many gymnosperms; having feathery appendages are mostly herbaceous plant seeds. In addition, some small seeds, which have a relatively large proportion of surface area to weight, can therefore be seeded with the wind.Compositae achenes mature dandelion, pappus, like a parachute, flapping in the wind, the seeds spread far away.3 water transmissionWater flow is also a way of transmitting seeds and fruits. After heavy rains, many fruits and seeds are often washed elsewhere. Not afraid of coconut water immersion, and floating, it can across the sea, so the growth of coconut in the tropical islands and coasts.4 autologous transmissionSome plants rely on mechanical seed spread out, Oxalis is one example, it is a very common wild weeds, small yellow flowers, flowers after the knot with five edges of the capsule, when ripe fruit along loculicidal, seed shell curling pop, projectile to the distant. The fruit of the Impatiens flower can crack and stretch the seeds to the four directions. This is another example of mechanical dispersal of seeds.How do plants propagate seeds?Plant pollination is divided into two kinds, with pollination and cross pollination; which is mainly by cross pollination insects carry pollen, called anthophilous pollen; depend on wind power transmission, anemophilous flower.Common methods of plant dispersal:Salix rootDo you know the secret of the spring catkins flying? Catch a catkin, careful observation will find some small particles, itis the seeds of willow, willow catkins flying by the seeds spread far away.PoplarSalicaceae in poplar by Yang Xu seed dispersal, see the infructescence image of poplar to mature fruit cracking Yang Xu is flying around the street, Yang Xu spread can cause environmental pollution, therefore, should be a male poplar trees, not a female poplar.DandelionCompositae achenes mature dandelion, pappus, like a parachute, flapping in the wind, the seeds spread far away.Creeping oxalisSome plants rely on mechanical seed spread out, Oxalis is one example, it is a very common wild weeds, small yellow flowers, flowers after the knot with five edges of the capsule, when ripe fruit along loculicidal, seed shell curling pop, projectile to the distant.ImpatiensThe fruit of the Impatiens flower can crack and stretch the seeds to the four directions. This is another example of mechanical dispersal of seeds.Siberian CockleburYou may have seen this plant Xanthium, when autumn field trip back, its fruit will be hanging on your clothes, look carefully at its top with barbed bristles, can be hooked, not easy to fall off, imperceptibly you have seed spread its obligations. There are still many similar such cocklebur seed dispersal plant in pastoral areas, this plant of wool textile industry is a major pest in this plant, wool with bristles will greatly reduce the quality of the finished products, and textile industry can check burr process.Acer sinenseMaple fruit with wings like the wings of birds, the seeds far away.EcballiumThis is a plant belonging to the gourd family. It has a small melon with a burr. Do you know the secret of this melon? When the melon mature, slightly touched, this "melon" will fall off, and from the top of the "melon" in the seeds together with mucus sprayed out, the range of up to 5 meters away, spray melon is also named. Spread the seeds ecballium in nature has reached the level of the ability to reach the peak of perfection.Method for propagating seeds by plantsIn fact, all kinds of methods of propagation can spread seeds for plants. Plants sometimes use a single method, but sometimes they plant them in a compound way.I. autologous transmissionSelf propagation is dependent on the plant itself and does not depend on other media. The fruit or seed itself has weight, mature fruits or seeds will fall to the ground by gravity directly, such as hair and large persimmon planchonella; and capsule and pod in mature fruit cracking occasion will produce ejection forces will eject the seeds, such as michelia. Dispersal of seeds by itself is limited by dispersal, but some self propagating seeds occur two times after falling off the ground. Birds, ants, and mammals are two possible propagators.Two. Wind propagationSome seeds will grow wings or shapes such as feathery appendages, fly with the wind. With feathery appendages the seeds of mostly herbaceous plants, such as Compositae youngia, woody plants are willow and kapok etc.. In addition, some small seeds, which have a relatively large proportion of surface area to weight, can therefore be seeded with the wind, such as the seeds of orchidaceae. Compositae achenes mature dandelion, pappus, like a parachute flapping in the wind, the seeds spread far away.Three. Water transmissionThe spread of the water on the seed surface wax is water (such as lotus), the skin contains a gas chamber, the proportion of water is low, can float in the water, through the stream or current transmission. The seed coat is fiber rich, can prevent the seed by soaking, water absorption and decay or sink, coastalplants, such as lotus leaf board feet, Tong and Terminalia has typical seed by water transfer.Four, birds spreadSeed borne by birds, mostly fleshy fruits such as berries, drupes, and flowers. Birds of Lauraceae seed after seed spit. After the fruit has been eaten, the seeds can be excreted at random. Plants that spread seeds by birds are more advanced, and the distances that are transmitted by birds are the farthest in all ways.Five, ants spreadAnts usually play the role of the two propagator in seed dispersal. Some birds feeding, seed dispersal, but not all consumed all the nutrients, the seeds that fall on the ground on the surface there are some remnants of nutrient for ants feeding on a second-hand spread this time are ants. These phenomena also occur in the seeds of self transmission or mammalian transmission.Six mammalian transmissionThe propagation of mammals, mostly of medium, large fleshy fruits or nuts. Generally speaking, mammals are large in size and require large amounts of food, so they choose large fruits. Rhesus monkeys, for example, enjoy feeding on the fruits of Diospyros kaki and Musa and also help spread these plants.The world is rich and colorful life, every life in his own wayto reproduce, "children grow up, have to say goodbye to my mother at home". Horses have feet, birds have wings, and all over the world to plant the seeds of life spread to every corner of the earth, what to rely on? As everyone knows, the seed is an important role of the plant family, but also by its amazing ability to travel around, the plant will be settled everywhere.There are two ways in which plant seeds are transmitted: one is by means of external forces, such as wind, hydraulic power, animals and human beings; and the other is by the power of their own two. In order to plant offspring of their own, can be said to be "The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea Gexianshentong".The wind is everywhere, and the wind on the earth becomes a free vehicle for seed travel". The seeds dispersed by wind are generally small and light, suspended in the air and blown to distant places by the wind; some of the seed surfaces often produce flocculent hairs, fruit wings, etc. these special structures are suitable for flying with the help of wind force. For example, the most common our southern herb, a small umbrella, its seeds on the wind blows, the small umbrella with seed float float, float to distant place; and as the poplar and willow seeds, long, soft hairs, a spring in May to fly, fly to a distant place; and pine, maple, elm seeds covered with tiny wings, with the wind, you can easily fly from all sides, with the expansion of the site.Humans and animals also help plants spread seeds. Some students are outside the seed spines and barb or secrete mucus, one touch, it will immediately adhere to the people's clothes or animal hair, feather, you see, to put it off, tossed to the ground,then it spread wish come true, such as cocklebur and steal clothes, etc. some fruit plant bidens; bright color, sweet and juicy, can attract the animal to feeding, to spread the seeds, such as birds or other animal feed discarded cherry cherry seeds, seed dispersal work as it inadvertently, if even the skin to swallow hard tape, cherry stone can also resist the acid in the digestive tract, protect the seed retreats, and humans in feeding these delicious fruits, often the stones handily abandon, unwittingly became the seed dispersal of "angels"; there are some Kennedy Fruit seeds, such as chestnuts and pine nuts, are the squirrel's favorite food. They are carried home by squirrels and stored. Some are eaten, and the rest of them are taken root in the coming year.The water and marsh plants, their seeds often by hydraulic transmission, such as our common lotus fruit, is the lotus, the shape of an inverted cone, and the light, like a boat floating on the water, with water drift everywhere, but also put the seeds spread far and terrestrial plants; the coconut, its fruit is of multiple functions, coconut mesocarp is very loose, rich in fiber, can adapt to float on the water, and very thick endocarp, can protect seeds from seawater, fruit also contains a lot of Coconut Juice, to provide the required nutrients and moisture during seed germination this makes, coconut can germinate in brackish water conditions. The tropical coast there are many coconut and coconut distribution, this ability is inseparable.Another form of seed propagation is through its own power. Our common pods, when it is ripe, dry and hard skin with sun baking, often "bang" burst, like seeds will fly out of the barrel ofa bullet, was catapulted into the distance, so soybean, rapeseed, sesame and other economic crops, mature after harvest must be timely, otherwise. The seeds will spread the field, make people suffer losses.Some plants have special automatic seeding device, there is a called "ecballium" plants, it will bear the little ugly in appearance with burr melon, you know the secret? When the fruit is mature, as long as slightly touched, it will fall, and in an instant from the top of the seed will guane ejected, range of up to 6 meters, hence the name "ecballium".The most interesting is the seed of wild oats grown in the wheat field, which can climb itself into the soil. Wild oat seed shell length has a long awn, along with the change of air humidity and rotate or straight, seeds in the continuous stretching long awn, a move forward, once encountered cracks will drill in second years, will take root. Of course, the Wild Oat Seed "crawling" speed is quite slow, one day can only move 1 cm, but the seed dispersal ability has reached the point of reach the peak of perfection.In nature, plants to survive and develop, will try to offspring of their own, so in the process of evolution of millions of years, each plant has let his seed "travel" special skills, the seeds can be widely spread, the phenomenon of life and growth in nature, magic, causing humans to marvel.。
植物种子的各种传播方式
人工播种：大多数靠人工播种。
水力传播
如海南岛的椰树林长在江河边，椰子成熟了，有的落在江河里，随着水流漂向河边的淤(yū)泥，种子沉淀在淤泥里，来年就长出小椰树苗。
还如莲子。
风力传播
柳树就是靠柳絮的飞扬把种子传播到远处去安家的。
还有同杨树、槭树、木棉和蒲公英等的种子。
动物传播
如松鼠爱吃松子，未吃掉的松子掉入石缝碎石间。
第二年，松子萌发新芽，长出小松苗来。
白头翁、黄莺等吃了野葡萄后，种子没有消化便排泄出来，遗落在土里，来年便长出新苗来。
弹射传播
例如：香叶草、油菜、大豆、凤仙花等，它们是靠弹射方式传播的。
还有喷瓜，在瓜成熟时，会将瓜内的种子喷射出去，距离可达五米之远。
喷瓜也因此而得名。
