【托福听力备考】TPO听力高频词汇——图书馆对话场景词汇汇总

托福听力场景词汇1.医院场景：场景特点：关于学生看病和医院相关的场景。

常见套路：（1）常见病症的词汇（2）常见治疗手段的词汇（3）治病的常见句型总结场景词汇：Diagnose, patient’s illness, painful, technological advance, blood and tissue sample血液组织样本, diagnostic techniques, detect diseases, variations in temperature, X rays, side effect, uncomfortable, endure pain, health care，Medical clinic and infirmary诊所医务室, nursing staff护理人员, get sick, a really bad cold, develop terrible coughs, pneumonia[njuː'məʊnɪə] 肺炎, stay in the infirmary, don’t feel well, rest more an d skip a few classes, get medical excuse, the clinic hour, emergency numberModern medical facility, health needs, dental clinic牙科诊所, maternity[mə'tɜːnɪtɪ] ward产房, operating room, special surgery外科手术, surgeons外科医生，Student Health Services, blood pressure, university nutritionists营养学家, processed foods加工食品, university hospital，Pain, discharge排放、流出, slight earache耳朵痛, take it easyPrevention, symptoms, cough, fever, running nose, head and bones ache, chill寒冷, flu, influenza[ɪnflʊ'enzə] 流行性感冒, overtired过度疲劳, stressed out筋疲力尽的, exposure to virus, sneeze[sniːz]喷嚏, airborne virus空气传播病毒,body’s resistance人体抵抗力, ward off the flu抵御流感, rest, eat well, drink a lot of water, immune[ɪ'mjuːn]system免疫系统, fight off illness对抗疾病, immunized[ai]免疫的, vaccine['væksiːn]疫苗, university health center2.校园生活场景：场景特点：关于学生租房子或者宿舍相关的话题场景。

以下内容版权归粉叶猪所有，转载请注明TPO 01 –Listening PartSection 1Conversation（场景归类——图书馆）NarratorListen to part of a conversation between astudent and a librarian.StudentHi, um…, I really hope you canhelp me.LibrarianThat‟s why I‟m here. What can I do for you?Student（1）I‟m supposed to do a literature review formy psychology course, but um… havinga hard time finding articles. I don‟t even know where to start looking.LibrarianYou said this is for your psychologycourse, right? So your focus is on …StudentDream Interpretation.LibrarianWell, you have a focus, so that‟salready a good start. Hmmm… well, there‟re a few things… oh,wait… Have you checked to see if your professor put any materialfor you to look at on reserve?StudentAha, that‟s one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topicfrom three different journals.LibrarianLet‟s get you going onlooking for those then. We have printed versions oftwenty psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are the onespublished within the last year. Then I think about it…there‟s a journal named Sleep and Dream.StudentOh, yeah, the article I just copied is fromthat journal, so I‟vegot to look at other sources.Librarian（2）Ok, actually, most of our materials are available electronicallynow. You can accesspsychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the library‟s computers,and if you want to search by title with the word …dream‟ for example, just type it in and all the articles with “dream” in the title will come up onthe screen.StudentCool, that‟s great! Too bad I cannotdo this from home.Librarian（5）But you can. All of the library‟s databasesand electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to theuniversity network.StudentReall y?!I can‟t believe I didn’t know that. It still sounds like it‟s goingto take a while though, you know, going through allof that information, all of those sources.LibrarianMaybe, but you already narrow your searchdown to articles on Dream Interpretation, so it shouldn‟t betoo bad. （3）And you probably notice that there‟s an abstract or summary at the top ofthefirst page of the article you copied. When you go into the databases andelectronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on the computer screen, skimmingthose to decide whether or not you want to read thewhole article should cut down some time.StudentRight, abstracts! They‟lldefinitely make the project more durable. （4）I guess Ishould try out the electronic search while I‟m stillhere then, you kno w, just in case.LibrarianSure, er… that computer‟s free over there, and I‟ll be here tillfive this afternoon.StudentThanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now.词汇：journal n. 日报；杂志version n. 版本database n. 数据库abstract n. 摘要skim v. 浏览assignment n. 任务；作业durable adj. 耐用的；持久的题目：1Why does the student go to see the librarian？解析：注意but后面的内容，他是要找一些资料为了做a literature review，同义替换为 a class paper答案：To ask about how to look forresources for a class paper2What does the librarian say about theavailability of journals and articles？解析：细节题，定位journals and articles，原文中说可以从the library‟scomputers获得，同义替换为in an electronic format答案：Most of them are accessible inan electronic format3 What does the librarian suggest the studentshould do to save time？解析：细节题，题目中save time同义替换原文中cut down some time，原文中skimming these （summaries and abstracts）同义替换为read the summaries答案：Read the summaries of the articlesfirst4What can be inferred about why the womandecides to use the computer in the library？解析：推断题，原文中她说just in case，可推断她可能需要管理员的帮助。

托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍在托福的对话类听力素材中，图书馆可以算的上是一个出现频率相当高的场景了。

许多对话都是发生在图书馆当中，对话双方多为学生和图书管理员。

下面就和大家分享托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍详解图书馆里的二三事如何应对托福听力中的图书馆场景?1、熟听、熟记图书馆场景标志词，使听力差的考生虽听不懂段子的具体内容，但能确定出它是图书馆场景类型的段子。

2、反复听老题中图书馆场景的段子，掌握以下具体的方面：(1)美国学校图书馆的基本制度：如研究生和教师可以进入书库直接查阅，本科生则不能之类的规章制度等;(2)美国学校图书馆的基本部门设置和常见设施：如reference room，periodical room等重要部门;(3)考生尤其应注意美国学校图书馆在制度、机构设置方面与中国的差别，因为考生缺少对这些差别亲身体验的感性认识，从而在听清字面意思时也造成对实际内容的理解障碍，是产生失分的主要原因。

掌握以上背景知识的目的是期望对将来托福听力中图书馆场景段子的内容做到未听先知，考生对它们的掌握程度应力求达到较流利的口头表述。

托福听力中图书馆相关词汇汇总library图书馆librarian图书管理员archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理(借、还)手续renew 续借overdue 过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf 书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk 借书处reserved books 馆藏书(只能在图书馆内借阅) library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志托福听力特色词汇整理1)服装种类：名词结构类clothing 衣服总称costume 传统服装;戏服fabric(textile) 织物;织品wash-and-wear fabric 免烫织物suit 一套男(女)服tie 领带vest 背心jacket 茄克衫cloak 披风;斗篷T-shirt 短袖圆领汗衫(运动衫) pants(trousers) 裤子;长裤overalls 工装裤jeans 牛仔裤uniform 制服leisurewear 家常便服underwear (undergarment) 内衣stockings 长统袜down jacket 羽绒服sweater 毛衣gloves 手套mitten 无指手套scarf 围巾sandals 凉鞋slippers 拖鞋boots 皮靴sneakers = gym shoes 运动鞋running shoes 跑步鞋jogging shoes 慢跑鞋tailor 裁缝clothing store 服装店形容词结构类formal = spiffy 正式的casual 休闲的navy blue 海军蓝的dark blue 深蓝的solid orange 纯黄色的large 大号的medium 中号的small 小号的tight 紧的。

托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍在托福的对话类听力素材中，图书馆可以算的上是一个出现频率相当高的场景了。

许多对话都是发生在图书馆当中，对话双方多为学生和图书管理员。

下面就和大家分享托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍详解图书馆里的二三事如何应对托福听力中的图书馆场景?1、熟听、熟记图书馆场景标志词，使听力差的考生虽听不懂段子的具体内容，但能确定出它是图书馆场景类型的段子。

2、反复听老题中图书馆场景的段子，掌握以下具体的方面：(1)美国学校图书馆的基本制度：如研究生和教师可以进入书库直接查阅，本科生则不能之类的规章制度等;(2)美国学校图书馆的基本部门设置和常见设施：如reference room，periodical room等重要部门;(3)考生尤其应注意美国学校图书馆在制度、机构设置方面与中国的差别，因为考生缺少对这些差别亲身体验的感性认识，从而在听清字面意思时也造成对实际内容的理解障碍，是产生失分的主要原因。

掌握以上背景知识的目的是期望对将来托福听力中图书馆场景段子的内容做到未听先知，考生对它们的掌握程度应力求达到较流利的口头表述。

托福听力中图书馆相关词汇汇总library图书馆librarian图书管理员archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理(借、还)手续renew 续借overdue 过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf 书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk 借书处reserved books 馆藏书(只能在图书馆内借阅) library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志托福听力特色词汇整理1)服装种类：名词结构类clothing 衣服总称costume 传统服装;戏服fabric(textile) 织物;织品wash-and-wear fabric 免烫织物suit 一套男(女)服tie 领带vest 背心jacket 茄克衫cloak 披风;斗篷T-shirt 短袖圆领汗衫(运动衫) pants(trousers) 裤子;长裤overalls 工装裤jeans 牛仔裤uniform 制服leisurewear 家常便服underwear (undergarment) 内衣stockings 长统袜down jacket 羽绒服sweater 毛衣gloves 手套mitten 无指手套scarf 围巾sandals 凉鞋slippers 拖鞋boots 皮靴sneakers = gym shoes 运动鞋running shoes 跑步鞋jogging shoes 慢跑鞋tailor 裁缝clothing store 服装店形容词结构类formal = spiffy 正式的casual 休闲的navy blue 海军蓝的dark blue 深蓝的solid orange 纯黄色的large 大号的medium 中号的small 小号的tight 紧的loose = baggy 宽松的2)装饰品ornament(adornment; decoration) 装饰品accessory 附件;(妇女)装饰品jewelry 珠宝necklace 项链bracelet 手镯ivory 象牙pearl 珍珠brooch 胸针;领针ring 戒指earring 耳环souvenir(reminder, token) 纪念品3)化妆品makeup(cosmetic) 化妆品perfume 香水lipstick 口红powder 粉cream 脸油;护肤霜razor 剃刀shampoo 洗发剂spray 喷剂;喷雾剂polish (指甲、鞋)油shave 刮胡子(毛发)4)面料图案wool 羊毛：毛线cotton 棉制harsh chemicals 刺激性化学物质polka dot 带圆点的striped 带条纹的plaid 带格子的solid 纯色的natural 自然的pure 纯的5)编织类knitting 编结;针织sewing 缝纫needlework 针线活stitch 一针;针脚seam 线缝托福听力词汇：替换方法(A) be just the formality ---- (B) be not essential (A) be on the way (B) ---- pass by (A)(A) be worse ---- prefer (B) to (A)(A) cast on sth. to (B) ---- (B) get sth. from (A) (A) get sth. done ---- someone do for (A)(A) is far more important ---- should (A) before (B) (A) ride with (B) ---- (B) give (A) a ride(A) send (B) to do sth. for (A) ---- (A) can use (B)s sth. later(A) tell (B) a day ahead of time what (A) need. ---- (A) request materials a day in advance.(A) will miss (B) ---- (B) wont be able to go someplace(A) wouldnt have gone to someplace ---- (B) doubt (A)d leave for someplace(course) be cut // double the tuition ---- have financial trouble (every) once in a while // (every) now and then // every so often ---- sometimes // (only) occasionally(parking) lot ---- (parking) place... and ..., too ---- several~ not ...? // Have/Will/Sure/Is ...? // What if ...? // How/What about ...? ---- suggest // recommend // should // can // may // would like // Please ...3 quarters of a block ---- not too far48 hours ---- two days65 bucks ---- too expensivea 2-ton trunks lift off my shoulders ---- She is relieved thata beach person ---- often to the beacha certain thing // put up with ---- get used toa couple of ---- a few // severala craft person and an artist ---- art and technologya few days late // out of question ---- must be in timea few days to think about ---- time to decidea good change of pace ---- as a diversiona large size ---- not fita large waist ---- gain weighta later plane ---- another flighta little forgetful ---- not remembera little the worse for wear ---- worn-outa lost cause // have ones heart on sth. ---- not be able to change ones minda lot of courage ---- very bravea lot of time // only every spare time ---- a large amount of timea million things ---- too mucha million times ---- very wellA six-month membership costs as much as 5 individual months. ---- The membership fee is lower.a small group ---- several托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍。

图书场景相关的词汇Publication [,pʌbli'keiʃən] n.出版：出版物：发表Journal ['dʒə:nəl] n. 日报，杂志；日记；Periodical [,piəri'ɔdikəl] adj.周期的；定期的；n.期刊，杂志Reference ['refərəns] n.参考书目；证明书vt.引用Bibliography [,bibli'ɔɡrəfi] n.参考书目；文献目录Non-fiction n.非小说；非小说类文学用品Science-fiction n.科技类小说Reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）Back/current issue 过期杂志/现期杂志Catalogue ['kætəlɔɡ] n.目录vt.把…编入目录Classification [,klæsifi'keiʃən]n,分类，等级Title/alphabetic index 标题索引/字母索引Circulation [,sə:kju'leiʃən] n.流通；发行量Loan desk 借书台On loan 借出Overdue fine 过期罚金Check out 登记借出Renew 续借Extension 延期Hold/reserve 保留，预约Photocopy 复印Xerox n.影印Vt.用静电复印法复印二）注册场景词Register for a course 注册课程Drop 放弃课程Capacity n.能力，资格Waiting list 候补名单，准备申请人批准名单Fall semester 秋季班，秋季学期OfferPrerequisite course 预修课程Department 系，部门Dean n.院长，系主任，教务长Registrar n.注册主任，登记员Advisor n.顾问，指导老师Professor n.教授Apply v.申请Approval n.批准，赞同Compulsory course 必修课Elective course 选修课三）其他常用校园场景词Sign up for 注册，选课；报名参加Transfer v. 转学；调任Admission office 招生办，入院处Tuition [tju:'iʃən] n.学费Scholarship n.奖学金Orientation [,ɔ:rien'teiʃən, əu-] n.新生入学教育会Graduation n.毕业典礼Commencement [kə'mensmənt] n.开端：毕业典礼Transcript ['trænskript, 'trænz-, 'trɑ:n-] n. 成绩单Diploma [di'pləumə] n.毕业正式，学位证书Certificate [sə'tifikeit] n.证书，执照v,发给证明书Students’ council/government/association 学生会Extracurricular activity 课外活动Summer school 暑期学校Internship n.实习生；实习期Undergraduate n.本科生四）住宿场景词Apartment n.公寓Dormitory n.学生宿舍Residence n.住宅，居住Lobby n.大厅On campus housing 住校Supervisor n.监督人，论文导师Landlord n.房东Superintendent n,监督人，负责人Property ['prɔpəti] n.性质，财产，所有权Appliances 电器用具Electrical outlineWiring ['waiəriŋ] n.线路，接线Faucet ['fɔ:sit] n。

campus situations和librarian1．找资料困难On reserve:限馆内阅读，不外借Reference section：参考书库Electronically：电子Database：数据库Narrow your search down：缩小研究范围Abstract：摘要Durable:持久的，耐用的Review:评论Critic 批评Controvertial 有争议的Fuss 混乱Premier 首映Stack 书架Progess in any sort of logical manner 没有逻辑Real ending 真正的结尾Orientation 培训Transfer student 转学生Loan peroid 借期Hook up 锁Plug in 充电Photocopy 复印机Insert in 插入Rare books 稀有书籍2．借还书Extended privilege service 延期借书服务Circumstances 环境Suspend 终止Check out 把书借出图书馆Political science 政治Short of staff 少人Replacement 替代3．退书（书店）Full refund 全额退款Merchandise 商品For gear 设定了Withdraw 退Rigid 严格的Syllabus 教学大纲Store credit 商店积分和professor（最多）1.谈实习的收获elementray school:小学observation：观察interdisipline：多学科mythology 神话Greek and Roman 希腊的和罗马的Research skills：调查研究技能2.论文，课程作业Climate variation 气候变化Data 数据Expert 专家Research project 研究项目General or casual idea 大致的想法Rule of thumb 凭经验的方法Research journal 研究日记Evolution in thought 想法的进化Meteorological records 气象记录Statistical tests 统计检验Reference section 参考文献Jot down 随便写下Note Pad 笔记本Draft version 草稿Prerequisite 先决条件Term paper 课程论文Dialect 方言Manageable 可操控的Proposal 设计Food-born bacteria 食物上长的细菌Preliminary 初步的Carton board 纸板Flavor 味道Dairy 牛奶场Swamped 忙死了Scope of the assignment 作业的范围Stick to 坚持Tangential 外围的Mid-summer dream 仲夏夜之梦Video collection 录像集Track down 找到Ironic 讽刺的Transient 瞬息万变的3．报名项目Assume 假设Introductory 导论Relief 轻松Main lecture hall 教学主楼Excavate 开掘Barn 谷仓Artifact 手工艺品Button 纽扣Clay pottery 泥质陶Extra credit 额外的分数Tough time 困难Incentive 动力Retirement partyDean 系主任Anthropology 人类学Pitch in 加入Versatile 多才多艺的Hiring process 招聘过程Qualified applicant 合格的候选者Sample lecture 样板课堂Academic interest 学科兴趣Student representative 学生代表Candidate 候选人Perspective 观点4．小组活动Due 到期Supreme court 最高法庭Municipal land use cases 市政土地使用案例Owning disputes 所有权争议Stress out 压力大Free-rider 搭便车Split up 分割Goof off 打发时间Go down the drain 泡汤Personal liberty 个人自由Start from scratch 重新开始Synthesis 总和Congnitive 认知的Couch 沙发5．课上的内容Strategic marketing 营销策略High end 高端的Aerobics 有氧体操Gallery 画廊Context 背景Monsoon 季风At stake 濒于险境Surrender 放弃6．考试Track meet 径赛Lab project 实验室项目Exmplary 杰出的Cell division 细胞分裂Blank out 空白Fresh in my mind 新鲜Medieval 中世纪Take-home exam 带回去做的考试Speculate 推断两个studentsRegister 选课Contemporary literature 当代文学Seminar 研讨班Junior high 初中Theory class 理论课Till the end of the month 直到月末Thesis 毕业论文Revise 修改Short of credits 学分不够和receptionist at the registrar’s office 1．课被取消了Room assinment sheet 教室分配表格Bulletin board 公告板Cancel 取消Junk mail 垃圾邮件Mailing address 通信地址Administration office 行政办公室Practical 实际的Instructor 指导者Sign up 报班Enroll 注册Physics depatment 物理系Info 信息Time slot 时间空档2.毕业要求Diploma 文凭Intermediate 中等Issue 发布Chairperson 主席，导师Field work 实地考察Verify 证实和counselor/ faculty advisor1.在学校不习惯Overwhelmed 吓到了Culture shock 文化震惊Understatement 低估Keep pace with 跟上Cello 大提琴String quartet 弦乐团四重奏Audition 面试2.工作招聘会Shoot 说Career fair 工作招聘会Flyer and post 传单和海报Accounting firm 会计公司Zillion 庞大的数字3.专业Teacher the year 年度教室Byline 署名Specialize in 专业化District court 地区法庭Resume 简历Prospective 预选的，准。

TPO1 Conversation 1 librarian n. 图书管理员suppose vt. 猜测，猜想literature n. 文学review vt. 回顾，复习psychology n. 心理学interpretation n. 翻译，解释reserve vt. 预定，预留journals n. 期刊version n. 版本reference n. 参考，推荐信available adj. 可有的，可以使用的database n. 数据库access vt.进入narrow adj. 狭窄，有限的abstract n. 摘要skim vt. 浏览durable adj. 耐用的assignment n. 任务，作业Lecture 1 contemporary adj.当代的exhibit n. 展览realistic adj. 现实的impressionism n. 印象派depict vt. 描述brushstroke n. 画笔texture n. 质地canvas n. 画布rough adj.粗糙scene n. 景象，现场bleak adj.萧瑟的blurry adj. 模糊不清楚的foreground n. 前景，幕前cattle n. 牛群posture n. 姿势element n. 元素idealize vt. 使理想化wrap n. 外套，包装zigzag adj. 曲折的chaotic adj.杂乱的vibrant adj. 振动的，颤栗的peek vt. 偷窥accessible adj. 可接近的，易受影响的appreciate vt. 理解，感激instructor n. 导师，教练illustration n. 说明，插图convince vt. 说服portrait n. 肖像discouraged adj. 沮丧的Lecture 2determine vt. 决定feature n. 特点analysis n.分析fundamental adj.基础的，本质的Grand Canyon n. 大峡谷solidify vt. 固化flatten vt. 将...变平ancient adj. 古代的Uranium-Lead Dating n.铀铅测定refinement n. 精密，精巧Appalachian Mountainn. 阿巴拉契山脉eye-opening adj. 让人吃惊的obvious adj. 明显的theory n. 理论revolutionary adj. 革命性的grain n. 谷物zircon n. 锆石sandstone n. 砂岩radioactive adj. 辐射性的larva n. 熔岩volcano n. 火山crystallize vi.结晶molten adj. 溶化的magma n. 岩浆sample n. 样本granite n. 花岗岩assumption n .猜想individual adj./n.个人，个体efficient adj. 有效的accurate adj. 精确的predict vt.预测continent n. 大陆，陆地split vt.分开，分离conclusively adv.后的，决定性的evidence n. 证据planet n. 行星Conversation 2 approach n./vt.方法，接近elementary adj. 基础，初级的amazing adj. 让人惊奇的observation n. 观察requirement n.要求prepare n./vt. 准备astronomy n. 天文学master vt./n.掌握，研究生interdisciplinary adj.跨领域的mythology n.神话学Jupiter n.木星solar adj. 太阳的presentation n.演讲，介绍Lecture 3Archaeology 考古学agriculture n.农业Turkish n.土耳其语original inhabitant n.原著民Neolithic period 新石器时代settlement n. 解决，定居，殖民metal n. 金属obsidian n.砾石rectangular adj. 矩形的brick n. 砖头hatchway n. 地板，天花板的出入口ladder n. 梯子diagonal adj.斜的，对角线的storage n. 储藏hearth n. 炉灶，炉边Flake n. 碎片chimney n. 烟囱plaster n. 石膏decorate vt. 装饰grave n. 墓穴burial adj. 埋葬的tightly adj. 紧实的protection n.保护ancestor n. 祖先excavation n. 挖掘layout n. 分布，布局remain vt.保持，遗留speculate vt. 推测religious adj. 宗教的magical 魔力的significance n.重要性clue n. 线索Lecture 4adapt vt.适应species n.物种marmot n. 土拨鼠rodent n. 啮齿类动物squirrel n. 松鼠portion n. 比例hibernating n.冬眠behavioral adj. 行为的temperate climate n.温带气候herb n.草本territorial adj.领土意识强的aggressive adj.侵略性强的ritual n. 仪式impersonal adj. 客观的，非人的emerge vt. 出现offspring n. 后代mature vi. 成熟roughly adv. 大概vegetation n. 植被survive vi. 生存greeting n. 问候ceremony n. 仪式bizarre adj. 奇怪，诡异的meadow n. 牧场harsh adj.刺耳的，恶劣的female n. 雌性male n.雄性TPO2 Conversation 1variation n. 多样性semester n. 学期summarize vt. 概括casual adj. 随意的，大概的rule of thumb n. 经验之谈recognize vt.认出，意识到definitely adv. 确定的indicate vt. 指出，指示meteorological n. 气象学的statistical adj. 统计的notepad n. 便签条forgetful adj. 健忘的regional adj. 地区的draft n. 草稿Lecture 1philosophy n. 哲学ethical adj. 道德的distinction n. 区别extrinsic adj. 外在的intrinsic adj. 内在的desire vt. 渴望engage vt. 从事complicated adj. 复杂的productive adj. 多产的amateur adj. 业余的modest adj. 中等的，谦虚的universal adj.普遍的ultimate adj. 终极，根本的purpose n. 目的attainment n. 成就，造诣Frustration 沮丧criteria n. 标准complete vt. 完成obtain vt. 获得fame n. 名誉contemplation n. 沉思Lecture 2psychology n. 心理学behaviorism n.行为主义founder n. 创始人mental adj. 心里的verify vt. 确认，证实muscular adj. 肌肉的manifestation n. 显示laryngeal adj. 喉头的covert vt. 改变throat n. 咽喉electrode n. 电极diligently adv. 勤勉的define n. 定义，详细说明deaf adj. 聋的process n. 过程trick n. 诡计，欺诈eyeball n. 眼球equivalent adj. 相等的claim vt. 要求，主张Lecture 3asteroid n. 小行星multiply vt. 乘，增加decimal adj. 小数的tantalizingly adv.难熬的，使向往的Saturn n. 土星pattern n. 模式gravitation n. 重力attempt n./vt. 尝试skip vt. 跳跃telescope n. 望远镜Uranus n. 天王星validity n. 有效性Mars n. 火星Ceres n. 灶神星faint adj. 微弱的，模糊的Lecture 4 research n. 研究midnight n. 午夜flight n. 航班delay vt. 推迟fiber n. 纤维textile industry n. 纺织业plastics n. 塑料explosives n. 爆炸物hemp n. 麻flexible adj. 柔韧的exceptionally adv. 及其的resistant 有抵抗力的，反抗moor vt. 安装degrade vt. 分解，腐蚀cable vt. 缆绳Zinc n. 锌stainless steel n. 不锈钢extract vt. 抽取bundle n. 束compose vt. 组成strength vt. 增强TPO 3Conversation 1receptionist n. 接待员physics n. 物理bulletin n. 公告cancel vt.撤销administration n. 管理inconvenient adj. 不方便的issue n. 问题decision n. 决定Lecture 1habitat n. 栖息地migrate vt. 迁徙impact n./vt. 影响humming birds n. 蜂鸟tiny adj. 小的hemisphere n. 半球beat vt. 拍打nectar n. 亩pollinate n. 传粉pollen n. 花粉preserve vt. 保护，保存replant vt. 移植，改种ecological tourism n. 生态旅游promote vt. 发展，提升financial reward n. 金融回报creature n. 生物breed vt. 繁殖route n. 路线band n. 绷带track vt. 跟踪lightweight adj. 轻量级的label n. 标签capture vt. 捕捉lifespan n. 寿命destination n. 目的地complex adj. 复杂的Lecture 2 categorize vt.分类establish vt. 建立hybrid adj. 混合的mixture n. 混合物conform vt. 符合norm n. 基准neatly adv. 整齐灵活的classify vt. 分类unique adj. 特别的，唯一的confusing adj. 让人困惑的fictional adj. 虚构的pioneer n. 先驱aquatic adj. 水底的mollusk n. 软体动物narration n. 叙述notion n.观念，想法normal adj. 正常的suspicious adj. 让人怀疑的twist vt./adj. 扭曲seahorse n. 海马celebrated adj. 著名的innovator n. 创新者similarities n. 相似之处adventures n. 冒险，经历patch vt. 掩饰，修正shallow adj. 浅的investigate n. 调查strict adj. 严厉的documentarist n.纪录片拍摄者incorporate vt. 结合straightforward adj. 直接的expectation n. 期待Conversation 2volunteer n. 志愿者campus n. 校园barn n. 牛棚erect vt. 竖立artifact n. 人工品construct vt. 构造，想出button n. 纽扣pottery n. 陶器involve 涉及respond 反应express 表达assistant 助手schedule 日程安排Lecture 3origin 起源primitive 原始的slide 幻灯片masterpiece 杰作cave 洞穴independent 独立的confirmation 确认context 上下文paleolithic 旧石器时代的shelter 庇护所inhabit vt. 居住penetrate vt. 渗透torch n. 火把，手电筒charcoal n. 木炭inspire vt. 激发virtually adv. 事实上enhance vt. 提高perspective n. 角度motion n. 移动，动作vitality n.活力herbivore n. 食草动物bison n. 野牛rhinoceros n. 犀牛mammoth n. 猛犸outline n. 轮廓sheer 完全，绝对的dim 使昏暗Lecture 4 bloom 开花spectroscopy 分光镜spectra 光谱emit 发出identify 确认prism 棱镜continuous 持续的visible 看得见的optical 视力的expose 暴露，陈列spread 传播beam n. 光线bleed vt. 渗透interruption n.干扰violet n. 紫色magnify vt. 放大randomly adv. 随机的flame n. 火焰fingerprint n. 指纹appear vt. 出现extensive adj. 广泛的helium n. 氦TPO 04Conversation 1contemporary adj. 当代的influence n. 影响；势力critique n. 批评；评论文章tore v. 撕开（tear的过去式）controversial adj. 有争议的；有争论的fuss n. 大惊小怪premier adj. 第一的；最初的stack n. 堆；堆叠dramatically adv. 戏剧地；引人注目地Lecture 1ritual n. 仪式；惯例；礼制preen v. 打扮；用嘴整理；赞扬displacement n. 取代，移位grooming v. 整饰；打扮straightening v. 整顿；使…改正；好转irrelevant adj. 不相干的；不切题的circumstance n. 环境，情况；事件；境遇confront v. 面对；遭遇urge n. 强烈的欲望，迫切要求disinhibition n. [生理]去抑制；抑制解除；脱抑制stimulus n. 刺激；激励；刺激物wood thrush n. 黄褐森鸫thrush n. 画眉horizontal adj. 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的beak n. [鸟] 鸟嘴；鹰钩鼻子perch n. 高位；栖木；杆vertical adj. 垂直的，直立的Lecture 2profound adj. 深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的philosophy n. 哲学；哲理；人生观reliance n. 信赖；信心abstract adj. 抽象的；深奥的conviction n. 定罪；确信genius n. 天才，天赋；精神conformity n. 一致，适合non-conformist 不遵奉习俗的non-conformity n. 不一致；和规则等不适合emphasize v. 强调，着重zigzag adj. 曲折的；锯齿形的；之字形的Conversation 2 municipal adj. 市政的，市的；地方自治的dispute n. 辩论；争吵liberty n. 自由；许可；冒失scratch n.草稿；乱写；擦伤；抓痕Lecture 3trail n. 小径；痕迹；尾部；踪迹bulldozer n. 推土机；欺凌者windstorm n. 暴风dominant adj. 显性的；占优势的；支配的slippery adj. 滑的；狡猾的；不稳定的trap v.使…受限制；使…陷入困境vibrate v. 振动；颤动；摇摆；踌躇tilt v. 使倾斜（tilt的ing形式）magnetic adj. 地磁的；有磁性的meteorology n. 气象状态，气象学Lecture 4depression n. 沮丧；不景气；忧愁involvement n. 牵连；包含federal adj. 联邦的；同盟的subsidy n. 补贴；津贴；补助金institution n. 公共机构；习俗altruistic adj. 利他的；无私心的incentive n. 动机；刺激patron n. 赞助人；保护人substantial adj. 大量的；实质的plaque n. 匾；饰板acknowledge v. 承认；答谢TPO 5Conversation 1counsellor n. 顾问；参赞；辅导员overwhelmed adj. 受宠若惊的，使不知所措distinguish v.使杰出，使表现突出artsy adj. 艺术家气派的；装艺术的cello n. 大提琴orchestra n. 管弦乐队；乐队演奏处quartet n. 四重奏；四重唱cellist n. 大提琴演奏家audition v. 试听；试音Lecture 1alligator n. 短吻鳄（产于美国及中国）sewer n. 下水道；阴沟meme n. 文化基因；弥母transmission n. 传动装置analogy n. 类比；类推；类似replicator n. [遗] 复制基因；重复符organism n. 有机体；生物体；微生物longevity n. 长寿，长命；寿命fecundity n. [生物] 繁殖力；多产；肥沃fidelity n. 保真度；忠诚；精确；尽责mutation n. [遗] 突变；变化Lecture 2compel v. 强迫，迫使；强使发生pinpoint v. 查明；精确地找到；准确描述enormous adj. 庞大的，巨大的crater n. 火山口；弹坑lunar adj. 月亮的，月球的orbit n. 轨道；眼眶topographical adj. 地志的；地形学的correspond vi. 符合，一致elevation n. 高地；海拔planetary adj. 行星的beneath prep. 在…之下crust n. 外壳；坚硬外皮penetrate v. 渗透；穿透；刺入mantle n. 地幔precise adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的meteor n. 流星crude adj. 粗糙的；天然的hydrogen n. [化学] 氢inference n. 推理；推论；推断molecule n. [化学] 分子；微小颗粒，微粒perpetually adv. 永恒地，持久地evaporation n. 蒸发；消失primitive adj. 原始的；简单的astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员self-sustaining adj. 自立的；自谋生活的Conversation 2appreciation n. 欣赏，鉴别；增值；感谢prerequisite n. 先决条件permission n. 允许，许可frankly adv. 真诚地，坦白地Lecture 3spectroscopy n. [光] 光谱学wavelength n. [物] 波长spectrum n. 光谱distinguish v. 区分；辨别spectral adj. [光] 光谱的substance n. 物质devise v. 设计；想出；发明curator n. 馆长；管理者authentic adj. 真正的，真实的brushstroke n. 一笔；绘画技巧historian n. 历史学家pigment n. [物][生化] 色素；颜料varnish n. 亮光漆；虚饰；光泽面detective adj. 侦探的infrared adj. 红外线的ultraviolet adj. 紫外的；紫外线的zinc n. 锌lead n. 铅；导线distinct adj. 明显的；独特的invasive adj. 侵略性的；攻击性的restoration n. 恢复；复位inauthentic adj. 不真实的；不可靠的；假的restorer n. 修补者touch-up n. 修补；润色；补漆deteriorated adj. 恶化的；已变质的dissolve v. 使溶解；使分解Lecture 4genre n. 类型；流派；风俗画folk adj. 民间的communal adj. 公共的；公社的trait n. 特性，特点line-up n. 一排人specify v. 指定；详细说明authoritative adj. 有权威的；命令式的；当局的transmit v. 传输；传播generalizable adj. 可归纳的；可概括的plot n. 情节；图cabin n. 小屋；客舱contrary adv. 相反地TPO 06Conversation 1senior n.毕业班学生fair n. 展览会flyer n. 传单poster n. 海报，广告；招贴soon-to-be马上就是；准的zillion adj. 无限数的tailor v. 剪裁；使合适workshop n. 研讨会；讲习班Lecture 1boom n. 繁荣bust n. 破产spring up出现；涌现；萌芽hysterical adj. 歇斯底里的；异常兴奋的irrational adj. 不合理的；无理性的；荒谬的tulip n. 郁金香hail from 来自nomad n. 游牧民；流浪者merchant n. 商人，批发商；店主diplomat n. 外交家，外交官bulb n. 鳞茎；球状物exotic adj. 异国的；外来的；异国情调的enormous adj. 庞大的，巨大的strick n. 一束麻，一束丝paddle n. 划桨craze n. 狂热mania n. 狂热；狂躁；热衷prospering adj. 畅茂的disposable adj. 可任意处理的；可自由使用的thrilling adj.令人兴奋的commodity n. 商品，货物；日用品specimen n. 样品，样本；标本breed v. 繁殖；饲养；养育literally adv. 照字面地；逐字地promissory adj. 约定的；允诺的；约定支付的speculation n. 投机；投机买卖mortgage v. 抵押bidder n. 投标人；出价人；命令者collapse v. 倒塌；瓦解；暴跌Lecture 2 remarkable adj. 卓越的；值得注意的resemblance n. 相似；相似之处；相似物relic n. 遗迹，遗物；废墟fossil n. 化石evolve v. 发展，进化；进化disposal n. 处理；支配；清理；安排colonize v. 将…开拓为殖民地；移于殖民地hectare n. 公顷（等于1万平方米）plum n. 李子；梅子soak up v. 吸收germinate v. 发芽；生长germination n. 发芽；发生expire v. 期满；终止；死亡remnant adj. 剩余的dwindled v. 减少；变小retreat n. 撤退；撤退Conversation 2linguistic adj. 语言的；语言学的dialect n. 方言，土话intrigued v. 引起…的兴趣；使迷惑proposal n. 提议，建议Lecture 3sketch n. 素描；略图；梗概consciously adv. 自觉地；有意识地formulate v. 明确地表达solidify v. 团结；凝固defer to尊重；听从frustrated adj. 失意的，挫败的；泄气的pitfall n. 陷阱，圈套；缺陷stereotype n. 陈腔滥调，老套ragged adj. 衣衫褴褛的；粗糙的dweller n. 居民，居住者terminology n. 术语，术语学boast v. 夸口说，自吹自擂说humiliate v. 羞辱；使…丢脸；耻辱Lecture 4drastic adj. 激烈的；猛烈的occurrence n. 发生；出现；事件paradise n. 天堂hippopotamus n. [脊椎] 河马hippo n. 河马wetter n. [助剂] 湿润剂principal n.资本aquifer n. （美）蓄水层；含水土层fossilized adj. 石化的；僵化的；老化的pollen n. [植] 花粉shrub n. 灌木；灌木丛giraffe n. [脊椎] 长颈鹿monsoon n. 季风perimeter n. 周长；周界abrupt adj. 生硬的；突然的compounded adj. 复合的，化合的vegetation n. 植被；植物moisture n. 水分；湿度evaporation n. 蒸发；消失flourish v. 繁荣，兴旺；茂盛hypothesize v. 假设，假定migration n. 迁移；移民；移动impetus n. 动力；促进；冲力tuned adj. 经调谐的TPO 7Conversation 1draft n. 草稿overheard v. 偶然听到anthropology n. 人类学bulletin board 电子公告牌inspiring adj. 鼓舞人的；使人感兴趣的flashy adj. 浮华的administrative adj. 行政的，管理的pilling n. （印刷故障）堆墨hesitate v. 犹豫versatile adj. 多才多艺的；多功能的influential adj. 有影响的，有权势的speciation n. 物种形成isolate v. 使孤立，使隔离Lecture 1realism n. 现实主义construct v. 建立commercially adv. 商业上地formula n. 公式exposition n. 阐述，讲解lyric n. 抒情诗quotation n. 引用gossip v. 说长道短rumor n. 风闻，谣言inciting adj. 刺激的，煽动的incident n. 发生的事，小插曲sets off 开始plot n. 故事情节perceive v. 察觉，理解furious adj. 狂怒的apparent adj. 明显的；表面上的reversal n. 反向，反转fortune n. 运气，机会；前途，命运obligatory adj. 必须的denouement n. （戏剧、小说等的）结局resolution n. 解决，解答lucent adj. 光明的，透亮的subtle adj. 微妙的；敏锐的Lecture 2 Infrasound n. 次声acoustic spectrums 声谱ultrasound n. 超声echolocation n. 回声定位能力self-explanatory adj. 不解自明的navigation n. 导航，领航orientation n. 方向，目标predator n. 肉食动物prey n. 猎物count on 指望，期望emit v. 发出，放出ultrasonic pulses 超声波脉冲pitch n. 音调，音高associated with 与…交往，联系motionless adj. 不动的，静止的distinguish v. 辨别underestimate v. 低估sophisticated adj. 精密的；老练的filter v. 过滤ground clutter 地物反射波，地面杂乱回波acoustic adj. 声音的，听觉的chaotic adj. 一片混乱的deciduous tree 落叶树fain adj. 乐意，不得不…gigot n. (熟的)羊腿Conversation 2appreciate v. 感激；欣赏transfer student 转校学生hook v. 钩住plug in power 充电insert v. 插入，嵌入Lecture 3Iroquois adj. 易洛魁族人birch n. 桦木Prevalent adj. 普遍的，流行的waterproof adj. 防水的utensil n. 器具Peel v. 削（皮）bark n. 树皮adhere v. 坚持；附着pliable adj. 柔顺的；易受影响的；圆通的cord n. 绳子canoe n. 独木舟vessel n. 船seal v. 密封resin n. 树脂，松香cargo n. 货物maneuverable adj. 易操作的portage n.（两条水路间船只或货物的）陆上运输alliance n. 联盟federation n. 联盟logging n. 伐木搬运业Lecture4glacier n. 冰川crystallize v. 使结晶basal slip 底面滑移bedrock n. 基岩depression n. 凹陷，洼地thaw v. 融化friction n. 摩擦力lubricant adj. 润滑的slat n. 板条deformation n. 变形brittle adj. 易碎的，易损坏的ooze v. （液体等）缓缓流出gravity n. 重力compression n. 压缩crevasses n. 裂缝surge v. 汹涌，奔腾TPO 8 Conversation 1 Intermediate adj. 中级的field work 调查工作verify v. 证实Lecture 1 passive adj. 被动的disperse v. 散开reproduce n. 繁殖breed v. 饲养offspring n. 子孙后代；崽recap v. 概括organism n. 有机物destruction n. 毁灭plover n. 鸻鸟shellfish n. 贝类动物camouflage n. 伪装predator n. 肉食动物fledgling n. (刚学会飞的)幼鸟vulnerable adj. 易受伤的，脆弱的warbler n. 鸣鸟songbird n. 鸣鸟shrub n. 灌木correlate v. 有相关性blackcap n.莺类Lecture 2Instructor n. 指导者，教师option n. 选择premiere n. (戏剧、电影等的)首次公演initial adj. 最初的，开头的progressive adj. 进步的，先进的incentive n. 刺激，诱因depiction n. 描述savvy n. 理解，悟性Conversation 2socialize v. 与…交往administrative adj. 行政的Lecture 3accessible adj. 易取得的，可进入的quartz n. 石英magnify v. 夸大societal adj. 社会的affluence n. 富裕Lecture 4predictive adj. 预言性的proton n. 质子atom n. 原子spectroscopy n. 光谱学discredited adj. 不足信的synthesize v. 综合Masurium n. 鎷(元素锝)Technetium n. 锝radioactive adj. 放射性的radioactive decay 放射衰变spontaneous adj. 自然的，无意识的TPO 9 Conversation 1 preliminary n. 准备工作opaque adj. 不透明的bacteria n. 细菌Lecture 1knack n. 窍门disbelief n. 不相信rigid adj. 严格的，死板的three-dimensional adj. 三维的elaborate v. 详细说明synthesize v. 综合constraint v. 限制subsequent adj. 随后的foreground n. 前景；最显著的位置Lecture 2thaw v. 融化permafrost n. 永久冻土impermeable adj. 不可渗透的shrub n. 灌木Arctic n. 北极tundra n. 冻土带microbe n. 微生物，细菌Nitrogen n. 氮penetrate v. 穿过，刺入precipitation n. 沉淀insulating adj. 绝缘的loop n. 圈；回路semiarid adj. 雨量非常少的thrive v. 兴盛Conversation 2privilege n. 特权circumstance n. 环境photocopy v. 复印Lecture 3peninsula n. 半岛desolate adj. 无人的，荒凉的barren adj. 贫瘠的monsoon n. 季风doak v. 泡basin n. 流域limestone n. 石灰岩torrential adj. 似急流的dune n. 沙丘particle n. 粒子clay n. 粘土silt n. 淤泥capture v. 俘获migrate v. 迁移hippopotamus n. 河马water buffalo 水牛snail n. 蜗牛Lecture 4mammal n. 哺乳动物primate n. 灵长目动物orangutan n. 猩猩chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla n. 大猩猩peculiar adj. 怪异的，不正常的instinctive adj. 本能的prairie dog 草原土拨鼠rodent n. 啮齿目动物burrow v. 挖掘（洞穴）high-pitched adj. 声音尖锐的predator n. 肉食动物discreteness n. 组建coyote n. 郊狼discrete adj. 分离的，不相关联的utter v. 说；讲displacement n. 代替abstract v. 提取hawk n. 鹰inclination n. 倾向TPO10 Conversation 1 gallery n. 画廊；走廊；旁听席；地道absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地monsoon n. 季风surrender vt. 使投降；放弃Lecture 1 mammal n. 哺乳动物evolve vt. 发展，进化creature n. 动物，生物dweller n. 居民，居住者skull n. 头盖骨，脑壳aquatic adj. 水生的；水栖的Ambulocetus 走鲸；陆行鲸muffle vt. 蒙住；裹住；抑制limb n. 肢，臂；分支skeletal adj. 骨骼的，像骨骼的Basilosaurus 龙王鲸；背脊鲸；械齿鲸fossil n. 化石genetic adj. 遗传的；基因的；起源的descendant n. 后裔；子孙hippopotamus n. 河马evolutionary adj. 进化的；发展的；渐进的ancestor n. 始祖，祖先；被继承人controversy n. 争论；辩论molecular adj. 分子的；由分子组成的sperm n. 精子；精液；鲸蜡油baleen n. 鲸须Lecture 2ingredient n. 原料；要素；组成部分squash 南瓜属植物；（英）果汁饮料peanut 花生crop n. 产量；农作物；庄稼category n. 种类，分类；范畴mandrake n. 曼德拉草（可作镇静药用）belladonna n. 颠茄，莨菪inedible adj. 不能吃的poisonous adj. 有毒的；恶毒的；讨厌的toxic adj. 有毒的；中毒的rejection n. 抛弃；拒绝；被抛弃的东西Mediterranean n. 地中海abundant adj. 丰富的；充裕的；盛产nutritious adj. 有营养的，滋养的acre n. 土地，地产；英亩wheat n. 小麦；小麦色tremendously adv. 非常地；可怕地；惊人地Conversation 2semester n. 学期；半年merchandise n. 商品；货物refund n. 退款；偿还miscalculate vt. 算错；估计错误syllabus n. 教学大纲，摘要；课程表ambitious adj. 野心勃勃的；有雄心的Lecture 3element n. 元素；要素；原理；成分scarcity n. 不足；缺乏Phosphorus n. 磷quantity 量absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；承受agriculture n. 农业；农艺，农学fertilizer n. 肥料；受精媒介物spread vt. 传播，散布；展开algae n. 藻类；海藻clog v. 阻塞；障碍interrupt vt. 中断；打断；插嘴；妨碍sediment n. 沉积；沉淀物volcano n. 火山substantial adj. 大量的；实质的；内容充实的Lecture 4Psychology 心理学phenomenon n. 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才widespread adj. 普遍的，广泛的；分布广的amnesia n. [医]健忘症，记忆缺失incident n. 事件，事变；插曲repress vt. 抑制；镇压（叛乱等）；约束cognitive adj. 认知的，认识的represent vt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆capacity n. 能力；容量；资格，地位；生产力replicate vt. 复制；折叠TPO 11Conversation 1gym n. 健身房；体育；体育馆entitle vt. 称做…；定名为…；给…称号；使…有权利category n. 种类，分类intermediate n. 中间物；媒介appointment n. 任命；约定；任命的职位coach vt. 训练；指导Lecture 1parenting v. 教养（parent的ing形式）；做…的父亲或母亲distraction n. 注意力分散；消遣；心烦意乱predator n. 捕食者；食肉动物；掠夺者approach vt. 接近；着手处理stick n. 棍；手杖squeeze vt. 挤；紧握；勒索conspicuous adj. 显著的；显而易见的investment n. 投资；投入conspicuous adj. 显著的；显而易见的display vt. 显示；表现；陈列hatch n. 孵化；舱口Lecture 2detour vt. 使…绕道而行architecture n. 建筑学；建筑风格residential adj. 住宅的；与居住有关的function n. 功能principle n. 原理，原则；application n. 应用；申请accurate adj. 精确的slope n. 斜坡；倾斜accumulate vt. 积攒efficiently adv. 有效地；效率高地exterior adj. 外部的；表面的；外在的conformity n. 一致，适合；符合proportion n. 比例；部分Conversation 2 department n. 部；部门；系committee n. 委员会resume n. 履历；个人简历formal adj. 正式的；拘谨的perspective n. 观点；远景candidate n. 候选人，候补者Lecture 3grass n. 草；草地，草坪citric adj. 柠檬的；采自柠檬的freeze vi. 冻结；冷冻；僵硬frost n. 霜；冰冻，ecosystem n. 生态系统El Niño（西）厄尔尼诺现象（一种气象现象）landscape n. 风景，景色；山水画release vt. 释放；发射；让与Lecture 4billboard n. 广告牌；布告板potential n. 潜能；可能性TPO 12Conversation 1settle vt. 解决；安排swamp n. 沼泽；湿地scope n. 范围；余地assignment n. 分配；任务；作业tangential adj. 切线的，正切的；离题的，扯远的accurately adv. 精确地，准确地Lecture 1libratory adj. 摆动的；振动的cell n. 细胞；电池；蜂房的巢室Chromosome n. 染色体sequence n. 序列；顺序JUNK n. 垃圾，废物shoelace n. 鞋带resemble vt. 类似，像immortal adj. 不朽的；神仙的；长生的Lecture 2perceive vt. 察觉，感觉；理解；认知radical adj. 激进的；根本的；彻底的representative n. 代表；典型Conversation2 paycheck n. 付薪水的支票，薪水deposit n. 存款；保证金automatically adv. 自动地；机械地；无意识地payroll n. 工资单retrieve vt. 检索；恢复；重新得到tuition n. 学费；讲授Lecture 3 primarily adv. 首先；主要地，根本上clergy n. 神职人员；牧师religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰imprisonment n. 监禁，关押；persecution n. 迫害；烦扰melodious adj. 悦耳的；旋律优美的aria n. 咏叹调，独唱曲accompaniment n. 伴奏；伴随物harpsichord n. 羽管键琴，大键琴extraterrestrial n. 天外来客Lecture 4alternative adj. 供选择的；选择性的diffuse adj. 弥漫的；散开的scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的complex adj. 复杂的；合成的category n. 种类，分类concrete n. 具体物；凝结物enhancing n. 优化，增强；drawback n. 缺点，不利条件solar adj. 太阳的；日光的virtually adv. 事实上，几乎storage n. 存储；仓库generate vt. 使形成；发生megawatt n. 兆瓦特，百万瓦特TPO 13Conversation 1research project n. 研究计划clarify v. 澄清，变得清楚observation n. 观察报告synthesis n. 综合，合成permission n. 准许textbook n.教科书demonstrate v. 说明，描述behavior n.行为cognitive adj. 认知的pre-operational stage n.前运思阶段imagination n.想象力perspective adj. 望远镜，透视的compare v. 对比department n.院系Lecture 1retail v. 零售downtown v城市suburbsv乡村financial adj. 金融的residential adj. 居住的pedestrian malls n.徒步购物区，步行街denominator n.共性white sidewalk n. 白色人行道congestion n. 拥挤，堵塞critical adj. 批判的location n.位置design n.设计accessibility n.易接近，可到达public transportation n.公共交通hub n. 轮轴，中心点terminal n. 终端，终点站sculptures n. 雕塑walkway n.人行道display n.展览品compact adj. 紧凑的layout n.布局，规划ingredient n.因素，构成appeal v. 要求，有吸引力convention center n.会展中心garage n. 车库Lecture 2ecology n. 生态学interrelationship n. 互相作用的关系species n. 物种landscape n. 风景interdependent adj. 互相依存的beaver n. 海狸，海獭waterway n. 水路，航道stream n. 河流mud n. 污泥wetland n. 湿地sink v. 沉没mammal n. 哺乳动物insect n. 昆虫frog n. 蛙类standing water n. 死水ground water n. 地下水sponge n. 海绵regular adj. 规律的，固定的dam n.坝fur n.毛皮overhunted adj. 过度猎杀extinct v. 灭绝keystone n.拱心石，重点architecture n. 建筑学archway n. 拱门，拱道shortage n. 缺点restriction n. 限制Conversation 2lab n. 实验室semester n. 学期professor n. 教授video n. 视频series n. 系列reserve v. 预订review n. 回顾，评论content n. 内容Lecture 3concentrate v. 集中medieval adj. 中世纪的poetry n. 诗歌broad sense n.广义evoke v. 唤起audience n.观众emotional adj. 情感上的imagery n.想象predictable adj.可预见的rhythm n.节奏，韵律chanson poetry n.诗歌香颂phrase n.短语，措辞translate v. 翻译heroic adj. 英勇的warrior n.勇士knight n.骑士，爵士lord n.地主，君王nobility n.贵族conflict n.矛盾contest n.竞争summarize v. 总结feature n.特征inspire v. 鼓励，激发courage n.胆量bravery n.勇气loyalty n.忠诚sacrificial adj. 牺牲的provoke v. 激起，煽动patriotic adj. 爱国的solitary adj. 独立的companion n. 陪伴adventure n. 冒险upright adj. 正直诚实的well-mannered adj.举止良好的motivation n.动机root n.来源synonym n.同义词troubadour poetry n.吟游诗outline n.概要fictitious adj.虚构的scrape v. 擦，刮Lecture 4meteoroid n.流星体interplanetary adj.行星系的terrestrial adj.陆地的，地球的comet n.彗星asteroid n.小行星planet n.行星solar system n.太阳系atmosphere n.环境，氛围composition n.构成，布置mineral n.矿物质stony iron n.陨铁石nickel n.镍indistinguishable adj.难以分辨的TPO 14Conversation1librarian n.图书管理员judicial adj.司法的chapter n.章节，篇章political adj.政治的science n.科学check out v. 借出semester n.学期application n.申请，运用Lecture 1psychology n.心理学mental adj.思想的perceive v. 意识到，察觉internal adj.内在的prediction n.预测claim v. 声称，要求phenomenon n.现象perception n.知觉experiment n.试验inaccurate adj.不正确的Blind Spot n. 盲点nerve n.神经，激励bias n.偏见，爱好affect v. 影响judgment n.决定anticipate v. 预感，预料unrealistic adj.不现实的expectation n.期望specific adj. 具体的，细节的ingredient n. 组成部分Lecture 2assume v. 假设regulate v. 调节body temperature n.体温survive v. 存活sweat v. 出汗burrow n.地洞environment n.环境microclimate n.小气候moisture n.潮湿localized adj. 局限性的elevation n.高地，高处substantial adj. 充实的，本质squirrel n.松鼠forage n.粮草，觅食perspire v. 排汗dehydrate v. 脱水reptile n.爬行动物thickness n.厚度maintain v. 维持organism n.有机体decomposition n.分解，腐烂Conversation 2schedule n. 日程表appointment n.预约profile n.简介byline n.署名editing v./ n.编辑journalism n.新闻学Lecture 3Transfer v. 转校clip v. 修剪civilization n.文明seafarer n.船员，航海家navigational adj. 航海的equator n.赤道partitioned adj. 分段的symmetrical adj. 对称的chaotic adj.杂乱的canoe n.独木舟horizon n. 地平线constellation n. 星座，星宿orient v. 定位zenith star n.天顶星latitude n.纬度estimate v. 估测overhead v. 头顶上的technique n.技术Lecture 4monumental adj.不朽的pyramid n.金字塔structure n.结构Stonehenge n.巨石柱New Stone Age n.新石器时代bronze n.铜metal n.金属monument n.纪念碑tomb n.坟墓community n.群体chamber n.卧室overlap n.重叠部分Passage Graves n.通道墓echo n.回声miraculous adj. 不可思议的stonewall v. 拖延，拒绝chorus n.合唱frequency n.频率opposite adj. 相反的alternate v. 轮流，交替的acoustic adj. 原声的engender v. 产生，引起resonance n.共鸣intensify v. 增强profound adj.意义深远的TPO 15 Conversation1 faculty n.院系advisor n.指导员campus n.校园journalism n.新闻学physics n.物理学resume n.简历prospective adj. 未来有希望的outline n.大纲submission n.提交tuition n.学费enrollment n.登记入会Lecture 1issue n.问题decade n.十年task n.任务distract v. 使分心concentration n.专注questionnaire n.问卷调查factor n.因素forgetfulness n.健忘objective adj.客观的subjective adj. 主观的frequency n. 频率create v. 产生observe v. 观察experiment n.试验perceive v. 察觉，发现irrelevant adj. 不相关的hypotheses n.假设，臆测Lecture 2admit v. 承认，允许categorize v. 归类priority n.优先monitor n.监控cortex n.大脑皮层stimuli n.刺激sensation n.感官，感受distinguish v. 辨别syllable n.音节active adj.积极的solution n.解决办法capacity n.容量examine v. 检测layer n.层sediment n. 沉淀物approximate v. 靠近，约莫gravel n.碎石，沙砾fossil n.化石fragment n.碎片water flow n.水流glacier n.冰河，冰川epic adj. 史诗般的ice age n.冰河时代erosion n.腐蚀，磨损remnant n. 剩余部分，残留differentiate v.区分，辨别tremendous adj.极大的fuel n.燃料exploitation n.开发利用industrialization n. 工业化construction n.建设mass transport n. 大众交通deforestation n.森林采伐damming n.堰塞carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳methane n.甲烷，沼气atmosphere n. 大气speculation n. 推断。

PART 1托福听力对话场景高频词汇校园设施类：dormitory 口.宿舍auditorium=lecture hall n.会堂，礼堂computer lab 计算实验室, 机房dining hall=canteen=refectory食堂；cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building 教学楼enrollment 登记，注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼，仪式commencement ceremony毕业典礼convocation.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee费用placement test开学测试excellent出色的average平均的,一般的below average低于平均水平的，差的校园人员类：university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院graduate/grad school研究生院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor辅导员advisor指导老师instructor讲师tutor个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生custodian管理人faculty教工，系receptionist前台接待员registrar课程注册员教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家学科类：学科major主修minor 副修science 理科,arts 文科,engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required> compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course 选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座discussion讨论会seminar高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop专题课程,讨论会级别Introductory入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite先修课程，必要前提上课：Attend class上课Miss class缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus教学大纲Required textbook要求的课本Attendance出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与semester/term 学期quarter 小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus教学大纲Professor's signa^U S e的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap 课程容量（可以招收的学生数），openings （可供注册的名额）Take 选（课）,drop 退（课）Late registration 晚注册作业类:assignment= homework = coursework = schoolwork 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper） thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期干刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表，问卷observation n. 观察interview v./n.采访，面试collect data收集数据broad （论文等）内容宽泛narrow down （论文等）缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time 期限outline n.大纲，提纲（roadmap）bibliography n 书目，参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n.抄袭revise v.修改rewrite v.重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试类:mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam开卷考试subjective test主观性测试objective test客观性测试pop quiz抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n 估价appraisal n.评价，估价make up for 补考，resit=retake 重考grade=mark =$3区分数perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全A be all A's and B's 全是A和B B plus B 力口A minus A 减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书reference letter/recommendation letter 推荐信，Certification 认证，qualification 资格， qualified 合格的Resume, CV financial aid 经济援助ScholarshipFellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant助学金Loan贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Student union学生会Clubs俱乐部Membership成员资格Career service图书馆类:library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication出版物periodical期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography参考书目title index书目索引alphabetic index按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal在线期刊video tape录像带back issue过期杂志current issue近期杂志archive档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品science-fiction科幻小说copier复印机check out办理（借、还）手续renew续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk 借书台shelf 口.书架photocopy room 复印室return area 还书处students locker学生存储间reference section参考书部住宿类：宿舍：accommodation n.住处，膳宿residence hall 宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者，室友corridor n.走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借，租约landlord房东landlady 女房东rent 租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartment house key 房锁匙床上用品：pillow n.枕头bed linen n.床上用品sheet n.被单mattress n.床垫blanket 口.毯子towel 口.手巾，毛巾quilt n.棉被electric appliance（instrument; equipment）电器heater, furnace 力口热器,炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry洗衣店）utensil器皿;用具kitchen utensil炊具oven烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机（hot-water） heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator （freezer）冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养bookshelf书架bookcase书柜couch沙发chest柜子;橱;箱子dresser （bureau）梳妆台cabinet （电视机等）机箱;储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard （closet）碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings室内陈设personalpossessions/property/belongings 个人财产get insurance forpossessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter 煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n.泄漏lost key 丢钥匙break in闯入PART 2托福听力学术讲座高频词汇文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay 随笔poetry 诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义futurism 未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra （管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓 foot beat 跺脚note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music / wind music 管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord和弦harmony和声rest休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude序曲epilogue 尾声建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构cabin 小木屋beam 梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original 原作copy 临本reproduction / replica 复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像animator 漫画家人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile （人）多才多艺的/ （物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous心理学infant婴儿kid儿童teenager十三至十九岁的人young people年轻人adult 成年人old people/the aged/elderly people /senior citizens 老年人mature 成熟的majority多数人minority少数人conformity从众，一致individual个体，个人self-reliance 依靠自己,自立behaviour 行为，举止behaviorism 行为主义psychoanalysis.精神分析egocentric自我中心的;利己主义的mental心理的founder创始人Archimedes.阿基米德Plato柏拉图mental process思维过程thought 思想,想法cognition 认识cognitive capacity 认知能力motor 运动motivation动机;积极性;推动intention意图,目的intuitive直觉的hypotheses 假定，假说conscience道德心，良心virtuous善良的;有道德的curiosity好奇心patriarchal家长的/族长的internal内部的external外部的;表面的optimism乐观;乐观主义generous慷慨的，大方identity身份;同一性fame名声，名望spiritual心灵的soul灵魂;心灵physical身体的，物质的,物理的habit习惯muscle肌肉sign language手语，符号语音throat喉咙，嗓子larynx =voice box 喉头subjective 主观的objective 客观的positive/negative electrode正/负电极maze迷宫questionnaire问卷subject受实验对象obsession困扰deaf聋的blind 盲abnormal反常的distracted心烦意乱的amnesia健忘症，记忆缺失动物学zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder 亚目family 科genus 属species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage 伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore 食肉的predator 捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms （昆虫等）群flock （牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd 兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn （鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system 呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct 消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine 小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak （老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion 蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙caymen / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp （鸟、虫的叫声）vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp 黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva幼虫jellyfish 水母nettle fish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼植物学botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell （硬）果壳husk （干）果壳/ （玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate （starch）碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小、麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats燕麦气象学meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体sheet （水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest（storm） / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图环境科学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes （有毒的）废气waste废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect 温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission （汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Nino厄尔尼诺现象地质学crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration / decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limeston 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble 碎石debris残骸platinum 白金/铂金silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞/水银sodium钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山（sloping） shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）（steep-sided） cone volcano 锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖叫uifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera / ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的frost heaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚（半岛）（瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称为。

托福听力分类攻略之图书馆场景完全解读预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制托福听力分类攻略：图书馆场景完全解读新托福考试的听力在许多考生眼里，实际上是比较难提高的一门科目，许多单科个位数考分的缔造者都来自听力部分。

学生往往会问，究竟要背多少学科单词，做多少篇TPO才能战胜托福听力？其实，问题都来自于各位考生没有正确的使用好TPO，甚至就盲目的一篇一篇往下听，以至于浪费了对于正式考试颇为有价值的TPO1-24套，总数为144篇的接近真题的内容。

笔者倾向于考生合理运用TPO的内容，不要每一套TPO都分开一个一个听，这样会导致考前做模拟全真练习时，都找不到一套全新的真题练习。

为了能够更好的将TPO听力的作用发挥到极致，最好是将目前网络上能下载到的24套题分为2个部分，分话题横听从TPO 1-14。

考前全真模拟考试就从TPO15-24，一共10套。

为什么要留10套呢？因为我们可以从托福考试报名情况得知，大部分新托福考生都不止一次参加考试，因此，每一次考试之前，大家是不是要留几套综合练习作为考前临阵磨枪呢？所以，笔者的TPO分类听力漫谈也会主要围绕着TPO1-14套，后面的10套，就暂且不剧透了。

笔者一向认为，托福只是一个英语能力的考试，能不能考好，其实和天赋没有太大联系，如果你的目标仅仅是100分，而不是115分以上，那更加事在人为了。

许多考生复习了一阵子，考分不理想，就仰天长叹，我没那种命~其实不然，是你还没有用对方法，或者还是在用对付学校考试的那种考前拼命复习的伎俩。

托福听力是一种既考核学术听力笔记，又beyond surface information的测试，这没有日积月累的功夫，一下子根本就没法提高。

还有考生和我抱怨，班上的某某某裸考听力就25+，但有没有想过，大部分一次成型的考生基本上英语基础都很好，又或者高中在国外念过。

你换一个词汇量1500的试试，能出来就25分吗？所以，自己感觉基础一般的童鞋们，从今天开始要跟上笔者的节奏，一起好好认真练习。

托福口语高频阅读书籍类话题常用词汇和题目托福口语高频阅读书籍类话题常用词汇和题目汇总一览托福口语阅读书籍类主题必备词汇整理paper books 纸质图书electronic books 电子书te_tbooks 课本library 图书馆magazine 杂志dictionary 字典encyclopedia 百科全书romance 爱情小说thriller 惊悚小说essay 散文poem 诗歌drama 戏剧best seller 畅销书detective story 侦探小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说popular literature 大众文学anthology 选集comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧托福口语阅读书籍类主题常考题目一览1. Some people prefer to buy new books. Some people prefer to buy used books. Which do you prefer and why?2. Some people like to purchase books from a book store while others liketo borrow books from the library. Which do you prefer and why?3. Some universities are planning to stop using paper books and magazines,using electronic books instead. Do you agree or disagree. Include reasons ande_amples to support your response.4. People enjoy reading many different types of books such as mystery,biography, romance, etc. Of all the different types of books that there are,which type do you most enjoy?5. Talk about an interesting book you have read. E_plain why you thoughtthe book was interesting. Give specific details and e_amples to e_plain youanswer.托福口语与科技有关的素材1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students shouldnot be allowed to take their cell phones into classrooms. Use specificreasonsand e_amples to support your answer.2. Some people believe that modern technology has made our lives simpler.Others believe that modern technology has made our lives more complicated. Whatis your opinion? Use specific reasons and e_amples to support your choice.3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Cell phone shouldbe forbidden in some places. Use specific reasons and e_amples to support youranswer.4. Some people prefer to keep in touch with their family members andfriends by letters and e-mail. Others prefer to keep in touch with their familymembers and friends by telephone. Which do you prefer and why? Use specificreasons and e_amples to support your response.5. Some people think that TV plays a positive role in the modern society.Others think that TV plays a negative role in the modern society. What isyouropinion and why?Include details and e_amples in your e_planation.托福口语必备高分词汇整理1aid=assist(帮助,援助)alter=change or modify(改变)ask=inquire(询问)assail=denounce(谴责)a_e=dismisseduce(解雇,减少)balk=impede(阻碍)ban=prohibit or forbid(禁止)bar=prevent(防止,阻止)bare=e_pose or reveal(暴露,揭露)blast=e_plode(爆炸)2begin=commence(开始)bid=attempt(努力)bilk=cheat(欺骗)bolt=desert or abandon(放弃)boost=increase(增加,提高)check=e_amine(检查)claim=ause the death of…(夺去……的生命)clash=disagree strong1y(发生分歧,争议)curb=control or restrict(控制)dip=decIlne or decrease(下降)3ease=lessen(减轻,缓和)end=terminate(结束,中止)flay=criticize(批评)flout=insult(侮辱)foil=prevent from(阻止,防止) grill = investigate(调查)gut=destroy(摧毁)head=direct(率领)hold=arrest(逮捕)laud=praise(赞扬)4lop=diminish(下降,减少)map=work out(制订)mark=celebrate(庆祝)name=appointominate(命名,提名) moot=discuss(讨论)mull=consider(考虑)nab=arrest(逮捕)nip=defeat(击败)ease=lessen(减轻,缓和)end=terminate(结束,中止)5flay=criticize(批评)flout=insult(侮辱)foil=prevent from(阻止,防止) grill = investigate(调查)gut=destroy(摧毁)head=direct(率领)hold=arrest(逮捕)laud=praise(赞扬)lop=diminish(下降,减少)map=work out(制订)6mark=celebrate(庆祝)name=appointominate(命名,提名)moot=discuss(讨论)mull=consider(考虑)nab=arrest(逮捕)nip=defeat(击败)slay=murder(谋杀)soar=skyrocket(急剧上升)spur=encourage(激励,鞭策)swap=e_change(交流,交换)托福口语提高表述力的招数招数一:词汇与模板常积累托福口语话题涉及的常用词汇至少要积累多多少少了,特别是一些生僻的专有词汇,像历史,医学和生物类的,大家还是要多积累,不需要会写,但是得看到眼熟,念起来顺口,不要让它影响整个口语的流利性了.另外一方面就是模板的积累了,不要照搬别人的模式,用心一些创造一些自己的段子.建议大家根据口语话题的分类选出一些比较有代表性的口语话题将自己的答题写下来,写下来可以很大程度地避免语法,用词和逻辑上的错误.这个对于应对口语task1-3还是很有效的,基本上看到问题判断一下跟自己练习的哪个话题相似就可以套用模板了,也可以极大程度上减轻考场上的紧张感,让自己轻松发挥啊.说到模板,大家也要注意写模板时候的技巧,好的通用句式应该是可以沟通不同话题之间共同点的,例如同一类问题可以有一个共用的原因来回答.还有就是多讲讲实例了,这个是托福口语考场上杠杠的黄金法则.招数二:答题逻辑的训练不容忽视但是靠模板还是远远不够的,尤其是task4-6的综合部分,在短时间内要拿出一个逻辑结构完整,语言表达流利丰富的答案还是很难的,这个考验的还是平时训练的真功夫了.建议大家在平时的训练中就进行模拟实战.推荐给大家的当然就是Kaplan和Barron两大经典模考软件了,虽然出题不是那么标准,但用来模拟考场还是不错的选择.说到真题的话大家可以选择下载个100教育的题库APP,真题机经预测都有了,日常练习还是个比较不错的选择.模拟的目的就是要大家同时运用自己的脑子,嘴巴和耳朵,而在平时的练习中大部分人是没有同时兼顾这些方面的,这对于自己的答题逻辑训练是比较有成效的.的练习材料还是OG啦,建议大家每一套题都认真对待,再重复个一两次以上,其间要注意多研究以下西方人的思维逻辑,总结自己的答题模式,在考前半个月能把自己做过的话题类型都练习上一遍.如此练习基本上大伙看到题目感觉就自己出来了.招数三:听读是提分秘诀大伙都知道,口语部分还是有听力的,所以大家的听力也需要练得棒棒哒_听读的好处就在于两者都能结合着练练.听读的材料就是BBC,VOA一分钟新闻了,大家在听的时候尽情去模仿一下人家的语音语调,能有多忘我就多忘我吧,这个对纠正发音提升整体给人的语感还是极好的一招.复述或者跟说,不看材料,边听边讲,先跟慢速,很快就会发现自己的进步了,这对于有效抓取听力信息也是极好的一种训练.托福.GRE/GMAT到底先准备哪个托福.GRE/GMAT到底先准备哪个?今天小编给大家带来了如何备考托福和GRE?,希望能够帮。