社会病理学的潜力
社会分化
整合，协调和控制 或
通过下列方式整合 a.相互依赖 b.权威的集中 c.普遍一致的文化
孔德社会静力学暗含的模型
系统
阶段
神学阶段
形而上学阶段
实证阶段
1.文化（道德）系统 a.思想的本质
思想集中于非经验 的力量，精神和超 自然领域中的存在 物
思想集中于现象的 本质和对超自然的 拒斥
孔多塞强调科学作为达到人类繁荣的一种手段的 重要性。 1、 社会科学方法：数学的概然数原理和物理学的
观察原理。 2、 社会进步理论
圣西门将社会的研究视为物理社会学的一个分支，因为社会是有 机现象的一种类型。作为一种有机体，社会能够通过调查社会的 组织而被研究。这种认识被转译成一种科学的等级，其中物理学 在最底端，社会学在最上端；关于社会学能够被用来重新建立工 业社会的信仰成为孔德思想中的一部分。同时，孔德接受了很多 圣西门关于将科学视为对宗教的功能替代的主张。
Comte gave sociology its name, however reluctantly, because he preferred the label “social physics,” but he did much more: He gave the discipline a vision of what it could be. Few have argued so forcefully about the kind of science sociology should be, and he provided an interesting if somewhat quirky explanation for why this discipline should emerge and become increasingly important in the realm of science. But he made several important points. First, theories must be abstract, seeking to isolate and explain the nature of the fundamental forces guiding the operation of society. Second, theories must be explicitly and systematically tested against the empirical world, using a variety of methods. Third, collecting data without the guidance of theory will not contribute greatly to the accumulation of knowledge about how the social universe operates. Finally, sociology should be used to rebuild social structure, but these applications of sociology must be guided by theory rather than by ideologies and personal biases. Still, there is much to criticize in Comte. He never really developed any substantive theory, aside from the relationship between social differentiation and new modes of integration.
