第十三章-final

采购合同英语(2024版)合同目录第一章：Introduction1.1 Purpose of the Contract1.2 Basis of the Agreement1.3 Scope of Application第二章：Parties Involved2.1 Details of the Purchaser2.2 Details of the Supplier2.3 Representations and Warranties第三章：Goods and Services3.1 Description of Goods3.2 Specifications and Standards3.3 Services Included第四章：Contract Price and Payment Terms4.1 Total Contract Price4.2 Payment Schedule4.3 Payment Methods第五章：Delivery of Goods5.1 Delivery Timeframe5.2 Delivery Location5.3 Acceptance of Goods第六章：Quality Assurance and Warranty6.1 Quality Assurance Measures6.2 Warranty Period6.3 Remedies for Breach of Warranty第七章：Intellectual Property Rights7.1 Ownership of IP Rights7.2 Use of Trade Secrets7.3 Protection of Confidential Information 第八章：Liability and Indemnification8.1 Liability for Breach8.2 Indemnification Obligations8.3 Limitation of Liability第九章：Term and Termination9.1 Duration of the Contract9.2 Conditions for Termination9.3 Effects of Termination第十章：Dispute Resolution10.1 Methods of Dispute Resolution10.2 Governing Law10.3 Jurisdiction第十一章：Force Majeure11.1 Definition of Force Majeure 11.2 Notification of Force Majeure 11.3 Consequences of Force Majeure 第十二章：Confidentiality12.1 Confidential Information12.2 Non-Disclosure Agreement12.3 Duration of Confidentiality第十三章：Amendments and Assignment 13.1 Contract Amendments13.2 Rights of Assignment13.3 Restrictions on Assignment第十四章：Notices and Communications 14.1 Methods of Notice14.2 Address for Notices14.3 Deemed Receipt of Notices第十五章：Miscellaneous15.1 Entire Agreement15.2 Waiver15.3 Severability第十六章：Execution of the Contract16.1 Signature of the Parties16.2 Execution Date16.3 Place of Execution第十七章：Annexes17.1 List of Annexes17.2 Incorporation of Annexes17.3 Legal Effect of Annexes第十八章：Definitions and Interpretations18.1 Definitions18.2 Interpretation of Terms第十九章：Closing19.1 Final Provisions19.2 End of Contract19.3 No Further Obligations合同编号_______第一章：Introduction1.1 Purpose of the ContractThis contract is made to define the terms and conditions under which the Purchaser agrees to buy, and the Supplier agrees to sell the specified goods.1.2 Basis of the AgreementThis agreement is based on the mutual consent of the parties and the understanding of the terms detailed herein.1.3 Scope of ApplicationThe provisions of this contract shall apply to all transactions related to the purchase of goods as specified.第二章：Parties Involved2.1 Details of the PurchaserThe Purchaser is __________, with registered address at __________, represented by __________.2.2 Details of the SupplierThe Supplier is __________, with registered address at __________, represented by __________.2.3 Representations and WarrantiesBoth parties represent and warrant that they have the full capacity and authority to enter into this contract.第三章：Goods and Services3.1 Description of GoodsThe Supplier shall provide goods as described in the attached specifications (Attachment A).3.2 Specifications and StandardsThe goods shall conform to the specifications and industry standards as detailed in Attachment B.3.3 Services IncludedIn addition to the goods, the Supplier shall provide services such as installation and training as specified in Attachment C.3.3.1 Installation Services3.3.2 Training and Support第四章：Contract Price and Payment Terms4.1 Total Contract PriceThe total contract price, including all goods and services, is__________.4.2 Payment ScheduleThe Purchaser shall make payments according to the scheduleoutlined in Attachment D.4.3 Payment MethodsPayments shall be made via __________, with details specified in Attachment E.第五章：Delivery of Goods5.1 Delivery TimeframeThe Supplier shall deliver the goods within the timeframe specified in Attachment F.5.2 Delivery LocationThe goods shall be delivered to the location specified by the Purchaser in Attachment G.5.3 Acceptance of GoodsThe Purchaser shall accept or reject the goods within __________ days of delivery according to the acceptance criteria in Attachment H.第六章：Quality Assurance and Warranty6.1 Quality Assurance MeasuresThe Supplier shall implement quality assurance measures asspecified in Attachment I.6.2 Warranty PeriodThe Supplier provides a warranty period of __________ from the date of delivery.6.3 Remedies for Breach of WarrantyIn the event of a breach of warranty, the Supplier shall, at its expense, either repair or replace the goods as detailed in Attachment J.第七章：Intellectual Property Rights7.1 Ownership of IP RightsAll intellectual property rights in the goods shall remain the property of the Supplier.7.2 Use of Trade SecretsThe Purchaser shall not disclose or use any trade secrets provided by the Supplier.7.3 Protection of Confidential InformationBoth parties shall protect the confidentiality of information disclosed during the contract.第八章：Liability and Indemnification8.1 Liability for BreachThe Supplier shall be liable for any breach of contract subject to the limitations specified herein.8.2 Indemnification ObligationsThe Supplier shall indemnify and hold the Purchaser harmless against any claims arising from the goods.8.3 Limitation of LiabilityThe total liability of the Supplier for any breach shall not exceed the contract price.第九章：Term and Termination9.1 Duration of the ContractThis contract shall commence on __________ and terminate upon completion of all obligations.9.2 Conditions for TerminationEither party may terminate this contract upon __________ days' notice for material breach.9.3 Effects of TerminationUpon termination, all rights and obligations of the parties shall cease, except those which are expressly stated to survive.以上为合同前半部分内容，详细条款和具体信息需根据实际情况填写和确定。

给经理人的第一课读后感十三章感悟英文回答：Chapter 13: Leading Change.In a rapidly changing business landscape, leaders must embrace the role of change agents to navigate and succeed in an evolving marketplace. The final chapter of "First Break All the Rules" emphasizes the critical importance of leading change effectively.Change involves disrupting the status quo, introducing novelty, and often challenging established norms. Leaders who excel at initiating and managing change possess several key attributes:Vision: Articulating a clear vision for the future, providing a roadmap for the changes ahead, and inspiring teams with a shared purpose.Courage: Facing resistance and uncertainty with determination, making bold decisions, and taking calculated risks in pursuit of the desired outcomes.Collaboration: Engaging stakeholders, fostering open communication, and building consensus to create a sense of ownership and shared responsibility for the change process.Flexibility: Adapting to unforeseen challenges, embracing feedback, and iterating plans based on emerging insights and lessons learned.Persistence: Remaining committed to the change effort even in the face of setbacks, maintaining a positive attitude, and motivating others to stay the course.Leaders must also consider the emotional impact of change on their teams. They can mitigate potential resistance by creating a supportive environment, providing clear communication, and offering opportunities for employees to express their concerns and provide input.Effective change leadership requires a holistic approach that encompasses:Communicating the Vision: Using clear and compelling language to articulate the purpose and benefits of the change, ensuring that everyone understands the rationale behind it.Addressing Concerns: Actively listening to stakeholder concerns, addressing them openly, and providing timely information to alleviate anxieties and build trust.Empowering Champions: Identifying and supporting individuals who are enthusiastic about the change and canact as role models and advocates within the organization.Creating Quick Wins: Setting achievable milestones and celebrating successes along the way to build momentum and demonstrate the value of the change.Monitoring and Adjusting: Regularly assessing progress, gathering feedback, and making necessary adjustments to thechange plan to ensure it remains on track and meets the desired outcomes.By embracing a proactive and collaborative approach to change leadership, managers can effectively navigate the challenges and reap the rewards of organizational transformation.中文回答：第十三章，领导变革。

国际公法英文名解汇总纲目版第一章国际法导论International law 国际法Jus civile 市民法Jus gentium 万民法Jus inter gentes = law of nations 万国法/万国公法Positive morality 实在道德International comity 国际礼让Treaty on European Union = Treaty of Maastricht 《欧洲联盟条约》/《马斯特里赫特条约》Naturalists 自然法学派Solidarists 社会连带法学派Normativists 规范法学派Positivists 实在法学派Sources of law = sources du droit = fontes juris 法律渊源Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论第二章国际法基本原则Jus cogens 强行法/强制法/绝对法Sovereignty 主权The Right of People to Self-determination 民族自决权第三章国际法主体Single State 单一国Federation 联邦Confederation 邦联Protected State 被保护国Permanent Ueutralized State 永久中立国Fundamental Right 基本权利Secondary Rights 派生权利Right of Independence 独立权Right of Equality 平等权Right of Self-preservation 自保权Right of Jurisdiction 国家管辖权Territorial Jurisdiction 属地管辖权/属地优越权Personal Jurisdiction = nationality jurisdiction = active personality principle 属人管辖权/国籍管辖/积极国籍管辖Protective Jurisdiction = passive personality principle 保护性管辖权/消极国籍管辖Universal Jurisdiction 普遍性管辖权Judicial immunities 外国国家的司法豁免权Recognition 国际法上的承认Effective control 有效统治Succession 国际法上的继承第四章国际法上的居民Nationality 国籍Inhabitant 居民Original nationality 原始国籍/出生国籍Jus sanguinis 血统主义Jus soli 出生地主义Acquired nationality 因加入而取得国籍Naturalization 入籍/归化Release 放弃（国籍）Deprive 剥夺（国籍）Dual nationality 双重国籍Active conflicts 国籍的积极抵触Stateless person 无国籍人Passive conflicts 国籍的消极抵触Alien 外国人Deportation 驱逐出境National treatment = doctrine of equality of treatment = NT 国民待遇/平等待遇原则International standard of treatment “文明世界”的“国际标准”/“最低标准”Most favorable national treatment = MFNT 最惠国待遇Differential treatment 差别待遇Extradition 引渡Principle of Non-extradition of Political Offenders 政治犯不引渡原则Attentat clause = Assassination Clause 行刺条款/比利时行刺条款/暗杀条款Principle of identity 相同原则/罪名同一原则/双重犯罪原则Principle of speciality 罪行特定原则/罪名专用原则或专一原则Asylum 庇护Territorial asylum 领域庇护/域内庇护Extra-territorial asylum 域外庇护Refugee 难民Nansen passport 南森护照Convention refugees 公约难民Mandate refugees 章程难民Principle of non-refoulement 不推回原则/禁止驱逐、送还原则Diplomatic protection 外交保护Doctrine of continuous nationality 国籍连续原则Exhaustion of local remedies 用尽国内救济原则Calvo clause 卡尔沃条款Calvo doctrine 卡尔沃主义第五章国家法律责任International responsibility 国际法律责任/国际责任Primary rules 确定合法、非法的行为规则/是非规则/首要规则Secondary rules 国际法律责任规则/一般法律责任规则/责任规则/次级规则Distress 危难Necessity 危急情况Restitution 恢复原状Reparation 广义赔偿Compensation 狭义赔偿/经济赔偿Satisfaction 抵偿第六章领土法Land territory 领陆Territory W aters 领水Air space 领空Subsoil beneath state territory 底土Enclave 飞地Ownership 所有权Domination 统治权Condominium 共管Leased territory 租借International servitude 国际地役Internal waters 内水Internal rivers 内河Boundary rivers 界河Non-national rivers 多国河流International rivers 国际河流Inter-oceanic canals 通洋运河Occupation 先占/占领Vacant land 无主地Effective occupation 有效占领Prescription 时效Accretion 添附Cession 割让Conquest 征服Plebiscite 全民投票/全民公决Self-determination of peoples 民族自决The exchange of territory 交换领土Reversionary rights 收复失地Boundaries of state territory 国家边界第七章国际海洋法The common heritage of mankind 人类共同继承财产The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 《联合国海洋法公约》Base line 基线Normal baseline 正常基线Straight baseline 直线基线Archipelagic baseline 群岛基线Innocent passage 无害通过Contiguous zone 毗连区/邻接区/海上特别区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区Continental shelf 大陆架High seas 公海Flag of convenience 方便旗Right of visit 登临权/临检权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权Straits used for international navigation 用于国际航行的海峡Transit passage 过境通行Archipelagic waters 群岛水域Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage 群岛海道通过权International sea-bed area 国际海底区域Single exploitation system 单一开发制Parallel exploitation system 平行开发制第八章国际航空法Air defence identification zone = ADIZ 防空识别区/空中识别区Cabotage 国内载运权The International Civil Aviation Organization = ICAO 国际民用航空组织Dol = wilful misconduct （承运人的）加害行为/故意造成损害的不法行为/故意的行为/不在乎地不顾后果的行为Two tier liability “双梯度”责任制度/两级责任制Aut dedere aut judicare 或引渡或起诉原则Aut dedere aut punier 或引渡或处罚第九章外层空间法Outer space 外层空间第十章国际环境法Sustainable development 可持续发展Pollution from vessels 船舶污染Pollution by dumping 控制海洋倾倒Pollution from land-based sources 陆源污染第十一章外交关系法Consular provision 委任文凭Consular exequatur 领事证书第十三章国际条约法The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties《维也纳条约法公约》Treaty 条约Convention 公约Convention 专约Agreement 协定Protocol 议定书Final act 最后议定书/蒇事议定书Covenant 盟约Charter 宪章Statute 规约Exchange of Notes 换文Declaration 宣言Joint statement 联合声明Bilateral treaty 双边条约Multilateral treaty 多边条约Negotiation （条约）谈判Full power 全权证书Adoption 议定Authentication 认证Signature 签署Ratification 批准Accession 加入Reservation 保留Registration 登记Publication 公布Pacta sunt servanda 条约必须遵守原则Pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt 约定对第三者既无损，也无益Termination 条约的终止Invalidation 条约的失效Suspension 条约的暂停施行/条约的中止/条约的停止施行Interpretation 条约的解释Revision 条约的修订Amendment 条约的修正Modification 条约的修改第十四章国际组织法International organization 国际组织Inter-governmental organization 政府间组织International institutional law 国际组织法Concert of Europe 欧洲协商Non-governmental organization 非政府间国际组织Organization of petroleum exporting countries = OPEC 石油输出机构/石油输出国组织Organization for economic cooperation and development = OECD 经济协力开发机构/经济合作与发展组织/经合组织General Assembly 联合国大会Security Council 安全理事会/安理会Economic and Social Council 经济与社会理事会/经社理事会Trusteeship Council 托管理事会International Court of Justice 国际法院Secretariat 秘书处Specialized International Organization 专门性国际组织Specialized Agencies 联合国专门机构International telecommunication union = ITU 国际电信联盟Universal postal union = UPU 万国邮政联盟W orld meteorological organization = WMO 世界气象组织W orld health organization = WHO 世界卫生组织International labour organization = ILO 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations = FAO 联合国粮食及农业组织/联合国粮农组织United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization = UNESCO 联合国教科文组织International monetary fund = IMF 国际货币基金组织International bank for reconstruction and development = IBRD 国际复兴开发银行/世界银行International civil aviation organization = ICAO 国际民用航空组织International finance corporation = IFC 国际金融公司International maritime organization = IMO 国际海事组织International development association = IDA 国际开发协会W orld intellectual property organization = WIPO 世界知识产权组织International fund of agricultural development = IFAD 国际农业发展基金（组织）United Nations Industrial Development Organization = UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织W orld trade organization = WTO 世界贸易组织International atomic energy agency = IAEA 国际原子能机构Collective security 集体安全保障Peace-keeping operations = PKO 联合国维持和平行动Regional organization 区域性国际组织Organization of American States = OAS美洲国家组织Arab League = League of Arab States = AL = LAS 阿拉伯国家联盟/阿拉伯联盟/阿盟African union = AU 非洲联盟/非盟Organization of African Unity = OAU 非洲统一组织/非统组织Association of Southeast Asian Nations = ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟/东盟European community = EC 欧洲共同体ECSC 欧洲煤钢共同体EUBATOM 欧洲原子能共同体EEC 欧洲经济共同体European union = EU 欧洲联盟Shanghai Cooperation Organization =SCO上海合作组织/上合组织Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation organization = APEC 亚太经合组织第十五章国际人权法Human Rights 人权The responsibility to protect 保护的责任The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 《世界人权宣言》The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》The International Covenant onEconomic,Social and Cultural Rights 《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》第十六章国际刑法International criminal law 国际刑法International crimes 国际犯罪The direct enforcement model 直接执行模式The indirect enforcement model 间接执行模式International penal judicial assistance 国际刑事司法协助Extradition 引渡Principle of non-extradition of political offenders 政治犯不引渡原则Assassination Clause = Attentat clause 行刺条款/暗杀条款/比利时行刺条款Transfer jurisdiction of criminal procedure 刑事诉讼移管/刑事诉讼移转管辖Recognition and enforcement of foreign penal judgements 外国刑事判决的承认和执行International criminal jurisdiction 国际刑事管辖第十七章国际争端法International disputes 国际争端Legal disputes = justiciable disputes 法律性质的争端/可裁判的争端Political disputes = Non-justiciable disputes 政治性质的争端/不可裁判的争端Compulsive means 强制方法Negotiation 谈判Consultation 协商Good office 斡旋Mediation 调停International inquiry 国际调查/调查Conciliation 和解/调解Bryan peace treaties 《布赖恩和平条约》/冷却条约International arbitration 国际仲裁/国际公断Jay treaty 杰伊条约Permanent court of arbitration 常设仲裁法院Judicial settlement 司法解决The permanent court of international justice 常设国际法院International court of justice 国际法院Contentious jurisdiction 诉讼管辖权Optional compulsory jurisdiction 任意强制管辖Connally reservation 康纳利保留条款Advisory jurisdiction 咨询管辖权Regional agency = Regional arrangement 区域机关/区域办法第十八章战争法Law of war 战争法Law of armed conflict 武装冲突法Animo belligerendi 交战意向Jus ad bellum 诉诸战争权Suspension of arms 停战Surrender 投降International humanitarian law 国际人道法Crimes against humanity 违反人道罪W ar time neutrality 战时中立W ar neutrality law 战时中立法Permanent neutralized state 永久中立国/中立化国家W ar crimes 战争犯罪。

★机密XXXX股份有限公司考核管理制度XXXX咨询公司二零一一年一月目录第一部分考核管理制度 (1)第一章总则 (1)第二章考核的组织管理 (3)第三章考核办法 (5)第四章业绩合同 (10)第五章申诉及其处理 (14)第六章附则 (15)第二部分考核实施细则 (16)第一章总部高层管理人员考核实施细则 (16)第二章总部部门及分子公司考核实施细则 (20)第一节总部部门及部门经理考核 (20)第二节总部部门员工考核 (26)第三节分子公司负责人及财务经理考核 (29)附表1 业绩合同 (32)附表2 业绩考核表 (36)附表3 能力考核指标定义表 (38)附表4 周边绩效考评指标定义表 (43)附表5 GS评分标准 (44)附表6 部门、员工评价等级表 (44)附表7 总部职能部门经理、员工考核系数的确定 (44)附表8 总部高层、分子公司经理考核系数的确定 (45)附表9 申诉流程图 (46)附表10 员工申诉表 (47)第一部分考核管理制度第一章总则第一条目的为了充分发挥每位员工的积极性和创造性，提高XX整体经营业绩，实现大连XX实业股份有限公司（以下简称“XX”）的战略目标而制定本管理制度。

第二条适用范围本制度适用于除总经理和党委书记以外的XX全体员工；总经理和党委书记的考核办法应由公司董事会和上级党委制定，本制度暂不涉及。

第三条考核目的（一）基于未来持续改进，考核的目的不仅仅在于根据结果奖优罚劣，更重要的是在于不断地引导员工持续地改进工作；通过对考核结果的合理运用，营造一个激励员工奋发向上的积极心理环境（二）建立良好的价值评价体系，努力实现科学评估价值，合理分配价值，从而驱动员工积极创造价值，形成良性循环；（三）通过客观评价员工的工作绩效和能力，帮助员工提升自身工作水平和能力，从而有效提升公司整体绩效，实现公司发展战略与人力资源战略；（四）通过绩效考核促进上下级沟通和各部门间相互协作，增进团队合作精神。

Teaching ProcedureI. IntroductionTones are the way our voice moves up and down. The way we use these tones iscalled intonation. Intonation is another important element of spoken English. It is the English intonation that makes English sound really English. The speaker uses voice tones to help the listener understand the meaning of the sentence. Intonation adds meaning in two ways:A.It shows the relationship of words within and between sentences;B.It tells something about the feeling of the speaker.In other words, different pitches may indicate different meanings for the same utterance. Different pitches help us express our feelings: happiness, sadness, surprise, annoyance, anger, and so on.语调是说话音调的高低变化，是言语的“旋律”。

语调能使话语悦耳动听，能使情感准确表达，能让情绪充分流露，能使语言更加生动活泼。

语调和重音是密不可分的。

也可以说，在一定程度上是重音控制着语调，因为说话音调的高低变化主要产生在重音上。

1、制备薄膜样品的基本要求是什么具体工艺过程如何双喷减薄与离子减薄各适用于制备什么样品答：基本要求：①薄膜样品的组织结构必须和大块样品相同。

②样品相对于电子束而言，必须有足够多的“透明度”。

③薄膜样品应有一定的强度和刚度，在制备、夹持和操作的过程中，在一定的机械力的作用下不会引起变形或损坏。

④在样品制备过程中不允许表面产生氧化和腐蚀。

工艺过程：①从实物或大块的试样上切割厚度为~厚的薄片。

②样品薄片的预减薄（机械法或化学法）③最终减薄，达到电镜所需的透明度，包括双喷电解减薄和离子减薄，目前效率最高和操作最简单的方法是双喷电解减薄。

】双喷减薄适用制备金属与部分合金样品。

①不易于腐蚀的裂纹端试样②非粉末冶金试样③组织中各相电解性能相差不大的材料④不易于脆断、不能清洗的试样离子减薄适用制备①不导电的陶瓷样品②要求质量高的金属样品③不宜双喷电解的金属与合金样品[2、什么是衍射衬度它与质厚衬度有什么区别答：由于样品中不同位相的衍射条件不同而造成的衬度差别叫衍射衬度。

它与质厚衬度的区别：①衍射基础之上。

②③3晶面严格满足Bragg使入射强度I0分解为I hklA 晶粒内所有晶面与Bragg 角相差较大，不能产生衍射。

在物镜背焦面上的物镜光阑，将衍射束挡掉，只让透射束通过光阑孔进行成像（明场），此时，像平面上A 和B 晶粒的光强度或亮度不同，分别为%I AI 0 I B I 0-I hklB 晶粒相对A 晶粒的像衬度为)(I I I I I I I hkl A B A B ≈-=∆ 明场成像：只让中心透射束穿过物镜光栏形成的衍衬像称为明场像。

暗场成像：只让某一衍射束通过物镜光栏形成的衍衬像称为暗场像。

中心暗场像：入射电子束相对试样倾斜入射，使衍射斑移到透镜的中心位置，该衍射束通过物镜光栏形成的衍衬像称为中心暗场成像。

4、什么是消光距离影响消光距离的主要物性参数和外界条件是什么答：当波矢量为K 的入射波到达样品上表面时，随即开始受到晶体内原子的相干散射，产生波矢量K ’的衍射波，但是在此上表面附近，由于参与散射的原子或晶胞数量有限，衍射强度很小；随着电子波在晶体内深处方向上传播，透射波强度不断减弱，若忽略非弹性散射引起的吸收效应，则相应的能量转移到衍射波方向，使其强度不断增大。