Testing the Evolutionary Link Between Submillimetre Galaxies and Quasars CO Observations of

1081. Wood is an environmentally friendly building material because it _____ carbon dioxide, absorbing it during growth and retaining it even after it has been turned into lumber.A. dispersesB. eradicatesC. sequestersD. respiresE. regulates2. Despite the fact that it is quite difficult to find, in everyday discourse, causal explanations taking the form Hume proposed, many philosophers have regarded Hume’s model as _____ causal accounts.A. paradigmatic ofB. unworkable forC. tendentious aboutD. superfluous toE. irreducible to3. Goodin notes that people have (i)_____ cognitive capacities and that they therefore must consider some factors as (ii)_____ so as to be able to make decisions about other things.4. Some people (i)_____ translations of great literary works—especially those insistent on a literal translation for whom no rendering is ever (ii)_____ enough.5. It was not until 1995 that a planet beyond our solar system was first sighted, a discovery that greatly excited astronomers. Many had supposed that the processes that gave rise to our solar system were not (i)_____, and that there were other planets in the universe. Now, observations had (ii)_____.6. The longer the migratory route, the more fat migrating birds must accumulate as fuel for their flight. The gain in body mass would make birds obese by human standards, and should render them unable to fly, but this gain is (i)_____ premigratory (ii)_____ of digestive organs, inactive during migration, and by the (iii)_____ of the mu scles that power the flight.Soil communities are dependent on plants for organic matter. Plants provide organic matter for soil communities through the decomposition of leaf litter, by oozing nutrients from roots, or through other methods of deposition of organic compounds into the soil environments. As a result of these diverse methods by which plants supply resources, unique soil communities form under different plant species and under plant communities that differ in composition. If a nonnative plant species invades an above-ground community of flora and fauna, it can alter links between the native above-ground community and the below-ground soil community. For example, an invading nonnative plant could alter the quantity of leaf litter production, which would alter nutrient contributions to the soil.7. According to the passage, plants supply resources to soil communities by which of the following methods?A. Some plants supply resources to soil communities by promoting diversity of above-ground flora and fauna.B. Some plants supply resources to soil communities by oozing nutrients from their roots.C. Some plants supply resources to soil communities by depositing leaf litter.8. Which of the following statements about the connection between above-ground plants and below-ground soil communities can be inferred from the passage?A. Because of the nature of the link between above-and below-ground communities, many soil communities are deficient in nutrients.B. The extent to which soil communities are dependent on above-ground plants is extremely variable from one soil community to another.C. Because different plants supply resources to soil communities in different ways, distinctive soil communities form under different plant communities.Based on evidence from tree rings, pollen samples and other records, scientists have for a long time assumed that interglacials—warm interludes between ice ages—were as mild and uniform as the Holocene, the present interglacial, has been for all of its 8,000 to 10,000 years. But new research in Greenland has put this assumption into question.Researchers on two teams, the Greenland Ice-Core Project (GRIP) and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2), have analyzed two different cylinders of ice, each about two miles in depth, pulled up from the Greenland ice sheet. Such ice cores trap gases, bits of dust, and other chemicals that were present in the snow that fell over Greenland for thousands of years and then became compressed into ice. By studying these components, scientists have obtained a detailed archive of many aspects of climate, including air temperatures, snowfall, and concentrations of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere.Findings from the upper sections of the cores have confirmed what scientists already knew climate during the last ice age fluctuated rapidly. But scientists were astonished by findings from the lower sections of the GRIP core, which provided a close look at an interglacial period other than our own, the Eemian interglacial, a period that lasted from 135,000 to 115,000 years ago. Data from GRIP seem to indicate that the Eemian climate swung at least as wildly as the climate of ice age periods.Researchers’ clues to the Eemian climate come from measurements of the ratios of two slightly different types of oxygen, isotopes oxygen-16 and oxygen-18, preserved in the GRIP core. These ratios register the fluctuations of air temperatures over the seasons and years. When the air was warm, vapor containing the heavier isotope, oxygen-18, condensed and formed precipitation, in the form of snow, more readily than did vapor containing oxygen-16. Thus, snow that fell during warmer periods contains proportionally more oxygen-18 than snow deposited during cold spells. Evidence of rapid climate shifts was also drawn from other sources, such as measurements of amounts of dust and calcium ions in the ice layers during cold periods: winds were strong, causing calcium-rich dust from loess deposits, which are composed of loose surface sediment, to blow across the ice sheet. Thus, differing amounts of dust in the layers also indicate changing climatic conditions.However, finds from the lower section of GISP 2 do not confirm those of GRIP. The wild climate swings shown by GRIP in the last interglacial are not seen in the GISP2 core. According to a GISP 2 scientist, the weight of flowing glacial ice above has stressed the lower sections of both cores. This may have deformed the lower ice, disrupting its annual layers and thereby causing the discrepancy between the records. Still, some climatologists believe GRIP’s record may be the more reliable of the two. It was drilled closer to a location called the ice divide, where stresses would have been lower, they say.9. The passage is primarily concerned withA. refuting certain scientific theories about Earth’s climatic historyB. outlining new findings concerning Earth’s climate during ice agesC. discussing new research that may challenge a long-held scientific assumption about Earth’s climatic historyD. describing the climatic changes that occurred when Earth moved from an ice age into an interglacial periodE. reconciling conflicting evidence concerning climatic changes.10. Which of the following describes research that is most clearly analogous to the testing done by GRIP scientists?A. Scientists studying the formation of the Sahara desert measure the rate of topsoil erosion in the region"B. Scientists seeking to determine the age of a particular fossil measure the percentage of its carbon atoms that have decayedC. Scientists researching vision in flies measure and compare the amounts of vitamin A found in the retinas of several fly species."D. Scientists investigating the development of life on Earth measure and compare the amount of oxygen used by various organisms along the evolutionary scale.E. Scientists plotting the fluctuations in rainfall in the early rain forests measure the presence of certain gases trapped in tree rings of older trees.11 According to the passage, which of the following is the most accurate statement of what scientists believed, prior to the GRIP findings, about Earth’s climate?"A. Over the c ourse of Earth’s history, interglacials have become progressively milderB. Earth’s overall climate has been generally mild since the planet’s formationC. During both interglacials and ice ages, Earth’s climate has fluctuated violently.D. During ice ages, Earth’s climate has been highly variable, whereas during interglacials it has been mild and stable."E. During interglacials, Earth’s climate has been highly variable, whereas during ice ages it has been uniformly cold and icy.12. The passage suggests that which of the following is most likely to have been true of the oxygen-16 and oxygen-18 isotopes found in the lower sections of the GRIP core?"A. There was significantly more isotope oxygen-18 than isotope oxygen-16 in the ice layers.B. There was significantly more isotope oxygen-16 than isotope oxygen-18 in the ice layers.C. Ratios of isotopes oxygen-18 and oxygen-16 varied in the ice layers.D. Layers containing isotope oxygen-18 placed stress on the layers containing isotope oxygen-16, possibly distorting them."E. Isotope oxygen-16, being lighter, was located mainly in the upper layers, whereas oxygen-18 had settled into the lower layers.13. In spite of her fascination with chance, coincidence, and contingency, Stanning’snovels are _____ constructed, written from the head rather than the heart.A. hastilyB. extravagantlyC. painstakinglyD. meticulouslyE. evocativelyF. i mpulsively14. Although traditionally artists have rightly been seen as the most _____ audience for the work of their colleagues, today taste is also created by critics and curators and occasionally by collectors.A. arbitraryB. volatileC. perceptiveD. impulsiveE. subjectiveF. d iscerning15. Every serious attempt at a historical portrait of the past will subtly absorb the milieu and temperament of its living author, however _____ he or she sets out to be.A. entertainingB. comprehensiveC. objectiveD. engagingE. rigorousF. i mpartial16. Although we no longer have to rely on salt to keep food from spoiling, our appetite for it is _____: most people eat much more salt than they need.A. involuntaryB. inconstantC. unabatedD. unpredictableE. undiminishedF. i nsatiable166Although several ancient cultures practiced mummification, mummies from ancientEgypt are generally more well-preserved than mummies of similar antiquity from other cultures. One possible explanation for this difference is that the mummification techniques or material used by ancient Egyptians were better than those of other cultures. A second, more likely, explanation is that the extremely dry climate of ancient Egypt was largely responsible, given that dryness promotes the preservation of organic remains generally.17. Which is the following provide the most support for the argument?A. The materials used by ancient Egyptians for mummification were not used by any other ancient culture that practiced mummificationB. Some ancient Egyptian mummies are better preserved than other ancient Egyptian mummies form around the same time.C. No ancient people living in very damp areas practiced mummification.D. Bodies from ancient Egyptian tombs dating from before the practice of mummification began are almost as well preserved as ancient Egyptian mummies.E. Ancient mummies discovered in places other than Egypt have typically not been as well protected from the elements as ancient Egyptian mummies were.57Recent studies of the Philippine fruit bat fauna have confirmed some previoushypotheses regarding bats on oceanic islands: for example, species richness[ the number of different species in a particular area] and abundance are generally highest in the lowlands and decrease with increasing elevation. With few exceptions, each endemic species [species native to a particular place] is restricted to the modern islands that made up a single island during periods of low sea level, and genetic differentiation has been influenced by the ecology of the species and the current and past geographic and geological conditions. However, far more previous hypotheses have been overturned than supported. Some endemic Philippine species use disturbed habitat as extensively as nonendemic species that are widespread in Southeast Asia. Levels of genetic variation within all species are high, not low, and rather than showing evidence of an intrinsic vulnerability to extinction from natural causes, independent lineages of these bats have persisted in rather small areas for very long periods of time(often millions of years) in spite of frequent typhoons and volcanic eruptions. While colonization from outside areas has clearly contributed to the high species richness, speciation within the archipelago has contributed at least a quarter of the total species richness, including many of the most abundant species.18. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. draw on studies of the Philippine fruit bat in proposing a new theory regarding bats on oceanic islandsB. show how recent research on the Philippine fruit bat reflects debates about bats on oceanic islandsC. argue for the relevance of certain new evidence pertaining to the Philippine fruit bat or the study of bats on oceanic islandsD. discuss recent investigations of Philippines fruit bat in light of conventional wisdom regarding bats on oceanic islandsE. explain why the Philippine fruit bat is atypical among bats on oceanic islands in terms of genetic variation19. The primary function of the highlighted text is toA. identify a finding from the Philippine fruit bat studies that will have a significant impact on how oceanic bats generally are viewedB. point out a hypothesis that has been the subject of considerable disagreement among researchers studying oceanic batsC. present evidence that is difficult to reconcile with other recent findings regarding the Philippine fruit batD. illustrate a widely held view about oceanic bats generally that was confirmed by the Philippine fruit bat studiesE. identify a feature of the Philippine fruit bat that does not appear to apply to oceanic bats generally20. Which of the following can be inferred from t he passage about the “recent studies”?A. They point to the need for a significantly revised perspective on oceanic island bats generally.B. They were undertaken with the assumption that Philippine fruit bats were somewhat atypical among oceanic bats.C. They remain some what controversial among researchers because of the number of standard hypotheses that they tested.D. They have largely confirmed what scientists thought about the Philippine fruit bat.E. They suggest that bats on oceanic islands are more vulnerable to extinction than previously thought.。

2021年托福阅读真题第14篇Spider Web D… Spider Web DecorationsAn evolutionary puzzle is provided by orb-weaving spiders (weavers of round webs) that incorporate impressive zigzag lines of white ultraviolet silk into their webs. which would seem to make the trap more obvious to the prey that the spider needs to catch.Given that many insects can see ultraviolet light, one wonders how orb weavers could gain by alerting potential victims to the danger posed by their webs. But perhaps these web additions actually attract ultraviolet-reflecting bees that specialize in taking nectar from ultraviolet-reflecting flowers. The fact that bees constitute the large majority of prey of some spiders with ornamented webs supports this hypothesis.On the other hand, it could be that spiders that have been catching many prey. simply because their webs are in a good spot,are the spiders that tend to add decorations to their webs. If this is true, then the correlation between web decorations and higher rates of prey capture need not mean that the decorations cause the increase in prey capture. Instead, perhaps high feeding rates provide the extra energy that the spiders need to spin their web decorations. which they do for some purpose other than prey attraction. This hypothesis can be evaluated by testing the prediction that spiders given an abundance of food should invest more in web decorations than spiders deprived of food. Indeed, in two species of orb-weaving spiders, females that received more food made significantly larger decorations, and in one species.well-ed femaleswere more likely to add decorations to their webs than were food-deprived individuals.If one places an orb-weaving spider in a wooden frame and lets it build a web there, so that the web can be moved to a site chosen by the experimenter, then one can put two such webs side by side in a field. In this way, one can compare the rate of prey capture in an ornamented web with that in another web in the same spot whose decorations have been removed- -something that can be easily accomplished by cutting out the two web lines that support the decoration (two web lines are also cut from the other web, but not those that hold the decoration), Such an experiment controls for the effects of site productivity. Under these conditions, the decorated web catches about a third less prey than the undecorated one. Thus, web decorations involve a cost to foraging (obtaining food), not a benefit, under some conditions.If it is true that decorating one's web carries a cost in lost calories, what counterbalancing benefit exists for this behavior? One possibility is that when passing birds see the bright decorations, they swerve to avoid colliding with the web and getting covered in sticky silk. If this is true, then in the experiment above. webs with decorations should have been less often damaged by birds than webs without any "keep away" signals. And in fact, the actual results from the experiment matched the predicted ones, with decorated webs damaged by birds 45 percent less often than undecorated ones.Another benefit of web decorations might come from having the added silk camouflage (hide) the body of the web builder, making the spider less vulnerable to attack from its predators. Evidence in support of this explanation comes from a set of spiders whose females regularlyincorporate a silky egg sac into their webs. The spider perches (sits) on this moderately conspicuous vertical tube of silk, eggs, and debris in ways that make her much less visible to human observers, especially because the spider's color pattern matches that of the egg sac so closely. Moreover, when the egg sac is experimentally removed, the spider replaces it with a vertical strip composed entirely of silk, on which she perches as if it were an eggs sac. Given that the egg sac seems to be used as a concealment aid. its replacement can be assumed to serve the same function.More data on this point come from a study in which orb-weaving spiders that had built webs with or without extra silk decorations in an enclosed area were exposed to wasps. which hunt spiders and feed them to their offspring. In one experiment, only 32 percent of the spiders with web decorations were captured , as opposed to 68 percent of thosewithout.1.An evolutionary puzzle is provided by orb-weaving spiders (weavers of round webs) that incorporate impressive zigzag lines of white ultraviolet silk into their webs. which would seem to make the trap more obvious to the prey that the spider needs to catch.Given that many insects can see ultraviolet light, one wonders how orb weavers could gain by alerting potential victims to the danger posed by their webs. But perhaps these web additions actually attract ultraviolet-reflecting bees that specialize in taking nectar from ultraviolet-reflecting flowers. The fact that bees constitute the large majority of prey of some spiders with ornamented webs supports this hypothesis.2.On the other hand, it could be that spiders that have been catching many prey. simply because their webs are in a good spot,are the spiders that tend to add decorations to their webs. If this is true, then the correlation between web decorations and higher rates of prey capture need not mean that the decorations cause the increase in prey capture. Instead, perhaps high feeding rates provide the extra energy that the spiders need to spin their web decorations. which they do for some purpose other than prey attraction. This hypothesis can be evaluated by testing the prediction that spiders given an abundance of food should invest more in web decorations than spiders deprived of food. Indeed, in two species of orb-weaving spiders, females that received more food made significantly larger decorations, and in one species.well-ed females were more likely to add decorations to their webs than were food-deprived individuals.3.On the other hand, it could be that spiders that have been catching many prey. simply because their webs are in a good spot,are the spiders that tend to add decorations to their webs. If this is true, then the correlation between web decorations and higher rates of prey capture need not mean that the decorations cause the increase in prey capture. Instead, perhaps high feeding rates provide the extra energy that the spiders need to spin their web decorations. which they do for some purpose other than prey attraction. This hypothesis can be evaluated by testing the prediction that spiders given an abundance of food should invest more in web decorations than spiders deprived of food. Indeed, in two species of orb-weaving spiders, females that received more food made significantly larger decorations, and in one species.well-ed females were more likely to add decorations to their webs than were food-deprived individuals.4.On the other hand, it could be that spiders that have been catching many prey. simply because their webs are in a good spot,are the spiders that tend to add decorations to their webs. If this is true, then the correlation between web decorations and higher rates of prey capture need not mean that the decorations cause the increase in prey capture. Instead, perhaps high feeding rates provide the extra energy that the spiders need to spin their web decorations. which they do for some purpose other than prey attraction. This hypothesis can be evaluated by testing the prediction that spiders given an abundance of food should invest more in web decorations than spiders deprived of food. Indeed, in two species of orb-weaving spiders, females that received more food made significantly larger decorations, and in one species.well-ed females were more likely to add decorations to their webs than were food-deprived individuals.5.If one places an orb-weaving spider in a wooden frame and lets it build a web there, so that the web can be moved to a site chosen by the experimenter, then one can put two such webs side by side in a field. In this way, one can compare the rate of prey capture in an ornamented web with that in another web in the same spot whose decorations have been removed- -something that can be easily accomplished by cutting out the two web lines that support the decoration (two web lines are also cut from the other web, but not those that hold the decoration), Such an experiment controls for the effects of site productivity. Under these conditions, the decorated web catches about a third less prey than the undecorated one. Thus, web decorations involve a cost to foraging (obtaining food), not a benefit, under some conditions.6.If it is true that decorating one's web carries a cost in lost calories, what counterbalancing benefit exists for this behavior? One possibility is that when passing birds see the bright decorations, they swerve to avoid colliding with the web and getting covered in sticky silk. If this is true, then in the experiment above. webs with decorations should have been less often damaged by birds than webs without any "keep away" signals. And in fact, the actual results from the experiment matched the predicted ones, with decorated webs damaged by birds 45 percent less often than undecorated ones.7.Another benefit of web decorations might come from having the added silk camouflage (hide) the body of the web builder, making the spider less vulnerable to attack from its predators. Evidence in support of this explanation comes from a set of spiders whose females regularly incorporate a silky egg sac into their webs. The spider perches (sits) on this moderately conspicuous vertical tube of silk, eggs, and debris in ways that make her much less visible to human observers, especially because the spider's color pattern matches that of the egg sac so closely. Moreover, when the egg sac is experimentally removed, the spider replaces it with a vertical strip composed entirely of silk, on which she perches as if it were an eggs sac. Given that the egg sac seems to be used as a concealment aid. its replacement can be assumed to serve the same function.8.Another benefit of web decorations might come from having the added silk camouflage (hide) the body of the web builder, making the spider less vulnerable to attack from its predators. Evidence in support of this explanation comes from a set of spiders whose females regularly incorporate a silky egg sac into their webs. The spider perches (sits) onthis moderately conspicuous vertical tube of silk, eggs, and debris in ways that make her much less visible to human observers, especially because the spider's color pattern matches that of the egg sac so closely. Moreover, when the egg sac is experimentally removed, the spider replaces it with a vertical strip composed entirely of silk, on which she perches as if it were an eggs sac. Given that the egg sac seems to be used as a concealment aid. its replacement can be assumed to serve the same function.More data on this point come from a study in which orb-weaving spiders that had built webs with or without extra silk decorations in an enclosed area were exposed to wasps. which hunt spiders and feed them to their offspring. In one experiment, only 32 percent of the spiders with web decorations were captured , as opposed to 68 percent of those without.9.If it is true that decorating one's web carries a cost in lost calories, what counterbalancing benefit exists for this behavior?⬛One possibility is that when passing birds see the bright decorations, they swerve to avoid colliding with the web and getting covered in sticky silk. ⬛If this is true, then in the experiment above. webs with decorations should have been less often damaged by birds than webs without any "keep away" signals. ⬛And in fact, the actual results from the experiment matched the predicted ones, with decorated webs damaged by birds 45 percent less often than undecorated ones.⬛10.1.B2.C3.A4.C5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.BCD。

2020届高三英语专项训练——阅读理解D篇（一）A new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gases may reduce important nutrients in food crops.Researchers studied the effects of one such gas—carbon dioxide—on rice. The researchers grew rice plants in a controlled environment. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. They found that the resulting rice crops had lower than normal levels of vitamins, minerals and protein. The researchers said the effects of planet-warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets, they noted.In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbon dioxide gas over the plants in an effort to create the atmosphere of the future. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein. The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc（锌）an rice grown under normal conditions.However,vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.The results are bad news, “especially for the nutrition of the poorer po pulation in less-developed countries,” said the University of Tokyo’s Kazuhiko Kobayashi, who helped to write the report. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia, the report said.One of the scientists is Sam Myers of Harvard University in the American state of Massachusetts. He said that findings like this are an example of the surprises climate change create. “My concern is there are many more surprises to come,” he said.Myers noted that pollution, loss of some species, destruction of forests, and other human activities are likely to produce unexpected problems. He said that you cannot completely change all the natural systems that living organisms have grown to depend on over millions of years without having effects come back to affect our own health.The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. One way,Kobayashi said, is grow different forms of rice that have shown to be more resistant to higher carbon dioxide levels.32. Which county would be influenced most by planet-warming gases according to the text?A. ChinaB. MyanmarC. AmericaD. Britain33. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?A. By comparison.B. By giving examples.C. By analyzing causes.D. By describing a process.34. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Climate change will be difficult to predict.B. Climate change will lead to more good effects.C. Climate change will be harmful to environment.D. Climate change will cause more unexpected problems.35. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A. Myerssaid we could change all the natural systems for the sake of our health.B. The poorest people in all the least developed countries would be influenced most.C. The researchers grew 18 kinds of rice in China and Japan in a controlled environment.D. Protein in rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions is increased by 10 percent.BADC（二）Plants are boring. They just sit there (光合作用)while animals have all the fun. Right? Not so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants. The ant and plant co-evolution(协同进化)started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Some plants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mаmmаlѕ. Тhеѕе іnсludе hollow thorns that аntѕ will live іnѕіdе, or ехtra nесtаr (琼浆) оn lеаvеѕ or stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The antwill pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed - often in a nutrient-rich area where it'll grow better, and since it's farther away from its parent, they won't have to compete for resources.But scientists weren't sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started. If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a chicken-and-egg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it's not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance. Scientists say their study maters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved.32．Some plants attach food packets to their seeds in order to.A．reward the ants B．get the seeds moved aroundC．make a fool of ants D．provide nutrition for the seeds33．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?A．How plants and ants interact.B．What ants do to protect plants.C．How plants and ants survive attacks.D．Why plants and ants need co-evolution.34．Which is true about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants?A．Ants depended more upon plants.B．It caused a race for better evolution.C．How it got started was uncertain.D．It was of little value for future studies.35．What's the author’s purpose of writing the passage?A．To introduce a science research method.B．To inform readers of a latest research findingC．To arouse readers' interest in science research.D．To criticize people's traditional views about plants.BACB（三）An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully casta net around a dummy (仿真的) satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit, the result of 50 years of spacetravel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage.Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the U. K.’s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus,Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France’sArianeGroup.Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the deb ris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris.Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the successof this week’s experiment was ex c iting, but he cautioned against“over- publicizing” it.There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects.Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said “The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks.”Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces ofjunk in the most crowded orbits.32. What is the use of the RemoveDEBRIS satellite?A. Demonstrating space technology.B. Imitating a developing technique.C. Collecting wastes existing in space.D. Symbolizing great progress in space.33. How does the RemoveDEBRlS satellite work?A. By throwing a net to take the junk from orbit.B. By fastening it to the main satellite tightly.C. By dragging satellites up to 10 meters long.D. By targeting large pieces of junk carefully.34. What does the underlined word “sponsor” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Accomplish.B. Support.C. Oppose.D. Provide.35. What’s the best title for the text?A. The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is PerfectB. How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the LabC. Why the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is InventedD. Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First TimeCABD（四）China’s cancer researcher Zhu Chen, together with two French researchers Anne Dejean and Hugues de The, received Sjoberg Prize 2018 in Stockholm Concert Hall, Sweden on Friday.“We used wisdom from both Chinese and Western medicine and offered a cure for one of the most deadly cancers,” Chen told Xinhua, “I feel that Chinese medicine has the potential to contribute more to human health. There are no borders in medicine, because it struggles for benefiting all mankind. It’s a language of peace, and of development and progress.” Chen recalled the cooperation with the two French researchers for over 30 years.This year’s Sjobe rg winners have developed a new and targeted treatment for a specific form of blood cancer called acute promyelocytic leukaemia (急性早幼粒白血病). It was once one of themost deadly forms of cancer, but it is now possible to cure nine out of ten patients who receive the new treatment. The winners have made this revolutionary development possible by methodically mapping the molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease.The prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and is funded by the Sjoberg Foundation. The foundation, with a donation of 2.5 billion US dollars, was founded in 2016, and serves to promote scientific research that focuses on cancer, health and the environment.The prize is an annual international prize in cancer research awarded to individual researchers or research groups. The prize amounts to one million US dollars, of which 100,000 US dollars is the prize sum and 900,000 US dollars is funding for future research.32.W hy was Zhu Chen awarded Sjoberg Prize?A.For the research into a language.B.For the promotion of Chinese medicine.C.For the treatment for a once fatal cancer.D.For the cooperation with French researchers.33.W hat can we know about the Sjoberg Foundation?A. It funds research in certain fields.B. It favors individual researchers.C. It donates 2.5 million US dollars.D. It awards the prize annually.34. What can the text be classified as?A. A biography.B. A news report.C. A science fiction.D. An advertisement.35. What is the best title for the text?A. New Cure for CancerB. No Borders in MedicineC. Great Contributions to Human HealthD. Chinese Scientist Receiving Sjoberg PrizeCABD（五）Few people, these days would disagree with the theory that it's vital to take time for yourself. Creating some space for enjoyment and restoration each day or atleast every week, is a win-winproposal: it’ll make you both happier and more effective in fulfilling your responsibilities at work andhome. In practice, itrarely happens, though. For some, that's because deep down theyfeet they don'tdeserve it. For others, it's simply that busy life makes it seem impossible to press pause. Either way,making sure you actually get a. moment to yourself requires a shift in perspective.Don't wait until it feels right. It's unpleasant to have unfinished tasks bothering at your mind, soit's tempting to tell yourself you'll only relax once everything is under control. But since both workand family life generate an infinite number of to-dos, that strategy is doomed to failure. Astime-management writer Laura Vanderkarn points out, it's far more useful to learn to tolerate thediscomfort of knowing your email inbox is filling up, or that the living room is still a pigsty. Choose true enjoyment. It's all too easy to fill `me time' with things you think you should enjoy,above all exercise. If you genuinely love such activities, they're perfect. But if the truth is that youdon't, you'll only get resentful: we rebel against being told what to do, even when the person doingthe telling is ourselves. Make sure at least a small part of your week is spent doing something you canhonestly say you enjoy for itself.Pay attention to good feelings. Once you do get some restorative time, borrow a Buddhist technique for making it count: when you realize you're enjoying yourself, spend half a minuteconsciously paying attention to the feelings of pleasure. For one thing, you'll often find that thosefeelings increase as a result. For another, you'll encode the memory of the experience in more detailso, looking back, it'll feel like you had even more time to yourself.32. Why is it hard for some people to find time for themselves practically?A. They think they aren't worth itB. They have a lot of pressure.C. They are in financial trouble.D. They can't spare any time33. Which of the following is acceptable according to Paragraph two?A. Never put off what you should do.B. Take a rest when it's time toC. Relax yourself with all work done.D. Put up with others' shortcomings.34. Which is the closest to "resentful" in paragraph three?A. pleased.B. relaxed.C. relieved.D. annoyed.35. What is best title of the passage?A. Learn to Manage TimeB. Find Time for YourselfC. Squeeze Time to ExerciseD. Strengthen Time ConsciousnessABDB。

2024年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．_____ his homework in time, he had to stay up late into the night.A．Finishing B．Having finished C．To finish D．To have finished2．I writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother’s illness interfered. I hope you will excuse me.A．am to have finished B．was to have finishedC．was to finish D．ought to finish3．We packed all the hooks in wooden boxes so that they damaged.A．don’t get B．won’t getC．didn’t get D．wouldn’t get4．Chinese President Hu Jintao called for an immediate cease-fire in Libya _____ an even worse humanitarian crisis in the country at the BRICS Summit in Hainan Province.A．to prevent B．to have prevented C．preventing D．having prevented5．---- What do you think of zoology?---- In my opinion, zoology is ______ botany.A．a subject so interesting as B．as a interesting subject asC．as interesting a subject as D．interesting as a subject as6．It is through years of research ________ scientists have discovered the relationship between social media addiction and depression.A．since B．before C．that D．when7．I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being _______ blind and deaf for a few days at some time in his life.A．has been stricken B．were strickenC．had been D．would be8．Many people fall into panic due to the earthquake and tsunami in Japan but experts don’t expect this to be ________ as proper measures have been taken.A．compulsory B．contemporary C．temporary D．permanent9．Lifting off at sunrise, the hot air balloon goes wherever the wind blow.A．may B．must C．need D．should10．Mother told me in a phone call that she had written to me a week before, but I haven’t received__________.A．one B．it C．something D．anything11．After college, he was employed in a middle school and there ever since.A．would worked B．had workedC．worked D．has worked12．We are living in an age________ QR codes(二维码)are becoming more and more popular in our daily life. A．why B．thatC．whose D．when13．The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living．A．that B．whenC．where D．which14．—How I wish I had worked harder when I was in that company.—If you had, you _________ a department manager now.A．are B．would beC．would have been D．were15．The petrol in the car _____ on our way to the beach, so we had to walk there.A．gave up B．gave off C．gave in D．gave out16．She seems to prefer American TV Shows to talking to me．A．to watch B．to be watching C．watching D．having watched17．I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.A．taught B．have taughtC．are taught D．have been taught18．To tell the truth, I didn’t expect that there were so many people ______ the idea.A．supported B．supporting C．to support D．having supported19．I ________ able to catch the first flight home, but my watch betrayed me.A．were B．had beenC．would be D．would have been20．I am sorry I am very busy now. If I time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.A．have B．hadC．have had D．had had第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

生命在于运动英语作文七年级Life is in MotionMovement is a fundamental aspect of our existence. From the smallest subatomic particles to the grandest celestial bodies, everything in the universe is in a constant state of motion. This innate drive to move, to change, to evolve is what defines life itself. Whether it's the rhythmic beating of our hearts, the ebb and flow of the tides, or the cycling of the seasons, the principle of motion is woven into the fabric of our world.At the most basic level, life is defined by the ability to move. Unicellular organisms such as bacteria and protozoa propel themselves through their environments, seeking out resources and evading threats. Even the simplest forms of life possess the capacity for locomotion, a testament to the primal importance of movement. As we move up the evolutionary ladder, this capacity for motion becomes increasingly sophisticated, culminating in the complex, coordinated movements of higher lifeforms.Consider the animal kingdom, where movement is essential for survival. Predators must chase down their prey, while prey must flee from their hunters. Migratory birds traverse vast distances, driven by an innate urge to follow the changing seasons. Whales, dolphins, and other marine creatures undertake epic journeys across the oceans, navigating through currents and tides. In each case, the ability to move is not just a luxury, but a matter of life and death.Even within the confines of a single organism, motion is a fundamental aspect of life. Our bodies are a symphony of movement, from the involuntary contractions of our muscles to the deliberate actions of our limbs. We breathe, we blink, we swallow, we fidget –all in a constant, unconscious dance of motion. And when we consciously choose to move, to exercise, to engage in physical activity, we tap into a deeper well of vitality and well-being.The connection between movement and health is well-established. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce the risk of a wide range of diseases, from heart disease and diabetes to certain types of cancer. Exercise strengthens our muscles, improves our cardiovascular fitness, and boosts our mental well-being. It is no coincidence that the word "animation" is derived from the Latin word for "life" – the act of moving, of being in motion, is a fundamental expression of our aliveness.But the importance of movement extends beyond the physical realm. Our minds, too, are in a constant state of motion, processing information, generating ideas, and navigating the complexities of our inner and outer worlds. The ability to think, to problem-solve, to imagine – these are all forms of mental motion, of the mind's ceaseless activity.Indeed, many of our greatest thinkers and innovators have recognized the vital role that movement plays in the life of the mind. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato believed that the soul was in a constant state of motion, and that true knowledge could only be attained through the active engagement of the mind. The Romantic poet William Wordsworth extolled the virtues of walking, arguing that it was essential for the creative process.In our own lives, we can attest to the power of movement to stimulate the mind. When we are physically active, whether it's through exercise, dance, or even just a leisurely stroll, we often find that our thoughts become clearer, our ideas more fluid, and our creativity more vibrant. The act of moving, of engaging our bodies, seems to unlock new pathways in our minds, allowing us to see the world in fresh and unexpected ways.But the significance of movement extends beyond the individual, touching on the very fabric of our social and cultural existence. Thehistory of human civilization is a story of movement, of migrations,of the exchange of ideas, goods, and peoples across vast distances. The great trade routes of the ancient world, the voyages of exploration and discovery, the mass movements of populations –these are all manifestations of the deep-seated human drive to move, to explore, to connect.In our own time, the pace of global movement has only accelerated. Advances in transportation and communication technology have shrunk the world, allowing us to traverse continents and oceans with unprecedented speed and ease. The flow of information, ideas, and cultural influences across borders has become a defining feature of our age, shaping the way we work, learn, and interact with one another.Yet, even as we celebrate the remarkable achievements of human mobility, we must also grapple with the challenges it presents. The displacement of populations due to war, famine, and climate change has led to unprecedented humanitarian crises, testing the limits of our compassion and our capacity for collective action. The environmental toll of our relentless movement – from the carbon emissions of air travel to the plastic waste of our consumer culture –has put the very future of our planet at risk.These challenges, however, do not diminish the fundamentalimportance of movement in our lives. Rather, they underscore the need to cultivate a more thoughtful, sustainable, and equitable approach to the way we move through the world. By recognizing the centrality of motion to the human experience, we can work to harness its power in service of a better future – one where the freedom to move is balanced with the responsibility to protect our shared home.In the end, the truth remains: life is in motion. It is a fundamental principle that governs the universe, from the subatomic to the cosmic scale. And within this grand, eternal dance, we humans find our place, our bodies and minds in perpetual motion, our spirits yearning to explore, to discover, to connect. It is a truth that has inspired artists, philosophers, and scientists alike, and one that continues to shape the course of our individual and collective journeys. So let us embrace this truth, and let it guide us as we navigate the ever-changing landscape of our lives.。

2020届高三英语专项训练——阅读理解D篇（一）A new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gases may reduce important nutrients in food crops.Researchers studied the effects of one such gas—carbon dioxide—on rice. The researchers grew rice plants in a controlled environment. They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century. They found that the resulting rice crops had lower than normal levels of vitamins, minerals and protein. The researchers said the effects of planet-warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries. These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets, they noted.In the experiment, scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan. They pumped carbon dioxide gas over the plants in an effort to create the atmosphere of the future. Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had, on average, 13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein. The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc（锌）an rice grown under normal conditions.However,vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.The results are bad news, “especially for the nutrition of the poorer po pulation in less-developed countries,” said the University of Tokyo’s Kazuhiko Kobayashi, who helped to write the report. That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Laos and other nations, mainly in Southeast Asia, the report said.One of the scientists is Sam Myers of Harvard University in the American state of Massachusetts. He said that findings like this are an example of the surprises climate change create. “My concern is there are many more surprises to come,” he said.Myers noted that pollution, loss of some species, destruction of forests, and other human activities are likely to produce unexpected problems. He said that you cannot completely change all the natural systems that living organisms have grown to depend on over millions of years without having effects come back to affect our own health.The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change. One way, Kobayashi said, is grow different forms of rice that have shown to be more resistant to highercarbon dioxide levels.32. Which county would be influenced most by planet-warming gases according to the text?A. ChinaB. MyanmarC. AmericaD. Britain33. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?A. By comparison.B. By giving examples.C. By analyzing causes.D. By describing a process.34. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Climate change will be difficult to predict.B. Climate change will lead to more good effects.C. Climate change will be harmful to environment.D. Climate change will cause more unexpected problems.35. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A. Myerssaid we could change all the natural systems for the sake of our health.B. The poorest people in all the least developed countries would be influenced most.C. The researchers grew 18 kinds of rice in China and Japan in a controlled environment.D. Protein in rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions is increased by 10 percent.BADC（二）Plants are boring. They just sit there (光合作用)while animals have all the fun. Right? Not so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants. The ant and plant co-evolution(协同进化)started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Some plants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mаmmаlѕ. Тhеѕе іnсludе hollow thorns that аntѕ will live іnѕіdе, or ехtra nесtаr (琼浆) оn lеаvеѕ or stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed - often in anutrient-rich area where it'll grow better, and since it's farther away from its parent, they won't have to compete for resources.But scientists weren't sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started. If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a chicken-and-egg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it's not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance. Scientists say their study maters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved.32．Some plants attach food packets to their seeds in order to.A．reward the ants B．get the seeds moved aroundC．make a fool of ants D．provide nutrition for the seeds33．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?A．How plants and ants interact.B．What ants do to protect plants.C．How plants and ants survive attacks.D．Why plants and ants need co-evolution.34．Which is true about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants?A．Ants depended more upon plants.B．It caused a race for better evolution.C．How it got started was uncertain.D．It was of little value for future studies.35．What's the author’s purpose of writing the passage?A．To introduce a science research method.B．To inform readers of a latest research findingC．To arouse readers' interest in science research.D．To criticize people's traditional views about plants.BACB（三）An experimental cleanup device called RemoveDEBRIS has successfully casta net around a dummy (仿真的) satellite, imitating a technique that could one day collect spaceborne garbage.The test, which was carried out this week, is widely believed to be the first successful demonstration of space cleanup technology, experts told CNN. And it symbolizes an early step toward solving what has already been a critical issue: junk in space.Millions of pieces of junk are turning around in orbit, the result of 50 years of spacetravel and few regulations to keep space clean. At orbital speeds, even a small bit of paint crashing with a satellite can cause critical damage.Various companies have plans to send thousands of new satellites into low-Earth orbit, already the most crowded area.The RemoveDEBRIS experiment is run by a company and researchers led by the U. K.’s Surrey Space Center and includes Airbus,Airbus-owned Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. and France’sArianeGroup.Guglielmo Aglietti, the director of Surrey Space Center, said that an operational version of the RemoveDEBRlS technology would cast a net that remains fastened to the main satellite so the deb ris can be dragged out of orbit. It could target large pieces of junk, including dead satellites up to 10 meters long.The RemoveDEBRIS satellite will conduct a few more experiments in the coming months, including testing navigation features that could help guide the satellite to a specific piece of debris.Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said the successof this week’s experiment was ex c iting, but he cautioned against“over- publicizing” it.There are still enormous barriers to clear before operational cleanup tasks are underway, he said, and the most discouraging is figuring out how to fund such projects.Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said “The challenge will lie in persuading the relevant authorities to sponsor these tasks.”Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.32. What is the use of the RemoveDEBRIS satellite?A. Demonstrating space technology.B. Imitating a developing technique.C. Collecting wastes existing in space.D. Symbolizing great progress in space.33. How does the RemoveDEBRlS satellite work?A. By throwing a net to take the junk from orbit.B. By fastening it to the main satellite tightly.C. By dragging satellites up to 10 meters long.D. By targeting large pieces of junk carefully.34. What does the underlined word “sponsor” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Accomplish.B. Support.C. Oppose.D. Provide.35. What’s the best title for the text?A. The RemoveDEBRIS Project Is PerfectB. How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the LabC. Why the RemoveDEBRIS Satellite Is InventedD. Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First TimeCABD（四）China’s cancer researcher Zhu Chen, together with two French researchers Anne Dejean and Hugues de The, received Sjoberg Prize 2018 in Stockholm Concert Hall, Sweden on Friday.“We used wisdom from both Chinese and Western medicine and offered a cure for one of the most deadly cancers,” Chen told Xinhua, “I feel that Chinese medicine has the potential t o contribute more to human health. There are no borders in medicine, because it struggles for benefiting all mankind. It’s a language of peace, and of development and progress.” Chen recalled the cooperation with the two French researchers for over 30 years.This year’s Sjoberg winners have developed a new and targeted treatment for a specific form of blood cancer called acute promyelocytic leukaemia (急性早幼粒白血病). It was once one of the most deadly forms of cancer, but it is now possible to cure nine out of ten patients who receive thenew treatment. The winners have made this revolutionary development possible by methodically mapping the molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease.The prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and is funded by the Sjoberg Foundation. The foundation, with a donation of 2.5 billion US dollars, was founded in 2016, and serves to promote scientific research that focuses on cancer, health and the environment.The prize is an annual international prize in cancer research awarded to individual researchers or research groups. The prize amounts to one million US dollars, of which 100,000 US dollars is the prize sum and 900,000 US dollars is funding for future research.32.W hy was Zhu Chen awarded Sjoberg Prize?A.For the research into a language.B.For the promotion of Chinese medicine.C.For the treatment for a once fatal cancer.D.For the cooperation with French researchers.33.W hat can we know about the Sjoberg Foundation?A. It funds research in certain fields.B. It favors individual researchers.C. It donates 2.5 million US dollars.D. It awards the prize annually.34. What can the text be classified as?A. A biography.B. A news report.C. A science fiction.D. An advertisement.35. What is the best title for the text?A. New Cure for CancerB. No Borders in MedicineC. Great Contributions to Human HealthD. Chinese Scientist Receiving Sjoberg PrizeCABD（五）Few people, these days would disagree with the theory that it's vital to take time for yourself. Creating some space for enjoyment and restoration each day or atleast every week, is a win-winproposal: it’ll make you both happier and more effective in fulfilling your responsibilities at work andhome. In practice, itrarely happens, though. For some, that's because deep down they feet they don'tdeserve it. For others, it's simply that busy life makes it seem impossible to presspause. Either way,making sure you actually get a. moment to yourself requires a shift in perspective.Don't wait until it feels right. It's unpleasant to have unfinished tasks bothering at your mind, soit's tempting to tell yourself you'll only relax once everything is under control. But since both workand family life generate an infinite number of to-dos, that strategy is doomed to failure. Astime-management writer Laura Vanderkarn points out, it's far more useful to learn to tolerate thediscomfort of knowing your email inbox is filling up, or that the living room is still a pigsty. Choose true enjoyment. It's all too easy to fill `me time' with things you think you should enjoy,above all exercise. If you genuinely love such activities, they're perfect. But if the truth is that youdon't, you'll only get resentful: we rebel against being told what to do, even when the person doingthe telling is ourselves. Make sure at least a small part of your week is spent doing something you canhonestly say you enjoy for itself.Pay attention to good feelings. Once you do get some restorative time, borrow a Buddhist technique for making it count: when you realize you're enjoying yourself, spend half a minuteconsciously paying attention to the feelings of pleasure. For one thing, you'll often find that thosefeelings increase as a result. For another, you'll encode the memory of the experience in more detailso, looking back, it'll feel like you had even more time to yourself.32. Why is it hard for some people to find time for themselves practically?A. They think they aren't worth itB. They have a lot of pressure.C. They are in financial trouble.D. They can't spare any time33. Which of the following is acceptable according to Paragraph two?A. Never put off what you should do.B. Take a rest when it's time toC. Relax yourself with all work done.D. Put up with others' shortcomings.34. Which is the closest to "resentful" in paragraph three?A. pleased.B. relaxed.C. relieved.D. annoyed.35. What is best title of the passage?A. Learn to Manage TimeB. Find Time for YourselfC. Squeeze Time to ExerciseD. Strengthen Time ConsciousnessABDB。

《⾼级英汉翻译》课程终结考试试卷（样题及答案和评分标准）Get ready for the final exams of English/ChineseTranslation (1&2)Part I E－C Translation Test1. Composition of the Test Papers & useful skills in coping with the tests“⾼级英汉翻译”课程●评价⽬标：重点测试学⽣英汉笔译的技巧，包括增译法、减译法、词类转移法、词序调整法、分译法、重译法、正说反译，反说正译法和习语翻译等。

同时也考查相关的翻译理论知识、英语理解和汉语表达能⼒。

●命题原则：根据教材所涵盖的⽂章主题、体裁、翻译技巧以及与教材难度相当的书⾯语⾔材料命题。

英译汉的课外材料必须是从英语原著上选来的未经简化的⽂字。

涉及教材内容不少于50%。

●试题结构：“⾼级英汉翻译”课程终结考试试卷（样题）课程编号：ENBAE3 1001______ 学籍号：________________ 学习中⼼：________________ 姓名：________________ Information for the Examinees:This examination consists of FOUR sections. They are:Section I: Understanding of Theories (10 points, 15 minutes)Section II: Phrase Translation (25 points, 20 minutes)Section III: Sentence Translation (30 points, 25 minutes)Section IV: Passage Translation (35 points, 60 minutes)The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed forcompleting this examination is 2 hours (120 minutes)YOU MUST WRITE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. Section I Understanding of Theories[10 points] Questions 1-10. (10 points)The following statements are about some translation theories you are familiar with. Decide whether these statements are true or false by writing T for "true" and F for "false" on your Answer Sheet.______1. Since Chinese and English belong to two different language families, one has to make some adjustments in lexicon and sentence structure to make the translated version smooth and natural.______2. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.______3. Every language adopts the same system of classifying its experience.______4. It widely agreed that there are three stages in the procedure of translation: analysis, transfer, and restructuring.______5. A word may have several meanings, but its linguistic context will help to point out the exact meaning of that word. ______6. Semotactic marking, one aspect of linguistic context, refers to the situation when the meaning of a word in a sentence is specified by the grammatical construction of that sentence.______7. In translating from English to Chinese, one must repeat key words including nouns, verbs, and pronouns.______8. In the process of transfer, the conceptual content of the message has the highest priority. Therefore, there is no need to keep the original form of the source-language text.______9. The situational factors relate to the occasion and circumstances of the speech event and to the relationships between speakers.______10. Nida believes that in testing the translation, one must focus attention not upon the extent of verbal correspondence but upon the amount of dynamic equivalence.Section II Phrase Translation[25 points]Part 1. Questions 11-20. (10 points)Choose a better version of Chinese translation for each of the following phrases. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.11. the journey across AfricaA. 遍及⾮洲的旅⾏B. 穿越⾮洲的旅⾏12. be behind scheduleA. 落后于计划B. 在计划后⾯13. play the fluteA. 玩笛⼦B. 吹笛⼦14. black teaA. 红茶B. ⿊茶15. like a cat on hot bricksA. 烫砖上的猫B. 热锅上的蚂蚁16. a concept inconceivable beforeA. ⼀个以前⽆法想象的概念B. ⼀个概念，在以前⽆法想象17. Dutch treatA. 打平伙B. 荷兰式的招待18. political campaignA. 政治运动B. 竞选活动19. mountain lionA. ⼭狮B. 美洲豹20. an instrument designed to extend the range of people's sensesA. ⼀个⽤来拓展⼈们感觉范围的⼯具B. ⼀个⼯具，⽤来拓展⼈们的感觉范围Part 2. Questions 21-30. (15 points)Translate the following phrases and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.21. a hard question ____________________22. hard water ____________________23. the last ten-day period of a month ____________________24. a good Christian ____________________25. a well-managed company ____________________26. particles moving around their atomic nucleus ____________________27. generations of painstaking observation ____________________28. an unlikely coalition of university professors ____________________29. a computer genius ____________________30. as much with courtesy as with force ____________________Section III Sentence Translation [30 points]Questions 31-40: Translate the following sentences using the translation skills and techniques you have learned from this course. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.31. Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality.____________________________________________________________32. Modern skyscrapers began to appear in the city, taking away much of its ancient charm and mystery, which was considered as a great pity by many people.____________________________________________________________33. The news had already spread along the streets and lanes.____________________________________________________________34. The examination left no doubt that the victim had not died of a heart attack but had been killed.____________________________________________________________35. There was no use arguing. The die was cast.____________________________________________________________36. Twentieth century history shows the impressive adaptive capacity of international relations based on multinational principles and norms.____________________________________________________________37. We are very grateful to you for your effort to come all the way from China to present his document to us.____________________________________________________________38. The problem of refugees should be dealt with in an integrated manner.____________________________________________________________39. It is exciting to visit your great country.____________________________________________________________40. No one was more willing to do a favor for friend or neighbour than he.____________________________________________________________Section IV Passage Translation[35 points]Part 1. Question 41. (15 points)The following passage is about problems with Darwinian Theory. Please translate it into Chinese on your Answer Sheet. You may refer to the new words and expressions provided in the box below.If Darwinian Theory works so well, why challenge it? There are several reasons to do so. Although Darwinian Theory explains many of the facts of evolution better than any other theory, it does not necessarily explain the whole process. Also, some of the results of evolution do not match what Darwinian Theory would predict.For example, if evolution leads to a perfect adaptation through natural selection acting on random hereditary changes, the process ought to slow down as it gets closer to the optimum for each species because fewer favorable changes can be made. Indeed, someorganisms-cockroaches and sponges, for example, are so well adapted that they have changed very little in many millions of years.Their evolutionary rate does seem to have slowed down. We should also see decrease in the number of species as they compete with one another and unsuccessful species are eliminated. But we see no such slowing down, and the number of species appears to be at least as great now as in the geologic past and perhaps even greater.Part 2. Question 42. (20 points)The following passage is an excerpt from a book talking about the special joys of slow reading. Please translate it into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.I discovered the worth of super-slow reading years ago. Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decided, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar. I had started with the practical object of making my book last. But by the end of the second week I began to realize how much I was getting fromsuper-slow-reading itself. Sometimes just a particular phrase caught my attention, sometimes a sentence. I would read it slowly, analyze it, read it again-perhaps changing down into an even lower gear-and then sit for 20 minutes thinking about it before moving on. I was like a pianist studying a piece of music, phrase by phrase, rehearsing it, trying to discover and recreate exactly what the composer was trying to convey.参考答案与评分标准（样题）Section I Understanding of Theories[10 points] Questions 1-10. (10 points, 1 point each)1.T2.T3. F4.T5.T6. F7. F8. F9.T 10.T Section II Phrase Translation[25 points] Part 1. Questions 11-20. (10 points, 1 point each) 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B16. A 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. APart 2. Questions 21-30. (15 points, 1.5 points each.)Marking guide:评分标准（共15分，每个1.5分）：1．译⽂应准确、完整。

基因的重要性英语作文The significance of genes in our lives is immense and it is a topic that has garnered considerable attention in the scientific community and beyond. Here is an essay on the importance of genes in EnglishTitle The Importance of GenesIntroductionGenes are the fundamental units of heredity carrying the information that determines the traits and characteristics of living organisms. They are segments of DNA located on chromosomes within the nucleus of a cell. The understanding of genes has revolutionized the fields of biology medicine and agriculture and continues to shape our understanding of life itself.Body Paragraph 1 Genetic Influence on HealthOne of the most profound impacts of genes is on human health. Genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis sickle cell anemia and Huntingtons disease are caused by mutations in an individuals DNA. The study of these genetic conditions has led to advancements in genetic testing and counseling allowing for early detection and sometimes prevention of these diseases. Moreover the knowledge of how genes influence susceptibility to common illnesses like cancer and heart disease has paved the way for personalized medicine where treatments are tailored to an individuals genetic profile.Body Paragraph 2 Genetic Diversity and EvolutionGenetic diversity is crucial for the survival and adaptation of species. It provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon leading to the evolution of new traits that can enhance an organisms ability to survive in its environment. The study of genetic variation has also shed light on the evolutionary relationships between different species helping us understand the history of life on Earth.Body Paragraph 3 Genetic Engineering and AgricultureIn agriculture genetic engineering has allowed for the development of crops that are more resistant to pests diseases and environmental stress. This has increased crop yields andreduced the need for chemical pesticides which is beneficial for both the environment and human health. Additionally genetic modification can enhance the nutritional content of food addressing malnutrition in parts of the world where certain nutrients are scarce.Body Paragraph 4 Ethical Considerations and Future ProspectsWhile the benefits of genetic research are vast they also raise ethical questions. The potential for genetic discrimination where individuals are treated differently based on their genetic information is a concern. Furthermore the possibility of designer babies where parents select traits for their children raises questions about the moral implications of such choices. As we delve deeper into the realm of genetics it is essential to have ongoing discussions about the ethical use of this powerful knowledge.ConclusionIn conclusion genes are the building blocks of life and their study has opened up new frontiers in science and medicine. They influence our health our understanding of the natural world and even our food supply. As we continue to unlock the secrets of the genome it is imperative that we do so responsibly considering the ethical implications and ensuring that the benefits of genetic knowledge are accessible to all. The importance of genes is not just scientific it is a key to our future.。

2023—2024 学年度第一学期期末学业水平诊断高二英语注意事项:1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后, 只交答题卡。

第一部分听力（共两节, 满分30分）做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后, 你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What is the man doing?A. Planning a trip.B. Giving some advice.C. Sharing his travel experiences.2. What time is it now in Beijing?A. 8:30 p. m.B.5:30 a. m.C.11:30 a. m.3. What is the weather like now?A. Sunny.B. Cloudy.C. Windy.4. What's the relationship between the speakers?A. Salesman and customer.B. Boss and employee.C. Husband and wife.5. Why does the woman want to borrow money?A. To buy clothes.B. To make a donation.C. To get a pair of shoes.第二节（共15小题; 每小题 1.5分, 满分22.5分）听下面5 段对话或独白。