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名词属于十大词类中的一种，主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。
纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查，主要以选择题和填空题为主，考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。
在备考2023年中考时，注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能等，并做到灵活运用，以便提高综合运用能力。
中考考查重点：一、名词词义辨析；二、名词的数；三、名词所有格。
考向一：名词的分类分类说明例句普通名词可数名词个体名词表示人或事物的个体名称city城市，panda熊猫，chair椅子，hospital医院，nurse护士集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称public公众，people人们，class班级，family家庭，police警察不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称rice大米，snow雪，steel钢铁，cotton棉花，corn玉米，air空气抽象名词表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词courage勇气，determination决心，satisfaction满意，happiness幸福，success成功，love热爱专有名词表示人名、地名、国名London伦敦，Tom汤姆，the Great Wall长城，Asia亚洲表示书名、电影名、各种标语Spider Man 《蜘蛛侠》表示机构、组织、团体UNESCO联合国教科文组织集体名词的分类1. 本身是复数，如，cattle牛群，people人们，police警察。
2. 本身单复数均可表示，如audience观众，class班级，club俱乐部，committee委员会，company公司，crew船员，enemy敌人，family家庭，government政府，group组，team队（当这一类词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义，如果作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指的是具体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式）►The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是构成社会的基本单位。
名词易错清单1. information,message,news(1) information作“信息”解,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。
它侧重内容,是不可数名词。
如:They must find out some information about planes to Kunming as quickly as possible.他们必须尽快查到有关飞往昆明班机的信息。
(2)news作“新闻”解,一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息,它侧重一个“新”字,是不可数名词。
如:There's a piece of interesting news in today's newspaper. 在今天的报纸上有一条有趣的消息。
No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。
(3)message作“音信”解,一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,是可数名词。
如:She often sends messages to me with her mobile phone.她经常给我发手机短信。
2. noise,voice,sound(1) sound “声音”,为最常用词,指可以听到的任何声音,强的,弱的,令人愉快的或不愉快的,有意义的或无意义的。
如:I was reading last night,when suddenly I heard a sound in the next room.昨晚我正看书时,突然听到隔壁房间有声音。
(2) noise 常指太响或人们不愿听到的声音,“嘈杂声、喧闹声”。
如:The boys made too much noise.孩子们太吵闹了。
(3) voice 指“说话声”“唱歌声”“嗓音”如:That sounds like Mary's voice. 那声音听起来好像玛丽的声音。
1.名词（n.）：名词用来表示人、事物或抽象概念，如：boy 男孩，morning 早晨，duty 责任；在句子中主要作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、同位语、定语等。
例如：The tomatoes on the table are very fresh. 桌子上的西红柿很新鲜。
（作主语）He is a doctor. 他是个医生。
（作表语）We’ll call the baby Mary. 我们要给这个婴儿取名玛丽。
（作宾语补足语）英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词，一般有单数和复数形式两种形式，但有时两种形式是相同的。
可数名词单数形式可以与不定冠词连用，例如：a book（一本书）；an apple （一个苹果）。
可数名词复数形式可以与few，a few，many，several等连用，例如：a few girls。
不可数名词是表示不可以计数的事物的名词，不能用不定冠词a（an）或数词one修饰，并且不分单复数，物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般都是不可数的，例如：milk （牛奶）；education（教育）。
2. 可数名词的单数变为复数的规则：（1）一般情况下，在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
例如：book －books pen －pens eraser －erasers（2）以字母x；s；ch；sh结尾的单词，其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
例如：bus －buses box －boxes watch －watches（3）以辅音字母＋ｙ结尾的可数名词，其复数形式是把字母ｙ变为i再加-es。
例如：baby －babies country－countries city －cities注意：如果是以元音字母＋y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
例如：boy －boys toy－toys（4）以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词，其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。
教学课题名词知识目标:理解掌握名词的概念、基本用法。
目标能力目标:理解和灵活使用名词，根据句子需要使用正确的名词形式。
重点:名词的灵活使用；可数名词单复数变形；名词所有格。
重点难点难点:理解英语里的单复数概念。
过程1.导入2.名词的概要3.课堂同步练习与讲评4.小结---名词的用法5.拓展练习与讲评专有名词名词名词意义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。
如:Shanghai,Lilei,desk普通名词国名地名人名可数名词不可数名词团体机构名称首字母大写个体名词表单个的人或者事物集体名词表一群人或一些事物的总称抽象名词表无法分为个体的物质物质名词表抽象概念的词如:Jim,June,China,Harbin.teacher,apple…family,police…water,money…health,friendship…1.可数名词(个体名词和集体名词):有单复数之分A.不规则变化常见的有:单复数同型:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mouse-mice... Chinese Japanese people sheep deer fish(中日友好永不变)a Chinese---two Chinese;a Japanese--- four Japanese(英法联盟a变e)an English--- eight Englishmen;an Frenchman---nine Frenchmen (其他后面加s)a German---five GermansB.规则变化情况一般的词以s,sh,ch,x结尾以0结尾以辅音＋y结尾以f/fe结尾构成＋s＋es有生命，+es；无生命，+s改y为i＋es改f为v＋es例词day-days desk-desksmatch-matches boss-bossestomatoes,potatoes,heroesbaby-babies fly-flieswife-wives leaf-leavesphotos,kilos, 1. Some ____ and ____ will come to visit our school next month.A. Germans; EnglishmansB. Germen; EnglishmenC. Germans; EnglishmenD. German; Englishman2.Look! There are three ______ and two ______ at the school gate. Let ’s show them around our school.A. Frenchman; GermanB. Frenchmen; GermanC. Frenchmen; GermansD. Frenchmans; Germans写出下列名词的复数形式1piece shoe orange lake23456789busbodyboylifezootomatomanGerman foxcitykeyleafpianoherowomanChinese glassenemyholidayyourselfradiotoothfishermanchild wishbabywaywolfphotofootapplesheepC.复合名词的复数变化规则: man 和 woman 都要变 girl 和 boy 却不变1 men doctors boy students 1. They are________.2women drivers girl football playersA.man doctorB.men doctorsC.men doctorD.man doctorsD.常考可数名词knifesecond chance size decisionvoicestomachacheminute mistake shape invitationtastetoothachequarter question invention concertsmellcoldhour problem discovery playexpressionfeverweek idea message ticketintroductioncoughyear suggestion difference sightcelebration1.If you work harder, you'll have another_________ to play the violin at a concert.A. sleepB. chanceC. mistakeD. problem2.-Lily, could you please pass me the_________? I want to cut the apple.-Sure, here you are. A. pen B. pencilC. bookD. knifeE.常见复数标志all/both基数词two...many/someseveral几个a few/fewotherthese/thosedifferentare/were在一般现在时的条件下,遇到复数名词,或代词,动词用原形:we all come from China.1.Those white socks____small.A.areB.isC.amD.do2.How many_____do they have?A.pictureB.picturesC.a picture3.We are_____,but they are________.A.Germans;JapaneseB.Germen;JapaneseC.Germans;JapanesesD.Germen;Japanese4.__________turn green in spring.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs5.Look!The kites in the sky are in different_____.Some are big and some are small.A.sizeB.sizesC.colorD.colors6.I can see some________on the hill.A.sheeps and deersB.sheep and deerC.sheeps and deerD.sheep and deers2.不可数名词(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与a/an或具体数字连用,但特指某物时可以与定冠词the连用。
中考英语-名词之名词辨析（含答案）-专项练习一、单选题1.—Can you give me some on learning English?—Sure．You can learn it by reading English novels and watching English movies．A. suggestionsB. changesC. prizesD. dreams2.These light bulbs look the same，but their ______ on the environment are different．A. solutionsB. methodsC. effectsD. secrets3.You should go out and do more ____. Don't always sit at the desk busy doing your ____.A. exercise, exercisesB. exercises, exerciseC. exercises, exercises4.—Excuse me. Could you tell me the ________ of the football game last night?—Of course I can. We got the first place.A. resultB. differenceC. programD. rule5.——I'm going to the supermarket, let me get you some fruit.——OK. Thanks for your _____________.A. offerB. informationC. messageD. order6.They've got a lot of for giraffes. They eat it for food.A. desksB. roomsC. grassD. water7.—More and more people come to visit Mount Huang.—That's true.It has become the ________ of Anhui.A. prideB. effortC. praiseD. courage8.Could you please get me some ________? I'm hungry.A. milkB. orangeC. noodlesD. tea9.We don't know her. She is a ___________to us.A.relativeB.strangerC.sisterD.classmate10.— Liu Xiang won the 110-meter hurdling gold at the 11th National Games again. — He is always a super star in my heart. Congratulations to him.A. prizeB. raceC. competitionD. medal11.The of a country that has no king or queen is the person who is the head of that country.A. managerB. headmasterC. president12.Let's go to the ．I want to buy a pencil．A. kitchenB. shopC. zooD. pool13.This is a of our city .Look! Our school is here.A. mapB. flowerC. nameD. number14.—Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，Tony？—Sure，Mom will be mad if she sees this _________，I think．A. matterB. messC. troubleD. difficulty15.— Do your classmates like your English teacher?—Yes, they do. She makes a good __________ on us.A. expressionB. impressionC. lecture16.-- Mum, I have a bad headache. I feel terrible.-- Oh, dear! You must get a c old. You’d better see ___________ after breakfast.A. a violinistB. a doctorC. a policemanD. an engineer17.______ is the act of doing or saying the same thing many times．A. DevelopmentB. SolutionC. Repetition18.—I have great________in finishing the work by myself.I'm so proud!—Congratulations!A.funB.successC.adviceD.difficulty19.Why are you so sad? Can you tell me the _______?A. truthB. courageC. adviceD. reason20.— Excuse me. May I know your _______?— OK. It's No. 3. Zhongshan Road.A. houseB. addressC. wayD. place21.Nowadays, people can get a lot of on the Internet.A. informationsB. informationC. message22.There is something wrong with her ________ . She cannot see clearly.A. legsB. eyesC. handsD. arms23.— Where are you going?— I'm going to run off some _______ of the exam papers.A. pairsB. copiesC. coversD. tools24.You'd better buy some magazines before going on the train. You will spend 24 hours _______.A. in boardB. in the boardC. on boardD. on the board25.We will have a test tomorrow.A. examineB. examinationC. restD. rule26.A(n) __________ is the event that happens unexpectedly and causes damage.A. accidentB. challengeC. surprise27.There is an in the zoo. We all love her.A. pandaB. koalaC. elephantD. giraffe28.The two yearly important meetings of China have ended. The people who attended them had many ________ about the important decisions of our nation.A. situationsB. discussionsC. protections29.Three million _______ a large number. You can make it _______.A. are; smallB. is; smallerC. is; smallD. are; smaller30.Don't stand too close to North Americans. You'd better give them more personal ___ .A. timeB. systemC. spaceD. pity31.I like playing very much.A. soccerB. the soccerC. soccer ball.D. the soccer ball32.—Is she your ________？—Yes, she is. She's my mother's sister.A. uncleB. auntC. grandmotherD. grandfather33.— David, have you written to Sigmund Friend to ask for help?—Yes, but I’m sorry I haven’t got any ________ my problems.A. replies toB. answers toC. repliesD. answers34.——What is your favorite vegetable?——I like _________ best.A. applesB. noodlesC. potatoesD. beef35.—Are you a teacher?—No. I' m aA. fatherB. friendC. boyD. guide二、填空题36.I would like you to keep ________ (friend) with your good friends.37.My father weighs 75 ________ （kilogrammes, kilometers）.38.Can you hear her ________ (introduce) clearly?39.Who is the ________ (produce)of this new kind of computer program?40.－Would you like something to drink?－Yes, I'd like some________. (water/eggs)答案解析部分一、单选题1.—Can you give me some on learning English?—Sure．You can learn it by reading English novels and watching English movies．A. suggestionsB. changesC. prizesD. dreams【答案】A【考点】名词辨析【解析】【分析】句意：你能给我一些学习英语的……吗？－当然，你可以通过阅读英语小说，看英语电影学习。
中考英语语法丨名词详解及精题精练（附答案）一、可数名词复数形式的构成方法1.一般情况下,在名词词尾直接加-scake→cakes（蛋糕）student→students（学生）2.以[s]、[z]、[∫]、[3]、[t∫]、[d3]等音素结尾的名词变复数时加-es;如果词尾为e,则只!加-Sbus→buses（公交车）box→boxes（盒子）watch→watches（手表）3.以“辅音字母+ y"结尾的名词,大多数变y为i再加-es;以“元音字母+ y"结尾的名词直接加-Sbaby→babies（婴儿）city→cities（城市）country→countries（国家）toy→toys（玩具）monkey→monkeys（猴子）4.以f(e)结尾的名词，大多数将f(e)改为v，再加-eswife→wives（妻子）knife→knives（刀子）leaf→leaves（树叶）half→halves（一半）self→selves（自己）shelf→shelves（架子）wolf→wolves（狼）thief→thieves（小偷、强盗）life→lives（生命）巧记为：妻子自己用半片树叶和一把刀子结束了藏在架子后面的狼和强盗的生命。
5.以“辅音字母+ o”结尾的名词，多数情况下加-es，photo、piano除外;以“元音字母+ o”结尾的名词一般加-s。
①Negro→Negroesheroe→heroestomato→tomatoespotato →potatoes巧记为：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯②zoo→zoos radio→radios6.改变内部元音或词尾构成复数形式的名词man→menwoman→womenfoot →feettooth →teethchild→children7.表示“某国人”的词变复数时，Chinese、Japanese等单复数形式相同; Englishman、Frenchman是把字母a变成字母e;American、Australian、Canadian、German等是在词尾直接加-s。
人教版中考英语中考英语总复习名词专项讲解及练习一、初中英语名词1．—What is the ______ of your excellent spoken English?—Practice makes perfect!A. resultB. influenceC. dutyD. secret【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：你流利口语的秘诀是什么？-- 实践出真知。
A. 结果B. 影响C. 职责 D.t秘诀，故答案为D。
【点评】本题考查名词的词义辨析。
2．（·鄂州）—The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive.—Don't worry. You can enjoy yourself. It's my _________.A. timeB. treatC. taskD. taste【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：——餐馆里的菜一定非常贵。
——别担心，你可以随便吃，我请客。
It's my treat.我请客。
故选B。
【点评】考查名词辨析。
3．（•徐州）My cousin works for an airline. He flies planes. He is __________.A. an inventorB. a scientistC. an explorerD. a pilot【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：我的表弟在航空公司工作。
他驾驶飞机。
他是一名飞行员。
an inventor一个发明家；a scientist一名科学家；an explorer一名探险员；a pilot一名飞行员。
根据句意可知在航空公司上班，而且又驾驶飞机的，应是飞行员，故选D。
【点评】此题考查关于职业的名词辨析，注意根据句意选择正确的职业。
4．（•重庆） It's cold today. Take your with you when you go out.A. knifeB. coatC. brushD. key【答案】 B【解析】【分析】考查名词词义辨析。
中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中名词入门测一、选词填空Shanghai milk car Lily student beef专有名词：__________ __________可数名词：__________ __________不可数名词：__________ __________二、写出下列名词的复数形式。
1. tooth_________2.eye__________3. sheep_________4.tomato_______5. library_________6.mouse_________7. photo________ 8.telephone_________三、单选题（）1. Here are ______ for you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD. some tomato（）2. There are seven ______ in a week.A. yearsB. monthsC. daysD. minute（）3. Many ______ are singing over there.A. womanB. womenC. girlD. child（）4.I want to eat _____.A. two meatB. some meatC. two meats （）5. Do you want a little _____?A. chocolatesB. fishesC. fish（）6. The room on the right is ________.A. herB. sheC. Lucy’sD. Lucy教学目标知识梳理名词的分类名词可以根据其意义分为专有名词和普通名词。
名词类别意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim, China,Qingdao, the UnitedKingdom, the GreatWall中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中(一)专有名词专有名词是用来表示特定的人、事物、地点或机构的名称。
1.专有名词的类别:人名:John 约翰, Linda 琳达，Einstein 爱因斯坦; 国名、地名、山河名:China 中国,Hong Kong 香港;机构报刊: the United Nations 联合国, China Daily 中国日报; 星期，节日： Friday 早期五.National Day 国庆节,Christmas 圣诞2.专有名词的用法(1)专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写，专有名词前一般不加冠词，但由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词“the”，“the”不大写，例如：Beijing, the People’s Republic of China, the Great Wall(2)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）,如：theGreens( 格林一家人)。
(3)节日中传统节日前要加“the”，其余不加“the”，如：the SpringFestival, Mother’s Day(二)普通名词普通名词表示一类人或事物所共有的名称，或表示物质名词和抽象概念的名称。
普通名词包括个体名词，集体名词，物质名词，抽象名词。
(1)个体名词表示个体人或事物的名词叫个体名词，有单，复数之分，可以和不定冠词a,an 连用。
a bird 一只鸟 a bear 一只熊 an eraser 一块橡皮也可以和基数词搭配表示具体的单数。
two chairs 两把椅子 five boys 五个男孩(2)集体名词表示一群人或一类事物的集合体的名词叫集体名词。
family 家庭 team 队 police 警察(3)物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质名称叫物质名词，通常没有复数形式。
这类名词通常不能和不定冠词a, an 连用，也不能和基数词表示个数。
air 空气 milk 牛奶 meat 肉注意；不可以说 a water, two waters.(4)抽象名词表示事物的性质，人的品质，行为，状态，情感等抽象概念的名词叫抽象名词。
health 健康 danger 危险 love 爱【即学即练】( ) My dad likes to read _______. He reads_______every day.A. Newspapers, China DailyB. newspapers, china dailyC. newspapers, China DailyD. newspapers, China daily名词的数中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。
1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a 或an”，当单词的音标以元音因素开始用an，辅音因素开始用a；复数形式是在名词后加“-s 或-es”。
名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：名词变复数的发音规则：2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化(1)不规则变化：tooth--teeth, foot--feet, goose--geese, mouse--mice, child--children, ox--oxen, man--men, woman--women, postman--postmen, policeman--policemen, policewoman--policewomen; mailman--mailmen; Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen(2)单复数同形：deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, goldfish-goldfish, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese(3)复合名词：由man 和woman 构成的复合名词, 前后都要变复数；其他只变后面词中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中例如： a man doctor--men doctors, a woman teacher--womenteachers a man scientist-men scientists, a dinner table--dinnertables(4)有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式例如：shoes, gloves, socks, trousers, shorts, pants, glasses, scissors, etc;(5)有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数（其后的谓语动词要用单数）例如：news, maths, physics, politics, works（工厂）(6)有些集体名词形式上是单数，而意义上是复数，谓语动词也用复数。
例如：people（人们）, police 总为复数，单数分别用person 和policeman、policewoman 表示例如：family（家庭、家庭成员）, group（组、组成员）, class（班，班里的学生）(7)某国家人：中日不变、英法变，其他s 加后面例如：Chinese-Chinese, Japan-Japanese, Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen3.不可数名词：(一) 表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。
他们前面不能用a/an,也不能用数词修饰（如one, two……），没有复数形式。
物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。
不可数名词的归类：1、表示液体：water, juice, milk, coffee, coke, ink(墨水)2、表示自然现象：snow, rain, ice3、表示食品类：bread, rice, jam(果酱), honey(蜂蜜), meat,mutton(羊肉),beef(牛肉), pork(猪肉), chicken(鸡肉),fish(鱼肉),tofu(豆腐).food ice-cream (冰激凌)4、其它类：paper(纸), news(新闻), homework(作业),housework(家务活)【总结】:物质名词不可数，金、木、水、火、土与沙；牛奶、面包、布与茶；咖啡、果汁、葡萄酒；新闻.、粉笔、墨水纸，煤、油，天{天气}气{空气}送到家。
（二）不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 不可数名词的量可以借助piece，cup，kilo 等单位词来表示:①不可数名词可以用some, any, little/a little,不能用many, few/a few 来修饰错误Jerry has many homeworks today. 正确:Jerry has much homework today.对不可数名词的量的提问应该用how much,对可数名词个数的提问应该用how many,The monkey eats 2 kilos of fruit every day.How much fruit does the monkey eat every day?①物质名词在表示数量时, 常用某个量词+of 来表示例如：a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples②同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。
（特别是表示种类为可数）例如：food 食物--- foods 各种食物，fish 鱼---fishes 各种鱼类，fruit 水果---fruits 各种水果，vegetable 蔬菜--- vegetables 各种蔬菜，candy 糖果---candies 各种糖果③有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，意思上也有了变化。
中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中中例如：beer--a beer 一杯啤酒，coffee--a coffee 一杯咖啡，glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯，room 空间--a room 一个房间，work--a work 著作【即学即练】1.Kate needs ________ empty paper cup,______ rice and ______ paper to make a shaker.A. a, some, aB. an, some, aC. an, some, a piece of.D. an, many, a piece of2.In our school, we have many________(club).3.The Whites have four__________ (child), two daughters and two sons.4.I want to eat_ _(a) apple.5.The_______(policeman) are running after a thief.特色讲解名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+’s；另一种是用of, 表示 “……的”。
