补充阅读：Post-Cold War International Relations Trends And Portents

高中英语真题:2015高考英语阅读理解、完形填空课外练（10）答案（三月）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

In parts of Africa, the sky is filled with a dark cloud. But this is no rain cloud. It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts tha t are traveling across the continent eating everything in their p ath.And in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Seneg al, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. The radio station is in one of Senegal’s worst affected regions.This is West Africa’s biggest locust disaster in 15 years, and it is moving east, causing huge damage to crops. As they mov e, they breed, and increase their number and will soon threate n Sudan in the northeast of Africa. Some say it could reach A sia.Experts say the great damage to crops in areas already suffer ing from food shortages and war could cause many people to go hungry. Governments in the region are not well equipped to fight the pest.Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is n ot expected to be enough. “We are now treating 6,000 hectar es per day with pesticide, but we need to treat 20,000 hectare s per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster ,” said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah, director of locust cont rol in Mauritania.Requests are being made for international aid, which is the on ly way to limit the crisis, the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organi zation warned.1. The purpose of offering people rice for catching locusts in S enegal is ________.A. to get more people to eat rice so as to leave less for locust sB. to get more people involved in the war on the locustsC. to prevent more people from starvationD. to get more people to listen to the radio report on locusts2. Which of the following is not the reason for West Africans g oing hungry?A. Locust disaster causes the great damage to crops.B. Food supply is far from the need of the people.C. These regions are affected by the war.D. Governments are unwilling to fight the pest.3. It can be concluded that, in order to end the locust disaster, ________.A. leaders of 12 countries in West Africa should call on their p eople to take actionB. insects experts should be sent to these regionsC. other countries outside Africa should keep close watch on t heir own landsD. Help from all over the world is in urgent demand4. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Food shortage in Africa.B. International aid to Afric a.C. The insects attack on Africa.D. Terrible storm in Afric a.1. B 推测题。

大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷18(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.The news about the world’s oceans in 2003 wasn’t that they’re in trouble —that much was already clear —but that the scale of devastation is far greater than anyone had realized. A shocking study revealed that a full 90 percent of the species most desirable to fishmongers(鱼商)—tuna, halibut, sharks, swordfish, grouper —has been wiped out in the past half century. But there was hopeful news as well. An alternative to conventional fishing practices, while not a cure-all(万灵药), could significantly restore ravaged fish populations. The chilling centerpiece of last year’s marine research: just 50 years of industrial fishing has decimated(大批杀害)the world’s large predator(食肉动物)fish species, according to a report published in Nature in May. Irresponsible fishing practices have resulted severe casualties: Shrimp trawling(拖网捕捞)in the Gulf of Mexico, for example, a reckless process in which, for every ton of shrimp obtained, three tons of fin-fish(长须鲸)are destroyed and discarded —has shrunk large fish stocks a thousandfold. “Across the board we’ve removed everything bigger than a bicycle from the o-cean,”says Steve Palumbi, a Stanford University biologist, “and that has almost certainly changed the ocean in fundamental ways. “But the urgent need for large-scale conservation efforts is on a collision course with economic pressures to expand fishing even further, according to a 2003 report by the Pew Oceans Commission, an independent expert panel, as well as preliminary reports from members of the Bush-appointed U. S. commission on Ocean Policy. Americans are eating more seafood than ever: Consumption was up 7 percent in 2002, to 4. 5 billion pounds. Worldwide, more than 130 billion pounds of marine species are caught annually, and that doesn’t include the huge amount of sea life destroyed as by-catch. More than a billion people rely on fish for protein. “ We need to change the whole ethic of how we are viewing the oceans,”says Andrew Rosenberg, a member of the Commission on Ocean Policy, “ from a place that we use to a place we care for. “In September marine biologists Fiona Gell and Callum Roberts of the University of York in England offered a solution, boldly asserting that at least 30 percent of the world’s ocean habitat had to become safe zones for marine life. It’s a practical, not a sentimental matter, they contend. After studying 60 no-fishing zones around the world, Gell and Roberts discovered that the fish there live longer, grow larger, and produce more young than those in unprotected areas. Significantly, as populations growing, many fish head into less crowded areas outside the reserve, where fishermen reap the benefits indefinitely. “It’s a no-brainer(无需用脑的事), really, isn’t it?”Roberts observes. “Like money in the bank producing interest. “1．What’s the news about the oceans in 2003?A．People ignore what the oceans are suffering.B．The scale of the ocean devastation is out of our expectation.C．The fishmongers are making effort to improve their fishing practices.D．The oceans are losing many rare species.正确答案：B解析：事实细节题。

Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 21Author: Anderson, BenedictYear: 1987Title: How did the generals Die?Journal: IndonesiaVolume: 43Pages: 109-135Short Title: How did the generals Die?Notes: Analysis about newspaper propaganda that led toward 1965 massacre Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 28Author: AnonymYear: 1986Title: Report from East JavaJournal: IndonesiaVolume: 41Pages: 135-149Short Title: Report from East JavaNotes: This article is written probably by army intelligent officer who conducted assessment about relations of force in East Java province during the period of massacre. Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 19Author: Aveling, HerryYear: 1975Title: Gestapu: Indonesian Short Stories on the Abortive Coup of the 30th September 1965City: HonoluluPublisher: Southeast Asian Studies Program, University of HawaiiShort Title: Gestapu: Indonesian Short Stories on the Abortive Coup of the 30th September 1965Notes: The first published account about the massacre from the literary point of view. Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 26Author: Brackman, Arnold C.Year: 1969Title: The Communist Collapse in IndonesiaCity: New YorkPublisher: W W NortonShort Title: The Communist Collapse in IndonesiaNotes: Description from US anticommunist writerReference Type: Magazine ArticleRecord Number: 43Author: Contenay, JeanYear: 1967Title: Another BloodbathMagazine: Far Eastern Economic ReviewPages: 357-367Date: 23 NovemberShort Title: Another BloodbathReference Type: Edited BookRecord Number: 16Editor: Cribb, RobertYear: 1990Title: The Indonesian Killings 1965-1966: Studies from Java and BaliCity: MelbournePublisher: Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, Monash UniversityShort Title: The Indonesian Killings 1965-1966: Studies from Java and Bali Notes: It contains academic articles, journalistic and personal account of massacre Reference Type: Book SectionRecord Number: 17Author: Cribb, RobertYear: 1990Title: Introduction: Problems in the Historiography of the Killings in Indonesia Editor: Cribb, RobertBook Title: The Indonesian Killings 1965-1966: Studies from Java and BaliCity: MelbournePublisher: Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, Monash UniversityShort Title: Introduction: Problems in the Historiography of the Killings in Indonesia Notes: This article provide an evaluation to the historiography of massacre Reference Type: Book SectionRecord Number: 18Author: Cribb, RobertYear: 2001Title: How Many Deaths?: Problems in the Statistics of Massacre in Indonesia (1965-1966) and East Timor (1975-1980)Editor: Wimhofer, Ingrid Wessel & GeorgiaBook Title: Violence in IndonesiaCity: HamburgPublisher: Abera Verlag Markus VossShort Title: How Many Deaths?: Problems in the Statistics of Massacre in Indonesia (1965-1966) and East Timor (1975-1980)Notes: Comparative analysis about ET and Indonesian massacre, with statistical number of deathReference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 23Author: Farram, StevenYear: 2002Title: Revolution, Religion and Magic The PKI in West Timor, 1924-1966Journal: Bijdragen tot de Taal, Land en VolkenkundeVolume: 158Short Title: Revolution, Religion and Magic The PKI in West Timor, 1924-1966 Notes: It contain historical development of communist movement and the massacre from outside JavaReference Type: BookRecord Number: 10Author: Flanagan, Julie Southwood & PatrickYear: 1983Title: Indonesia: Law, Propaganda and TerrorCity: LondonPublisher: Zed PressShort Title: Indonesia: Law, Propaganda and TerrorNotes: Contain some analysis about the work of army propaganda in the massacre against communist, and the language of anti-communist terror.Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 42Author: Green, MarshallYear: 1990Title: Indonesia: Crisis and Transformation, 1965-1968City: Washington DCPublisher: Compas PressShort Title: Indonesia: Crisis and Transformation, 1965-1968Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 41Author: Griswold, DeirdreYear: 1975Title: Indonesia, the Second Greatest Crime of the CenturyCity: New YorkPublisher: World View PublishersShort Title: Indonesia, the Second Greatest Crime of the CenturyReference Type: BookRecord Number: 2Author: Heffner, Robert W.Year: 1990Title: The Political Economy of Mountain Java: An Interpretative History.City: CaliforniaPublisher: University of California PressShort Title: The Political Economy of Mountain Java: An Interpretative History. Notes: The last chapter of this book contain information about massacre in the Pasuruan district, East Java province.Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 3Author: Heffner, Robert W.Year: 2000Title: Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in IndonesiaCity: PrincetonPublisher: Princeton University PressShort Title: Civil Islam: Muslims and Democratization in IndonesiaNotes: The second chapter of this book contain analysis about the role of Muslim organizations in the massacreReference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 15Author: Heryanto, ArielYear: 1999Title: Where Communism Never Dies: Violence, Trauma and Narration in the Last Cold War Capitalist Authoritarian StateJournal: International Journal of Cultural StudiesVolume: 2Issue: 2Pages: 147-177Short Title: Where Communism Never Dies: Violence, Trauma and Narration in the Last Cold War Capitalist Authoritarian StateReference Type: BookRecord Number: 4Author: Hughes, JohnYear: 1967Title: Indonesia UpheavalCity: New YorkPublisher: Mc.KayShort Title: Indonesia UpheavalNotes: This is a journalistic account of massacre based on interviews following the massacre in Central and East Java.Reference Type: ReportRecord Number: 20Author: International, AmnestyYear: 1977Title: Indonesia, An Amnesty International ReportCity: LondonInstitution: Amnesty InternationalShort Title: Indonesia, An Amnesty International ReportReference Type: Edited BookRecord Number: 25Editor: Jonge, Frans Husken & Huub deYear: 2002Title: Violence and Vengeance: Discontent and Conflict in New Order Indonesia City: HamburgPublisher: Verlag fur Entwirkclungspolitik SaarbruckenShort Title: Violence and Vengeance: Discontent and Conflict in New Order Indonesia Reference Type: Government DocumentRecord Number: 27Author: Keefer, Edward C.Year:2001Title:Indonesia; Malaysia-Singapore; PhilippinesDepartment: Foreign Relatios of the United States, 1964-1968Publisher: United States Government Printing OfficeVolume: XXVIReference Type: Unpublished WorkRecord Number: 6Author: Lyon, Margo L.Year:1970Title of Work:Bases of Conflict in Rural JavaInstitution: University of California, BerkeleyType of Work: Working PaperNotes: This paper is an analysis about socio-economic background of Javanese rural society (especially about land-conflict) that provide analytical background of the massacre.Translated Title: Dasar-Dasar Konflik Di JawaReference Type: BookRecord Number: 5Author: May, BrianYear: 1978Title: The Indonesian TragedyCity: SingaporePublisher: Graham BashShort Title: The Indonesian TragedyNotes: The book contain narrative analysis about the military coup and massacre that followed.Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 7Author: McGregor, Katherine E.Year: 2002Title: Commemoration of 1 October, "Hari Kesaktian Pancasila": A Post Mortem Analysis. Journal: Asian Studies ReviewVolume: 26Issue: IPages: 39-72Short Title: Commemoration of 1 October, "Hari Kesaktian Pancasila": A Post Mortem Analysis.Reference Type: ManuscriptRecord Number: 22Author: McVey), Benedict Anderson (with Ruth T.Year: 1971Title: A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965 Coup in IndonesiaCollection Title Modern Indonesian Project Cornell UniversityCity: IthacaShort Title: A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965 Coup in Indonesia Reference Type: ReportRecord Number: 39Author: Mortimer, RexYear: 1972Title: The Indonesian Communist Party and Land ReformCity: MelbourneInstitution: Monash Paper on Southeast Asia No. 1Short Title: The Indonesian Communist Party and Land ReformReference Type: BookRecord Number: 38Author: Mortimer, RexYear: 1974Title: Indonesian Communism Under Soekarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959-1965 City: IthacaPublisher: Cornell University PressShort Title: Indonesian Communism Under Soekarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959-1965 Notes: The last chapter of this book contain analysis about 1965 coup and massacre that followed.Reference Type: Magazine ArticleRecord Number: 40Author: Moser, DonYear: 1966Title: Where the rivers ran crimson from butcheryMagazine: LifePages: 26-29Date: 1 JulyShort Title: Where the rivers ran crimson from butcheryReference Type: BookRecord Number: 37Author: Palmer, LeslieYear: 1973Title: Communist in Indonesia: Power Pursued in VainCity: New YorkPublisher: Anchor PressShort Title: Communist in Indonesia: Power Pursued in VainReference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 29Author: Rey, LucienYear: 1966Title: Dossier of the Indonesian DramaJournal: New Left ReviewVolume: 36Pages: 26-40Short Title: Dossier of the Indonesian DramaReference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 30Author: Robinson, GeoffreyYear: 1988Title: State, Society and Political Conflict in Bali, 1945-1965Journal: IndonesiaVolume: 45Pages: 37-56Short Title: State, Society and Political Conflict in Bali, 1945-1965Notes: Theoritical analysis about the massacre in Bali and its relation with the nature of state formation at local level.Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 8Author: Rochijat, PipitYear: 1985Title: Am I PKI or Non-PKIJournal: IndonesiaIssue: 40Pages: 37-56Short Title: Am I PKI or Non-PKINotes: Personal account of massacre in Kediri district, East Java, from the personal point of view of those participated in the massacre.Reference Type: ThesisRecord Number: 31Author: Sarwa, I NyomanYear: 1988Title: Pergolakan Sosial Politik di Bali Sejak Pemilihan Umum 1955-1965Academic Department: Faculty of LIteratureCity: DenpasarUniversity: University of Udayana, BaliDegree: BAShort Title: Pergolakan Sosial Politik di Bali Sejak Pemilihan Umum 1955-1965 Translated Title: Social and Political Unrest in Bali since election 1955-1965 Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 1Author: Sasongko, HaryoYear: 2003Title: Menembus Tirai Asap (Kesaksian Tahanan Politik 1965)City: JakartaPublisher: Yayasan LontarShort Title: Menembus Tirai Asap (Kesaksian Tahanan Politik 1965)Notes: Personal account about 1965 event from the perspective of ex-political prisoners. Translated Title: Testimony of 1965 Political PrisonersReference Type: Government DocumentRecord Number: 32Author: Service, United States InformationYear:1966Title:Surabaya Press SumarryNotes: This is a summary of press report in East Java province from local newspaper, collected by US consulate officials stationed at East Java province.Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 9Author: Siregar, M.R.Year: 2000Title: Naiknya Para JendralCity: MedanPublisher: Sumatera Human Rights Watch NetworkShort Title: Naiknya Para JendralNotes: Analysis about the 1965 coup and massacre from the left point of view. Translated Title: The Rise of GeneralsReference Type: BookRecord Number: 14Author: Sulistyo, HermawanYear: 2000Title: Palu Arit di Ladang Tebu: Sejarah Pembantaian Massal Yang Terlupakan,1965-1966City: JakartaPublisher: GramediaShort Title: Palu Arit di Ladang Tebu: Sejarah Pembantaian Massal Yang Terlupakan, 1965-1966Original Publication: (Diss) The Forgotten Years: The Missing History of Indonesia's Mass Slaughter (Jombang-Kediri 1965-1966)Notes: Indonesia's translation of Ph.D dissertation about 1965 massacre taken from research in Jombang and Kediri area in East Java provinceLanguage: IndonesiaReference Type: BookRecord Number: 13Author: Sundhaussen, UlfYear: 1982Title: The Road to Power: Indonesian MIlitary POlitics, 1945-1967City: Kuala Lumpur & New YorkPublisher: Oxford University PressShort Title: The Road to Power: Indonesian MIlitary POlitics, 1945-1967Notes: The last chapters contain information about the massacre from the perspective of national politicsReference Type: Magazine ArticleRecord Number: 33Author: Sutton, HoraceYear: 1967Title: Indonesia's Night of Terror: Exclusive Report from Jakarta on the Red Purge Magazine: Saturday ReviewPages: 25-81Date: 4 February 1967Short Title: Indonesia's Night of Terror: Exclusive Report from Jakarta on the Red Purge Reference Type: BookRecord Number: 34Author: Thornquist, OlleYear: 1984Title: Dilemmas of Third World Communism: The Destruction of the PKI in Indonesia City: LondonPublisher: Zed BooksShort Title: Dilemmas of Third World Communism: The Destruction of the PKI in IndonesiaReference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 35Author: Uttrecht, ErnstYear: 1972Title: Class Struggle and Politics in JavaJournal: Journal of Contemporary AsiaVolume: 2-3Pages: 269-288Short Title: Class Struggle and Politics in JavaReference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 36Author: Walkin, JacobYear: 1969Title: The Moslem-Communist Confrontation in East Java, 1964-1965Journal: OrbisVolume: 13Pages: 822-847Short Title: The Moslem-Communist Confrontation in East Java, 1964-1965Notes: The author was US consulate official stationed at East Java province at the time of massacre. It contain evaluation about the Moslem determination in the fight against the communist in this province.Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 24Author: Webb, R.A.F. PaulYear: 1986Title: The Sickle and the Cross: Christian and Communist in Bali, Flores, Sumba and Timor, 1965-1967Journal: Journal of Southeast Asian StudiesVolume: XVIIIssue: 1Date: MarchShort Title: The Sickle and the Cross: Christian and Communist in Bali, Flores, Sumba and Timor, 1965-1967Reference Type: Book SectionRecord Number: 12Author: Young, Kenneth R.Year: 1990Title: Local and National Influences in the Violence of 1965Editor: Cribb, RobertBook Title: The Indonesian Killings 1965-1966: Studies from Java and BaliCity: Clayton, VictoriaPublisher: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash UniversityShort Title: Local and National Influences in the Violence of 1965Notes: It contain short analysis about 1965 massacre in Kediri area, and brief comparison with other areas in Java.Reference Type: Journal ArticleRecord Number: 11Author: Zurbuchen, Mary S.Year: 2002Title: History, Memory and the '1965 Incident' in IndonesiaJournal: Asian SurveyVolume: XLIIIssue: 4Pages: 561-581Short Title: History, Memory and the '1965 Incident' in Indonesia。

International Relation英译汉：1．The role of the United Nations has gained increasing importance since the end of the Cold War.冷战结束后的联合国起着越来越重要的作用。

2．The increasing prestige is due in part to the fact that the Security Council has escaped the paral resulted from the US-Soviet rivalry during the Cold War, a period when the two superpowers used their rights against each other, thereby incapacitating the Security Council.联合国地位的上升部分是因为安理会摆脱了冷战期间因美苏对抗而出现的瘫 痪状态，当时两个超级大国各自使用自己的否决权来反对对方，致使安理会 无法正常运作。

3．The West, just as the developing world, h as discovered that i t n eeds the United Nations t o achieve i tsobjectives.西方世界同发展中国家一样也发现它需要联合国以达到自己的目的。

4．In addition, global problems, including t he proliferationof nuclear w eapons, rapidly e xpandinginternational community to pool their populations, the environment, drugs and refugees, call for the entireefforts to find solutions.此外，包括核武器扩散、人口激增、环境污染、吸毒以及难民在内的全球性 问题要求整个国际社会共同努力，携手寻求解决问题的方法。

医学补充阅读： Slovenia latest EU countryljubljana (reuters) - slovenia became the latest european union country to detect h5n1 bird flu and others awaited results on thursday as an eu medical expert said the virus was likely to spread further.the virus was first confirmed in the european union on saturday, when greece and italy said they had found it in wild swans. austria and germany reported cases on tuesday."of course we are worried and we have to get used to the fact that avian flu is now spreading within the european union," zsuzsanna jakab, head of the eu's stockholm-based european center for disease prevention and control (ecdc), told reuters television."and i'm sure it will also spread to other countries beyond these five."hungary was awaiting results from a specialist laboratory in britain to determine whether the h5 virus detected in three dead wild swans on wednesday was in fact the h5n1 strain of h5. if confirmed, it would be thecountry's first case.other so far uninfected countries such as sweden, slovakia and the czech republic carried out tests but all results were negative.slovenia was testing for h5n1 in another three dead swans in which h5 had been found, while germany discovered 10 more h5n1 cases, greece detected an additional two andaustria also reported one more.。

备战2022年高考英语时事热点阅读+题型专练热点21 寒潮天气的特征及其应对一、阅读理解1Sharp drops in temperatures, strong winds howling...A cold snap (寒流) has struck many parts of China.The National Meteorological Centre ( NMC) (国家气象中心) issued an orange alert on Dec. 28, as a cold air mass swept across the country from north to south. This is the first orange warning since 2016, which is the highest in the three-tier (三级的) ranking, followed by yellow and blue.On Dec. 27, the temperature in the Greater Hinggan Mountains of Heilongjiang province fell to-44. 5℃, the lowest since winter began, the region's meteorological service said.According to Sun Jun, the chief forecaster from the NMC, this round of the cold wave is tougher than the same period in normal years. Temperatures in more than 25 cities could reach record lows. Even in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, temperatures have reached subzero.Since early December, China has reported power squeezes in the provinces of Hunan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang. Street lamps in several cities have not been on. Elevators in some office buildings haven't worked. The central air conditioning in malls，libraries and government buildings has been off for several days, Xinhua reported.According to the National Development of Reform Commission ( NDRC) ( 国家发展改革委员会)，the power cuts in these provinces are a result of the dramatic increase of demand for electricity fueled by the high demand of industries that have now recovered and are keen to make up for the lost time earlier in the year and the low temperatures.Meanwhile, domestic needs for electricity also surged. For instance, in Hunan, low temperatures came at least one month earlier than usual in the province this year. Millions of people started using space heaters to deal with the cold weather.In order to help people get through these conditions, China is increasing its supply of natural gas and coal to ensure its power generation and heating needs，according to the NDRC. Major coal producers in the provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi have been instructed. to boost production capacity and coal imports. The NDRC has ordered power plants to have coal reserves for at least 18 days. It would also guarantee the power support to regions in Hunan and Jiangxi, which are short of the supply of coal.1. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Shortage.B. Abundance.C. Waste.D. Improvement.2. What can we infer from the text?A. Temperature of this winter is likely to be the coldest.B. Temperature in Hunan province never reached subzero.C. Orange alarm is higher than blue in the three-tier ranking.D. It's impossible for the power plants in Hunan to have coal reserves for at least 18 days.3. We learn can lead to power squeezes as well.A. natural gasB. street lampsC. gas central air conditioningD. the use of electricity by households4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Science StudyB. WeatherC. DiscoveryD. Our World【答案】ACDD【解析】这是一篇说明文。

Prelim papers 2011 (suggested options)Theme 1: The Cold War and how it shaped the worldThe origins of the Cold War outside EuropeAssess the view that the Post-Revisionist school of thought marked a turning point in the historiography of the origins of the Cold War.To what extent has the revisionist school of thought displaced the traditional interpretation in explaining the origins of the Cold War?To what extent did the end of the Cold War impact the debate about the origins of the Cold War?“The end of the Cold War marked the turning point in the historiography of the Cold War origins.” Assess the validity of this statement.To what extent do you agree that the Truman Doctrine marked the turning point in the origins of the Cold War?“The Marshall Plan had incited the fall of the iron curtain across Europe.” How far do you agree?How significant was the division of Germany between 1945-1949 to the origins of the Cold War in Europe?“The outbreak of the Cold War can be explained solely with refer ence to the United States and the Soviet Union.” Discuss.How far do you agree that the outbreak of the Cold War was more a product of national security interests rather than ideological differences?The extension of the Cold War outside EuropeTo wha t extent is the “domino theory” an adequate explanation for the globalization of the Cold War in the 1950s and 1960s?Assess the view that the spread of the Cold War outside of Europe from 1950-1962 was largely due to the rivalry between the US and the USSR.“The origins and development of the Korean War could be accounted for due to superpower involvement.” How far would you agree with this statement?Which played the greater part in extending the Cold War to the Korean Peninsula in the 1950s and Cuba in the 1960s: superpower concerns or local factors?“The Korean Conflict of 1950-53 and the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis escalated Cold War tensions.” Discuss.“The Korean War and the Cuban Missile conflict were essentially proxy wars in the bigger picture of Co ld War conflict.” Discuss.“The Korean nationalist conflict was merely the perfect excuse for both superpowers to consolidate their Cold War interests.” Discuss.To what extent were the USA and the USSR in control of developments in the Korean Peninsula from 1950 to 1953?The end of the Cold WarHow important is the western triumphalist view in explaining the end of the Cold War? “Without the power of the people, the Cold War would not have ended.” Discuss.To what extent would you believe that the collapse of the USSR could be attributed to the “revolutions from below”?Was the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan the root cause for the conclusion of the Cold War?“The US containment successfully ended the Cold War.” How far do you agree.“The success of the USA’s containment policy.” How far does this explain the end of the Cold War?How far do you agree that the foreign policy of Ronald Reagan ended the Cold War? Assess the view that Gorbachev ended the Cold War.“The Cold War ended in 1988 because Gorbachev intended it.” Discuss.How far do you agree that it was primarily Gorbachev’s overtures to the West that were chiefly responsible for ending the Cold War?To what extent was the end of the Cold War the result of the rivalry between the USA and the USSR?“The end of the Cold War did not usher in the much anticipated new world order.” To what extent do you agree with this statement of the period 1991-2000?“The end of the Cold War has brought about an era predominantly of ethno-nationalistic strife to the world.” Discuss.How far do you agree with the view that the end of the Cold War had resulted in a more traumatic time for the international political system?1989 or 1991, which has the better claim to represent the end of the Cold War?“It was only with the collapse of communism in 1991, that the Cold War ended.” How accurate is this view of the end of the Cold War?。

A Life with BirdsFor nearly17years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders(伦敦塔看守),_better(更…) known to tourists as beefeaters.David,64,lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top(顶部)of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses."From(从)our bedroom we have a marvelous(a.奇妙的，不可思议的)view of Tower Bridge and the Thames,"says David.The Tower of London is famous for(以..而著名)its ravens(n.乌鸦，黑色的鸟),the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries.David was immediately fascinated(着迷，吸引)by the birds and when he was_offered(提供)__the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no_ hesitation(犹豫)_in accepting it."The birds have now become my life and I'm always_aware(意识到)of the fact that I am _maintaining(保持)_a tradition.The legend(传奇，传说)says that if the ravens leave the Tower,England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to_make(确保)sure this doesn't happen!"David devotes(献身于)about four hours a day to the care of the ravens.He has grown to love them and the_fact(事实)that he lives right next to them is ideal."I can keep(关注)a close eye on them all the time,and not just when I'm working."At first(起初),David's wife Mo was not_keen(对..感兴趣)on the idea of life in the Tower,but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year."When we look out of our windows,we see history all(所有)around us,and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."有鸟陪伴的生活作为伦敦塔的守卫者之一的David Cope在那里工作了近17年，被游客们称为Beefeaters。