assignment 1

assignment词根词缀（原创实用版）目录1.assignment 的词根和词缀含义2.assignment 的词源和演变3.assignment 在英语中的用法和含义4.assignment 的翻译和应用场景正文一、assignment 的词根和词缀含义"assignment"是一个英语单词，它的词根是"assign"，意为“分配”或“指定”。

在英语中，名词通常由动词加上后缀“-ment”构成，表示某种行为或状态。

因此，"assignment"作为一个名词，表示的是“分配”或“指定”某种任务或工作。

二、assignment 的词源和演变"assignment"的词源可以追溯到拉丁语的"assignare"，意为“分配”。

在英语中，"assign"这个动词最早出现在十六世纪，而"assignment"这个名词则在十七世纪开始使用。

从词源和历史演变来看，"assignment"始终保持着“分配”或“指定”的含义。

三、assignment 在英语中的用法和含义在英语中，"assignment"通常表示教师或上级分配给学生或下属的一项任务或工作。

这个词可以用在各种场景中，如学术、商业、政治等。

例如，学生需要完成的“作业”或“任务”可以称为"assignment"；员工需要完成的“任务”或“项目”也可以称为"assignment"。

四、assignment 的翻译和应用场景在中文中，"assignment"可以翻译为“作业”或“任务”。

在实际应用中，"assignment"可以用在各种场景中。

例如，在教育领域，教师可以给学生布置"assignment"，以帮助学生巩固课堂所学知识；在企业环境中，领导可以给员工分配"assignment"，以提高员工的工作效率和能力。

Reference Translation (RT) of Assignment 1:Grading policy:One sentence accounts for 1 point, therefore 10 points totally for Assignment 1.For each sentence,-basic meaning of the whole sentence: 0.5-translation of the key word: 0.51.You are welcome to send for our free catalogue.RT: 欢迎您来函索取我们的免费目录。

Key word: send: cause sth to be taken without going oneselfPurpose: correct understanding of “send”2.The set of equipment is quite late arrivals for doctors to use.RT: 这是供医生使用的一套新型设备。

Key word: late: (esp. attribute) recent 最新的; 最近的Purpose: meaning selection of “late”3.I questioned the wisdom of her going there with Tim.RT: 我怀疑她和Tim去那儿是否明智/是否是明智的举动。

Key word: wisdom: (智慧/明智具体翻译为)明智的举动Purpose: concretion of “wisdom”4.She is being polite.RT: 她只是一时客套一下。

（在特殊语境中或可译为：她只是装得很有礼貌。

）Key word: being:这里强调只是现下，隐含”她平时不这样”。

Purpose: translation of inflected form “being”5.He had a sound feeling that idioms were the backbone of language and he was allfor the racy phrases.RT: 他感到习语是语言的主要支柱，因此特别主张用生动的短语，他的想法是很有道理的。

assignment词根词缀摘要：1.assignment 的词根和词缀含义2.assignment 的词源和演变3.assignment 在英语中的用法和含义4.assignment 的翻译和应用场景正文：【词根词缀】"assignment"是一个英语单词，由"assign"和"ment"两个词缀组成。

"assign"源于拉丁语"assignare"，意为"分配、指派"，而"ment"则是一个表示行为或状态的词缀。

【词源和演变】"assignment"最早可以追溯到15 世纪的英国，最初的含义是指派或分配的任务或职责。

随着时间的推移，"assignment"的含义逐渐扩大，开始包括各种形式的任务或工作，如学业任务、工作任务等。

【用法和含义】在现代英语中，"assignment"通常指派给某个人或团体的任务或职责，特别是在学术和职业环境中。

例如，老师可能会给学生布置一项"assignment"，要求他们完成一篇论文或报告；老板可能会给员工分配一项"assignment"，要求他们完成一项特定的工作任务。

【翻译和应用场景】"assignment"在中文中可以翻译为"作业"或"任务"，具体含义取决于上下文。

在学术环境中，"assignment"通常指老师布置给学生的作业或任务；在工作环境中，"assignment"通常指老板分配给员工的工作任务或项目。

assignment造句Assignment作为一个英语单词，有着多重含义。

从学术层面讲，assignment指的是教师布置给学生的作业或者项目任务。

而在商业领域中，assignment意味着转让或者分配某项任务或者工作。

在这篇文章中，我们将主要探讨和总结assignment造句的方式以及它的一些实际用例。

1. 表示学术作业a. I have a history assignment due next week.我下周有一篇历史作业要交。

b. She assigned a five-page essay on the topic.她布置了一篇五页长的文章。

c. Our professor always gives us a lot of challenging assignments.我们的教授总是给我们很多有挑战性的任务。

d. I spent all night working on that math assignment.我为那个数学作业熬了整晚。

2. 表示工作分配a. Tim is away, so I've been assigned to manage the project.蒂姆不在，我被分配去管理这个项目。

b. She has been assigned to a new task force.她被分配到一个新的工作小组。

c. The company assigned the task of redesigning the website to their top designer.公司将网站重新设计的任务交给了他们的顶级设计师。

d. I was assigned to write the sales report for the quarter.我被分配写本季度的销售报告。

3. 表示指派任务a. The teacher assigned each student a partner for the group project.老师为每个学生安排了一个组项目的伙伴。

第一讲练习试将下列句子译成汉语：1．The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。

2. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。

3.This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair.这是一次精心组织起来的会议。

市政厅里济济一堂，热情洋溢，主持会议的是斯特朗先生。

4.Power can be transmitted over a great distance withpractically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.电流可以把动力传送到很远的地方，其消耗几乎可以忽略不计。

5.The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.当前，车辆横冲直闯，严重地威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。

6.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book.本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。

7.She said, with perfect truth, that “it must be delightful to have a brother,”and easily got the pity of tender-hearted Amelia, for being alone in the world, an orphan without friends or kindred.她说道，“有个哥哥该多好啊，”这话说得入情入理。

AK/ADMS 4503 3.0 Derivative SecuritiesFall 2008Assignment #1 SolutionsInstructions:(1) This assignment is to be done individually . You must sign and submit the standard cover page supplied as the last page of this assignment.(2) This assignment is due on October 19, 2008.(3) The work can be typed or handwritten. If it is handwritten and too difficultto read due to messiness and poor handwriting, it will receive zero credit.(4) You must show your work to receive full credit.(5) This assignment contains 5 questions and carries a total of 30 points .Question 1 (6 marks)The NASDAQ-100 futures trade at the CME, and each contract is on $100 times the index. The NASDAQ-100 spot is 1,670 points, and is expected to pay a dividend yield of 1% per annum continuously compounded. The risk-free rate is 2% per annum continuously compounded.(a) What is the theoretical 1-year futures price? (2 marks)(b) The 1-year futures price is 1,701 points. Show that there is an arbitrage and show how to benefit from it? Show all details. (4 marks)Solution(a) The theoretical 1-year futures price given by:()()78.686,11%)1%2(exp 670,1)(exp 0=×−×=×−×=T T F T q r S F(b) Since the market overprices the contract, there is an arbitrage that consists in shorting the 1-year futures contract, borrow the money at the risk-free rate to buy the index today. By doing this, you lock in a net profit of $1,421.62. Here are the details:Today, you must: - Short one 1-year contract to sell the index at 1,701 in 1 year - Borrow exactly exp(-1%) x 1,670 = 1,653.38 , at the risk-free rate 2% for1 year (to buy 0.99005 units of the index)In 1 year:- The dividend yield paid on your holdings will make you having exactly 1unit of index- You deliver the index for 1,701 according to your short contract- You pay back your loan at 1,653.38 x exp(2%) = 1,686.78 - Your profit is then (1,701 – 1,686.78) = 14.2162Your net dollar profit is $100 x 14.2162 = $1,421.62Question 2 (6 marks)Consider a coupon-bearing bond selling at $950 and paying coupons in 5 months and 11 months from today. The risk-free interest is 2% per annum continuously compounded. The face value of the bond is $1,000.(a) If the 1-year forward contract on this bond is selling at a fair price of $949.05, what is the coupon rate? (2 marks)(b) What is the theoretical 6-month forward price? (1 mark)(c) The 6-month forward contract is selling at $955 in the market. Is there any arbitrage opportunity? If yes, show how to benefit from it. Show all details.(3 marks)Solution(a) We know that %)2exp()950($05.949$×−=I where:())12/11%2exp()12/5%2exp(×−+×−×=Coupon ISolving for the coupon, we find that the coupon is $10, which means that the coupon rate 2% APR semi-annually compounded.(b) Given that the coupon is $10, the theoretical price for the 6-month contract must be:()[]53.949$)5.0%2exp(12/5%2exp 10$950$0=×××−−=F(c) Since the contract is overpriced by the market, an arbitrageur can lock in a profit by borrowing/buying the bond and taking a short 6-month forward.Here are the details of the strategy:Today- Borrow a total amount of $950 to buy the bond:o Borrow $9.92 at 2% today to be reimbursed at $10 in 5 months (thisis exactly the coupon that you would receive in 5 months)o Borrow ($950 - $9.92 = $940.08) at 2% today to be reimbursed at$949.53 in 6 months-Short one forward contract today to sell the bond at $955 in 6 monthsIn 5 months-Receive the coupon of $10 and pay back the small part of the loanIn 6 months-Deliver the bond at $955-Pay back the large part of the loan at $949.53-The net profit is $5.47Question 3 (6 marks)Consider a Canadian company that is planning to buy some equipment from aBritish manufacturer in Oct 1, 2009 (that is in one year). The cost of this machinery is GBP 10 million. You have been asked to analyze the consequencesof entering into a futures contract to reduce the company’s exposure to foreign exchange risk. The current quotes are available from the market:Spot CAD/GBP 1.90Canadian TBill Rate 2%UK TBill Rate 3%(a) What is the theoretical 1-year (October 2009 contract) forward CAD/GBP?(2 marks)(b) Based on the following scenarios for the spot exchange rate one year fromnow, CAD/GBP = 1.7 or 2.1, explain why the company should hedge itscurrency risk exposure. Explain which strategy may be appropriate for thecompany and what will be the total cost (for the equipment) in CAD in oneyear. (2 marks)(c) Assume now that you enter into the strategy proposed in (b) and that aftersix months, i.e. April 1, 2009, the management of the company decides tobuy immediately the equipment from the British manufacturer and to closeout the forward position. Assume that on April 1, 2009, the spot CAD/GBP= 1.95, the forward (with six months remaining to the maturity) rateCAD/GBP = 1.93, what is the effective total cost in CAD for theequipment? (2 marks)Solution(a) The 1-year forward contract is given by:()()8811.11%)3%2(exp 90.1)(exp 000=×−×=×−×=F T r r S F f(b) CAD/GBP 1.70 2.10Cost CAD 17 million CAD 21 millionThis shows that the company has a considerable exchange rate risk exposure. If the exchange rate moves from 1.9 to 1.95 over one year, the company makes a loss of CAD 500,000! The company will face a loss if the exchange rate CAD/GBP increases dramatically since it will have to buy GBP 10 million.To hedge against any dramatic increase, the firm must take a long position in the 1-year forward to buy GBP at CAD 1.8811. The total cost will be CAD 18.811 million (= GBP 10 million x 1.8811) whatever the spot exchange rate will be in one year.(c) The company decides to buy the machinery after six months for GBP 10 million at CAD/GBP = 1.95, that is a cost of CAD 19.5 million. On the other hand, the company makes a net profit of CAD 0.4841 million on the forward position, (1.93 – 1.8811) x exp(-2% x 0.5) x 10 = 0.4841. Therefore, the effective total cost is 19.5 – 0.4841 = CAD 19.0159 million, or equivalently a CAD/GBP of 1.9016.Question 4 (6 marks)The Aluminum sells at $1.20 per pound and it has a convenience yield y = 2%, and a storage cost of 1% (per annum continuously compounded). The risk-free interest rate is 4% per annum continuously compounded. An investor takes a short position in a 1-year futures contract on Aluminum today. Assume that each contract is on 44,000 pounds.(a) What is the 1-year futures price per pound? (2 marks)(b) Suppose that the investor closes out her position 9 months from now and makes a total profit of $2,200. What is the spot price of Aluminum 9 months from now if there is no arbitrage? (4 marks)Solution(a) The theoretical 1-year futures price is $1.20 x exp(4% + 1% - 2%) = $1.2365(b) If the investor makes a $2,200 total profit on her short position in 9 months, or a $0.05 (= 2,200 / 44,000) profit per pound, this means that the futures price 9 months from now is $1.1865 and that the contract has 3 months remaining. The spot price in 9 months is then given by:S = 1.1865 x exp(-3% x 0.25) = $1.1777Question 5 (6 marks)A portfolio manager has sold short a portfolio of stocks worth $100 million for three months. The beta of the portfolio is 2. The manager would like to use the CME futures contract on the S&P 500 index to hedge the portfolio over the next three months. The index is currently 1,200 points, and each contract is on $250 times the index. The S&P 500 dividend yield is 1% and the risk-free rate is 2%.(a) How many long or short positions should the manager take? (4 marks)(b) What would be the net gain/loss in three months in the following scenarios? (2 marks)Scenario Portfolio value In 3 months S&P 500 Futures In 3 months 1 $110 million 12602 $90 million 1140Solution(a) First, we need to calculate the theoretical S&P 500 futures price today:1200 x exp[(2%-1%) x .25] = 1203.Since the manager is short selling the portfolio, any rise in the stock market would cause big losses. The manager should then take long S&P 500 futures contracts, exactly 665 contracts:6651203250$000,000,100$2*=××==F P N β(b) The net gain/loss for each scenario is given by the gain/loss on the shortposition on the portfolio added to the gain/loss on the futures position.Scenario 1: (100 – 110) million + 665 x 250 x (1260 – 1203) = –$523,750 Scenario 2: (100 – 90) million + 665 x 250 x (1140 – 1203) = –$473,750Atkinson Faculty of Liberal and Professional StudiesYORK UNIVERSITYToronto, OntarioADMS 4503 3.0Derivative SecuritiesTahaniProfessor NabilSections A and BAssignment #1Due Date: October 19, 2008Personal Work StatementI, the undersigned:•warrant that the work submitted herein is my work and not the work of others •acknowledge that I have read and understood the Senate Policy on Academic Honesty•acknowledge that it is a breach of the University Regulations to give and receive unauthorized assistance on a graded piece of workName (typed or printed) York Student # Signature。

一、解：设第k月的需求量为Nk(k=1,2,3,4)状态变量Xk：第k月初的库存量，X1=X5=0，0≤Xk≤Nk+…+N4决策变量Uk：第k月的生产量，max{0，Nk-Xk}≤Uk≤min{6，Nk+…+N4 - Xk}状态转移方程：X k+1 = Uk + Xk – Nk第k月的成本Vk = 0.5*(Xk - Nk) Uk=03 + Uk + 0.5*(Uk + Xk - Nk) Uk≠0设F k(Xk)是由第k月初的库存量Xk开始到第4月份结束这段时间的最优成本则F k(Xk) = min{Vk + F k+1(X k+1)} 1≤k≤4= min{ 3 + Uk + 0.5*(Uk + Xk - Nk) + F k+1(Uk + Xk - Nk) } Uk≠0min{ 0.5*(Xk - Nk) + F k+1(Xk - Nk) } Uk=0 F5(X5)=0四个月内的最优成本为F1(X1)=F1(0)详细计算步骤如下：（1）k=4时4（2）k=3时（3）k=2时（4）k=1时由以上计算可得，4个月的总最优成本为F1(0) = 20.5(千元)二、解：1、变量设定阶段k：已遍历过k个结点，k=1,2…6,7。

K=1表示刚从V1出发，k=7表示已回到起点V1状态变量Xk=(i，Sk)：已遍历k个结点，当前位于i结点，还未遍历的结点集合为Sk。

则X1=(1，{2,3,4,5,6})，X6=(i，Φ)，X7=(1，Φ)决策变量Uk=(i，j)：已遍历k个结点，当前位于i结点，下一个结点选择j。

状态转移方程：X k+1 = T(Xk，Uk) = (j，Sk-{j})第k阶段的指标函数Vk = D[i,j]。

最优指标函数Fk(Xk) = Fk(i，Sk)：已遍历k个结点，当前从i结点出发，访问Sk中的结点一次且仅一次，最后返回起点V1的最短距离。

则Fk(i，Sk) = min{ D[i,j] + F k+1(j，Sk-{j}) } 1≤k≤6F7(X7) = F7(1，Φ) = 02、分析：（1）k=6时，F6(i，Φ) = min{D[i,1] + F7(X7)} = D[i,1] i=2,3,4,5,63、伪代码和时间复杂度为方便计算，结点编号改为0到5.(1)用一张二维表格F[][]表示F(i,Sk)，行数是n，列数是2n-1。