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9 正反翻译法

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正反翻译法B练习一（1）If the weather holds a couple of days, the team of the explorers will set off.假如天气三两天里保持不变，探险队就出发。

(2) The Foreign Minister doubted the desirability of a negotiation to be held at this time.外交部长认为此时举行谈判并无必要。

(3) John dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the old lady.约翰没有脱衣服就跳入水中并救出了那个老太太。

(4) The soldiers would rather fight to death before they surrendered.战士们宁愿战斗到死而决不投降。

(5) While trade is good, money is very tight at present.尽管生意不错，但目前资金仍然十分紧张。

(6) The rocket traveling in space is free from the earth’s gravity.在太空飞行的火箭不受地球引力的控制。

(7) In the event of any contingencies beyond our control, we shall not be held responsible for the late delivery of the goods.如果发生我们无法控制的意外事故，我方对迟交货物不负责任。

(8) Cowards die many times before their death; the valiant never taste of death but once.怕死鬼还没死就死了许多次，而勇敢者只死一回。

(9) In the absence of a settlement through negotiation, the case under dispute can be submitted to arbitration.如通过谈判找不到解决办法，争执之事可提交仲裁。

(10) While he liked her work, he pointed out areas where improvement was possible.尽管他喜欢她的作品，但还是指出了其不足之处。

练习二(1)Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers tomorrow afternoon.明天下午，学生全都要交论文。

(2) We are not completely satisfied with your manner of doing business.贵方做生意的态度有待改进。

(3) After the ship unloads at the dock, the goods will go to the container freight station.船在码头卸货后，货物将送往集装箱货运站。

(4) The doubt was still unsolved after her repeated explanations.虽经她一再解释，疑团仍然存在。

(5) Their undisguised effort to persecute the leaders of opposition party met with nationwide condemnation.他们对反对党人露骨的迫害行径受到全国各地的谴责。

(6) There is nothing like jogging as a means of exercise.慢跑是锻炼身体最好的办法。

(7) The system of gas supply in the town leaves nothing to be desired.这个城镇的煤气供应系统十分完善。

(8) Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage.他突然听见背后有声响，便立刻意识到车库里还有别人。

(9) The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him then.那时归国的念头一直在他心中萦绕。

(10) Th e significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.这件事引起了我们的重视。

T练习一1) Galileo recognized the problem, but failed to solve it.伽利略认识到这个问题，但是没能加以解决。

2）They refused us admittance.他们不让我们进去。

3）The world today is far from peaceful.今天的世界还很不安宁。

4）His explanation is far from satisfactory.他的解释不能让人满意。

5）Gases have neither size nor shape.气体既无形状又无大小。

6）Eclipses are not seen in every part of the world.不是所有的地方都能看到日食的。

7）But this does not happen often.这种情况并不经常发生。

8) As a result, no rational decision-making process is really complete without optimization.因此要是不作最优化处理的话，任何决策过程都不会是真正完全合理的。

（双重否定）9) No other material in the history of the world has been used for so many different purposes.世界历史上任何别的材料都没有塑料的用途多。

10) It is beyond your right to sign such a contract.你无权签定这样的合同。

11) His conduct is above reproach.他的行为无可指责。

12)There is nothing like mineral water to quench one's thirst.矿泉水是解渴的最佳饮料。

13）The valley land was deep and rich, but the foothills wore only a skin of topsoil no deeper than the grass roots.河谷的泥土厚而肥沃，但是山脚的土层却薄得只够扎住草根。

14) 游击队员宁愿战死，也不投降。

The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.15) 到年底再下结论。

Don't make any decision before the end of the year.16) 他75岁了，可是并不显老。

He was 75, but he carried his years lightly.17) 他的话最为激励人。

His words can’t be more inspiring.18) 这篇论文经得起推敲。

The paper can stand criticizing.练习二Passage translationApril 22 brought the last turning point in Hitler’s road to turn. From early morning until 3 P.M. he had been on the telephone, as he had been the day before, trying to find out from thevarious command posts how the Steiner counterattack was going. No one knew. General Koller’s planes could not locate it, nor could the ground commanders, though it was supposed to be rolling only two or three miles south of the capital. Not even Steiner, though he existed, could be found, let alone his army.The blowup came at the daily military conferences in the bunker at 3 P.M. Hitler angrily demanded news Steiner. Neither Keitel nor Jodl nor anyone else had any. But the generals had other news. The withdrawal of troops from the north or Berlin to support Steiner had so weakened the front there that the Russians had broken through and their tanks were now within the city limits.This was too much for the Supreme Warlord. All the surviving witnesses testify that he completely lost control of himself. He flew into the greatest rage of his life. This was the end, he shrieked. Everyone had deserted him. There was nothing but treason, lies, corruption and cowardice. All was over. Very well, he would stay on in Berlin. He would personally take over the defense of the capital of the Third Reich. The others could leave, if they wished. In this place he would meet his end.高科技的竞争俗话说，不怕不识货，就怕货比货。

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英汉互译中的正反反正表达法

英汉互译中的正反反正表达法

英汉互译中的正反反正表达法在英汉互译过程中，由于两种语言表达习惯不同，往往需要把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说，把英语中的反说译成汉语中的正说，或反之，这样才能确切表达原意并符合语言的规范。

这种把正说处理为反说，把反说处理为正说的译法，叫正反、反正表达法。

这种正说和反说的相互转换是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法。

它属于引申和修辞范围。

那么，什么是正说和反说呢？英语词句中含有“never”，“no”，“not”，“non-”，“un-”，“im-”，“in-”，“ir-”，“-less”等成分以及汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“毋”、“勿”等成分的为反说，不含有这些成分的为正说。

正说和反说包括的词类范围很广，不仅包括动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词和连词，而且包括各种词组，短语和从句。

现以实例对正反、反正表达法加以说明。

一、英译汉正说反译法在不少情况下，由于有的词语含有特殊意义，如不从反面着笔，译文就不通，这时必须反说。

例如：1）“I have read your articles．I expect to meet an old man．”“我读过你的文章，没想到你这样年轻。

”（动词）2）He was absent from his own country last year．他去年不在自己的国家。

（形容词短语）3）He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children．他衣服没脱就跳入水中，把孩子救了上来。

（副词）4）He was extremely sorry for the shortness of time．他对时间不足感到十分抱歉。

（名词）5）I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task．我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。

正反译法ppt课件

正反译法ppt课件


一、 正说反译法
可编辑课件PPT
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（八）句子
(1) His grandmother is already 80, but she carries her years lightly.
他祖母已80岁了，可是并不显老。
(2) I am wiser than to believe such stories. 我还不至于蠢到竟然相信这种谎言。
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(4) Wear your coat or you’ll catch cold. 穿上大衣，不然你会着凉的。
(5) Unless England improve their game, they’re going to lose the match. 英格兰队如果不改进打法，就会输掉这场 比赛。
可编辑课件PPT
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（七）某些固定短语
(1) The escaped criminal is still at large. 逃犯仍未捉拿归案。
(2) There are many energy sources in store. The problem has been to use the energy at a reasonable cost. 有许多能源尚未开发。问题始终是要以一个合理的代价利 用这些能源。
可编辑课件PPT
1
鉴于此，我们在翻译某些含有否定意义的英文句子时，应 当特别注意两点：一是英语里有些从正面表达的词语或句 子，汉译时可以从反面来表达，即正说反译法 (negation)；二是英语里有些从反面表达的词语或句子， 汉译时可从正面来表达，即反说正译法(affirmation)。 例如:。
一、 正说反译法
可编辑课件PPT
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(3) The explanation is pretty thin. 这种解释理由很不充分。
【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法

【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法

【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法【翻译技巧】英语笔译技法——正反译法由于国家、历史、地理、社会文化背景和生活习性的不同，汉英两种语言在表达正说和反说时有很大差异，尤其英语在否定意义的表达上更为复杂，有时形式否定而实质肯定，或形式肯定而实质否定。

在两种语言互译时，原文中正说的句子可能不得不处理成反说，或是用反说表达更为合适。

反之亦然。

翻译中，这种把正说处理成反说、把反说处理成正说的译法，就称为正反译法。

正反译法是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法，属于引申和修辞范围。

笼统的说，英语句子中含有“never”、“no”、“not”、“un-”、“im-”、“in-”、“ir-”、“-l ess”等否定词以及否定前缀或后缀的单词，以及汉语句子中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“非”、“勿”、“毋”等否定词的即为反说，不含有这些否定词的即为正说。

但实际操作时，正说和反说的界限又变得极为模糊，例如“correct”可以翻译成“正确”（正说），也可以翻译成“没有毛病”（反说）。

因此，到底译文要采用正说还是反说，就完全要看译文语言的惯用表达和上下文的语气语态了。

在正反译法中，英译汉正转反（正说反译法）和汉译英反转正（反说正译法）是最为重要的两种正反译法。

英译汉正转反英语中有些否定概念是通过含有否定意义或近似否定意义的词来表达的，虽然形式是肯定的，但这类词大多是某些肯定词所引申或变化出来的反义词，或经过长期历史演变而引申出其他否定词义，即所谓的“含蓄否定词”或“暗指否定词”，这类词在译成汉语时，需要变成汉语的否定词组，必要时还需要作词类转换。

1、名词—含蓄否定名词主要有：shortness/shortage（不够；不足）、lack（缺乏；没有）、absence（不在）、failure（未能；不成功）、defiance（不顾；无视）、denial（否认；否定）、exclusion（排除）、freedom（不；免除）、refusal（不愿；不允许）、loss（失去）等。

第九讲 正译与反译(negation)

第九讲 正译与反译(negation)


从广义上说，任何反说转正说 和正说转反说以及任何相反概念 的转译都属于这种译法。如 hunger march----反饥饿游行， terror war-----反恐战争，dust mask---防尘罩，tear test----抗拉扯 实验, the head of the story---故事 的后面等都属于广义的正反译法。
• 5．短语 • 1）Don’t lose time in posting this letter. • 赶快把这封信寄出去。 • 2）The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer. • 调查的结果清清楚楚说明病人死于癌症。 • 3）Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. • 今天下午学生统统要交书面作业。 • 6．句子 • 1）Such fights couldn’t long escape notice. • 这类飞行迟早要会被人发觉的。 • 2）Ashurst saw at once that Phil was not all right. • 艾舍斯特马上看到菲尓出了毛病。
• • • • • • •
4．前置词 1）This problem is above me. 这问题我不懂。（或：我解决不了）。 2）ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้t was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同。 6．名词 1）By about six-thirty the sounds of aircraft, trucks and tanks had become quite familiar, but a series of small explosions nearby seemed cause for new anxiety. • 大约到六点半，大家对飞机、卡车和坦克的声音 已经很习以为常了。但是附近一些轻微的爆炸声似 乎又造成了新的不安。