新世纪研究生英语教程

新世纪研究生公共英语教材（上）听力原文lesson1LESSON ONEMusic1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program?W: I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two.Q: What does the woman mean?2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity[?t??riti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising.M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service服务announcements.通告Q: What does the man suggest they do?3. W: I don't understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions.M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book.Q: What does the man say about the self-study book?4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before.W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful.Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager?5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked? And do you have enough money?W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip.Q: What's the woman going to do?6. M: I've had my new stereo立体声for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out想到how to record music.W: Didn't an instruction manual[?m?nj u?l] 手册形式的，像手册的；教范性质的come with it?Q: What does the woman imply?7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But,I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet,M: Oh, but I have.Q: What does the man mean?8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read.W: He must think you don't have any other classes.Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith?9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks烟花tonight.W: I have tickets to the theater.Q: What does the woman mean?10. M: I am exhausted筋疲力尽的. I stayed up熬夜the whole night studying for my history midterm exam.W: Why do you always wait till the last minute?Q: What can be inferred about the man?11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack 包装；捆扎a change of clothes.W: It's only a barbecue[?bɑ:bikju:] (常用于室外的)金属烤架. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine.Q: What does the woman imply?12. W: I'm going to the snack [sn?k] 小吃; 点心; 快餐bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something?M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me? Q: What does the man mean?13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated[?k?lkjuleit]计算, 估计, 核算.W: Let me have a look, OK?Q: What does the woman mean?14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us?M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?15. W: Have you saved enough to buy that new printer for your computer yet?M: You know, money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately. Maybe next month.Q: What does the man mean?PART B Intensive加强的Listening: MusicPassage I: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart沃尔夫冈·阿马多伊斯·莫扎特Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) was one of the most human andlovable[?l?v?b?l]可爱的,惹人爱的of the great composers[k?m?p??z?] (尤指古典音乐)作曲家,创作者,作曲者. The period in which he lived was one of romantic interest, and his early life as a musical音乐的, 用于音乐的, 有音乐的child genius[?d?i:nj?s]天才, 天赋before the principal最重要的; 主要的courts of Europe reads like a fairy[?f??ri]仙人, 小仙子, 小精灵tale传说；陈述.(At no time)决不in the history of the world has the court life of Europe been so wasteful[?we?stf?l]浪费的;挥霍的;耗费的as during the later half of the eighteenth century. One of the great child geniuses[?d?i:nj?s]天才, 天赋the world has ever known, the boy Mozart, and his sister Maria Anna, soon became the court favorites[?feiv?rit]特别喜欢的人(或物),喜欢的事物,亲信,心腹,幸运儿and traveled not only in Austria, but to France and Italy as well. It was but natural天生的, 生来的，本来的，与生俱来的that the youthful青年人的; 青春的; genius[?d?i:nj?s]天才, 天赋should be influenced by these experiences. There is a delicacy [?del?k?si:] 精致, 精美;娇嫩and refinement [r??fa?nm?nt]精炼；提炼；提纯in Mozart's musical expression which is not found in the works of his master男教师; 院长, Haydn.From his seventh year until his death at the age of thirty-five, Mozart's genius (poured forth)连续不断地流出a free stream of over a thousand melodious [m??l??di:?s]有旋律的,产生旋律的compositions创作, 写作, 作曲, many of which were never published. Mozart wrote all forms for all instruments仪器. Of his forty-nine symphonies[?simf?ni]交响乐, 交响曲, the two greatest are G-minor and C-major. These works were both written in six weeks during the summer of 1788.As a composer (尤指古典音乐)作曲家,创作者,作曲者of opera[??p?r?]歌剧, Mozart still remains pre-eminent卓越的,优秀的. His dramatic戏剧性的works show great individual个别的, 单独的, 个人的genius天才, 天赋, but little regard for the previous先前的, 以前的reforms改革, 改良, 改造of Gluck. His areas have never been surpassed 超过; 优于; 多于; 非…所能办到and his dramatic戏剧的, 剧本的simplicity[sim?plisiti]简单, 朴素, 率直has rarely been equaled by succeeding composers作曲家. Mozart's greatest operas歌剧, "The Marriage of Figaro费加罗的婚礼", "Don Giovanni' and "The Magic Flute" are still popular favorites with singers歌手;歌唱家and the public as well. Gifted with a marvelous free melody, Mozart's music, even in his strictest compositions, possesses[p??zes].具有a simplicity简单, 朴素, 率直and naive grace 优雅which charms[t?ɑ:m]使高兴, 使着迷; 吸引all hearers.1. Which of the following countries had NOT been visited by Mozart and his sister?2. How many symphonies交响乐did Mozart create?3. Which word could be used to describe描写, 叙述the period in which Mozart lived?4. In which period did Mozart live?5. How long did Mozart engage in参加; 从事; 忙于composing?II.1. ( F ) Like his master Haydn, Mozart created his works with refinement 细微的改良; （精细的）改进, 改善and delicacy精致, 精美;娇嫩.2. ( T ) Mozart composed all forms of music for all instruments.3. ( F ) In Mozart's works, much attention was paid to the previous先前的, 以前的reforms of Gluck格卢克.4. ( T ) Mozart's areas have never been surpassed超过; 优于.5. (T) Simplicity简单, 朴素, 率直is one of the characteristics特征in Mozart's music.Passage II: American MusicOne of America's most important exports出口is her modern music. American music is played all over the world. It is enjoyed by the people of all ages in all countries. Although the lyrics are English, people not speaking English can enjoy it too. The reasons for its popularity普遍,流行; are its fast pace [peis步子；节奏and rhythmic [?r?em?k] 有韵律的, 有节奏的beat[bi:t]节拍, 拍子.The music has many origins[??rid?in]起点; 来源in the United States. Country music, coming from the rural农村的，乡村的areas in the southern United States, is one source来源, 出处. Country music features以…为物色是…特征simple themes 题目，主题，and melodies 曲调, 歌曲describing day-to-day situations形势; 情况and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate欣赏, 赏识, this music because of the emotions情感，感情expressed by country music songs.A second origin of American popular music is the blues[blu:z]布鲁斯歌曲；蓝调歌曲. It depicts描述mostly sad feelings reflecting表达; 反映the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is popular with all Americans.（Rock music）摇滚音乐is a newer form of music. This music style风格, featuring .以…为物色是…特征fast and repetitious重复的;反复的rhythms 节奏, was influenced by the blues布鲁斯歌曲；蓝调歌曲and country music. It was first known as rock-and-roll in the 1950s. Since then there have been many forms of rock music: hard rock, soft rock, and others. Many performers of popular music are young musicians.American popular music is marketed在市场上出售某物to a demanding(顾客的)需求、需要audience观众, 听众; 读者. Now popular songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs have become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sung in their original起初的; 原来的English or sometimes translated into other languages. The words may differ but the enjoyment of the music is universal普遍的.I.1. Which group of people enjoy American music?2. Why is American music so popular in all countries?3. What can be learned from the passage?4. What do you know from the passage?5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? Passage III: Music in Different CulturesIn western culture music is regarded as good by birth在血统上,生来, and sounds that are welcome are said to be "music to the ears". In some other cultures文化-- for example, Islamic伊斯兰的,伊斯兰教的culture -- it is of little value, associated (使)发生联系,(使)联合; 结交, 结伙with sin [sin]罪恶, 罪孽and evil罪恶. In the West and in the high cultures of Asia, it is said that there are three types of music. First, classical古典的, 经典的music, composed 组成, 构成and performed by trained professionals具有某专业资格的人, 专业人士originally最初under the support of courts 宫廷, 宫室and religious宗教的establishments建立, 确立; second, folk music 民间音乐, shared by the population at large and passed on传递; 传授orally口头上地,口述地, and third, popular music, performed by professionals,spread (使)传播, (使)散布through radio, television, records, film, and print, and consumed消耗，耗尽by the mass public.Music is a major component成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件in religious宗教的services, theater剧场,戏院,, and entertainment娱乐, 文娱节目, 表演会of all sorts. The most universal use of music is as a part of religious rituals仪式. In some tribal[?tra?b?l]部落的societies, music appears to serve as a special form of communication with supernatural超自然的;鬼、神或幻术所引起的beings, and its prominent显著的; 突出的use in modern Christian 基督教徒and Jewish犹太人的;犹太教徒的services may be the leftover of just such an original原始的purpose. Another less obvious function of music is social adherence遵守;遵循；坚持. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol象征, 标志. Members of most societies share keen热衷的, 热心的, feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to". Indeed, some minorities少数, 小部分including, in the U. S.A., black Americans and Euro-American groups use music as a major symbol of group identity身份. Music also symbolizes象征;作为…的象征military军事的, 军用的;, patriotic[?p?tri??tik]爱国的, 有爱国心的and funeral 葬礼, 丧礼moods心情, 情绪and events. In a more general 普遍的,全面的; sense, music may express the central最重要的, 主要的, 首要social values of a society. In western culture, the interrelationship相互关系of conductor and orchestra[??:kistr?]管弦乐队symbolizes the need for strong cooperation合作, 协作among various kinds of specialists 专家, 行家in a modern industrial society.I.1. In what culture is music regarded as good by birth?2. Which of the following is performed by professionals?3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?4. According to the passage, what is the most universal use of music?5. Which of the following is NOT symbolized by music?II.1. In some other cultures, music is of low value, associated with sin and evil.2. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol. Members of most societies share keen feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to".3. In a more general sense, music may express the central social values of a society. In Western culture, the interrelationship between conductor and orchestra symbolizes the need for strong cooperation among various kinds of specialists in a modern industrial society.PART C（1）Practical （2）Religious（3）Sunday School（4）Piano（5）a walk （6）join them（7）other people （8）go to the cinema（9）at the time （10）duty（11）gentle （12）discussion （13）penniless （14）vivid（15）greeted （16）love and warmth （17）come home （18）principles （19）applying。

UNIT ONE Party PoliticsP8 I Comprehension Check1-5 DCDAB 6-10 DDCABP10 Vocabulary StudyI 1-5 CBADB 6-10 CDBCDII 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy 9.murky 10.ticklishP11III TranslationTo invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial.P13 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 FFFTT 6-10 FTFTTB.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTFTFUNIT TWO The New SinglesP29 I Comprehension Check1-5 BDBDC 6-10 ACCADP31 Vocabulary StudyI 1.neo-realist 2.neo-Nazis 3.Neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-Darwinist7.neoclassical 8. neonatesII 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory 8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusionP32III TranslationNowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person.Key to Supplementary Readings(略)UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die?P51 Comprehension Check1-5 BCCBD 6-10 DCDADP53 V ocabulary StudyI 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount 6.ethical 7.prolonged 8. thorny9.congenital 10.subsequentlyII 1.euthanasia 2.salvaged 3.deformity 4.defects 5. handicaps 6.lingering 7. grapple 8. allegedly 9.acquitted 10.frontiersIII TranslationPeople who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body healthy and sound. Your chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They are more likely to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones.P59 Key to Supplementary ReadingsA.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 TTTFT B 1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TFTFFUNIT FOUR The Cultural Patterning of SpaceP71 Comprehension Check1-5 BABCC 6-9 DDDBP73 V ocabulary StudyI 1-5 begja 6-10 hcifdII 1.anthropologists 2. Patterns 3.tangible 4. persistent 5. infringe 6. integrate 7. secular 8. spatial 9.florist’s 10.ArchitectureIII TranslationAs one travels abroad and examines the ways in which space is handled, startling variations are discovered; differrences which we react to vigorously. Since none of us are taught to look at space as isolated from other associations, feelings cued by the handling of space are often attributed to something else. In growing up people learn literarily thousands of spatial cues, all of which have their own meanings in their own contexts.当人们到海外旅游时，如果留心观察外国人如何处理空间关系，就会发现许多令人惊讶的不同之处；而这些不同之处总让我们反应强烈。

Unit 10为何要争权夺利科学正在解释男人们永无休止地争强好胜的生物学根源乔弗雷·考利[1] 成吉思汗不是一个为性别角色而烦恼的人,他放纵性欲、追逐权力, 而且毫不讳言。

"人之快乐莫过于征服敌人,令其俯首称臣 ", 这位皇帝曾经叫嚣到,"夺其马匹,掠其财物。

"13 世纪早期,成吉思汗征服了当时已知世界的三分之二,建立了一个西起东欧、东至朝鲜的蒙古帝国。

他还可能创下了生物学家所称的生殖成功的最高历史纪录, 在他死后33年写成的一份材料认为,其子孙后代达20,000 人。

今天, 研究人员认为,8%生活在原蒙古帝国的人可能拥有这位伟人的基因。

[2] 自成吉思汗以来,男人们的行为举止已经有了显著的改进, 一夫多妻制在几百年前已不再流行,即使是暴君现在也否认掠夺和压迫是理想的手段。

然而在内心,我们和800年前没什么不同,也就是说, 我们是权位的追逐者。

我们可能会谈论平等与友爱, 我们可能会努力消除阶级差别。

然而,我们却在继续构筑等级制度,并在其中争权夺利。

我们是否可以摒弃这一趋势? 或许不能。

因为科学家们发现争权夺利并不仅仅是一种习惯或文化传统,它是雄性心理的固有特征——一种根植于神经系统并且由荷尔蒙和脑化学物质控制的生物驱动力。

这种渴望统治的驱动力扭曲我们的感知、玷污我们的友谊、左右我们的情绪和影响我们的健康,但这种动力并不总是给我们带来负面效应。

等级制度不仅产生争斗和不公,也能创造和谐。

即使我们无法消除等级制度,但毫无疑问,我们可以使它们变得更加有益。

[3] 男性并不是唯一追逐权位的人,但在生命的每个阶段,我们对此都比女性更加执著。

研究表明,与女孩相比,男孩十三个月时更任性,蹒跚学步时更具攻击性,几乎在所有年龄段都更好胜。

女生通常做集体游戏,而男生从六岁便开始建立等级关系,并通过暴力游戏加以维持。

青少年时期,我们比女孩更爱吹嘘、威吓他人、与别人争抢。

1Unit 6Traveling and SightseeingPart I Video Time Task 1 TranscriptFirst Visit to BangkokMy name is Richard.So what else do you need to know?Stuff about my family or where I’m from Stuff about my family or where I’m from? ? None of that matters.Not once you cross the ocean and cut yourself loose.Looking for something more beautiful, something more exciting, and yes, I admit, something more dangerous.So after 18 hours in the back of an airplane, three dumb movies, two plastic meals, six beers and absolutely no sleep, I finally touched down in Bangkok.“Hey, you! How about you? You want to go to the waterfall? Come on! Floating market! 1,500! Cheap for you! Come on. Hey!Cheap for you! Come on. Hey!”” “Hey, you need somewhere to stay?” “No. No. I’ll be fine. I’ll find my own place I’ll be fine. I’ll find my own place I’ll be fine. I’ll find my own place. Thanks.. Thanks.. Thanks.”” “What do you want, man?What do you want, man?”…”… And this is it And this is it——Bangkok, good time city, gateway to Southeast Asia.Where dollars and Deutschmarks get turned into counterfeit watches and genuine scars. “Good time. Boy? Girl? No problem.Good time. Boy? Girl? No problem.”…”… This is where the hungry come to feed. “You want to drink snake blood?”“Wait a minute. Did you say snake blood?”“Oh, yeah.Oh, yeah.”” “No, thanks.No, thanks.””“What is wrong with snake blood?What is wrong with snake blood?”” “I just don’t like the idea.” “Or maybe you Or maybe you’re ’re ’re scared? Afraid of something new? scared? Afraid of something new?” “No. No. I just don’t like the idea, that’s all.”I just don’t like the idea, that’s all.”“Ha ha! Like every tourist. You want it all be safe, just like America.” So never refuse an invitation. Never resist the unfamiliar. Never fail to be polite.“Gentlemen, that was excellent.Gentlemen, that was excellent.””Never outstay your welcome.Just keep your mind open and suck in the experience. And if it hurts, And if it hurts, it’s probably worth it.it’s probably worth it. Exercise 1 Watching for Global Understanding1) What did Richard do in the plane?He watched three dumb movies, had two plastic meals, and drank six bottles of beer. 2) What suggestions did Richard give us? Never refuse an invitation. Never resist the unfamiliar. Never fail to be polite.Never outstay your welcome.Exercise 2 Watching for Specific Information 1) None of that matters. 2) Good time city.3) This is where the hungry come to feed. 4) Gentlemen, that was excellent. 5) 5) And if it hurts, it’s probably And if it hurts, it’s probably And if it hurts, it’s probably worth it. worth it. Task 2 TranscriptSierra Madre TourismThe sheer beauty of northern Mexico The sheer beauty of northern Mexico’’s Sierra Madre Mountains is only one reason why many visitors come a long way to enjoy some quiet time in this part of the country known as the Copper Canyon.“Its natural beauty and panorama that it offers is unbelievable. If you just look at the beauty that you see here. It’s, it’that you see here. It’s, it’s awe-inspiring.s awe-inspiring.s awe-inspiring.””The views of the beautiful canyons are spectacular. A train ride through dozens of tunnels adds to the allure of the mountains. And the opportun ity to interact with the region’ity to interact with the region’s Tarahumara s Tarahumara Ind Indians is another reason this isn’ians is another reason this isn’ians is another reason this isn’t an average mountain destination. t an average mountain destination.“You have the Tarahumara Indians, inhabit in these mountains. And the Tarahumara Indians is one of the most unique native Americans that you still can see in its original state or the, in the original habits that they have kept for thousands of years.original habits that they have kept for thousands of years.””But is this entire natural environment at risk as a result of an increase in tourism itself? Not according to an areal businessman, who believes in playing by the rules of nature for the benefit of the region.“It’s a, it’“It’s a, it’s a very complex thing, but we believe that is (the) only way to go. And for future s a very complex thing, but we believe that is (the) only way to go. And for future generations, we have to start now by preserving what we have and letting older generations also enjoy what we’re doing right now. So, it’s a job and it’s a work that we’re gonna do forever.re gonna do forever.””Tourism officials say there is no reaso n to worry. They say there aren’t enough visitors in the Copper Canyon region to prompt cause for concern. But they are preparing for the future by researching and developing conservation plans.“Of course, we Of course, we want to develop the area but we’re taking care of nature. It’want to develop the area but we’re taking care of nature. It’want to develop the area but we’re taking care of nature. It’s very important s very important for us to protect nature. The Copper Canyon is very very important for tourism in the state of Chihuahua.Chihuahua.””“We want to be more cautious. We created an organization called Sierra Madre Explorer thatis dedicated, you know, to keep the, the, perhaps, to keep the destination as untouchable as we can. And so that’s a big effort we’we’re re doing because we see a big responsibility to keep it very very clean and very eco-safe.clean and very eco-safe.””Regardless of the reason, mountain lovers are pleased that at least for now the precious landscape won’landscape won’t be touched by the hand of economic progress. t be touched by the hand of economic progress.Exercise 1 Making a Sound JudgmentT 1) The beauty of northern Mexico Mexico’’s Sierra Madre Mountains is one reason why visitors come to enjoy this part of the country.F 2) Tourism officials want to develop the area without taking care of nature.T 3) They have already created an organization to protect the holiday destination. F 4) Nowadays the landscape is touched by the hand of economic progress.Exercise 2 Essay Writing SampleThe Ecological Crisis on the Booming TourismTraveling is among many people’s favorite recreations, which enables us not only to broaden our horizons, but also to shape our mind and spirits. However, just like a coin has two sides, tourism may bring about a serious problem problem——ecological crisis. The environment has been suffering with the boom of tourism. In order to attract tourists, many places have been turned into resorts. Forests are gone, prairies are destroyed, rivers and lakes are polluted, and wild animals are dying out.These horrible scenes should give rise to our great attentions. W e must protect our eco-environment while enjoying the beautiful scenery. In order to keep a balance between tourism and ecology, the concept of eco-tourism, which intends to bring people closer to nature with as little disturbance as possible, should be advocated. Funding environmental programs and limiting excessive exploitation of natural resources should be done by all levels of governments. What we need to do is simple: do not litter; strictly observe regulations at resorts, and use as few plastic bags and boxes as possible, only by which, can we hope to build a harmonious environment for traveling. At last, we should keep in mind that when we travel we should take away nothing but memories and leave nothing but footprints.Part II Listening Activities Task 1 TranscriptTaking a Reservation over the PhoneLeo: Plaza Hotel, good morning. Leo speaking. Mona: Ah yes, I’d like to book two rooms for myself and my father Ah yes, I’d like to book two rooms for myself and my father. Could you tell me the cost of . Could you tell me the cost ofa single room per night?Leo: Certainly. A single room is 120 dollars American, per night.Mona: Fine.Leo: And when would you like the rooms? Mona: From the 25th to the 28th of September.Leo: Arriving on the 25th of September and leaving on the 28th? Three nights? Mona: That’s right. Leo: Just a minute please.(Sound of tapping on computer keyboard)Yes, we have rooms available then. You require two single rooms? Mona: Yes, thank you.Leo: Can I have your name please? Mona: My name is Mona White.Leo: And your father’s name, Ms White? Mona: Jack Webber.Leo: Could you spell the surname please? Mona: Sure. W-E-double B-E-R. Leo: Double P for Papa?Mona: No, double B for Bravo.Leo: And how will you be paying for your room, Ms White? Mona: By credit card.Leo: Both rooms on the same card? Mona: Y es.Leo: Your card number please? Mona: 4434 1234 5678 9902 Leo: Double one, zero two?Mona: No, double nine zero two. Leo: 4434 1234 5678 9902? Mona: That’s right.Leo: And the expiry date? Mona: El Eleven, …even, …(Phone crackle obscures date)Leo: Could you repeat that please? Mona: November this year.Leo: Thank you. I’ve booked two rooms for Ms White an Thank you. I’ve booked two rooms for Ms White and Mr. Webber from Wednesday the d Mr. Webber from Wednesday the25th to Saturday the 28th of September. Mona: Thank you.Leo: You’re welcome. We’ll see you on the 25th, Ms White. Mona: Thanks a lot. Goodbye. Leo: Goodbye.Exercise 1 Listening for Details Name of the Hotel Plaza Hotel Room Type single roomArrival Time the 25th of September The Way to Payby credit card The Expiry Date The Expiry Date of the Lady’s Credit Card of the Lady’s Credit CardNovember 11 this yearTask 2 TranscriptWaiter: Hello, my Hello, my name’name’name’s s s John. I’John. I’John. I’ll be your waiter this evening. Can I get you anything from the ll be your waiter this evening. Can I get you anything from thebar for starters? Derek: No, thanks. What we really need is a booster chair for our daughter. Do you have one? Waiter: Yes, of course. The hostess should have brought you one. Just a moment.Waiter: Our special tonight is Duck Chambord, which is roast duck served in a raspberry saucewith fresh raspberries. with fresh raspberries. It’It’It’s also served with wild rice and a medley of vegetables. That is s also served with wild rice and a medley of vegetables. That is 17.95 and it comes with soup or salad. Sandy: What is your soup of the day?Waiter: Our soup of the day is French onion.Sandy: The duck sounds good. One of us should have it. Derek: Alright, you order the duck. Sandy: Fine.Derek: She will have the duck, and I will have the filet mignon.Waiter: How would you like your filet mignon, sir? Rare, medium rare, or well-done? Derek: Medium rare.Waiter: And would you like soup or salad with your meals? Sandy: I want salad. Derek: I’I’ll have the soup. French onion, yes? ll have the soup. French onion, yes?Waiter: Yes, that’Yes, that’s right. s right. s right. It’It’It’s very good. I recommend it. s very good. I recommend it.Sandy: Our daughter will share some of our meal with us. Could you bring an extra plate for her? Waiter: Of co Of course, Ma’urse, Ma’urse, Ma’am. I will also bring your sourdough bread in just a moment.am. I will also bring your sourdough bread in just a moment. Sandy: Our bread?Waiter: Yes, we serve it at all tables.Sandy: Good. Thank you. Exercise 1 Listening for Global Understanding1) Who should have brought the booster chair to the couple? The hostess.2) Why did the woman ask for an extra plate?Their daughter will share some of their meal with it. 3) What did the restaurant serve at all tables for free? sourdough breadExercise 2 Listening for Details1) Can I get you anything from the bar for starters?2) Our special tonight is Duck Chambord, which is roast duck served in a raspberry sauce with fresh raspberries.3) That is 17.95 and it comes with soup or salad.4) How would you like your filet mignon, sir? Rare, medium rare, or well-done? 5) 5) It’It’It’s very good. I recommend it. s very good. I recommend it.6) I will also bring your sourdough bread in just a moment.Additional Listening TranscriptThe Longest Suspension Bridge in the WorldVerrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbor in 1524 and named it Angoul named it Angoulême. He described it as “ême. He described it as “ême. He described it as “a very agreeable situation located within two small hills a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the mids in the midst of which flowed a great river”t of which flowed a great river”t of which flowed a great river”. Though V . Though V . Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a errazano is by no means considered to be a greatest explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and e legant, fulfilling its designer’designer’s s dream to crea create te “an enormous obje object drawn as faintly as possible”ct drawn as faintly as possible”ct drawn as faintly as possible”. . Exercise 1 Listening Comprehension 1) D2) A3) BExercise 2 Listening for Details 1) Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbor in 1524 and named it AngoulêAngoulême me （安古拉姆）2) The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea.3) Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. 4) Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire.Task 3Role Play Sample for the DialogueWang: We’We’re approaching Badaling and you will see the Great Wall in a short while. re approaching Badaling and you will see the Great Wall in a short while. Jack: Wonderful Wonderful! We’! We’! We’ve been waiting for it so long. ve been waiting for it so long. Mike: W hat’hat’s the length of the Great Wall? s the length of the Great Wall?Wang: The Great Wall meanders from east to west for about 6,000 kilometers or 12,000 li. That’,000 li. That’s swhy we call it in Chinese “Wan Li Chang Cheng”, w , which literally means “Ten Thousand Li hich literally means “Ten Thousand Li Long Wall”Long Wall”. .Jack: And it was built more than 2,000 years ago?Wang: Y es, construction of the Wall first began during the Warring States period about 2,500years ago. Some kingdoms built huge walls hoping to protect their territories. When QinShihuang or the First Emperor unified China in 221BC, he decided to have the various sections of the walls linked up and also extended. From that we got the Great Wall. Jack: And that’s what we’And that’s what we’re going to see, right? re going to see, right? Wang: No, not really No, not really. The Qin Great Wall hasn’. The Qin Great Wall hasn’t got much left today. In the subsequent dynasties,the Great Wall was rebuilt many times. The last massive rebuilding of the Great wall was in Ming Dynasty. The Great Wall we shall see at Badaling was rebuilt then. Oh, here we are. Please remember the number of our bus. Should you go astray from the group as I know some younger members of our group would like to have a quick climb to the top, please remember to come here before 11 remember to come here before 11 o’clock o’clock o’clock. .Jack: What are those towers on the wall spaced at regular distances from one another?Wang: They are beacon fire towers. In ancient times, if attacked by enemies the guards would set off smoke in the day-time and bonfire at night to alarm troops stationed along the wall. Jack: I see Bob and Ma I see Bob and Mark are already on the wall. Let’rk are already on the wall. Let’rk are already on the wall. Let’s quicken our steps. s quicken our steps.Wang: Please watch your step. It’Please watch your step. It’s very steep here and the surface is a little slippery. s very steep here and the surface is a little slippery. Jack: I now understand why you told us to wear no high heeled shoes. Wang: Shall I give you a hand? Mike: No, no. I No, no. I’’m doing fine with the help of the banisters. Jack: Hold on. A few more steps will bring us to the top.Wang: Now, this is the furthest point we can go. Beyond here, the wall has not been restored yet.Why don’Why don’t we sit down and rest for a while before we turn back? t we sit down and rest for a while before we turn back?Mike: This is such a lovely place! Green mountains roll over one another. Lush trees dot theslopes. A gentle breeze caresses us and the Great Wall winds its way like a giant serpent. Wang: I also want to tell you a well-known legend. In 221 B.C., in ShanXi Province there was apoor scholar. One day the soldiers came to his village and seized every man in sight, but the scholar managed to escape by hiding himself in a garden. He was discovered by a beautiful young girl named Meng Jiangnu who helped him. Soon they fell in love. But on their wedding d wedding day he was seized by the emperor’ay he was seized by the emperor’ay he was seized by the emperor’s soldiers and taken to the Great Wall to work. s soldiers and taken to the Great Wall to work. For months and months, Meng Jiangnu waited for her husband to return but there was no news of him. Finally she decided to go to the Great Wall to look for him. After a long and hard journey, she arrived at the beginning of the wall, at Shanhaiguan by the sea. After searching for him for many weeks, she finally gave up her hope. In great despair she knelt by the wall and wept for three days and three nights. The wall, weakened by her tears, collapsed around here and there, where great stones had once been, lay the dead body of her husband. Meng Jiangnu was heart-broken. She threw herself into the sea and drowned. If you get the chance to go to Shanhaiguan yo chance to go to Shanhaiguan you’u’u’ll see a temple dedicated to her memory over-looking the ll see a temple dedicated to her memory over-looking the sea.Jack: Well, Wang, you are not only knowledgeable about history, but also have the gift of the gab!。

新世纪研究生英语教程（第四版）课文译文—第6单元无纸化办公之神为什么你的办公室愈加混乱不堪?弗雷德里充·依·艾伦［１］在1970年《未来者》杂志中阿尔温·托福乐声称“打印任何资料是机器的一种原始用途，违背了其本身的初衷。

”五年后，施乐公司的帕罗·阿尔托研究中心的主任认为无纸化办公已经初现端倪，并大胆预言在未来“不知道这个世界上我还会需要多少硬拷贝。

”［２］如果他还和我们一样，那么，他仍然被许多纸张包围，很可能比以往任何时候更加严重。

几十年来,我们一直期待着无纸化办公的到来,但是,新技术层出不穷,旨在帮助我们取代在几千年前最先由埃及人利用河咒苇制造的纸。

这些新技术包括电子记事本,体积越来越小的笔记本电脑和内容总在不断更新的电子书籍。

我们都知道纸张占据宝贵的空间,一次只能够放在一个地方,检索或查询非常困难,而且缺少超文本所具有的交互性和链接功能。

因为了解这一点,所以我们为继续依赖纸张而内疚。

为什么我们还不能够克服这一陋习呢?［３］两位英国研究人员阿比加尔·宅和理此埃持仁哈坡决定对此进行研究,并将其研究成果写成《无纸办公室的神话》一书,由麻省理工学院出版社出版。

书中举例说明了我们所处的困境:他们在一家高科技研究实验室遇到了一位经理,其办公室里到处都堆积着纸张——椅子上、工作台上、办公桌上、电脑周围。

他似乎有一种超能力,只用几秒钟就在乱七八糟的纸堆里找到所需文件,但是,这的确会让他的老板感到难堪。

每当公司老板到来之时,他不得不把所有的纸张收拾起来,藏入壁橱的箱子里。

这样做的结果使他此后一两周的工作效率大减。

这就产生了问题:难道纸张真的妨碍我们的工作吗?[4] 我们很容易这么认为。

关于计算机化信息处理的优点我们已经耳熟能详,但是,我们却从未听说过纸张的优点。

塞伦和哈坡已经发现了纸张的优点。

以他们如何描述一张普通办公桌上的文件摆放为例。

它准确地描述了我的,也许还有你的乱糟糟的办公室:一叠重要的文件放在办公桌中间,可能紧靠在电话旁,这些文件被他们称为特急件,需要马上处理。

Unit 1 Differences Between Cultures Thinking AheadStudents are asked to discuss the following questions in groups. The reference answers for the questions are offered below:1. How do you think about the word “culture”?Culture is a word for people‟s “way of life”, meaning the way they do things. A group of people has a separate culture when that group sets itself apart from others through its actions. Cultures are what make countries unique. Each country has different cultural activities and cultural rituals. Culture is more than just material goods, that is things the culture uses and produces. Culture is also the beliefs and values of the people in that culture. Culture also includes the way people think about and understand the world and their own lives.2. Why should we study cross-cultural communication?Cross-cultural communication refers to the study of successful communications across different cultures. It concerns the understanding of tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing.The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. The challenge is that even with all the good will in the world, miscommunication is likely to happen, especially when there are significant cultural differences between communicators. Miscommunication may lead to conflict, or aggravate conflict that already exists. So it is very important that we should study cross-cultural communication.(From /english/news/culture/200805/13-86570.html) Part I Video TimeIn this part, students will have 2 tasks to accomplish.Task 1In task 1, students will watch a video clip from Gua Sha and then do the exercises as required. Before watching, students are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural notes related to the video.TranscriptMrs.Xu: How come it doesn‟t look like the courtroom on TV?Judge: Because it isn‟t a courtroom, Mrs. Xu. Does either of the counselor have problem with my holding hearings in chambers?To tell you the truth, because I can‟t stand that awful echo in the courtroom, you know, winds in the gallery.(People were chuckling.)Lawyer Quinlin: No problem, your honor. John Quinlin, attorney for the defense.Judge Horowizs: Why that I‟ve never seen you around before, Mr. Quinlin?Lawyer Quinlin: I‟ve never had the honor, your honor. Er, I deal mostly with the intellectual property rights cases.Judge:Apples and oranges（风马牛不相及）, Mr Quinlin; The two areas of law have virtually nothing to do with each other.Lawyer Quinlin: Well, yes, of course. So I told my client. But he insisted on my representing him.Also I‟d like to have the record show that my client only had two days‟ notice of this hearing;also for me only 24 hours‟ preparation time.Judge: I think we are putting the cart before the horse（本末倒置）, your counselor. This hearing is for the purpose of determining whether there is sufficient evidence to advance court proceedings, so take off your lawyer caps. And before we get caught to these formalities, let‟s just talk about the matter. Will the Child Welfare Agency care to start? Lawyer Davis: Y es, your honor. We are prepared to proceed in any way you save it. Three days ago, we received a telephone call from the social worker on duty at St. Matthew hospital informing us of a possible case of child abuse discovered as a result of medical examination by Doctor Michael Longman. Upon administrating treatment in the ER to Denis Xu, Doctor Longman had reason to suspect that Denis had been the subject of physical abuse.Judge: I‟ve read the report, Ms. A very. V ery thorough as usual.Lawyer Davis: As you can see, the medical report indisputably proves that Denis Xu has been a subject of deliberate, long-term neglect and abuse.Lawyer Quinlin: Objection! No foundation, just conjecture and speculation!Judge: This is a hearing, not a trial, Mr. Quinlin, but you make a fine point.Lawyer Davis:In order to supplement the medical report, you will know that we provided additional evidence.(Lawyer Davis opened a suitcase.)Lawyer Quinlin: Y our honor, we haven‟t received any copies of evidence or report related to this case.Margaret Avery (murmuring): I thought you provided them with copies.Lawyer Davis: En. Sorry, your honor, no recite.Margaret Avery: I don‟t know how this could have happened.Lawyer Davis: Y our honor, the CW A was currently carrying a full investigation of this case and has located a considerable number of witnesses, all of whom are prepared to testify regarding Mr. Datong Xu‟s violent nature, and the neglect and abuse he has inflicted on his young son Denis.Lawyer Quinlin: And I can produce a hundred witnesses to testify that he is a good husband and father who rather die than see his family harmed. I count myself chief among those witnesses.Margaret Avery: As my colleague has just stated, we are in the midst of a full investigation, but we will not be calling any witnesses: we feel there is no need.Datong Xu: She really doesn‟t have any witnesses.Lawyer Quinlin: Or she thinks she doesn‟t need any.Margaret Avery: Y our honor, I have incontrovertible evidence that I feel we will quickly settle this matter in the court‟s mind.(Margaret A very and Lawyer Quinlin both walked to the judge.)Lawyer Quinlin: Y our honor, perhaps I don‟t understand family law, but I do understand Datong Xu. These accusations are ludicrous laughable.Margaret Avery: Perhaps you don‟t understand your friend as well as you think you do. (Margaret A very presented pictures to the judge.)Margaret Avery: According to the doctor‟s report, the condition and coloration of the bruise were inflicted two days prior to Denis‟head injury. We believe these photographs are sufficient evidence to demonstrate that Denis Xu lives in a dangerous home environment, and should remain under the protection of the state.Judge (sternly): Please return to your seat.Lawyer Quinlin: (to Datong Xu) How could you do this to your son? Is this something you forgot to fill me in on? Did you think they will never notice your son‟s back like a piece of roast beef?Datong Xu:That is Gua Sha, a traditional Chinese medical treatment. Denis had stomach ache that day, and Gua Sha is simply a cure, a… a home remedy, you call it. I had this done on me in this time when I was a kid.Lawyer Quinlin:If this is what you call some kind of treatment that he does see what you considered as child abuse!Judge: If you two want to chit chat, we can all go home. Does the defense have something more to add?Lawyer Quinlin: No.Datong Xu: Y es I do! I think you don‟t understand. Y ou know, Gua Sha is a traditional Chinese medical treatment used for nearly all kinds of illnesses. For thousands of years, Chinese medicine had recognized that there are seven Jing and eight Mai（七经八脉）. Er, for example, it is like small streams that run in to rivers and in turns fall into a sea. A person‟s body has an invisible but very complex system of vessel network, just like the computer network. And also the human Qi from Dantian finally goes to Dantian. It is the same principle!!Judge: Y our kind, what is he saying?Datong Xu: It‟s the kind of…(interrupted by the judge)Judge: We don‟t understand what you say. Perhaps I should put it in another way. What does it say on every Missouri license plate?Datong Xu:Show-me state（用证据说话）.Judge:Precisely. Can you get an authoritative medical expert to back your testimony in plain English that an old country judge can understand?Datong Xu: Y es, I can try.Judge: Did you do this Gua Sha to your son yourself?(A pause)Judge: Mr. Xu?Datong Xu: Y es, I did it myself.Mrs. Xu: No! It wasn‟t him.(Datong Xu started to speak Chinese.)Judge: I warn you: this hearing must be conducted in a language we all can understand. Did you have something to add at this discussion?Mrs. Xu: No, your honor.Judge: Let me ask you one more time for the sake of clarity. Did you do this Gua Sha to your son?Datong Xu: Y es, I did.Judge: Then until I was shown otherwise, I have no choice but to conclude that Denis Xu lives in an unsafe home environment, and should be kept under the supervision of the Child Welfare Agency tending a full trial on the charges.Key to ExercisesExercise 1 W atching for DetailsStudents are asked to watch the video clip and choose the best answers to the questions.1) D2) C3) BExercise 2 W atching for Specific InformationStudents are asked to watch the video clip again and fill in the blanks with the missing information.Lawyer Davis: Y es, your honor. We are prepared to 1) proceed in any way you save it. Three days ago, we received a telephone call from the social worker on duty at St. Matthew hospital2) informing us of a possible case of child abuse discovered 3) as a result of medicalexamination by Doctor Michael Longman. Upon 4) administrating treatment in the ER to Denis Xu, Doctor Longman had reason to suspect that Denis had been the subject of physical5) abuse.Datong Xu: Y es I do! I think you don‟t understand. Y ou know, Gua Sha is a 6) traditional Chinese medical treatment used for nearly all kinds of 7) illnesses. For thousands of years, Chinese medicine had recognized that there are seven Jing and eight Mai. Er, for example, it is like small 8) streams that run into rivers and in turns fall into a sea. A person‟s body has an 9) invisible but very complex system of 10) vessel network, just like the computer network. And also the human Qi（气）from Dantian（丹田）finally goes to Dantian. The same principle!Task 2In task 2, students will watch a video clip about the art of paper-cutting and then do the exercises as required. Before watching, students are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural note related to the video.TranscriptThe Art of Paper-cuttingWhat I have done is only a rough idea of what I‟m going to cut out. Then I‟m going to cut it out with my scissors.(Folk paper-cutting is a Chinese art form. It‟s just like traditional Chinese painting, oil painting or calligraphy. What‟s wonderful about paper-cutting is that it isn‟t just limited to people in the countryside—everyone from all different communities do it too.)(Just like she mentioned, Liu Ren tries her best to promote the art in China and also the world.)I like doing freehand paper-cutting. Ideally you shouldn‟t draw a design on the paper and then cut it out. The best part about paper-cutting is you, the paper and scissors working together. In 1993, I was invited to exhibit Chinese paper-cutting to other countries. I hope to build more recognition for Chinese folk paper-cutting. In order to pass on this art form, I teach people who really love the art of Chinese paper-cutting, and I don‟t charge them any tuition. Last year, I had an American student who was studying Chinese culture at a UK university. He came to China to write his thesis. I gave him some lessons on Chinese paper-cutting. After he went back to continue his studies, he entered a logo design competition in his university. He created a logo by doing a paper-cutting and he won the top prize! The young student was so excited and he told me that his college friends all wanted to learn more about Chinese paper-cutting and even about me. The art form is warmly welcomed in the UK. My dream is to set up one or two paper-cutting museums in other countries.When I was young, I made butterflies in different art forms. I think everyone is born with artistic talent.Key to ExercisesExercise 1 W atching for DetailsStudents are asked to watch the video clip and answer the following questions.1) What‟s wonderful about paper-cutting？Paper-cutting isn‟t just limited to people in the countryside and everyone from all different communities does it too.2) What does Liu Ren try her best to do?She tries hard to promote the paper-cutting art in China and also the world.3) What does Liu Ren do to pass on the art of paper-cutting?In order to pass on this art form, she teaches people who really love the art of Chinese paper-cutting, and she doesn‟t charge them any tuition.4) Where does Liu Ren‟s student come from?America.5) What is Liu Ren‟s dream?Her dream is to set up one or two paper-cutting museums in other countries.Exercise 2 W atching for Specific InformationStudents are asked to watch the video clip again and fill in the blanks with the missing information.‟write his gave him some lessons After he went back tocontinue his studies, he entered a logo design He created a logo by doing a paper-cutting and he won the top prize! The young student was so excited and he told me that his college friends all wanted to learn more about Chinese paper-cutting and even aboutPart II Listening ActivitiesIn this part, you will have 3 listening tasks to accomplish.Task 1In task 1, students will listen to a passage about national symbols and then do the exercises as required. Before listening, they are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural notes related to the passage.TranscriptNational SymbolsWhen many people in the west think of China, the animal that they think of is the dragon. For them, the dragon is an aggressive monster that breathes fire. Many popular legends tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens.For Chinese people however, the dragon is not an evil monster. It‟s a cultural and spiritual symbol for prosperity and good luck. The dragon‟s main task is to create harmony and bring rain. Dragons are celebrated in art and architecture, and of course the dragon dance is a very popular ritual. Millions of Chinese have the word “long”, meaning dragon, as part of their names.China isn‟t the only country to have the dragon as its symbol. Wales, one of the four countries in the UK, has a red dragon proudly displayed on its flag. The only other country in the world with a dragon on its flag is Bhutan, the tiny country between China and India.Almost all countries in the world have an animal symbol to represent their country, and it is particularly obvious during sports. The English see lions as brave, proud animals and the England football team have three lions on the front of their football shirts.Australia is famous for kangaroos, of course. The national rugby team is more commonly known as the Wallabies, a kind of small kangaroo. Similarly, the South African team are known as the Springboks, a type of African antelope, and the New Zealanders, whether playing sports or not, are commonly known as Kiwis. A kiwi is a native New Zealand bird that can‟t fly.All countries are proud of their symbols, which they feel reflect national characteristics or the beauty and variety of their natural environments. Recently, a Shanghai professor claimed that using the dragon as a national symbol could make western countries have a negative view of China. But in an internet survey 90% of Chinese people wanted to keep the dragon, and as we are all familiar with that Chinese symbol, people in the west would no doubt want China to keep the dragon too.Key to ExercisesExercise 1 Making a Sound JudgmentStudents are asked to listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).F 1) People in the west have the same ideas about dragons as people in China.F 2) In China, dragons bring bad luck.T 3) Only two countries in the world have a dragon on their flag.T 4) The England football team have three lions on the front of their football shirts.T 5) Many Chinese people want to keep the dragon as a symbol of China.Exercise 2 Listening for Specific InformationStudents are asked to listen to the passage again and fill in the blanks with the missing information.When many people in the west 1) think of China, the animal that they think of is the 2) dragon . For them, the dragon is an 3) aggressive monster that 4) breathes fire. Many popular 5) legends tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens.For Chinese people, however, the dragon is not an evil monster. It‟s a cultural and 6) spiritual symbol for 7) prosperity and good luck. The dragon‟s main task is to create 8) harmony and bring rain. Dragons are celebrated in art and 9) architecture, and of course the dragon dance is a very popular 10) ritual. Millions of Chinese have the word …long‟, meaning dragon, as part of their name.Exercise 3 Essay WritingChina, as one of the oldest countries in the world, does not only have the dragon as her symbol, but also a lot of others, which keep distinctive ancient Chinese features. Now students are asked to write an essay entitled Chinese Symbols with no less than 160 words to introduce other distinctive symbols of China.SampleChinese SymbolsIt is known to all that national symbols are heavily culture-oriented. With the world‟s longest continuous civilization, for more than 40 centuries, its people created a culture with strong philosophies, traditions and values. Thus, the national symbols for china are numerous and distinctive.The first to mention is, the Great Wall, which is one of the symbols of China and one of the seven wonders in the world. In the imperial periods, this magnificent construction was used in the defense of enemies. Sublime as it is, the Great wall is the only construction on earth that can be seen from the outer space.When many people in the west think of China, the animal that they may think of is the Giant Panda, which is the national animal of China. Giant Panda is one of the most precious animals in the world. It is easily known by its large, distinctive black patches around the ears, and on its rotund body.Terracotta-clay warriors, which unearthed in Xi‟an, is another symbol to represent Chinese long history. It is a famous ancient city, which was sculptured in Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of China.As one of the cradles of human civilization, China possesses so many treasures with distinctive characteristics. The above mentioned are just a drop of water into the sea and a grave stone in comparison of the sand.Task 2In task 2, students will listen to a dialogue about culture shock and then do the exercises as required. Before listening, they are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural noterelated to the dialogue.TranscriptCulture Shock(Terry Joyce talks about her experience of living and working in England, where she has been for the past eleven years.)Interviewer: So, Terry. Y ou have been in England for quite a long time now.T erry: Mmm.Interviewer: What differences do you notice between England and the United States?T erry:Obviously the biggest difference is the people. The average Englishman is…mmm…cold and not very open.Interviewer: Oh.T erry: In the United States it‟s very different. We start conversations with people in the street, in the subway; we‟re a lot more outgoing than people here. Y ou know, when I first came, I couldn‟t understand why I was getting so little reaction from people, but now I see that they thought I was overpowering and too friendly too soon.Interviewer: But, tell me: Does the Englishman improves as you get to know him?T erry: Oh, yes.Interviewer: Oh, good.T erry: Once you have made a friend, it‟s a friend for life, but it takes a very long time. I‟ll tell you something that I think is very important. An Englishman in America is respected. Everyone wants to talk to him. We‟re inquisitive. We love his accent and his country.But Americans in England are thought to be a little inferior because of their loud behavior and their language.One thing I‟ve learned is that English people like a certain distance. When I was talking to someone, he would move away, you know, move backwards, and I thought. “Do I smell? AmI boring him?”The reason is, you see, Americans stand closer when they‟re talking whileEnglish people like a certain distance.Key to ExercisesExercise 1 Making a Sound JudgmentStudents are asked to listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).F 1) The biggest difference the interviewee notices between England and America is the accent. T 2) When the interviewee first went to England, she got little reaction from the people there. T 3) Friendship with an Englishman lasts longer than that with an American.F 4) When the interviewee talked with the English people, they usually moved backwardsbecause of her bad smell.T 5) According to the dialogue, Americans in England are thought to be a little inferior because of their loud behavior and their language.Exercise 2 Listening for Specific InformationStudents are asked to listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with the missing information.1) English people, in general, are cold and not very open. Compared with the English people,Americans are more outgoing.2) When the interviewee first went to England, she was considered overpowering and too friendlytoo soon.3) It takes a long time to make friends with the English people. But once a friend is made, it is afriend for life.4) The Americans like to talk with an Englishman because they love his accent and his country,while Americans in England are considered inferior because of their loud behavior and their language.5) When talking with each other, Americans stand closer while English people like a certaindistance.Exercise 3 Topic ResearchAfter listening to the dialogue, we know that culture differences may cause the anxiety or feelings of surprise, disorientation, uncertainty, confusion, etc., especially when in a foreign country. This kind of anxiety or feeling is called culture shock. Do you know how to cope with culture shock in order to enjoy a happy time in a foreign country? Try to research into this topic and present your ideas to the class.Reference for the PresentationCulture shock happens to those who leave home and live in an alien country. It is possible to shorten the duration of culture shock or minimize its impact. Here are three suggestions they offer to anyone planning a stay in a foreign land.Firstly, we should be aware that such a thing as culture shock exists. It will affect those who come to a foreign land for the first time, however, it doesn‟t last forever.Next, we should know that we are responsible for our salvation, not the surrounding or the foreign culture.Thirdly, try to accept the idea that culture shock is a very valuable experience, which may be a little bit painful. It will stretch your mind, broaden your perspectives, deepen your insight into yourself and widen your tolerance for other people.Additional ListeningIn this section, students will listen to a passage about Journey to the West and then do the exercises as required. Before listening, they are supposed to read the words, expressions and cultural notes related to the passage.TranscriptJourney to the W estWhat do you get when you combine a 16th century work of Chinese literature, a renowned Chinese theatre director and a British rock star?The result is Monkey: Journey to the West, a show which blends acrobatics, music, animation and martial arts to tell the story of Sun Wukong and his travelling companions on their journey of redemption.Performed in Mandarin to sell-out crowds in London‟s Theatre Royal last week, the show is a stage adaptation of the famous Chinese novel Journey to the West.“An unclassifiable extravaganza” was how The Guardian described the show, while another reviewer said it was a performance that “left no genre untouched and whose scale of ambition could only be marveled at.”Indeed, for director Chen Shi-zheng, bringing the wildly imaginative Chinese tale to a 21st century western audience was a creative challenge that allowed him and his team to mix together a wide range of influences.The score was composed by British musician Damon Albarn, lead singer of Blur and co-creator of the virtual cartoon band Gorillaz. It is played by an orchestra that uses both western instruments and the traditional Chinese pipa（琵琶）, guzheng（古筝）and zhongruan（中软）.Another aspect which makes this show stand out is the use of animation, which is projected onto a large screen behind the stage. Director Chen said “the integration of animation and sound was really a work of genius.”The Monkey King, as Sun Wukong is known in English, as well as Pigsy, Sandy and a host of other characters and monsters are brought to life by 40 acrobats from the Dalian circus troupe.Even though The Monkey King is less well-known outside North-East Asia, many British people fondly remember a cult 1970s TV series called Monkey.And this isn‟t the last British people will be seeing of The Monkey King this summer.Key to ExercisesExercise 1 Listening for DetailsStudents are asked to listen to the passage and choose the best answers to the questions.1) D2) C3) CExercise 2 Making a Sound JudgmentStudents are asked to listen to the passage again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).T 1) Journey to the West was written in the 1500s.F 2) There were lots of tickets left unsold for the performances in London.F 3) The show was in English.F 4) The show used only traditional Chinese instruments.T 5) Many people in the UK were already familiar with the character of Sun Wukong.Part III Oral PracticeIn this part, students will have 3 tasks to accomplish.Task 1 Group DiscussionStudents are asked to list all the body gestures that they can think of, and then discuss what each gesture means in a Chinese or foreign context. After the discussion, they can share with the whole class.SampleIn China, when people meet each other, they will shake hands with each other. However, men in Russia, France and Arab countries will kiss each other on the side face when they meet each other.The difference also exists in how to wave their hands. For American people, they will wave each other good bye. But South American will not leave if you wave goodbye to them, because in their culture, waving to other people means to call them to come closer.As for Chinese people, they have a special way to express the meaning of numbers, while there is nothing paralleled in western culture.Task 2 Picture DescriptionStudents are asked to describe the given pictures. The following sample is just for teachers’reference.SampleIn China, the dragon (long) is believed to be a sacred and beneficent animal. It ascends to the sky in the spring, bringing beneficial rains onto the dry earth. It is considered an auspic ious creature because it brings forth blessings, festivity, and happiness, benefiting everything on earth. The importance of the dragon to the Chinese people is indisputable.The Chinese dragon also symbolizes power and excellence, valiancy and boldness, heroism and perseverance, nobility and divinity. A dragon overcomes obstacles until success is his. He is energetic, decisive, optimistic, intelligent and ambitious.However, the dragons in the western culture are viewed as evil and aggressive monsters, which are usually large and ferocious fire-breathing creature in myths, legends, and fairy tales that green scaly skin, a long tail, and wings. It symbolizes destruction and evil in western people‟s mind.Although “long” and “dragon” are both the magical and mystical, mythological animals in Chinese and western culture, the background of history, the development of the society‟s well as the way of thinking, cause the differences between them. When the character “long” appears in the words and expressions, we always refer it to the analogical meanings, which are formed by the profound history of China.Task 3 Information SharingStudents are asked to read the idioms and saying in the Information Box, then work in groups to figure out their Chinese meanings.Try to find more examples and give a report to the whole class.Information BoxMore Idioms and Sayings。

Unit 13 Text A债务到期，表现出您的信用来吧[1] 弗兰克·卡普拉上个世纪中期所执导的假日电影经典《美妙人生》正在各个电视台热播。

片中乔治·贝利粗心大意的叔叔不知把一笔银行还款资金放在了何处，从而导致一家人有可能陷入举债的窘境。

看着走投无路的乔治冲着叔叔大喊大叫，您就尽情地偷着乐吧。

[2] “那笔钱在哪？“乔治大声质问道。

“你明不明白把钱弄丢了意味着什么？它意味着破产、丑闻、蹲监狱！”[3] 丑闻？蹲监狱？听起来多么新鲜啊！美国，这个负债累累的国家和负债累累的公司安全的避风港，如今也成为了负债累累的公民的避风港。

负债可是件非常酷的事儿。

[4] 如今，美国的消费者们每年都会卷入假日消费狂潮之中，从而使得自己债台高筑，美国人甚至给信用卡新取了一个爱称：“购物经费”。

[5] 不过，这笔购物经费现在也要失去控制了。

最近，美国银行家协会对1000名消费者做了一项调查，发现有三分之二的消费者没有制定过假日消费计划，即使这些人最后通常都不得不用大约六个月的时间来偿还度假所透支的借款。

而且这些人都还不是穷人。

此外，该项调查还发现，在这些透支信用卡的消费者中，44%的人年收入超过5万美元，而只有4%的人年收入不到1.5万美元。

[6] 美国消费者目前需分期偿还的债务大约为一万两千亿美元，与4年前相比上涨了大约50%。

信用卡持有者平均拥有4张卡以及4000美元的高利息债务。

尽管如此，一些放债人已开始把目标对准了那些最缺乏信用以及最一目了然的潜在借债人，称这些人为“次优贷款者”的借债者。

如今，美国的借贷犯罪案正不断攀升，个人破产数目也持续上升。

[7] 不过，这有什么可担心的？要知道，即使是破产也无法阻止人们从放债人手中借钱。

[8] 而曾经一度提倡储蓄和节俭的银行，如今也冷酷无情地大肆宣扬举债，或者应该说“信用”，这是放债人爱用的一个粉饰太平的词。

每年，几十亿份信用卡申请书挤满了美国人的邮箱，其中第一银行、美信银行、花旗集团和大通曼哈顿银行这几家银行的信用卡申请书加在一块就占总数的一半以上。

第一单元：Vocabulary Study：1. permanent2.had assembled3.discharging4.meekly5.apprentice6.partiality7.obscure8.exalted9.intruding 10cordially 11ambition 12.gallantlyCLOZE：BDCAB ADABB DBDAA CCDCB、Translation:1. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by .2. A Boeiay/Boeing 747 aircraft didn’t gain enough height to climb the mountain.In a twinking ,it crash into the mountain and blew up .No one survied in the accident.3. Student have easy access to the resource in the libracy. so they are supposed to make the best of it .4.Titanic,the most luxurious ship in the world at the time .hit an icebery when she was under the way to the USA.Consequently, the ship sank into Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.5.Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach ,they packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunshine.6.They have been to ST louis once and have a vague konwledge of its wonderful food ,but the day of their glory is over now ,they laspse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless lindneer approches.第二单元：Vocabulary Study1.advocated2.extravagant3.vulnerable4.guru5.potential6.dispel7.shunned8.acclaimed9.enthusiasts10.staveoff11.attendant 12.eventuredCLOZE: CBDAD CDBAC BBCCD ABCAC.Translation:1.Some cyber gurus claim that internet will prevent wars reduce pollution and combat various of inquality.2.Although ,internet can undeniable fosters communication, It will not put an end to wars . since wars are by no means cause by the failure of different people to understand each other adequately.3.The internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution ,only if doing things online replace real world activities.4.The poor are not shunning the internet because they cannot affort it the problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it efficiently, therefore, it make more sense to improve universal literacy than universal.5.Thanks to internet ,income inequality between people doing similar jods in different countries has been reduced. however, the inequality between information works in poor countries and their porrest compatroits has been increased.6.If human nature remains stablely changed ,desipte the claim of technologist predict ,humanity cannot simply incent away its failing.第三单元：Vocabulary Study1.sank2.clear3.rainfall4.drought5.Flowering6.loose7.pores8.graze9.spine 10.trapped 11.venture 12.fertile CLOSE: CBDAB DBCCA ACDAC CADABTranslation:1.Many studies indicate that the desert air is so dry that it contains any moisture.2.Although the children form age 5 to 16 must go to school in Britain according to the laws ,about 1% of the children still can not read when they have primary school.3.After heared the news ,I knew I fell vestless again within a fornight .4.We think unanimouly to answer the question ,we must look more closely at the faces.5.Thoughout the world, goverment at all levels are taking effectively measures to prevent environment pollution.6.Some people think that the objective items ,such as multiple choices, should be used for an examation, others donot agree, because they believe that this kind test has some bad effect on students leaning.第四单元Vocabulary Study1.Physical2.accumulation3.diversity4.precipitated5.muscular6.pathological7.symptomatic8.vigorous9.psychologically 10.Anxiety 11.restored 12.refreshedCLOSE: ACDCB BCCBD CDCBA ADCDBTranslation:1.I find that walking along the quiet lake can provide refreshment form a day is sedentary jod.2.Exercising and relexing youself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.3.The less active you are ,the faster aging process accelerates and the more vulnerable you became to physical and psychological problems.4.We are collecting money for repairs to the chur .if any of you would like to make a contribution ,we shall be most grateful.5.The scientist are currently focus on making experiment,in hope of finding effective methods to cure cancers. 5.The speach that the chairman delivered at the conferences made much sense to regain the confidence of empolyees.第五单元Vocabulary Study1.uniform2.distinguish/recognize3.ascertained4.recognized5.unique6.outlet7.tactile8.rigid9.secure 10.acquisition 11.fruitful 12.foundationCLOSE :ADBBA DDCBA CCADB DCABATranslation:1.Tt is generally accepted that the upbring of the childild with the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.2.Jennifer is the chief of personal for the NewYork Heracal Tribune ,where she is also responsible editcrical work in the fied of public relations .3. It was two years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister"s birthaday party ,they had been communited with each other by email since then the more Jeff know Rose ,the more he like her.4. The measure is effective not only in providing job opportunity for the laid-off works ,but also in limiting price increases.5Similarly , they inefficiency treated the political and economical back ground of the cinspiracy.6Tremendacs capital has met the needs of rapid economic growth on one hand and has caused the in flation on the other hand.第六单元Vocabulary Study1.As a matter of fact2.are plagued3.versus4.have ben reflecting on5.positive 6is implementing 7.will enroll 8.has been enriched 9.aspiration 10.academic 11.well-informed mitment toCLOSE:: BBACB BCAAD CBABD BBCCBTranslation:1.Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.2.The discovery of god in the valley will enrish the mountain area.3. Only when police confronted her with evidence ,did she admited that she had stolen the money.4. The meting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers.5. An offical statement laid to rest the remain fears aout possible redundancies in the industry.6.MARY IS pretty bright ,ASa matter of ,her teacher told me that she is certain to get a university place this year. 第七单元：Vocabulary Study1.downsized2.dynamic3.yield4.had guaranteed5.inflict6.budget7.priority8.accelerating9.shirk 10.vitally 11.jiopardize 12.criteriaCLOSE：CDBCA BCBBA DDABA BCCDCTranslation:1.Black people in this area complained to the goverment that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers.2.The goverment officers are inclined to apply the science and technology to short -term projects ,which isbenifical to scientific development.3.The precious manager did not want to invest time and money in training the employees who could leave the company any times,an a result of which ,there was a scrious talent drain.4.We are collecting money for repairs to the church ,if any of you would like to make a contribution ,we shall be most grateful .5.The scientist are currently focus on making expeiments,in hope of finding efctive methods to cure cancers.6.The speach that the chairman delivered at the conferences made much sense to regain the confidence of empolyees.第八单元Vocabulary Study1.acid2.shaded3.knock-on4.Drain5.banks6.spacing7.band8.needles9.filter 10.altitudes 11.variables anismCLOSE: CACDA BAACD DBDCB ACDABTranslation:1.Mexico city is one of the most popucated cities in the world.2.The finding shows that a substantial difference between the opinions of men and woman.3. I can’t r emember whether i left my credit card home or in the car .4.We cannot assume the suspects to be gulity simly because they are deliveed to remain silent.5.The main question that faces Chinese economists at present is how to use the price levers and the competition system to direct resources into areas which yield better returns.6.It is assumed in the next 20 years the most surprisiing development will take pace in the space flight ,but now space craft a being developed and they can be used many times instand of only one.第九单元：Vocabulary Study1applied 2repentance 3penetrated 4monkey-like 5contrast 6impressed 7passionate 8awakened 9succeeded 10blossoms 11expectant 12opportunityCLOSE: CDBAA DABCC DBCBC DABBATranslation:1.On those days and nights when I was waiting for the results of the Entrance Examination,my heart was filled with wonder(or uncertainty).Iwondered what the fouture held for me,of surprise and excitement or disappointment and sorrow.2.The little girl ran swiftly to catch up with her mother and stretched out her hand to her mother,crying for more candies and drinks.But the mother persisted that they had bought encough.3.His wife was sent into the operation room.He walked to and fro outside,smoking one cigarette after another.When he saw the door opened,he felt a thrill of tenseness.4.Under the gaze of his colleagues,he flushed with embarrassment and bowwed hi head.He casually took up a newspaper and hid hi face behind it,petending to be reading it.5.They fixed all their attention on the research project on hand.They believed that as long as they didn’t lose heart,they woule succeed in thesse experiments in time.6.She had just given birth to an infant when her husband left/deserted her.In despair,she shut herself and the infant in aroom,claiming that they would perish together.Thanks to the policemen who came in time,the mother and the daughter escaped death by a hair’s breath(or had a narrow escape).第十单元：Vocabulary Study：1.in his own right2.make good use of3.ready for4.went forth5.are looking forward to6.figure out7.assembled8.were dissolving9.withstand 10.controversy 11.an obstacle 12.resembleCLOSE：CABBD ADADA DDCCC BCADATranslation:1.we must figure out how to solve the tissue-rejecuion problem.2.his behavior under fire approved him a man of courage.3.In addition to the impressiveness of the settings,there is aue of the camera that at times seems magical.4.At first,no ready technical data were available,but we managed to go without.5.She has some difficulty in giving shape to her ideas.But she resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.6.The most part of their designs corresponds to actual needs and regulations on environmental demand,the other part needs reconsidering.第十一单元：Vocabulary Study：1.monarch2.throne3.ambassador4.preceded5.refined6.rival7.functions8.efficiency9.inspiration 10.spitting 11.grace 12.preserveCLOSE：ACDAB DCACB CCADC DBDADTranslation:1.The main concern of the people is that if China’s urban economy can not join international intercourse,our country will be in a disadvantageous situation in the world market.2.Smuggling operations not only disorder out markets,and evade custom duty,but also harm the survival and development of national industry.3.To promote the rapid development of economy the government is trying to restore public confidence in its management of the econmy.4.This popular theory must be discarded in the light of new findings for the benefit of the majority of the people.5.In order to protec t the environment,traditional farming methods are coming into use in many areas in Europe.6.Because of the time limit and the shortage of human resources,the firm has not yet managed to find new premises that are suitable for their purpose.第十二单元Vocabulary Study:1.proactive2.disseminate3.incentive4.leverage5.facilitate6.precedent7.demonstratedpensation9.justify 10.implement 11.initiative 12.preventiveCLOSE:ADBCA CAADD BBDAD DCCBCTranslation:1.Electronic communication tools facilitate information sharing by enabling people to send one another messages,files,data and images.2.The only way to differentiate yourself form the competition is through service.3.The less there is to justify atraditional custom,the harder it is to get rid of it.4.In high school,students should build on their prior knowledge,learning more-varied and more-sophisticated problem-solving techniques.5.You are not required to simply memorize information. You must be able to demonstrate that you can use that information and apply it in a practical way.6.A well-balanced life is necessary to live in today’sworle. Without a well-balanced life a person can neither function properly nor develop into a well-rounded individoual.第十三单元Vocabulary Study:1.circle2.unsolved3.watchers4.self-image5.counter-measures6.unconscious7.rapport8.flashed9.dominance 10.disinterest 11.undemonstrative 12.positionedCLOSE: CDBCC DADAB ABCCB DBDDATranslation:1.Planning so far ahead makes no sense.So many things will have changed by next year.2. The main problem that people are facing ing the 21st century is that the rapid increase of population is a heavy burden for developing countries.3.The key is that in regard to the modern scientific and technical books,especially textbooks,their authors should revise them at short intervals if they wish to keep pace with the times.4.The company has been accused of trying to seel their products under the guise of market research in order to get more profits since 1989.5.Tears are a natural form of expression.As they can convey a multitude of feelings,such as happiness,sadness,loneliness,fear,comfort,anger,or frustration,it provides ahealthy outlet for emotions.6.On one hand,the Government of China has has already made great efforts to mobilize people to improve the ecological environment in the light of local conditions. On the other hand,greater efforts should be made to further raise people’s awareness of the environment and spread knowledge about the environment.第十四单元Vocabulary Study:1.recognized2.credited3.features4.expertise5.considerable6.supervison7.flaw8.recruit9.twist 10.strain 11.devastate 12.budgetCLOSE: ABBDC CADCC BDABC ACADDTranslation:1.All the employees in the company are confident that before too long we will make a wise decision on this.2.Twenty years ago,because of his unemployment ,he couldn’tafford to buy a bicycle,let alone a car.3.Despite the fact there was almost no hope of finding the missing boy,the search party still went on looking.4.Unfortunately,George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this reward on his behalf.5.Currently,the individuals who might have caused the accident are under investigation.6.It was suggested that as the largest non-public high-tech industry in China,they should devote themselves to the development of their own products instead of simply assembling for foreign companies.。

Unit 9 Survival EnvironmentPart I Video TimeTask 1TranscriptBarack Obama: Energy and EnvironmentThe eyes of the world have always turned to this nation as the last bestowal of the earth. From the moment I take office as president, I will call together scientists and entrepreneurs; heads of industry and labor; Democrats, Republicans and Americans from all walks of life to help develop and deploy the next generation of energy that will allow us to build the next generation’s economy.The days of the debate about whether or not the globe is getting warmer are over. We know that global warming is real, that if we don’t do anything about global climate change, that we could see catastrophic results.Right now we could increase the fuel efficiency standard to our cars to 43 miles a gallon, if we increase our fuel efficiency to 43 miles a gallon, then we will import zero oil from the Middle East. That’s something that we could do right now.We take a national low-carbon fuel standard and increase fuel efficiency standards. We could take the equivalent of 50 million cars worth of pollution off the road by the year 2020. The question is not if a renewable energy economy will thrive in the future, it’s where. And if we want that place to be the United States of America, we can no longer afford to wait. You say 20% of our energy would come from new more sources like wind, like solar, like biomass, like tidal energy. And by setting those high standards, suddenly, you start to see more investment in these areas, technology improves and over the long run, you start to see significant changes. We’re just up to understand we get more obligations to the next generation, to make sure they’ve got a planet which is sustainable and admirable the same way we inherit the sustainable and admirable planet from our parents, and our grandparents. And I think young people, in particular, recognize the importance of this issue, and in the long day-to-day lives, they are trying to make sure they are carbon neutral, make sure they are not wasteful, and almost things add up.I want o ur children and our children’s children to point to this generation and this moment as the time when America found its way again. As the time when America overcame the division and the politics and the pettiness of an earlier era so that a new generation could come together and take on the most urgent challenge of this era. I am running for the presidency of the United States to lead us toward this new era.Exercise 1 Watching for Specific Information1) The eyes of the world have always turned to this nation as the last bestowal of the earth.2) We know that global warming is real, that if we don’t do anything about global climate change, that we could see catastrophic results.3) Right now we could increase the fuel efficiency standard of our car to 43 miles a gallon, if we increase the fuel efficiency to 43 miles a gallon, then we will import zero oil from the Middle East.4) You say 20% of our energy would come from new more sources like wind, like solar, likebiomass, like tidal energy.5) And by setting those high standards, suddenly, you start to see more investment in these areas, technology improves and over the long run, you start to see significant changes.6) And I think young people, in particular, recognize the importance of this issue, and in the long day-to-day lives, they are trying to make sure they are carbon neutral, make sure they are not wasteful, and almost things add up.Task 2TranscriptGlobal WarmingFor 2.5 million years, the earth climate has fluctuated, cycling from ice ages to warmer periods. But in the last century, the planet’s temperature has risen unusually fast—about 1.2 to 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Scientists believe it’s human’s activity that’s driving the temperatures up; a process known as global warming. Ever since the industrial revolution began, factories, power plants and eventually, cars, have burned fossil fuels such as oil and coal, releasing huge amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere. These green house gases trap heat near the earth through a naturally occurring process called the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect begins with the sun and the energy it radiates to the earth. The earth and the atmosphere absorb some of this energy, while the rest is radiated back into space. Naturally occurring gases in the atmosphere trap some of this energy and reflect it back, warming the earth. Scientists now believe that the greenhouse effect is being intensified by the extra greenhouse gases that humans have released. Evidence for global warming includes a recent string of very warm years. Scientists report that 1998 was the warmest year in measured history, with 2005 coming in second. Meanwhile, readings taken from ice cores show that the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane have hit their highest level in the past 420,000 years.Arctic sea ice is also shrinking. According to NASA studies, the extent of Arctic sea ice has declined about 10% in the last 30 years. As long as industrialized nations consume energy and developing countries increase their fossil fuel consumption, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will continue to rise. Researchers predict that temperatures will increase about 2 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit by the end of the century. What’s less certain is what rising temperatures mean for the planet. Some climate models predict subtle changes. Others forecast rising sea level which could flood coastal areas around the world. Weather patterns could change, making hurricanes more frequent. Severe droughts could become more common in warm areas and species unable to adapt to the changing conditions would face extinction.Although much remains to be learned about global warming, many organizations advocate cutting greenhouse gas emissions to reduce the impact of global warming. Consumers can help. By saving energy around the house, switching to compact fluorescent light bulb s and driving fewer miles in the car each week. These simple changes may help keep the earth cooler in the future.Exercise 1 Making a Sound JudgmentT 1) For 2.5 million years, the earth climate has fluctuated, cycling from ice ages to warmer periodsF 2) Ever since the industrial revolution began, factories, power plants and eventually, cars,have burned fossil fuels such as oil and coal, releasing huge amounts of carbon monoxide and other gases into the atmosphere.F 3) Scientists report that 1988 was the warmest year in measured history, with 2005 coming insecond.T 4) According to NASA studies, the extent of Arctic sea ice has declined about 10% in the last30 years.F 5) Researchers predict that the temperatures will increase about 2 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit bythe end of the next century.Part II Listening ActivitiesTask 1TapescriptCemetery Is Solar SourceCatalans are famous throughout Spain for their spirit of innovation. That ingenuity has recently been extended to the creation of what, the Associated Press reports, is the Barcelonan area’s largest solar energy plant. The solar panels have been installed on top of several mausoleums at a cemetery located in the suburb of Santa Coloma de Gramanet. It is one of a few open sunny places in the crowded city of more than 120,000 where space can be at a premium.“The project includes the installation of 462 solar panels over an area of 700 square meters that generate 202 kilowatts of power. To put it in colloquial terms, this amounts to the amount of electricity that 60 families consume in a year.”The city has several other solar parks which have mostly been installed on top of the buildings, but the cemetery is by far the largest. That does not seem to worry Juan Arroyo Garcia who is a regular visitor to the cemetery.“When I learned from the media that they were going to install solar panels in the cemetery, I thought that it wasn’t a bad idea at all. It doesn’t spoil the landscape. On the o ther hand, they don’t disturb our private grief when we visit our deceased loved ones, and on the top of that all, we are talking about clean energy. I fully support this.”Garcia’s reaction reflects the community-wide support for the project even though there were some initial concerns.“The first reaction from the public was one of surprise. They didn’t understand why we put solar panels in the cemetery. They asked if they were built to light their homes. So when we explained to them why the panels were put there, they understood and thought that was a very good idea.”Row after row of solar panels now cover the tops of the mausoleums. They soak up the maximum amount of the sunshine as the panels almost face south.They are also tilted at a low angle, making them unobtrusive.“When I got here, I was really surprised, mainly because I hadn’t been here for a long time. I thought to myself, look at that—now they’ll be able to watch television and to get heating during the winter time. But when I learned about this initiative, then I thought it was a very good idea, because the energy generated here will provide electricity to many families. It is ingenious.”According to the Associated Press, the project helps reduce the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by 62 tons each year. Authorities now hope to install solar plants in most cemeteries in Catalonia as well as elsewhere in Spain.Exercise 1 Listening for Details1) The cemetery is one of a few open sunny places in the crowded city of more than 120,000where space can be at a premium.2) The project includes the installation of 462 solar panels over an area of 700 square meters thatgenerate 202 kilowatts of power.3) The city has several other solar parks which have mostly been installed on top of the buildings,but the cemetery is by far the largest.Exercise 2 Listening for Specific Information1) What are Catalans famous for throughout Spain?The spirit of innovation.2) Where are these solar panels put?On the tops of the mausoleums.3) Which direction do these solar panels face?South.4) According to the Associated Press, how many tons of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be reduced each year?62 tons.Task 2TapescriptCutting the Greenhouse GasesUnidentified CNN Correspondent:It’s another Republican revolt. This time the battle is on global warming. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and N ew York’s Mayor Michael Bloomberg have joined forces on the front lines.California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger: Y ou can see a perfect example of how much he’s getting done in New York, of how much we get done here in California, and how little is getting done in Washington. It is unbelievable. They are frozen.Unidentified CNN Correspondent:That slap at the federal government came while the pair toured a plant that makes alternative energy, namely hydrogen power. There, Bloomberg announced a plan to cut carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in New York City, while Schwarzenegger reminded the media he’s about to sign a bill which will cut California emissions of harmful gases 25 percent by the year 2020. Schwarzenegger is running for reelection thi s year, and it’s up to him, say California political watchers, to distance himself from President Bush, who is unpopular in this state. Many voters still remember that Schwarzenegger campaigned for President Bush in the last presidential race. They may also remember his 2003 campaign for governor, driving around in a Hummer, a gas-guzzler compared to most vehicles. The Governor’s Office says Schwarzenegger still owns four Hummers, but has not used them much since taking office. He’s often driven around by s tatevehicles. So will this new campaign help Arnold’s image?Unidentified Expert Analyst: Well, I mean, clearly California is our largest state. It’s the sixth or seventh largest economy in the world. New York is our largest city; it’s the financial capit al of the world. The symbolic effect of the two of them getting together and saying this is a real issue and we’re going to show some leadership because Washington isn’t…Unidentified CNN Correspondent: Administration officials say the White House is addressing global warming through increased research and incentives to businesses to cut emissions. Exercise 1 Listening for Specific Information1) B 2) C 3) DExercise 2 Listening for Details1) It’s another Republican revolt. This time the battle is on global warming.2) Schwarzenegger is running for reelection this year, and it’s up to him, say California politicalwatchers, to distance him from President Bush, who is unpopular in this state.3) They may also remember his 2003 campaign for governor, driving around in a Hummer, agas-guzzler compared to most vehicles.4) Administration officials say the White House is addressing global warming through increasedresearch and incentives to businesses to cut emissions.Additional ListeningFrom the Toilet to the TapCNN’s Kara Finnstrom reports on Orange County, California’s latest source for water.Clean, clear water, it is in short supply here in Orange County, so any new source, like this one, is warmly welcomed. That is, if you can get password where this water comes from.That’s right—what’s now destined to become Orange County’s drinking water started out as sewer water, brown wastewater from toilets, dishwashers, bathtubs, you name it.“We’ve explained from the beginning, this is actually sewer wa ter that’s been treated by the sanitation district and then purified even more by us, till it’s really uh, almost distilled water.”To do that, Orange County launched a first of its kind facility, a nearly half billion dollar reclamation plant that can turn 70 million gallons of treated sewage into drinking water every day.“It’s gonna become a model for the entire world, uh, Singapore has already built a smaller version of our exact plant, and there are several others around the United States that are being planned.”The plant runs sewage that would have been discharged to the sea through a three-step purification process. First, it heads through micro-filters to sift out solid matter.“Any solid particle, larger than, 1/300th the size of a human hair would remain on the outside.”Then it runs through another filter to remove any viruses or pharmaceuticals. And, finally, the water gets a purging bake in high intensity light—breaking down anything that’s left. The result?“Yeah, it tastes.”“H ow does i t taste?”“It tastes like distilled water.”“How long ago was that s ewage?”“Probably about two days ago.”Soon, water officials won’t be the only ones tasting it. This water will now mix with groundwater and should run out of Orange County taps in as little as six months. The water must meet safety standards. One environmental group has reservations about what they call the limits of such tests.“It brings up concerns of what we’re looking for, what we’re not looking for, and what we don’t know”. While there is no doubt Southern California needs more water, some say this is a little hard to swallow. “Even though, I know that they’ve uh, filtered it 3 times, it’s just, just kind of creepy.”But many say the benefits just may outweigh the creepiness. “I think it’s about time we recycled everything.”That’s due, in part, to a massive campaign touting the benefits of less discharge to the sea, and more water for a thirsty Orange County.Kara Finnstrom for CNN, Orange County.Exercise 1 Listening for Specific Information1) C2) B3) C。