“介词+关系词”结构用法
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语法指津Y U F A Z H I J I N
在定语从句中,我们经常见到“介词+关系词”结构,它体现了定语从句与前面所修饰的先行词之间的紧密关系。
正确使用“介词+关系词”结构,关键是要确定其中的介词。
归纳起来,有以下几种方法:
一、根据与定语从句中动词的搭配来确定介词。
如:
It was in1952and Mandela w as the black law-y er to w hom I went for advice.
当时是在1952年,曼德拉是位黑人律师,我到他那里征求意见。
(注意相关搭配go to sb“到某人那里去”)In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上,没有一个她可以向之求助的人。
(注意相关搭配turn to sb for help“向某人求助”)注意,有些固定短语动词如listen to,look at,look after,depend on,look for,take care of,通常不宜将它们拆开使用,如:
The boy(whom)my sister is looking after is g etting better.
不能说成:The bo y after whom my sister is looking is getting better.
二、根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定介词。
如:
He w as generous with his time,for w hich I w as grateful.
他在时间方面很慷慨,对此我非常感激。
(注意相关搭配be grateful for“对……感激”)
He referred me to some reference books w ith w hich I am not very familiar.
他要我去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书。
(注意相关搭配be familiar with“对……很熟悉”)
对于这种搭配,我们应该多记一些相关的结构,如be interested in,be famous for,be pleased with, be satisfied w ith,be popular w ith,be goo d at,be proud of等等。
三、根据与先行词的搭配来确定介词。
如:
The room in which there are a few machines is a workshop.
有几台机器的房间是个车间。
(注意相关搭配in the room)
This is our classroom,in the front of w hich there is a teacher’s desk.
这是我们的教室,前面是老师的讲台。
(注意相关搭配in the front of our classro om)
I’ll never forget the day on w hich she said go odbye to me.
我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天。
(注意相关搭配on the day)
四、根据句意来确定介词的使用。
如:
Loo k at the building over w hich is flying a red flag.It’s where I w ork.
看那栋上面飘着红旗的房子,这就是我上班的地方。
(由于句中含有“在房子的上面飘着红旗”的意思,
“介词+关系词”结构用法
⊙新洲一中周兴旺
数学之父——塞乐斯
语法指津
Y U F A Z H I J I N
所以用介词over)
This is the book from w hich I got the story.
这就是那本书,从中我读到这个故事。
(由于句子含有“从……”的意思,所以用介词from)
This I did at nine o’clock,after which I sat reading the paper.
九点钟时我做这事,之后我坐着看报。
(由于句意含有“在……之后”的意思,所以用介词after)
五、根据句中的习惯表达来确定介词。
如:
There were tw o possessions of James Dilling-ham Youngs in w hich they both took great pride.
詹姆斯德林汉姆扬夫妇拥有两样他们俩特别感到自豪的东西。
(相关的习惯表达take pride in“对……感到自豪”)
Mary is the only girl with w hom he has ever been in love.
玛丽是他唯一爱过的女孩。
(相关的习惯表达be in love with sb“爱上某人”)
六、根据定语从句与先行词之间的关系,如所属关系,部分关系,同位关系,构成...of whic h/w hom 结构。
如:
The room the door of w hich(=whose door)is blue belongs to me.
门是蓝色的那间房是我的。
(the doo r和the room是一种所属的关系)
H e has read lots of books,some of which are English ones.
他读过许多书,其中一些是英语书。
(some of which与lots of books是一种部分关系)
Bo th players,neither of w hom reached the fi-nal,play ed well.
两个运动员都没有进入决赛,但都表现的很好。
(neither of w hom与both players是同位关系)
当然,我们在英语中常常见到的“介词+关系词”结构是“介词+which/w hom”,但有时我们也可见到from w here的用法,这时因为from是一个比较特殊的介词,因为它有时可以后接介词短语作宾语。
如:Co me out from behind the door.
从门后面出来。
所以,尽管关系副词where在意义上相当于“介词+w hich”,有时由于语义的需要,也可在where之前使用介词from。
如:
I have boug ht that house,where I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.
我买下了那栋房子,在房子里可以欣赏到杨浦大桥的美景。
还有in which case,by w hich time,“in whose+名词”这样的一些结构引导非限制性定语从语,相当于and in that/this case,by that time,in his/her...+名词。
如:
I may have to w ork late,in w hich case I’ll telephone.
我可能得晚点下班,那样我会打电话的。
Tom is the manager in whose department my brother w orks.
汤姆是我哥哥工作所在部门的经理。
1.Don’t forget the day you w ere ac-cepted as a League member.
A.w hich
B.in w hich
C.on which
D.w here
2.The accident happened on the spot,
there was no one nearby.
A.at w hich
B.in w hich
C.for which
D.on w hich
3.In the library,there is a desk,
you can read.
A.on w hich
B.at which
C.on which
D.from which
4.The stories about the famous athlete,
this is one example,are well written.
A.of w hich
B.in w hich
C.about which
D.on w hich
5.Tom is a man of great knowledge,
much can be learned.
A.in whom
B.about whom
C.of whom
D.from
whom
1~5
CDBAD
几何之父——欧几里得。