（完整版）介词加关系代词定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点,近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.
This is the student for whom I bought the book.
考点1简单介词+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的不变搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。
（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。例如：Is this the carfor whichyou paid a high price? (pay for)
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single personto whomshe could turn for help. (turn to sb forhelp)
The manwith whomyou shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb)（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。例如：The two thingsabout whichKarl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.(be sure about)
The teacherof whomthe students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fondof)
（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的
联系。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充任时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where, why替换。例如：
I”ll never forget the dayon which(=when) I joined the army.
The factoryin which(=where) his father works is far away from my hometown.
I don”t know the reason f or which (=why) he was late.
（4）根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由不变的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用例外的介词。例如：This is the pilotfor whomI bought a camera.
This is the pilotwith whommy brother has worked for ten years.
This is the pilotby whommy son was saved.
1.(2004全国
卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_ ______thesailing time was 226 days.
A. of which
B. during which
C. from which
D. for which
解析：关系代词which指代the journey,定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：The sailing time of thejourney was 226 days.故答案选A。
2. (2004全国卷) T he English play _______ my students acted at the New Year“s party was a greatsuccess.
A. for which
B. at which
C. in which
D. on which
解析：本句主句部分应是The English play at the New Year“s party was a great success.从句补全为独立的句子是:My students
acted in the play.故答案选C。
3. (2004上海卷) American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they cantalk frequently.
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom
解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。
考点2繁复介词+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,whose。常用于该结构的繁复介词有：
asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infro ntof,incaseof,onaccou nt of等。例如：
We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.
Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided?
考点3简单介词+关系代词+名词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which, whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。高考考例：
(1995上
海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.______ _timemanypeople have gone home.
A. whose
B. that
C. on which
D. by which
解析：介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经
回家了”。故答案选D。
考点4the+名词+of+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose +名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词”。高考考例：
(2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose解析：答案选B。本题就是一个考查the+名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里theprice of which指代the price of the vase,答案也可以是whose price。
考点5表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词
知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语多见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any,数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few,several, enough, half a, a quarter。高考考例：
1. (2004湖北卷) There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the largerB. the larger of themC. the larger one thatD. the larger of which 解析：答案为D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。
2. (2004辽宁卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ aresold abroad.
A. of which
B. which of
C. of them
D. of that
解析：答案为A。80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。
“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句多见错误
我们在学习定语从句时,常常会看到“介词+关系代词“引导的定
语从句,即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时,常常会出现五类错误.现在归纳如下：
一、关系词的误用
1. The person to who you should write is Mr Hall. (whom)
2. I lost the book in that there are five color pictures. (which)
3. The day on when we can send men into space has at last come. (which)
4. He went back to the house in where he was born twenty years ago. (which)
简析:当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后大凡用关系代词whom(指人,如1不可为who所代替)或which(指物,如2.先行词即使为表示时间或地点的名词,介词后也不能用when或where,如3和4).不过,注意介词from有时根据句意的需要,也可以接where.如:
He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of something on thedesk.他躲在门后面,从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西一下.(指frombehindthedoor“从门后面“,并非指from the door“从门“)
二、拆开从句中极不变的动词搭配
5. He was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years. (whom the woman hadlooked after for many years) 简析:若将定语从句中搭配极为不变的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语可能会失去它们本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如look after, look for, depend on, go in for (迷恋)等短语.
三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配不当
6. The farm in which we worked ten ye ars ago isn“t what it used to be. (on)
7. She wanted to find the way with which she could make everyone live more happily. (in)简析:6. on the farm为习惯搭配,表示“在农场“;7. in与way搭配,表示“用……办法,以……方式“.
四、介词与定语从句中的谓语部分搭配不当
8. In the dark street, there wasn“t a single pers on from whom she could turn for help. (to)
9. This is the tree in which the boat was tied. (to)
10. Can you find an object with which your toy is similar? (to)
简析:8.turntosb.forhelp表示“向某人求助“;9.tie与to连用,表示“拴/系到……上“;10.similar与to搭配,表示“与……相似“.
五、介词与句子的详尽含义搭配不当
11. I can“t remember the age in which I won that prize. (at)
12. That is the age at which people live in peace and happy. (in)
简析:根据全句意义,11中的age作“年岁“解,应与at搭配;12中的age表示“时期,时代“,应与in搭配.
练习：
用合适的“介词+关系代词”填空。
1. We have many labs, the largest __________ was built last year.
2. The strange force is gravity __________ the earth pulls all bodies.
3. The English play __________ my students acted at the New Year”s party was
a great success.4. He offered us a lot of money __________ we couldn”t buy these machines.
5. Now we have very powerful telescopes __________ we can study the skies.
1. I don’t think the number of people ____ this happens is very large.
A. whom
B. to whom
C. on whom
D. which
2. The school has 3,000 students, _____ 1,800 are men.
A. whose
B. of whom
C. that
D. of which
3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______ was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
4. The gentleman ______ you told me yesterday proved to be
a thief.
A. who
B. about whom
C. whom
D. with whom
5. She wrote a lot of stories for children, _____ this is one example.
A. in which
B. of which
C. among them
D. of them
6. He offered us a lot of money _____ we couldn’t buy these machines.
A. without which
B. with that
C. with which
D. without that
7. Mary, ____ for help, has gone to England.
A. who I can go to
B. whom I can go
C. to whom I can go
D. I can go to
8. Now we have very powerful telescopes _____ we can study the skies.
A. in which
B. with which
C. through which
D. by which
9. The man ______ she was married was a soldier.
A. whom
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. who
10. Tom, ____ I went to the concert, is a friend of mine.
A. whom
B. who
C. with whom
D. whose
1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _______ is a hospital.
A. in where
B. to the east of which
C. to the east of it
D. in the east of that
2. My brother“s purse, _______ he put￥1,000, was missing on the bus.
A. there
B. which
C. in which
D. that
3. The football match _______ the students competed yesterday was very wonderful.
A. in which
B. which
C. in that
D. that
4. The reason _______ he was late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour.A. which B. in which C. for which D. of which
5. His glasses, _______ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy.
A. which
B. without which
C. with which
D. without those
6. The computer, _______ he paid￥3,000, was once owned by his uncle.
A. which
B. for which
C. that
D. to that
7. In the past we lost many chances, _______ we paid little attention.
A. which
B. that
C. in which
D. to which
8. The pen, _______ I had been writing for ten years, was broken.
A. with which
B. with that
C. as
D. with it
9. Mary has two brothers, ________ are doctors.
A. both of they
B. both of whom
C. both of them
D. whom of both
10. The problem _______ you argued about yesterday has been solved.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. for which
11. My aunt bought me a book, the name _______ I have forgotten..
A. of it
B. which
C. whose
D. of which
12. On the way home I met my friend John, from _______ home the thief had stolen a computer.A. whomB. whichC. thatD. whose
13. I hate the way _______ you talk to your mother.
A. by which
B. on which
C. in which
D. which
14. At last we found the hole in the wall _______ the mouse
got into the house last night.A. in whichB. whichC. through whichD. by which
15. There are three girls in the room, ________ is Tom“s sister.
A. the tallest of which
B. the tallest of whom
C. tallest of that
D. tallest of which
16. I“ll never forget the day _______ I bought my own guitar with my own money.
A. where
B. on which
C. on when
D. that
17. She is just the girl, with _______ my brother came to visit me last month.
A. whom
B. her
C. that
D. who
18. Last night we saw two movies, _______ was interesting.
A. both of which
B. neither of which
C. both of them
D. neither of them
19. This is the house in _______ I was born thirty years ago.
A. it
B. there
C. which
D. that
20. The reason for _______ he failed in the exam was that he
was too careless.
A. which
B. why
C. that
D. it
介词+关系词怎么用？介词加关系词分别等于什么？ 答：一、“介词＋关系代词”的用法 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。例如： Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office? Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week? ●使用“介词＋关系代词”要注意以下几点： (一)选用介词的依据： (1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。例如： Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. (2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。例如： The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist. (3) 根据句子的意思来选择。例如： The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside. (4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。例如： I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer. (二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。例如： The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误) (三)“of which / whom”有时可以用“whose＋名词”结构来改写。例如： The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.
（完整版）介词加关系代词定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点,近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。 在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai. This is the student for whom I bought the book. 考点1简单介词+关系代词 知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的不变搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。 （1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。例如：Is this the carfor whichyou paid a high price? (pay for) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single personto whomshe could turn for help. (turn to sb forhelp) The manwith whomyou shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb)（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。例如：The two thingsabout whichKarl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.(be sure about) The teacherof whomthe students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fondof) （3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句要注意以下几点： 1．“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）和whom （指人），即：介词+which/whom。不能用that 和who。 .This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot. 这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。 Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live. 我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。 2．有时介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that （指人），也可以省略。 . The situation (which/that ) we had got into was very dangerous. 我们当时的处境很危险。 The man (whom/who/that) you were talking to just now is my English teacher. 你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。 3．当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分割时，那么动词短语中的介词不能前置。 .This is the pen which I’m looking for. 这是我正在找的那支钢笔。 不能写成：This is the pen for which I’m looking. 4．定语从句也可由“名词/代词/数词+介词+which/whom”引出。 . That old man has two sons, one of whom is a doctor. 那个老人有两个儿子，其中一个是医生。 The house, the windows of which ( = whose windows = of which the windows) were damaged, has now been repaired. 窗子遭破坏的那栋房子现在已经修好了。 5．引导定语从句的关系副词(when, where, why) 可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。 .I’ll never forget the day when I joined the party. (when= on which). 我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。 The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. (where = in which). 父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。 None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which). 我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。
定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法 定语从句是指用来修饰名词或代词的从句，在英语语法中有丰富多样的用法。 其中，当介词与关系代词相结合时，就构成了定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法。在这种结构中，介词在定语从句中起到特定的作用，而关系代词则在从句中充当连接词。 常用的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that。介词在定语从句中主要有 以下几种情况的用法。 1. 介词+关系代词在从句中作宾语时，介词可以放在关系代词之前或之后。例如： - The book which I am looking for is on the table. - The book for which I am looking is on the table. 2. 介词+关系代词在从句中作宾语时，如果介词是短语动词的一部分，介词只 能放在关系代词之后。例如： - That is the man whom I am talking about. - That is the man about whom I am talking. 3. 介词+关系代词在从句中作定语时，关系代词的选择要根据介词的要求而定。例如： - The book on which I am working is very challenging. - The house in which she lives is beautiful. 4. 当关系代词是物格形式（whom），介词可以前置到关系代词之前。例如： - The person to whom I gave the book is my friend. - The person whom I gave the book to is my friend.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 ●“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。如： 1) Do you know the girl to whom our teacher was talking? = Do you know the girl (that/who/whom) our teacher was talking to? 2) The school (that/which) my brother once studied in is very famous. = The school in which my brother once studied is very famous. ●要确定关系代词前用什么介词，可以根据：（1）定语从句中动词和什么介词搭配（2）先行词常和什么介词搭配。如：My mother missed her best friend with whom she worked in her youth. The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. ●listen to, depend on, pay attention to, take care of,
look for, look after, look at等固定短语，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。如： This is the old lady whom Harold has taken care of. ●“介词+关系代词”前有some，any，none，neither，both，all，most，each，few等代词或者数词时，可构成由“名词（代词、数词）+ of + which / whom”来引导的定语从句。如： There are thirty students in our class in all, most of whom are from villages. 现在，我们再来看一看这几道高考题。 1. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007 重庆卷) A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 2. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering. (2005 天津卷) A. that B. whose C. those D. what 3. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run
“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。 在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which 和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如： This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai. This is the student for whom I bought the book. 考点 1 简单介词+关系代词 知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。 (1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。例如：Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for) In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help) The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb) (2)根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about) The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of) (3)根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where, why 替换。例如： I”ll never forget the day on which (=when) I joined the army. The factory in which (=where) his father works is far away from my hometown. I don”t know the reason for which (=why) he was late. (4)根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。例如：This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera. This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years. This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. 1.(2004 全国卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ____________ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 解析：关系代词which 指代the journey, 定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.故答案选A。 2.(2004 全国卷) The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 解析：本句主句部分应是The English play at the New Year's party was a great success.从句补全为独立的句子是:My students acted in the play. 故答案选C。
由介词 + which / whom引导的定语从句 例句： 1) Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music 2) They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someone’s house is the first step to fame. 3) Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. 4) The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. 5) However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. 6) They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如： The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher. =The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. 一、基本构成 1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。 （1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. （2）The city in which she lives is far away. （3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons. 注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 2.关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中
“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如： The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher。 =The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. 一、基本构成 1.“介词+关系代词"结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which(指物）或whom（指人），即：介词+which/whom。 （1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. （2）The city in which she lives is far away. （3)The little girl is reading a book，in which there are many cartoons. 注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物）；that/who/whom （指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如： （1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher. （2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away. 注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分,介词只能放在动词后,如: look for， look after， pay attention to ，take care of ， look forward to, listen to等。 This is the pen that / which you are looking for。 The patient whom she is looking after is her father。 The words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard. There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of. 练习：Are these sentences right? （1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (2) The man(who/that） you talked with is my friend. (3） The man with who/that you talked is my friend. (4) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable。 （5) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable.
(完整版)定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法 “介词+关系词”的用法 1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which 或whom。 如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. →The school in which he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. →Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. →We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。 关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which 如：I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. 注意： 1). 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of 等 如：This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (√)This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2). 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 如：The man with whom you talked is my friend. (√)The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
语法 由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置 关系代词whom，which，whose在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that，who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。例如： He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.=He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那里能学到很多。 The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school (which/that) he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。 The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。 2. 介词+关系代词的常见结构 (1) 介词+which/whom 例如： This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。 Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如果没有的话，我们就会迷路了。 (2) 名词+of+which/whom 例如： Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue.请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（=whose cover） (3) 数词+of+which/whom
由“介词+which / whom”引导的定语从句 一、关系代词的选择 先行词是物时，用“介词+which”;是人时，用“介词+whom”。 He bought a beautiful house on which he spent all his money.他花掉了所有的积蓄买了一套漂亮的房子。 The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. 昨天你告诉了我关位那个绅士的事，这位绅士原来是个贼。 二、介词的选择 1. 根据先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们之间存在一定的联系。 This is the way in which we worked out the problem. 这就是我们做出那道题的方法。（先行词way意为“方法”，和介词in连用。） 2.根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成be 动词之后的表语。 Two things about which he was ont sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)他没有把握的两件事是语法和一些习惯用法。 3.根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。 T he man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.(shake hands with sb)刚才和你握手的那个人是我的英语老师。 4.根据句子的意思确定介词。关系代词前的介词和从句的动词无搭配关系，只能根据上下文取其意义，再决定介词。 This is the pilot for whom i bought a camera.这就是我给他买相机的那位飞行员。 5.表示所属关系时，介词应用of, 关系代词which/whom，即，“the+n.+of+which/whom”。表示“整体中的一部分”。另外，“不定代词或数词+of+which/whom”也可引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，说明整体的部分。 The Greens have two daughters, both of whom are college students. China has many rivers, the longest of which is the Yangtze River. 三、关系代词的替换 1.某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因的状语的“介词+关系词”可以同关系副词when, where, why替换。 I’ll never forget the day on which (=when) I joined the army. The factory in which(=where) his father works is far away from my hometown. I don’t know the reason for which (=why) he was late for school. 2.“the + n. + of which”/ “of which+the + n.”可转换成“whose +n.”或“of which”. He lives in a room, the window of which (whose window) faces west. The building is a hotel, of which the roof we can see from here.= The building whose roof we can see from here is hotel.
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句（一） “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。 一．介词选择的主要标准 1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配 Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。( to a degree ) The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。( tell sb. about sb./ sth. ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。( in the play ) The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。( be trained for the job ) 2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配 Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？ ( shake hands with sb. ) Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。(suffer from sth. )
“介词+ which / whom ”引导的定语从句 1. 介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词 与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出介词+关系代词”句型。 2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代 词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系畐U词有 where, when, why 等。 3. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 一、基本构成 1. 介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系 代词只能用which (指物)或 whom(指人)，即：介词 +which/whom 。 (1)The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. (2)The city in which she lives is far away. (3)The little girl is reading a book ,in which there are many cartoons. 注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 2. 在定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物); that/who/whom (指人)作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略。如： (1)The man (who/whom /that ) you spoke to is a teacher. (2)The city (which/that ) she lives in is far away. 注:通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭 配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，女口： look for, look after, pay atte ntion to ,take care of , look forward to, liste n to 等。 This is the pen (that / which) you are look ing for. The patient ( who/whom /that ) she is looking after is her father. The words( that /which) we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard. There are fifty patients (who/whom/that )we must take good care of. 练习： Are these sentences right?
“介词+关系代词 ”引导的定语从句讲解 首先，我们要判断关系 代词，如果先行词是人，关系代词应用 whom 或 whose ； 如果先行词是物，关系代词为 which 。其次，选择正确的介词。介词的选择可归 纳以下四点： A •根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配。如 ： 1．The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _____ t hey are being trained. （2005 江西卷） A ．in that B ．for that _____ C ．in which D ．for which 解析：正确答案为D 。先行词是jobs ，从句部分还原即“ they are being trained for the jobs ” be trai ned for 是固定短语，意思是“为…而培训”。 2. ______________________________________________________ American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____________ they can talk frequently. （2004 上海卷） A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 解析：正确答案为D 。talk with somebody 是固定搭配。 B. 由先行词来决定。如： 3. ________________________ M any people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes people were eaten by the tiger.（2005 广东卷） A. in which B. by which C. which 些情景中” 4. _______________ The place the bridge is supposed to be built cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which 解析：正确答案为C 。第一空为定语从句，先行词是 place,表示桥在什么地方 建介词用at ;第二空为表语从句，表示地点，所以用连接词 whereo 5. The English play ___ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. （2004 全国卷） A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 解析：正确答案为C o 先行词是play ，通过拆分我们可以得 My students acted in the English play at the New Year's party 。 C. 表示所属关系，部分与整体的关系或表示全部时 ，介词应用of 。当表示部分 与整体的关系或表示全部时和 of which/of whom 连用的主要是含有数量意义的 不定代词，名词，数词以及形容词最高级。 如： 6. It is reported that two schools, __________ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. （2007四川卷 ） A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which 解析：正确答案为 D 。 both of which 表示全部，即 two schools 。 7. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% are sold abroad. （2004 辽宁卷） A . of which B . which of C . of them D . of that D. that 解析：正确答案为A 。先行词scene 搭配的介词是 in ， in the scenes 在这 should be ____ （2005江苏卷） the