常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)章节题库-第二十章至第二十三章【圣才出品】

第20章二战后诗歌·20世纪40年代的诗人Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.The publication of Robert Lowell’s Life Studies marked the coming of the age of _____,which represents a new mode of perception and a way of writing.【答案】Postmodernism【解析】罗伯特·洛威尔（Robert Lowell）《人生探索》（Life Studies）是一部里程碑式的诗集，它的发表标志着后现代主义（Postmodernism）时代的到来。

Ⅱ.Multiple ChoiceOf the following poets,who is NOT remembered as a confessional poet?A.Anne SextonB.Sylvia PlathC.Robert LowellD.Elizabeth Bishop【答案】D【解析】伊丽莎白·毕肖普属于20世纪40年代的诗人，她不是自白派诗人。

Ⅲ.Essay questions1.Write a short essay(in no more than200words)about the basic features of Postmodernism.[上海交大2007研]Key:Postmodernism is a disputed term that has occupied much recent debate about contemporary culture since the early1980s.As applied to literature and other arts,the term is notoriously ambiguous,implying either that modernism has been superseded or that it has continued into a new phase.Postmodernism may be seen as a continuation of modernism’s alienated mood and disorienting techniques and at the same time as an abandonment of its determined quest for artistic coherence in a fragmented world:in very crude terms,where a modernist artist or writer would try to wrest a meaning from the world through myth, symbol,or formal complexity,the postmodernist greets the absurd or meaningless confusion of contemporary existence with a certain numbed or flippant indifference,favoring self-consciously“depthless”works of fabulation, pastiche,bricolage,or aleatory disconnection.The term cannot usefully serve as an inclusive description of all literature since the1950s or1960s,but is applied selectively to those works that display most evidently the moods and formal disconnections described above.Opinion is still divided,however,on the value of the term and of the phenomenon it purports to describe.2.What characterizes Elizabeth Bishop’s observation of the external world and how does she apply such observations to the internal and external experiences? With her style in mind,explicate“The Fish.”Does the grotesqueness of the poem mean the same as it does in Anderson or Flannery O’Connor?Key:Bishop observes the external world and relates her observations to herinternal and external experiences.But she does so with such detachment that the external world seems to exist as a separate entity.“The Fish”is Bishop’s best-known poem.The speaker captures a fish,and when she examines it closely, she notices the external ugliness and decay and reflects on the beautiful entrails with their“dramatic reds and blacks.”The interaction of nature with the things humans do is the constant subject of Bishop’s poetry.Such interaction,however,is seen in its grotesqueness.So,we can say that this grotesqueness is different from that in Anderson’s or Flannery O’Connor’s works.第21章自白派·垮掉的一代Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.In the1950s,there was a widespread discontentment among the postwar generation,whose voice was one of protest against all the mainstream culture that America had come to represent.This generation was known as the_____ generation.[天津外国语学院2009研]【答案】beat【解析】垮掉的一代：第二次世界大战后风行于美国的文学流派。

该流派的作家都是性格粗犷豪放、落拓不羁的男女青年，他们生活简单、不修边幅，喜穿奇装异服，厌弃工作和学业，拒绝承担任何社会义务，以浪迹天涯为乐，反对一切世俗陈规和垄断资本统治，抵制对外侵略和种族隔离，讨厌机器文明，他们永远寻求新的刺激，寻求绝对自由，纵欲、吸毒、沉沦，以此向体面的传统价值标准进行挑战，因此被称作垮掉的一代。

代表作家有金斯堡及其作品《嚎叫》。

2.Author_____Title_____.[南京大学2009研]What thoughts I have of you tonight,Walt Whitman,for I walked down the sidestreets under the trees with a headache self-conscious looking at the full moon.【答案】Allen Ginsberg;A Supermarket in California【解析】题目选自金斯堡的A Supermarket in California。

3.The publication of Robert Lowell’s Life Studies marked the coming of the age of _____,which represents a new mode of perception and a way of writing.【答案】Postmodernism【解析】罗伯特·洛威尔（Robert Lowell）《人生探索》（Life Studies）是一部里程碑式的诗集，它的发表标志着后现代主义（Postmodernism）时代的到来。

4._____is the spokesman of postwar Beat Generation in American literary history.【答案】Allen Ginsberg【解析】美国当代诗人艾伦·金斯堡是20世纪50年代末美国“垮掉派”文学运动的中心人物。

他的代表作是《嚎叫》（Howl）。

5.Gary Snyder has been placed next to Allen Ginsberg among the Beat Generation.He seems to think that the job of the poet is to catch sight of_____,which resides nowhere but in_____.【答案】the poetic,the natural world【解析】加里·斯奈德（Gary Snyder），二十世纪美国著名诗人、“垮掉派”代表人物之一。

所以喜欢沉浸于自然，在大自然中，他既是劳动者也是思考者，因此他的诗“更加接近于事物的本色以对抗我们时代的失衡、紊乱及愚昧无知”。

Ⅱ.Multiple ChoiceOf the following poets,who is NOT remembered as a confessional poet?A.Anne SextonB.Sylvia PlathC.Robert LowellD.Elizabeth Bishop【答案】D【解析】伊丽莎白·毕肖普属于20世纪40年代的诗人，她不是自白派诗人。