经济学人 2014.10 封面文章 最新翻译

英语学习_（6-10）《经济学⼈》中英对照_必备弃我去者，昨⽇之⽇不可留乱我⼼者，今⽇之⽇多烦忧TEXT 6Travelling with baggage背着⾏囊去旅⾏Feb 16th 2006From The Economist print edition（1）FEW modern travel writers excite more hostility and awe than Sir ★Wilfred Thesiger[1], who died in 2003. Despising the “drab uniformity of the modern world”, Sir Wilfred ★slogged across [2] Africa and Asia, especially Arabia, on animals and on foot, immersing himself in tribal societies. He delighted in killing—lions in Sudan in the years before the second world war, Germans and Italians during it. He disliked “soft”living and “★intrusive[3]”women and revered murderous savages, to whom he gave guns. He thought educating the working classes a waste of good servants. He kicked his dog. His journeys were more notable as feats of ★masochistic[4] endurance than as exploration. Yet his first two books, “Arabian Sands”, about his crossing of the Empty Quarter, and “The Marsh Arabs”, about southern Iraq, have a ★terse[5] brilliance about them. As records of ancient cultures on the ★cusp[6] of ★oblivion[7], they are unrivalled.现代游记作家鲜有⼈能⽐2003年去世的威福瑞?塞西格爵⼠更令⼈敬畏。

来源于/wordpress/（The Economist《经济学人》中文版）和/（《The Economist》《经济学人》中文版）11月10, 2008[2008.11.08] 美国大选：无限期望America's election：Great expectationsNO ONE should doubt the magnitude of what Barack Obama achieved this week. When the president-elect was born, in 1961, many states, and not just in the South, had laws on their books that enforced segregation, banned mixed-race unions like that of his parents and restricted voting rights. This week America can claim more credibly that any other western country to have at last become politically colour-blind. Other milestones along the road to civil rights have been passed amid bitterness and bloodshed. This one was marked by joy, white as well as black (see article).相信无人质疑奥巴马于本周取胜的重要意义。

这位新总统出生于1961年，那时美国很多州的法律都要求强化种族分离、禁止像奥巴马父母那样的跨族通婚、限制选举权利；这些不仅限于南部地区，而出现在全国范围内。

荫译：皖东（新浪财经）《经济学人》封面文章：未来的希望投资最忌好高骛远、盲从热潮和短视近利。

———雪拜·戴维斯[美国]WISDOM ·VIEW ·外刊速览·责任编辑:赵迪E-mail:*****************第15期本期《经济学人》封面文章认为世上最大经济体美国已开始了亟需的经济转型。

奥巴马总统在这方面应能有更多作为。

经历了自上世纪30年代以来最严重衰退的美国经济，在去年收缩2.4%以后预计今年可增长3%。

分析师们还预测，美国就业形势最终在今年会改善。

与步入衰退时情形完全不同的是，高失业率、大量丧失抵押房屋赎回权和公共财政的巨大窟窿是走出衰退时仍存在的显著危险。

而消费、住房和负债与出口的关系，投资与储蓄的关系则构成经济中的隐形危险。

未来许多不确定性不仅要靠华府政治人物，而且还有赖于美国之外的政治家。

美国数十年来的增长一直依靠着消费者大量借款进行开支的意愿，资产价格泡沫支撑着虚假安逸。

住房价格崩溃掏空了消费者的财富，让他们现变得更节俭，并更少借款。

靠着消费文化发达起来的众多企业巨头正重新思考增长方式，同时也在收缩自己的借贷规模。

美国住房开发商现在开发的产品是规模更小、形式更简单的产品。

衰退让美国摒弃了贪大求全，追求奢靡的风潮。

诚然，代价更高的稀缺资金是一个原因，而能源不再像以往那般廉价也是影响未来的重要因素。

更多普通消费者选择节能车型，而开采深藏美国地下的石油已是利润丰厚的追求。

若照此趋势发展下去，美国2025年的石油进口可能不到5年前的一半。

随着国内消费者勒紧腰带，美国企业必会向海外出口更多商品。

有竞争力的美元和现有传统市场增长，会让已处在领先地位的象高附加值加工类的美国行业表现不俗。

这会带来更平衡的美国经济，同时也会让全球经济更健康。

但此转型的成功不会被认为是理所当然的。

美国内外的政策制定者们将决定调整究竟是以痛苦或轻松方式进行。

若美国人节俭换来世上其他一些大国的相反做法，世界会因此繁荣。

Weaker than it looks比看起来的虚弱美国和英国的经济离脱离险境还有很长一段路要走，但是这个似乎已经能瞥到尽头。

在九月，美国的失业率降到了6%一下。

而至于英国经济，上半年的出口已经增长了3.2个百分点，是所有发达国家中增长速度最快的。

中央银行的银行家们都在数离下次提息还有多少天。

事实上，到处的新闻都在播报令人沮丧的消息，或者是更沮丧的。

欧元区，作为世界上第二大的经济区域，看起来又从恢复中彻底地掉入了彻底的经济衰退，因为德国一不小心打了滑。

太过脆弱的工业生产和出口数值都意味着德国德国的GDP再接下去的第二个季度里即将面临再一次的缩水——这是一种通俗意义上的经济衰退. 日本作为世界上第三大的经济体，可能也在经济衰退的边缘，因为四月消费税的提高比预期更严重地影响了日本国内消费。

俄罗斯和巴西的经济仍然停滞，当然这是往好了说。

甚至在中国，竟然还能保持稳定的每年7.5%的增长率，中国国内也有很多的关于房地产泡沫, 信贷泡沫和生产力衰退的忧虑。

这样不均衡的世界经济是不会平稳发展的。

无论是安格鲁撒克逊世界之外的经济弱势被证实要么知识暂时现象，要么就是恐吓世界经济市场使未来变得灰暗。

传统的观点认为在2015年全球的增长势头才会强劲起来，因为美国经济对其他地区的支持和经济弱势被证明为只是暂时的。

（国际货币基金组织）IMF机构认为明年全球的经济将增长3.8%。

虽然，这份报纸在两个方面可能过于担心，第一，当今的经济衰退，尤其是欧元区，不会比专家们预计的持续得更久。

第二，不均衡的发展本身就可以刺激经济的动荡，尤其是针对美元。

Fearing the wurst 对于德国的恐惧对“德式香肠”的恐惧欧元区的情况远远比提要里提供的简单数字更糟糕，因为在很长的一段时间里（欧元区的经济）受到了德国的鼓舞. 意大利已经在两年里都处于经济衰退的情况，法国经济也好几个也停滞不前。

但是现在德国也陷入了麻烦，这种日式通货螺旋紧缩也加快了脚步。

Disney Star Wars, Disney and myth-makingHow one company came to master the business of storytellingFROM a galaxy far, far away to a cinema just down the road: “The Force Awakens”, the newest instalment of the Star Wars saga, is inescapable this Christmas. The first Star Wars title since Lucasfilm, the owner of the franchise, was acquired by Disney in 2012 for $4.1 billion, it represents more than just the revival of a beloved science-fiction series. It is the latest example of the way Disney has prospered over the past decade from a series of shrewd acquisitions (see article). Having bought Pixar, Marvel and Lucasfilm, Disney has skilfullycapitalised on their intellectual property—and in so doing, cemented its position as the market leader in the industrialisation of mythology. Its success rests on its mastery of the three elements of modern myth-making: tropes, technology and toys.From Homer to Han SoloStart with the tropes. Disney properties, which include everything from “Thor” to “Toy Story”, draw on well-worn devices of mythic structure to give their stories cultural resonance. Walt Disney himself had an intuitive grasp of the power of fables. George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars, is an avid student of the work of Joseph Campbell, an American comparative mythologist who outlined the “monomyth” structure in which a hero answers a call, is assisted by a mentor figure, voyages to another world, survives various trials and emerges triumphant. Bothfilm-makers merrily plundered ancient mythology and folklore. The Marvel universe goes even further, directly appropriating chunks of Greco-Roman and Norse mythology. (This makes Disney's enthusiasm for fierce enforcement of intellectual-property laws, and the seemingly perpetual extension of copyright, somewhat ironic.)The internal mechanics of myths may not have changed much over the ages, but the technology used to impart them certainly has. That highlights Disney's second area of expertise. In Homer's day, legends were passed on in the form of dactylic hexameters; modern myth-makers prefer computer graphics, special effects, 3D projection, surround sound and internet video distribution,among other things. When Disney bought Lucasfilm it did not just acquire the Star Wars franchise; it also gained Industrial Light & Magic, one of the best special-effects houses in the business, whose high-tech wizardry is as vital to Marvel's Avengers films as it is to the Star Wars epics. And when Disney was left behind by the shift to digital animation, it cannily revitalised its own film-making brand by buying Pixar, a firm as pioneering in its field as Walt Disney had been in hand-drawn animation. Moreover, modern myths come in multiple media formats. The Marvel and Star Wars fantasy universes are chronicled in interlocking films, television series, books, graphic novels and video games. Marvel's plans are mapped out until the mid-2020s.But these days myths are also expected to take physical form as toys, merchandise and theme-park rides. This is the third myth-making ingredient. Again, Walt Disney led the way, licensing Mickey Mouse and other characters starting in the 1930s, and opening the original Disneyland park in 1955. Mr Lucas took cinema-related merchandise into a new dimension, accepting a pay cut as director in return for all the merchandising rights to Star Wars—a deal that was to earn him billions. Those rights now belong to Disney, and it is making the most of them: sales of “The Force Awakens” merchandise, from toys to clothing, are expected to be worth up to $5 billion alone in the coming year. In all, more than $32 billion-worth of Star Wars merchandise has been sold since 1977, according to NPD Group, a market-research firm. Even Harry Potter and James Bond are scruffy-looking nerf-herders by comparison.Those other franchises are reminders that Disney's approach is not unique. Other studios are doing their best to imitate its approach. But Disney has some of the most valuable properties and exploits them to their fullest potential. It is particularly good at refreshing and repackaging its franchises to encourage adults to revisit their childhood favourites and, in the process, to introduce them to their own children. This was one reason why Pixar, whose films are known for their cross-generational appeal, was such a natural fit. Now the next generation is being introduced to Star Wars by their nostalgic parents. At the same time, Disney has extended its franchises by adding sub-brands that appeal to particular age groups: children's television series spun off from Star Wars, for example, or darker, more adult tales from the Marvel universe, such as the “Daredevil” and “Jessica Jones” series on.Do, or do not—there is no tryWhat explains the power of all this modern-day mythology? There is more to it than archetypal storytelling, clever technology and powerful marketing. In part, it may fill a void left by the decline of religion in a more secular world. But it also provides an expression for today's fears.T he original “Star Wars” film, in which a band of plucky rebels defeat a technological superpower, was a none-too-subtle inversion of the Vietnam war. The Marvel universe, originally a product of the cold-war era, has adapted well on screen to a post-9/11 world of surveillance and the conspiratorial mistrust of governments, large corporations and the power of technology. Inuncertain times, when governments and military might seem unable to keep people safe or stay honest, audiences take comfort in the idea of superheroes who ride to the rescue. Modern myths also have the power to unify people across generations, social groups and cultures, creating frameworks of shared references even as other forms of media consumption become ever more fragmented.Ultimately, however, these modern myths are so compelling because they tap primordial human urges—for refuge, redemption and harmony. In this respect they are like social-media platforms, which use technology to industrialise social interaction. Similarly, modern myth-making, reliant though it is on new tools and techniques, is really just pushing the same old buttons in stone-age brains. That is something that Walt Disney understood instinctively—and that the company he founded is now exploiting so proficiently.迪士尼星球大战,迪士尼和神话创造一个公司如何成为兜售故事的商业传奇从遥远的星际抵达你周边的电影院—《星球大战7：原力觉醒》这部星战系列的最新影片就在圣诞期间上映，不容错过。

考研英语外刊《经济学家》读译参考之五十六：新意－中国日益关注创新Something new新意(陈继龙编译)Aug 3rd 2006 | BEIJINGFrom The Economist print editionAFTER years of prospering as the world's workshop, China now wants to be its laboratory as well. “Innovation”has become a national buzzword[1], and Chinese leaders have been tossing it into their speeches since the beginning of the year, when President Hu Jintao started an ambitious campaign to drive China's economy further up the value chain. (1)True, new campaigns and catchphrases[2] are declared by the government and the Communist Party in China all the time, and mostly end up fizzling out[3] in puddles[4] of rhetoric. But there are signs that the government i_______①to back its innovation campaign with more than just words.中国作为“世界工场”，多年来发展蒸蒸日上，但现在它也希望成为“世界实验室”。

“创新”已经成为举国上下一个时髦词儿。

今年年初，胡锦涛主席启动了一项雄心勃勃的规划，旨在推动中国经济进一步与价值链接轨。

高斋资料班: 每日一段100字左右外刊经济学人英译汉来源：高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)修订后的经济学人译文原文：Livestock is a big and growing business all over east Africa, in considerable part fuelled by the Gulf’s increasing appetite for meat. Live Sudanese animal exports more than trebled to $670m between 2010 and 2013 (the most recent years for which the World Bank has data) . More than 70% were sheep, demand for which surges around the Muslim festival of Eid al-Adha, when they are ceremonially slaughtered. In 2015 Somalia sold 5.3m animals, worth $384m; livestock counts for 40% of that fractured country’s GDP. Other Sudanese may sneer that the Rashaida’s new cars and houses have been bought with the proceeds of people-smuggling. But there is plenty of money to be made in the legitimate business of exporting livestock.微博@高斋翻硕高斋翻译Joy老师(微博@高斋翻硕)的修订后的译文：在整个东非地区，牲畜贸易都是大买卖，而且近年来发展迅速，很大程度上得益于海湾国家对肉类产品不断增长的需求。

The Economist 《经济学人》常用词汇总结，太珍贵了！！1、绝对优势（Absolute advantage）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。

2、逆向选择（Adverse choice）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。

3、选择成本（Alternative cost）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。

4、需求的弧弹性（Arc elasticity of demand）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）5、非对称的信息（Asymmetric information）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。

例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。

6、平均成本（Average cost）平均成本是总成本除以产量。

也称为平均总成本。

7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。

8、平均产品（Average product）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。

9、平均可变成本（Average variable cost）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。

10、投资的β(Beta）β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。

对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。

11、债券收益(Bond yield）债券收益是债券所获得的利率。

12、收支平衡图（Break－even chart）收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。

收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。

13、预算线(Budget line）预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。

经济学人中英文版篇一：《经济学人》阅读练习中英对照版50篇《经济学家》读译参考&1重建美国梦机器192019|',(),对美国的大学而言，申请必须在12市大学，一所公立学院，没有田园诗一般;$7,500()2001年开始为聪明过人的学生所设立的培养计划。

6约有1100人能得到“免费教育”，这在花费巨大的美被纳入城市大学荣誉计划的学生无需支付学费，相反，他们还获得一份请尽早被批准进入下一学年计划的学生达到了70%。

,,,—',批准与否跟学生是不是一名运动员，或者是不是校友子弟，或者有没有颇具影响力的后台，《经济学家》读译参考&或者是不是某个爱打抱不平的民族社团成员，都毫无干系——而这些在美国的知名学府中已经日益成为重要标准。

申请加入荣誉计划的学生大多数来自相对贫困的家庭，其中许多人都是移民。

城市大学唯一需要的就是这些学生必须勤奋并且聪颖。

,7%',(1997)',去年，城市大学学生的标准化考试平均分位居全美最高分的7%均分较低，但是他们即将冲进前三名（相比1997年的倒数前三名）。

（这一段请高手参详）,20世纪60年代以前，那就是美国高等教育管理最好的并不在剑桥大学或者是，在一所名叫城市大学1847年，'',(1950);,,,(,那时美国最知名的大学都限制犹太人学生入学，当时1933年到1954年之间，城市大学培养出了9个后来获得诺贝尔奖的人，其中包括2019年经济学奖获得者罗伯特?奥曼（毕业于1950年）。

城市大学前附属女子学院则培养出两名诺贝尔奖获得者，而其在布鲁克林的一所分校也培养出一名。

城市大学还培养出了最高法院的关键人物费利克斯?法兰克福（1902届）、埃拉?格什温（1918届）、天花疫苗发明者乔纳斯?索尔克（1934届）以及互联网设计者罗伯特?卡恩（1960届）等人。

20世纪三、四十年代，城市大学作为左翼分子活动区，城市大学孕育了许多新保守主义知识分子，他们后来都转向了右翼，比如欧文?克里斯托（1940届，校外活动积极分子，参加过反战俱乐部）、丹尼尔?贝尔和内森?格雷泽。

荫译：皖东（新浪财经）《经济学人》封面文章：德国还需结构性改革任何靠市场方向来决定获利的投资方式，都注定只能表现平平。

———麦克·劳尔[美国]·外刊速览·WISDOM ·VIEW责任编辑:赵迪E-mail:*****************第12期本期《经济学人》封面文章认为，德国需要改革的原因不只是为自身，而且也为他人。

世界各地通常将欧洲视为经济僵化的大陆，依赖福利的民众不愿工作太多，其工业基础陈旧和能力持续下降。

相应机制让欧洲前景暗淡。

正如本刊本期特别报告所显示的那样，欧洲最大经济体，德国的成功却反应了完全不同的事实。

德国10年前还是位病夫，一直受到缓慢增长和高失业率的拖累，加工业在绝望中外迁寻找低成本之地。

但德国尽管现在也身处衰退，但其失业率仍低于5年前。

德国的出口近期虽让位于世界最大出口国中国，但其出口实力仍毫发无损。

德国今年经常项下盈余占GDP 比重也超过中国。

然而，欧洲其他各国对德国这个欧洲地理和政治中心的强劲经济有着许多要说。

德国的成功确实给邻国造成了许多麻烦，这也是双方需认真面对的问题。

德国令人印象深刻的灵活性是传统和新型优点结合的结果。

传统上以多数意见主导的管理体系有助于让工会在企业成本需要下调时进行合作。

同时，经济政策也转向新式和自由化方向。

施罗德政府2003-2004年间引入了对劳动力市场和福利体系的改革。

因受这些因素刺激和欧洲单一货币体系的竞争压力，德国工商业毫不手软地将实际工资水平压下来。

德国2000-08年间的单位劳动成本年均下降1.4%，而美国仅为0.7%，法英两国确分别上涨0.8%和0.9%。

德国去年虽也遭到衰退沉重打击，但经济仍远好于10年前的形势。

这是法国和南欧各国根本无法相比的。

德国对其控制成本和保持出口的能力感到自豪。

但它应意识到其成功部份是以牺牲邻国利益为代价的。

德国人更愿意相信他们10年因放弃所热爱的马克而做出了巨大牺牲，但他们从欧元上的获益实际上超出任何人。