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专题12 定语从句——高效演练一. 单句语法填空1.Many young people，most of ________were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 【答案】whom【解析】考查定语从句的用法。
句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。
根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。
2.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________ the weather may be better.【答案】when【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。
考查定语从句。
先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语，所以用when3．(天津高考改编)One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons ________ this problem could not be solved.【答案】why【解析】句意：一天，精疲力竭，我写下这个问题不能解决的所有原因。
考查定语从句。
从句缺少原因状语，用why引导。
4．(浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.【答案】which【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个得到了证明。
考查定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用“代词＋介词＋关系代词which”引导。
第五讲 定语从句的写作根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。
定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构，根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分。
定语从句在句中作定语修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫作先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
一、定语从句关系词的基本用法As the saying goes ，“All roads lead to Rome.”正如谚语所说：“条条大路通罗马”。
We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July, which will makes us very excited.我们将参加今年7月由你们学校举办的夏令营，这使得我们非常激动。
二、运用定语从句的注意事项运用定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现；定语从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。
将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句中的成分。
①The foreigner is from Canada.He visited our class yesterday.→The foreigner who 主语 visited 谓语 our class 宾语 yesterday 状语is from Canada.②Mrs.Wang is the teacher.Her son was admitted to Peking University.→Mrs.Wang is the teacher whose 定语 son 主语 was admitted 谓语 to Peking University 状语. ③Our teacher told us such a story.It moved us all to tears.→Our teacher told us such a story as 主语 moved 谓语 us all 宾语 to tears 状语. ④I will never forget the days.We worked in that small town in those days. →I will never forget the days when 状语 we 主语 worked 谓语 in that small town 状语. 三、as 引导的定语从句as 引导的定语从句是写作中出现频率很高的一种句式，其用法如下：(1)关系代词as 用于限制性定语从句时，常出现在固定句型as…as(和……一样大/高/深)，the same…as(和……一样/同类)，such…as(诸如……)中。
第4讲润色添彩的定语从句定语从句的正确使用体现学生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，在写作中使用一到两个定语从句可以提升文章的档次。
一、写作中定语从句的常见类型1．关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是常见。
(1)I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.我已经是八月底将在天津举行的第十三届全运会的志愿者了。
(2017·天津) (2)There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which will make the class go smoothly.毫无疑问你应该提前了解唐朝的历史，这会使得课程进展顺利。
(2017·全国Ⅰ) (3)Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.欢迎任何感兴趣的同学参加。
(2016·全国Ⅱ)2．关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when，where，why引导的定语从句。
(1)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study. 我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。
(2)During holiday seasons，I will live in the countryside，where air is fresh and people are friendly.在假期，我会住在乡下，那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。
第一讲定语从句一、改正下列句子中的唯一错误：1.. We have learned much from the voluntary activity, who offers us an opportunity to contribute to society.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）who改为which【解析】句意：从志愿者活动中我们学到了很多，这也给我们提供了一个给社会做贡献的机会。
分析句子结构可知，逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为the voluntary activity,表示活动，故用which。
2. I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, that has been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）that改为which【解析】句意：在我的许多课堂活动中，我多次给予她帮助，这已经得到了老师和同学们的认可。
分析句子结构可知，that has...classmates是非限制性定语从句，根据语境可知，应用which引导。
3. On the other hand, I can see the singers' stories, who are so inspiring.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）who改为which【解析】句意：另一方面，我能看到歌手们的故事，这些故事很鼓舞人心。
分析句子结构可知，第二个逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行stories 指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which。
4. My father, a scientist, works to save rare birds, some of that are really clever and can even say some words.【答案】(非限制性定语从句）that改为which【解析】句意：我的父亲是一位科学家，他从事拯救稀有鸟类的工作，有些鸟真的很聪明，甚至可以说一些单词。
英语写作利器之定语从句要想写出定语从句，首先要保证两个简单句中有重复词汇，再将含有重复词汇的两个简单句合成定语从句。
一．合并法【使用条件】写作要点中要有重复词汇。
（该重复词汇一般是名词或代词，第二次出现可能会用代词代替）【步骤】第一步：把两个句子翻译成英语简单句，并标出重复词汇。
（如出现代词，则把代词换成它替代的名词）E.g.我校将举办一场演讲比赛，它的主题是人与自然__________________________________ ________________________________________. 第二步：确定主句和从句，将从句的重复词汇用对应的关系词替换并提至从句句首。
注意：1. 在确定主句和从句时，需根据中文构思判断合成后的句子主要想表达哪个要点，含有该要点的就是主句。
2.用关系词替换时，如重复词汇前有介词时，用关系副词替换；没有介词时，用关系代词替换。
按照这个步骤，上面的句子哪句是主句？哪句是从句？__________________________________ _________________________________________ 从句的重复词汇为：___________________。
用哪个关系词提到它？______________. 且把关系词提到哪里？____________第三步：将替换后的从句作为整体置于主句重复词后面。
按照该步骤，上面的句子最终可合并为：_________________________________________________________________________. 这样，一个完整的定语从句就出来了。
二．拆分法【使用条件】修饰成分中有主谓短语【步骤】第一步：在中文语境下，把被修饰语拆分到两个完整的句子中去，然后再翻译成英文。
例：这个行李箱（suitcase）是妈妈送个我的生日礼物。
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 第二步：确定主句和从句，将从句的重复词汇用对应的关系词替换并提至从句句首。
解密10定语从句考点详解【考点解读】定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。
纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。
如: that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和why的区分等。
2. 考查whose的使用。
whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。
指物时, whose＋名词＝名词＋of which ＝of which＋名词。
如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second floor.3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。
尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引导的主语从句的区分。
4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。
如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。
关系代词作定语时也可用whose。
如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。
如: 当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。
重点2| 从句引导词Ⅰ.定语从句的关系词(关系代词和关系副词)用适当的从句引导词填空。
It was late one morning.I don't remember what it was about，but my husband and I had a heated argument.I threw a few things in a small suitcase and left home，not knowing where to go.After driving in circles for several minutes，I stopped at a shop to buy something.At that time，my daughter called me and told me her dad was worried about me.But because my anger hadn't left me，I hung up the phoneimmediately.When I went to my car quickly after finishing my purchase，I found a piece of white paper stuck under my windshield wiper(雨刮器)．A truck pulled up beside me before I could see the words on the paper clearly.Hanging out of the window was my husband，beside whom was my lovely daughter.That's why I started laughing.Moved by them，I laughed so hard that I cried.Although/Though I had made great efforts to run away from home，the man who loved me managed to find me.AW：Jack，how have your two sons been doing at school recently?M：Mark never starts studying，and Jason never stops 1 (study)．W：You're joking！I have heard that Jason is likely 2 (be) at the top of his class after exams this year.M：Yes，his teachers also think so.He 3 (work) very hard at his books every evening for months on end recently.He is hoping to 4 Harvard University.W：Great.Maybe he'll become a university professor 5 (he) in the future.M：Maybe. 6 sometimes I wish he'd go out and enjoy himself 7 a change.W：Yes...What about the younger one?M：Well，Mark's teachers say he is clever，but he 8 (rare) does his best.He does his homework in ten minutes every day and then 9 (rush) out to play football.W：Perhaps he can make his fortune at football.People can make plenty of money from sports now.M：My wife always worries about his future.W：Perhaps you can have a talk with him now to find out 10 he is thinking about his studies and future plans.M：Good idea.I'll take your advice.这是一段对话，对话围绕Jack的两个孩子的学习情况展开，一个爱学习，一个爱玩。
2020年高考英语作文高分思路与技巧(名师精讲写作思路与技巧，建议下载练习)一、审题认真审题才能保证文章不跑题。
写作审题主要涉及以下几个方面：1. 确定体裁。
近几年英语高考书面表达以“应用文”为主，如果是应用文的话，要确定其具体类别，是通知、便条、信件，还是其他。
每种应用文都有自己的写作规范和语言要求，在写作伊始要做到心里有数。
2. 弄清内容。
要认真阅读题目要求，确保不要漏掉任何一个要点，最好把要点标记出来，待写作完成后核对要点是否齐全。
如果是图画题或者图表题，同学们要通过自己的思考概括其主要内容。
至于先说什么，再说什么，通常情况下可以参考材料的顺序，也可以根据表达的需要自行调节。
3. 明确时态。
时态和所要表达的内容紧密关联。
首先要根据题目的要求，确定语境和主体时态。
在具体写作过程中，随着表述的要求，灵活使用适当的时态。
二、草稿1. 安排写作顺序。
审题时同学们已经列出要点，现在只需要根据要点合理分段，如果只有一段的话，也要确定先写什么，再写什么，哪些部分详写，哪些部分略写。
2. 充实写作内容。
任何写作都是为了表达自己的想法。
确定了写作要点和详略后，同学们就需要由词到句、由句到篇，落实自己的想法了。
具体写作过程中要注意以下内容：词汇层面首先，根据考题的要求，要在大脑中激活相关话题的词汇，并且用相对“高级”的词和词块。
比如描述人的外貌，可以用long-haired, average build, well-dressed, in one’s thirties等；介绍节假日可以用in memory of, remind … of, date back to, make preparations for等。
其次，学会通过词汇手段让自己的表达升级。
请看下面的例子：1. 你今天下午有空吗？基础版：Do you have time this afternoon?升级版：Will you be available this afternoon?2. 我们没有足够的钱去国外。
高考英语定语从句专项讲解一、考点分析在上海高考英语中，定语从句的考点主要体现在语法填空、阅读、翻译和作文等题型里。
二、专题详解I、概念1、先行词：被从句所修饰的或，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，先行词不仅仅是一个词还有可能是。
Keys:定语、名词、代词、一整个句子。
2、关系代词3、关系副词4、介词+which/whom它们的常见结构有：(1) 介词+which/whomThis is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.(2) 名词+of+ which/whomPlease pass me the book the cover of which is blue.(3) 数词+of+ which/whomShe’s got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.(4) 代词+of +which/whomIn the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.(5) 最高级+of + which/whomChina has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.介词的选择根据介词与定语从句中动词的搭配关系；根据介词与前面的名词先行词的搭配关系；同时考虑与动词和名词的搭配关系。
还有关系副词的改写。
5、非限制性定语从句形式上与主句被隔开，关系上是对主句内容 ,限制性的关系词除和外，其他都能应用于非限制定语从句中，特殊的是，which和as的先行词不仅能是一个词或一个短语，还有可能是。
Keys:逗号、补充说明、that、why、一整个句子。
II、定语从句中的特殊情况。
1、只用that不用which的情况。
(1) 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something也可用which), few, little, all, none, the one, some, much, any等不定代词时，或者是由all，every，each，few，little，much，no，some，any等修饰时用that：1) Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.2) You can take any seat that is free.注意：当先行词为all指人或anyone，everyone，No one，anybody，everybody，somebody 时用who(2) 当先行词是序数词或是被序数词修饰，包括the last, the next：1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.2) When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing.(3) 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时1) This is the best film that I have seen.2) The best that I could do was to apologize.(4) 当先行词被the very，the only，the just，the same，one of等修饰时1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.2) The only thing that we could do was to wait.3) This is the same book that I’m looking for.注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as, 但是意义不同。
2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧 专题（四）定语从句+写作同类词合集
在写作中运用定语从句不仅可以显示考生较好的语言运用能力，更能为写作增添色彩。所以考生一定要在平时练习时学会在书信应用文、概写和续写中尝试写定语从句，让作文整体显得漂亮和流畅。
一． 用于书面表达中定语从句的类型 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 who，whom，whose，which，that，as等关系代词引导的定语从句在高考书面表达中屡见不鲜。尤其以as和which引导的非限制性定语从句更是司空见惯。
①.I’m qualified with every extra work that you want me to do. (2019全国一卷书面表达) ②.Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding. (2018北京高考书面表达)
③.As is known, I will be a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of
August in Tianjin. (2017年天津高考书面表达)
④.Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. (2016全国卷书面表达) 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 when，where，why关系副词引导的定语从句也可以在高考书面表达中找到很多例子。在写这种类型的定语从句时，一定要注意关系词前面一些特殊的先行词，如：period，age，occasion，situation，case，point，reason等。
①.We are to meet on Sunday morning in the People’s Park, where the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful. (2017全国一卷书面表达)
②.They found the dangerous situation, where three men circled the wolf. (2017浙江高考书面表达) ③.I think the reason why you’re always angry may be the high pressure of study. (2014安徽高考书面表达)
3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of our school life.
二． 定语从句的写法 定语从句对于考生来说相对较难灵活运用，所以一定要在平时的写作训练中多加练习。在写作中，可以采取以下的步骤训练。
1. 写出两个相关联的简单句； 2. 在其中一处简单句中找出需要修饰的词，这个词一定要在两个简单句中都有联系； 3. 把剩下的一个简单句改成定语从句，根据关系词的不同选择而对句子进行修改。若是关系代词，就要去掉这个简单句中的主语或者宾语。若是关系副词，则要删掉状语。
例一：The foreigner got arrested by the police. He picked a woman’s pocket on the bus. 先确定两个简单句中需要修饰的共同成分，即the foreigner。确定第一句为主句后，剩下的第二句要改写成定语从句。由于是代词做主语，所以考虑用关系代词who或者that引导定语从句，并删去第二句的主语he。
The foreigner who/that picked a woman’s pocket on the bus got arrested by the police. 例二：A fire suddenly broke out in the theater. Without delay, Tom ran away from the theater. 先确定两个简单句中需要修饰的共同成分，即the theater。确定第二句作主句后，剩下的第二句为定语从句。由于in the theater是地点状语，所以考虑用关系副词where引导定语从句，并删去第一句的状语in the theater。 Without delay, Tom ran away from the theater where a fire suddenly broke out. 由于灵活运用定语从句对于考生来说有一定的难度，所以考生在书面表达中运用定语从句时会常犯一些错误，比如误用关系词，句子成分多余或残缺，把定语从句和其它从句混淆。这些都是考生需要注意的。后面的改错练习会涉及到一些定语从句写作中常见的错误。
提升训练 一． 请把下列的定语从句改正确。 1. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 2. I have a friend, who’s name is Liu Mei. 3. There were many students took part in the English competition. 4. The last one leaves the classroom is supposed to turn off lights. 5. As can be seen from the picture, that a sad boy stands between his angry parents. 6. Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood. 7. Which is known, smoking is a bad habit that threatens people’s health. 8. His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn’t help. 9. There’re three members in my family and I’m the only one child, who is very common in China. 10. When travelling overseas, you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting. 11. I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the store. 12. On the third floor there are two rooms, one of them is used as a meeting room. 13. The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days. 14. I gave that boy such a difficult math problem which he couldn’t work out. 15. During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, when air is fresh and people are friendly. 题目一 【答案】 1. I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China. 2. I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei. 3. There were many students who took part in the English competition. 4. The last one who leaves the classroom is supposed to turn off lights. 5. As can be seen from the picture, (去掉that) a sad boy stands between his angry parents. 6. Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up (去掉there) in my childhood. 7. As is known, smoking is a bad habit that threatens people’s health. 8. His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn’t help. 9. There’re three members in my family and I’m the only one child, which is very common in China.
10. When travelling overseas, you should follow the customs of the country which/that you are visiting.
11. I will never forget the day on which we went to buy guitars in the store. 12. On the third floor there are two rooms, one of which is used as a meeting room. 13. The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, where they plan to stay for three days.
