11,各地农业和非农业人口比例

【地理位置】山东省位于我国东部沿海的中北段，地处黄河下游。

境域介于北纬34°25′～38°23′、东经114°36′～122°43′之间，大约跨4个纬度和8个经度。

极西点在东明县焦园西黄河河道，极东点在荣成县成山角，极南点在郯城县杨集南，极北点在北隍城岛的北角。

自北而南，分别与河北、河南、安徽、江苏省接壤，海上隔老铁山水道与辽宁省相望。

山东省地理位置优越，有利于社会事业的发展和经济的开发。

从纬度位置看，山东位于中纬度地带，气候为暖温带类型，光热充足，生长期长，有利于生活和生产。

从经度位置和海陆位置看，山东地处我国东部沿海，气候湿润，降水量比同纬度的内陆地区为多，有利于农业生产的发展。

临海的位置，使山东海域广阔，港湾众多，有利于发展海上航运和海洋水产事业。

山东地处东部沿海的中段，京沪铁路和京杭运河纵贯省境，北连京津，南通沪宁，是南北陆上交通的咽喉和海上航运的中点。

从军事地理位置来看，山东半岛是我国最大半岛，向东伸入黄海渤海之间，隔海与辽东半岛对峙，庙岛列岛屹立渤海海峡，成为拱卫首都北京的海上门户，是北京防卫的南大门。

全省总面积15.67万平方公里，占全国的1.63％；耕地1.05亿亩，是一个中等省区；人口7880多万，仅次于四川省和河南省。

山东省境南部为春秋时期鲁国故地，故省名简称曰“鲁”。

(年鉴部) 【行政区划】为了进一步适应经济发展的需要，经国务院批准，1987年我省县以上行政区划作了部分调整：(1)6月15日，将威海市升为地级市。

原县级威海市的行政区域设为环翠区。

将烟台市的荣成、文登、乳山3县划归威海市管辖。

(2) 2月12日，撤销胶县，以原胶县的行政区域设立胶州市(县级)。

(3)2月20日，撤销莱阳县，以原莱阳县的行政区域设立莱阳市(县级)。

(4)2月25日，撤销滨县，将其行政区域并入滨州市。

(5)4月11日，撤销济南市郊区和历城县，设立历城区。

以原历城县和郊区的洪家楼镇、华山镇、王舍人镇的行政区域为历城区的行政区域。

甘肃省人口老龄化问题调查报告前言1999年7月11日，是本世纪最后一个“世界人口日”。

这一天，人们关注的焦点除了因为人口数量过速增长，而带来的有关环境、资源等一系列问题外，就是由于人口数量有效控制后，所带来的不可避免的老龄化问题。

伴随计划生育政策的贯彻执行，中国妇女生育水平有所降低，人口再生产类型也发生了剧变，这就造成了中国人口年龄构成的变化，加剧了人口老龄化过程。

国际上通常把老年人口（65岁以上）占7％，作为人口年龄结构转化为老龄型人口的标准，根据这一标准，中国在下世纪之初（2002年）将步入老龄社会，下世纪40年代老年人口比重将超过19％，届时人口老龄化程度更加严重（参见表1）。

资料来源：林富德、翟振武主编《走向对世纪的中国人O、环境与发展川凉：高等教育出版社，IWh年出版。

这其中，社会弱势群体作为最脆弱的社会环节，它的老龄化问题的解决将更为困难。

在江泽民同志提出的“重视老龄工作，发展老龄事业”这一号召指引下，本文根据甘肃省的实际情况，对甘肃省社会弱势群体老龄化问题进行探讨，试图为解决这一难题提供一些帮助。

人口老龄化已经成为普遍关注的社会话题。

2010年9月，甘肃省人口学会组织兰州大学人口研究所、省社科院、省委党校等单位的人口专家、学者及学会相关工作人员，共9人，赴平凉、庆阳进行了学术调研。

专家学者们就甘肃老年人口问题、人口老龄化趋势及其影响等问题，认真听取了当地人口协会、计生委的汇报，并深入基层进行调查了解：在平凉市崆峒区宝塔社区，专家学者们调查了社区老年人和回族人口的情况，参观了社区老年人口服务大厅；在庆阳市西峰区东湖社区，专家学者们与当地退休老干部和老年人，就老年人所关心和迫切需要解决的问题进行了亲切的座谈；在西峰区后官寨乡司官寨村，了解了农村贫困老年人、残疾老年人、及少数民族老年人的生活现状、心理需求，还到村上的“五保家园”进行参观。

通过调研我们发现，平凉庆阳的老龄化问题在甘肃省具有代表性，下面我们将结合调研资料对甘肃省人口老龄化及其产生的影响进行全面系统的分析。

19901991199219931994石家庄市(万人)106.84108.16110.15112.92115.94唐山市(万人)104.42106.04107.4108.7111.02秦皇岛市(万人)36.4937.6338.8139.8241.25邯郸市(万人)83.7584.8886.1587.589.4邢台市(万人)30.283132.3833.2134.23保定市(万人)48.3248.8549.7550.5851.92张家口市(万人)52.9155.357.5859.361.53承德市(万人)24.6825.0525.4125.8726.36沧州市(万人)24.2724.8325.8417.627.54廊坊市(万人)14.8115.3416.1317.618.59衡水市(万人)10.4310.8611.6711.9613.8河北省其他地区-----太原市(万人)153.39154.87156.8160.12164.23大同市(万人)79.8380.7481.3983.2984.5阳泉市(万人)36.2336.437.5139.1740.23长治市(万人)32.1132.132.5433.6234.72晋城市(万人)13.6414.1514.4815.0616.23朔州市(万人)7.247.538.058.6111.02晋中市(万人)-----运城市(万人)10.8411.1811.37-13.51忻州市(万人)9.7910.1510.84-12.69临汾市(万人)18.7319.119.61-20.58吕梁市(万人)-----呼和浩特市(万人)65.2565.9566.4367.1368.32包头市(万人)98.3599.3100.04101.34103.29乌海市(万人)26.4126.6726.8827.9428.8赤峰市(万人)35.0136.0436.5637.8739.2通辽市(万人)25.5125.8225.97-27.3鄂尔多斯市(万人)-----呼伦贝尔市(万人)18.0718.3418.47-19.24巴彦淖尔市(万人)-----乌兰察布市(万人)-----兴安盟-----锡林郭勒盟-----阿拉善盟-----内蒙古其他地区-----鞍山市(万人)120.4121.03122.44124125.17抚顺市(万人)120.24121.22122.03123.33124.57本溪市(万人)76.8877.4278.2779.680.54丹东市(万人)52.3752.9153.5354.3355.0919951996199719981999200020012002 121.84126.68129.64133.88137.7145.14163.23197.1 112.4115.84119.05121.08122.64126.15127.92149.8243.3845.2247.148.5149.0851.1152.1154.9192.6995.7298.32100.58102.17104.85106.91109.7835.6936.0637.3538.7139.1342.346.3248.9753.0154.6356.2657.0259.0461.0163.5566.6162.5764.0565.2866.0566.5168.9168.1168.8327.3528.5329.2329.8930.443131.853328.9530.0530.7132.5133.3136.1536.8337.1420.321.5222.4924.225.2226.5627.7627.7921.1421.421.1621.2521.2921.92-23.37 --------169.09172.1175.9176.85179.46185.11190.65197.0285.9288.4790.8892.8394.5497.3999.99102.8741.4242.6143.9344.7245.4646.247.7748.7335.5436.8737.7138.739.3640.8744.5348.4216.9313.6414.2714.9316.0217.4418.0318.811.9612.513.0513.4713.9914.9415.4115.89 -----25.4725.9626.2414.2515.17---18.919.6120.4113.2413.58---16.1316.5617.1821.3523.35---28.0629.5232.37 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-----201.35204.46216.2227.69232.15105.15108.13110.51115.35117.3350.3551.0651.5952.4553.4449.5450.6452.6253.4654.8119.7220.0521.9925.1826.616.2717.0417.317.9318.5826.9827.8528.052930.121.1321.6721.1922.1723.0518.0518.9217.8618.3219.0233.2534.0134.1533.8636.2210.1212.3313.4614.2414.9983.1282.882.5984.2386.67130.63113.37113.36114.8115.7835.7542.243.1143.3344.8550.75151.452.2253.8433.6636.0943.2843.6244.2615.315.8916.2316.4716.8623.0423.5323.2923.724.5422.323.5524.2924.6324.8223.1123.4423.624.1725.46 --------------------128.74129.31129.3129.62130.03126.67126.37126.46126.02125.7683.6584.5484.784.4284.226059.6959.7959.7659.99锦州市(万人)56.9557.5858.7159.7461.03营口市(万人)42.1642.8343.5544.8846.57阜新市(万人)63.5564.2864.8765.6466.5辽阳市(万人)49.255051.045254.13盘锦市(万人)36.2837.6639.4640.5541.62铁岭市(万人)25.4826.0627.2828.1928.76朝阳市(万人)22.2422.9724.1624.8826.21葫芦岛市(万人)---39.1240.2吉林市(万人)103.69105.71107.99109.89111.78四平市(万人)31.7232.0633.6334.535.46辽源市(万人)35.4135.9336.5737.0337.73通化市(万人)32.4632.933.2534.2634.95白山市(万人)-48.9849.5340.6942.38松原市(万人)--30.332.0533.42白城市(万人)21.821.9822.323.9725.12延边朝鲜族自治州-----吉林省其他地区-----齐齐哈尔市(万人)107.01107.91108.51109.16110.41鸡西市(万人)68.3969.6670.8471.8373.64鹤岗市(万人)52.2753.1454.4755.0856.92双鸭山市(万人)38.6139.3139.5340.5341.33大庆市(万人)65.7367.668.887275.21伊春市(万人)79.5879.9479.9279.8780.03佳木斯市(万人)49.3450.2950.9151.6954.86七台河市(万人)21.522.3224.1625.1826.18牡丹江市(万人)57.1758.0958.7559.5160.27黑河市(万人)8.788.999.289.569.74绥化市(万人)22.7922.9923.27-24.7大兴安岭地区-----黑龙江省其他地区-----上海市市辖区-----上海市属县-----无锡市(万人)82.6883.8484.485.386.31徐州市(万人)80.5781.8684.0185.5387.98常州市(万人)53.1554.1567.3168.8568.33苏州市(万人)70.6571.4372.2673.4276.63南通市(万人)34.3337.7938.8340.6342.23连云港市(万人)35.4136.4238.2138.4840.11淮安市(万人)23.9713.2425.2526.0126.09盐城市(万人)29.6831.433.5735.3137.99扬州市(万人)31.2931.8833.0659.2135.5562.6164.1265.2565.8566.6967.8568.9370.347.4148.3649.1849.8350.4250.9951.4752.966.9567.5668.168.368.3368.7968.9969.0455.1855.8756.6657.0557.4358.2858.6958.6942.9744.3845.8647.1747.6748.3748.9449.5229.6430.2730.8231.431.8732.3533.0233.327.1928.1828.9529.5329.9630.7131.2431.4941.4142.6144.0144.845.6746.9548.2849.23113.5114.8116.11116.54118.2124.36124.47124.2336.4637.337.9138.2738.5538.8939.2650.8538.3538.7639.3239.1838.9838.8138.6838.8435.7936.0936.3136.2636.5136.6838.9739.2823.5224.5625.1625.3625.726.1225.9726.1129.5429.7430.0230.3830.7530.7931.0831.5125.9726.3326.8926.9727.1727.1327.2827.54 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----------111.74112.01111.51110.54111.6375.574.6874.0573.7273.6259.4561.1561.1961.0260.9643.8745.4245.3445.3445.59295.396.5499.7102.5479.7979.2678.6178.1977.9458.6259.9759.9360.1660.633.4934.6535.2335.9736.5864.6364.4464.9265.266.1113.5113.951313.2313.4428.8428.8128.8428.8228.9 --------------------172.9178.23209.53218.63222.04135.44138.66149.63153.73156.06107.39108.69110.38111.59117.75127.08134.26141.62150.14155.3 8384.3585.3386.6187.2455.1755.1759.4558.4557.7281.9985.93111.37114.78108.9948.8578.4676.5380.1376.5875.3976.7176.1483.8885.59镇江市(万人)36.8337.3238.6339.6240.57泰州市(万人)15.2415.4415.9616.2416.81宿迁市(万人)10.59.741010.2410.49温州市(万人)40.1940.5243.2744.0144.97嘉兴市(万人)21.1521.4321.8622.2222.76湖州市(万人)21.8121.922.3322.9423.85绍兴市(万人)17.9818.1418.5619.1820.53金华市(万人)14.4314.7215.1815.6916.4衢州市(万人)11.2411.4412.1312.7413.19舟山市(万人)15.4315.615.8416.2616.9台州市(万人)----18.83丽水市(万人) 6.927.077.22-7.82合肥市(万人)73.3375.2979.018286.68芜湖市(万人)42.5743.2544.2344.8345.79蚌埠市(万人)44.9245.5446.1946.8747.09淮南市(万人)70.3971.574.3175.4876.92马鞍山市(万人)30.5431.535.2336.0736.88淮北市(万人)36.6537.9243.8545.9650.62铜陵市(万人)22.823.1425.3825.7927.23安庆市(万人)25.0725.8331.0131.4231.83黄山市(万人)10.2610.4610.9511.3211.82滁州市(万人)12.5312.8613.5314.3215.48阜阳市(万人)17.9618.4519.772526.92宿州市(万人)15.1915.5717.232628.08巢湖市(万人)12.3712.6713.21-15.51六安市(万人)14.4214.6615.51-26.07亳州市(万人)10.6310.9912.1-14.22池州市(万人)-----宣城市(万人)-----安徽省其他地区-----福州市(万人)87.4889.1290.919395.23莆田市(万人)9.029.419.810.5311.27三明市(万人)16.0716.3817.3117.7818.18泉州市(万人)18.5219.0319.6420.5320.78漳州市(万人)18.1418.4218.9319.4219.96南平市(万人)19.5119.8320.1720.621.17龙岩市(万人)13.4513.8314.1621.3721.79宁德市(万人) 6.4 6.56 6.86-7.25南昌市(万人)108.61110.56111.85113.55116.87景德镇市(万人)28.1228.5228.829.1529.4萍乡市(万人)42.5643.2543.9544.5745.1741.7343.7245.464750.1751.8752.6459.7317.1517.4421.082224.0229.1130.3731.2311.8811.3911.111.5418.4519.3923.2223.5746.1947.7449.7451.2552.0953.8956.3457.3424.0124.525.2826.1527.5228.4730.0131.2824.425.5726.8229.730.7131.4734.3935.1521.1721.9722.8223.424.7228.9231.134.7317.1418.0919.1319.9620.9422.1626.2627.4313.5914.0414.3815.1115.5916.0216.5517.1817.5417.9718.5619.6320.9321.9523.225.3319.3120.0121.8523.9226.1127.6727.5288.278.54---10.5311.2812.0690.4292.9897.06100.07102.78107.5110.7111747.0947.9848.8249.5850.2351.4355.1156.747.6548.8949.6550.6251.4353.1453.9655.3377.678.481.2382.3483.3484.286.3187.7837.738.2338.7339.3240.3941.1442.0344.3553.2854.2256.2457.458.259.661.2462.9328.0728.2928.6329.2729.8330.6331.532.332.79343535.6936.2236.8637.3838.4712.0512.5112.8313.0613.714.6214.8415.0816.917.818.4718.819.520.0220.5421.1428.1729.7230.7731.9833.3333.336.2138.7328.9730.36-32.5733.7534.8635.9528.716.1727.09--29.0329.8830.7432.0626.7127.21--36.4830.731.1831.5314.5----25.0125.6425.72 -----16.1111.7912.2 -11.83---23.114.5514.83 --------98.29100.81103.42105.74108.5111.58117.22138.7312.0512.7813.6914.5115.1615.9117.0148.9518.4218.8919.2819.9220.2420.5820.7127.9521.7927.1228.2428.1929.428.0432.9949.7720.2720.9322.423.1323.724.4825.0335.6821.7722.4422.8923.0923.4223.7523.5927.2822.1622.8423.423.7424.218.8819.1729.927.397.64---8.939.1317.62119.44121.58124.31126.48129.68133.94138.65141.9830.1430.5830.9231.531.8532.243333.5546.5947.2648.3439.2539.8436.2636.3737.6363.7463.6768.1368.4665.9532.7532.7532.7531.2633.8628.6107109.17114.28116.9459.4861.7763.3664.5865.8332.5935.236.3237.1738.5937.1839.0240.1640.924242.6445.4345.946.3446.8129.0730.9931.3631.3331.3518.9519.1719.4726.4326.7526.0326.3726.6726.9527.2328.5529.0429.5329.7730.1712.312.6112.6912.7112.7124.99135.77150.28160.54166.3869.0670.7972.7995.3491.5356.4361.4962.3963.5864.8989.892.4593.2295.0297.0146.548.4849.4350.2751.1764.2965.7567.4274.7178.5832.9533.935.2237.9238.8439.5943.4945.3446.2946.6815.3717.518.2318.8619.5623.322.523.1423.8724.5240.641.7742.945.5846.9829.637.538.239.1940.0422.932.3121.0222.1321.3231.5931.3532.2532.6233.132617.2617.9318.8319.8212.1912.713.213.5613.9315.1615.4915.8916.2616.5 -----133.74-145.76-155.3238.839.6339.840.2240.7121.0221.1121.11-20.7857.6258.8161.1162.1162.830.8733.1933.8234.2736.5727.1526.3826.3526.2226.1630.2230.5530.5330.8331.0910.6711.211.811.213.45149.53155.87166.79173.75176.5933.9634.8735.736.2136.5438.5941.2641.642.7643.96九江市(万人)29.1229.7130.6631.1132.23新余市(万人)17.3518.1519.119.8822.58鹰潭市(万人)8.068.38.589.029.51赣州市(万人)22.0122.4222.8523.1823.94吉安市(万人)14.8615.0215.23-16.38宜春市(万人)15.1615.516-17.75抚州市(万人)-----上饶市(万人)13.2413.6613.95-15.44淄博市(万人)113.81116.1121.52126.95134.63枣庄市(万人)38.0841.1547.7649.9256.59东营市(万人)28.1731.1232.6134.8539.39烟台市(万人)45.2146.548.8356.5779.1潍坊市(万人)42.8545.5249.6651.4956.46济宁市(万人)26.5228.0429.8327.8738.65泰安市(万人)35.0736.4438.839.8242.86威海市(万人)12.913.0313.3514.3318.45日照市(万人)18.518.8520.2324.2930.1莱芜市(万人)24.6826.8930.0133.4737.02临沂市(万人)32.4733.0740.1541.6352.08德州市(万人)19.5519.9721.7922.7224.39聊城市(万人)19.5520.6320.8722.7423.55滨州市(万人)13.3614.4515.02-16.3菏泽市(万人)18.9320.5821.56-23.74郑州市(万人)115.97118.02119.99123.33132.37开封市(万人)50.7851.3651.9352.5853.53洛阳市(万人)75.9877.5379.4381.3986.33平顶山市(万人)41.0842.6644.9746.9651.76安阳市(万人)42.0342.7543.8544.645.84鹤壁市(万人)21.321.6322.0322.8723.65新乡市(万人)47.3848.4549.6350.7953.02焦作市(万人)40.9142.6843.644.6747.68濮阳市(万人)17.618.519.921.0123.32许昌市(万人)20.8821.3721.7722.4623.18漯河市(万人)12.6413.1615.1318.5522.68三门峡市(万人)12.0512.5813.514.9316.37南阳市(万人)24.3325.1227.1428.8737.96商丘市(万人)16.517.1317.8918.5119.62信阳市(万人)19.2519.8320.2520.5721.78周口市(万人)14.6314.6415.54-16.05驻马店市(万人)12.3212.7113.31-15.72河南省其他地区-----3334.0635.4836.1636.5837.8739.2841.1523.5524.1124.6525.0925.4427.4727.527.9210.2710.4710.8311.0711.3311.8212.2712.4624.7725.42--28.0629.530.7531.9716.6316.95---19.9320.8722.218.418.99---22.3222.9823.11 -----24.6625.5427.5215.8316.3---17.6818.2419.1139.8141.78146.02145.81145.93148.1151.4151.9365.8868.3472.3974.1471.271.0879.1573.3141.6447.148.3147.9949.450.4451.8553.9680.0982.4780.0681.8684.5592.6591.7999.1957.1958.5661.8762.1163.8867.9768.471.884343.3942.5842.7345.1148.7750.8250.745.4149.8652.2451.8153.8558.9561.5364.1221.1922.9527.3228.7931.7535.3336.7739.2932.9932.6531.3532.2234.4834.8835.9237.0337.7537.2437.7138.2838.8539.3940.1641.67 -57.1956.5856.9454.9157.359.7467.9327.872930.3231.0531.4732.8934.2536.123.6425.02-27.5329.0131.4333.7134.9618.8327.26---23.3623.423.7925.53----32.1334.4333.98135.95138.82143.18146.51151.54159.47169.24177.0854.4855.1756.0756.9357.4958.1458.7659.4991.5795.2997.84100.22101.52103.82104.32105.9854.1357.4559.5661.9763.5964.9566.3468.74749.5751.6952.853.5254.7356.1757.0824.4525.3826.2527.6828.4631.7432.333.1554.4255.9357.6758.3458.5761.3963.3264.7949.7250.9152.5453.654.6855.7857.0757.6724.6826.5227.7228.9229.3430.0130.7932.8423.9925.3726.3227.5728.2628.8729.7230.5526.3828.8930.3930.6631.3831.6732.2232.8617.1517.7218.2618.9119.4720.0420.6621.3641.1843.3145.9247.7131.7850.9752.453.1220.6522.230.9931.7949.0450.9279.0280.0222.7223.62-36.6337.2637.8338.6941.0417.6918.29---20.6521.3722.1817.0518.9---21.5822.0622.71 --------45.4945.1946.2846.9847.4329.8530.5931.1931.8632.3112.7313.0913.2413.821433.5935.2736.1936.737.4622.3222.823.323.6623.2523.7124.7724.8626.0226.5428.7329.8430.1530.9331.319.5219.920.2620.4120.75155.58156.69142.66155.74-74.3675.5776.2984.58-57.1160.0962.8464.6-102.55110.23125.81128.31-75.7979.8797.5397.66-52.8754.8654.2456.81-65.9468.1369.8269.3-41.9344.2445.2245.2-38.5440.1558.0459.84-42.3643.0249.4650.19-88.6588.93138.92139.83-37.5839.0140.9141.44-36.9438.6558.955.74-25.7228.7243.8149.42-39.8340.3767.8969.09-177.35185.37188.32193.26202.1759.359.1659.1359.2459.54106.22106.47106.51110111.0970.0771.2572.7674.7976.6265.4366.9867.9268.870.3633.8134.2834.9734.6536.7666.0391.5869.4971.1972.1262.4763.7363.7764.2464.5637.3138.3738.6840.0341.135.7436.139.1640.1540.4533.1133.143.6344.2145.2721.521.8322.0522.2622.353.4553.9152.7654.5155.5782.6284.4784.8587.8689.4843.3243.6143.9444.245.0322.3322.823.1623.8224.5223.2123.7324.8625.9926.58 -----黄石市(万人)45.7646.7647.5251.7853.84十堰市(万人)27.3828.7229.3331.0432.25宜昌市(万人)37.1638.3239.141.0442.84襄樊市(万人)41.0443.7745.847.6349.8鄂州市(万人)19.0120.2623.224.9426.27荆门市(万人)21.0522.1423.3525.5826.82孝感市(万人)16.6317.0617.8217.217.43荆州市(万人)---30.46-黄冈市(万人)---15.3-咸宁市(万人)13.6813.7314.32-16.53随州市(万人)18.2518.8623.05-27.6恩施土家族苗族自治州-----湖北省直辖行政单位-----湖北省其他地区-----长沙市(万人)111.32113.41115.74116.98119.81株洲市(万人)41.4941.8343.1745.5547.68湘潭市(万人)43.0643.9145.1146.7249.01衡阳市(万人)48.7149.6651.885354.31邵阳市(万人)24.7225.0626.3927.0427.73岳阳市(万人)30.2832.0433.9335.0137.75常德市(万人)30.1330.5631.4532.7733.68张家界市(万人)---32.779.14益阳市(万人)18.5818.8119.9320.5927.19郴州市(万人)17.8818.1818.7419.4824.31永州市(万人)8.858.879.19.4210.39怀化市(万人)12.6813.6314.4415.5416.87娄底市(万人)12.8413.4615.6-19.21湘西土家族苗族自治州-----湖南省其他地区-----韶关市(万人)3535.6437.439.3140.39珠海市(万人)16.4719.7921.2724.1230.86汕头市(万人)57.8659.5861.5467.4271.88佛山市(万人)30.3231.4932.7735.1536.85江门市(万人)23.0623.9925.5327.5329.26湛江市(万人)40.140.943.2946.3849.18茂名市(万人)17.8718.6421.1822.8324.68肇庆市(万人)19.4820.4722.1525.1427.42惠州市(万人)16.118.519.8821.8123.61梅州市(万人)13.2213.6313.9215.6917.17汕尾市(万人)10.7811.5312.1612.6814.51河源市(万人)12.0112.6113.912.0312.5755.0455.956.6156.9456.8659.659.3259.8834.1335.5537.0137.7238.4239.0739.6140.4844.4245.9347.0148.1349.4251.2763.9665.7952.4655.7157.9759.7660.9162.4163.3283.5227.7828.3429.1230.1230.5929.8232.632.5628.133.7637.1924.0125.4126.638.0338.9618.6519.1720.9722.423.1523.3923.8924.4 -70.465.9459.6960.1960.0860.5461.9226.2523.0224.224.1322.8122.92220.1211.4812.03--25.2325.8626.122.2631.5632.12---34.6634.8134.91 ------------------------122.61130.04132.43133.4139.29143.48148.93156.2248.951.6951.6752.954.2655.5456.7758.0549.9550.5250.5851.8853.0854.1555.0656.1755.2156.4157.5958.4459.2761.3281.7883.2328.5229.2430.1931.1331.8933.1933.7634.6438.8939.8943.4744.8345.9548.2651.152.2834.836.2137.4738.4439.4540.4441.6143.710.0710.8211.2411.5912.0512.212.6312.8227.6928.2429.229.730.3831.3431.8132.0725.5526.6426.8827.4327.7433.0233.4729.3725.7726.2326.9427.6728.1828.529.3429.5717.8322.2220.9322.5422.8120.6621.1521.7820.2720.93--22.7623.3823.7224.47 ----------------41.0541.1841.743.1144.1945.7646.3146.3332.8434.2835.637.1138.4640.1153.0855.8474.4577.8480.8783.1987.8289.4994.08120.1238.2839.4440.541.1141.6742.4442.94174.5330.7731.9132.6933.3233.7234.1834.556051.5254.4156.7458.8659.962.1863.7471.9726.3227.7429.2730.231.7932.6433.7645.5428.5628.8330.6631.1631.6631.8432.3235.2524.7525.7527.3728.7229.3230.1931.2635.4518.220.1828.1328.8829.0229.9823.7823.6414.6115.416.317.3417.8118.2918.522.3413.231416.2216.517.8819.7120.7624.3660.27-58.1458.8660.3341.48-46.7647.3247.5466.8868.6369.4670.2271.2684.76-94.5995.3489.4830.8931.0236.9640.5341.1239.4139.2832.4731.7234.5925.6125.7226.1826.6530.5862.263.3163.664.364.8520.5922.472323.723.9523.0623.6824.1524.3725.1436.1837373932.74 ---------------162.44168.67173.19179.89183.56 5959.1660.2659.7459.6657.5458.7457.6457.0858.487.249195.7196.6101.2535.7139.4138.6539.8840.1654.555.6185.589472.146.248.7348.5750.3150.5713.3413.9614.3814.7915.0532.5232.7933.1245.2134.137.3639.0641.4543.0144.6430.4828.4928.7431.8332.7422.4722.7623.5923.6123.7825.0625.1241.8726.6427.19 ----------48.4759.9560.3160.3960.5382.0286.1789.692.6395.69477.36480.27484.05488.12493.58343.7350.89-358.06361.08132.45133.08133.83134.7135.5872.4477.6277.51145.94147.83117.86117.65121.35124.15126.4535.7635.948.3949.3452.2461.0563.47114.47118.26122.2823.6823.5323.623.7623.8247.2845.7247.6647.9450.9628.2128.4529.0529.9329.06阳江市(万人)21.5217.6918.82425.89清远市(万人)16.461714.1916.1517.32东莞市(万人)30.8731.8632.7133.7434.55中山市(万人)27.8828.930.9932.8834.12潮州市(万人)31.3532.6120.521.9723.18揭阳市(万人)-17.5615.2616.7617.96云浮市(万人)--8.4621.3921.84南宁市(万人)72.1973.5776.5980.1682.94柳州市(万人)60.9362.0165.3567.5770.72桂林市(万人)36.4137.2437.9838.9239.89梧州市(万人)21.2521.5122.0222.8823.62北海市(万人)11.2911.6312.1212.8113.55防城港市(万人)---10.4211.19钦州市(万人)11.4612.1613.0113.5313.98贵港市(万人)11.412.5514.9324.4926.94玉林市(万人)14.4514.9916.918.0120百色市(万人)9.049.269.75-10.42贺州市(万人)-----河池市(万人)8.048.38.82-9.72来宾市(万人)-----崇左市(万人)-----海口市(万人)28.0229.7131.6134.1936.47三亚市(万人)10.2811.1311.9212.5113.16省直辖县级行政单位-----海南省其他地区-----重庆市市辖区-----重庆市属县-----自贡市(万人)39.3239.8440.7641.5743.05攀枝花市(万人)41.5542.1943.2143.7943.95泸州市(万人)26.2926.6727.2227.7428.41德阳市(万人)18.4318.9219.8221.5923.13绵阳市(万人)26.2927.0929.6331.3933.6广元市(万人)18.2218.920.412122.44遂宁市(万人)14.6115.1515.7916.3818.54内江市(万人)25.626.127.2628.5729.57乐山市(万人)34.1134.6135.8537.2638.43南充市(万人)18.0318.4619.1830.3433眉山市(万人)-----宜宾市(万人)24.124.4224.8525.5826.13广安市(万人)-----达州市(万人)-----26.8828.229.1129.5729.9130.7631.0931.4317.7618.3218.8419.3319.8720.1520.3920.4835.3836.1436.9737.8438.7339.6140.3756.2735.5736.8437.953940.4141.5842.6943.5623.7824.4725.2825.7526.0326.2926.5331.1218.4719.2919.8720.4120.8321.3621.1945.9922.2615.8216.616.817.0217.2117.220.8986.3189.4992.1295.4196.1298.74101.61103.1773.5574.9976.677.5878.2279.2581.1883.0542.1243.6945.0145.8346.9348.8151.3753.4924.2224.8325.2825.3225.4725.725.7926.1917.8418.2318.9919.6321.3222.2123.2224.0612.0411.311.6211.9412.0712.3112.8512.8814.9316.2116.7817.2417.6918.1718.619.3127.6928.3129.5329.0824.7921.2521.6822.4820.1120.8818.8319.0419.3719.5920.120.2410.7711.18-----12.69 -------12.2510.0910.4-----11.34 -------14.72 -------8.7438.5640.5842.2843.8345.4348.451.3755.1813.7114.5115.5316.1916.8217.3618.1718.65 --------------------------------44.0844.9445.8945.3746.8147.347.8548.645.6146.8647.748.8949.4950.150.2550.7429.1435.7536.3637.1837.5438.6139.4440.4624.3925.4423.9724.6425.1225.5326.227.4735.7337.4538.8939.6141.1743.0544.446.6823.1324.2324.825.7326.7427.3328.128.7319.5520.6521.6322.9225.4425.1626.6127.1530.3730.9931.6932.0832.3432.4932.6633.4639.1739.7940.1641.0441.1141.2441.6842.2235.0736.3637.8639.0641.0142.9645.5650.88 -----1313.614.0926.6927.4328.0528.829.2629.8630.5631.25 ---13.3614.3815.4916.4917.94 ----20.7621.5121.7721.7443.6144.1963.564.6865.3854.2254.3354.4455.0255.4956.8761.48459.4570.4273.6758.7659.5972.1173.7976.326.4631.0631.134.5434.7165.8366.0366.6167.5468.328.2628.3228.4728.6528.72108.97112.68127.73130.81133.4784.3585.9287.1688.9990.0755.1756.2357.3862.9161.227.4627.7628.1528.2828.4624.8425.726.4627.9827.8313.0913.5313.5713.8715.3119.8620.4719.6719.9920.623.2224.1924.1224.424.4120.0320.4820.9321.2121.5812.6912.6312.5612.6212.6213.9214.2715.2715.315.511.3511.4311.3711.6311.6315.2515.315.8116.3216.718.828.678.728.838.8476.0582.2586.4989.7791.4818.9525.1225.6226.1226.84 --------------------47.9853.9859.6960.461.2451.2752.152.4553.2353.3742.5143.6644.444.9845.928.3629.3230.3730.7832.485456.2759.461.263.3529.453030.0630.9630.8833.1833.3634.7736.0237.7934.2934.1634.0634.3934.6442.9643.5144.0545.0245.8955.0356.7157.5557.9958.3427.127.5227.5728.1929.0932.1632.9634.3934.9935.8518.9920.1421.222.2723.6322.0422.5922.623.3125.08雅安市(万人)9.8510.1110.63-11巴中市(万人)----9.79资阳市(万人)----13.05阿坝藏族羌族自治州-----甘孜藏族自治州-----凉山彝族自治州-----贵阳市(万人)101.86104.01106.45107.67113.12六盘水市(万人)36.437.0637.7639.4640.8遵义市(万人)26.1927.0827.3227.929.52安顺市(万人)17.4117.5117.8-20.56铜仁地区-----黔西南布依族苗族自治州-----毕节地区-----黔东南苗族侗族自治州-----黔南布依族苗族自治州-----昆明市(万人)112.89116.01118.12121.88124曲靖市(万人)17.8718.7820.1320.8522.01玉溪市(万人) 6.54 6.947.418.64 6.39保山市(万人) 6.44 6.73 6.9-8.27昭通市(万人)8.99.249.57-10.05丽江市(万人)-----思茅市(万人)---- 5.99临沧市(万人)-----楚雄彝族自治州-----红河哈尼族彝族自治州-----文山壮族苗族自治州-----西双版纳傣族自治州-----大理白族自治州-----德宏傣族景颇族自治州-----怒江傈僳族自治州-----迪庆藏族自治州-----拉萨市-----昌都地区-----山南地区-----日喀则地区-----那曲地区-----阿里地区-----林芝地区-----西藏其他地区-----铜川市(万人)28.0728.3228.4828.728.83宝鸡市(万人)33.7834.4535.4336.4337.9311.3811.61---12.4512.813.3311.9612.2---17.4218.7919.8213.2913.84---16.1916.817.22 ------------------------114.99118.5118121.64125.85130.49134.12136.5743.0345.3647.6350.2335.3324.325.1926.5331.0132.733.1335.136.3834.3335.2537.921.0321.62---21.1521.4221.9 ----------------------------------------126.3128.48131.73135.06146150.26154.96159.7822.823.8424.621.0721.4621.8522.5823.019.329.82-1111.0411.9112.412.668.088.37---10.9211.0811.4510.359.97----11.8812.09 ------- 6.26.13 6.56----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29.1329.3430.0330.4830.5630.8230.9637.9839.7541.3443.2944.9945.747.2348.7449.6113.5913.3214.1614.514.6521.4122.2922.6823.2724.4317.7318.3718.518.8320.17 ---------------141.09145.14147.59151.3154.9827.7728.3628.929.6630.2938.7541.2641.1841.8942.5122.0921.7721.3221.722.05 -------------------------164.39166.76170.02172.07173.4323.3123.5323.9124.3125.091313.4513.5113.5813.7111.781212.1612.4112.7211.6111.7611.4811.9812.046.1 6.3 6.47 6.74 6.98.498.658.758.99.085.04 5.13 5.23 5.32 5.69 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------38.2135.7138.5835.738.6660.151.9152.6254.0962.76咸阳市(万人)35.2136.4437.4238.5540.28渭南市(万人)14.0214.7115.3316.0917.14延安市(万人)11.3311.5911.7912.2412.68汉中市(万人)16.9917.5718.520.5319.74榆林市(万人)7.717.858.22-9.43安康市(万人)14.2214.715-15.89商洛市(万人)-----陕西省其他地区-----兰州市(万人)119.46121.99123.89125.33129.56嘉峪关市(万人)7.888.28.629.19.68金昌市(万人)10.5310.8811.3912.0612.56白银市(万人)20.4920.9321.5122.4223.54天水市(万人)24.525.0926.0126.4327.54武威市(万人)13.3113.4214.09-15.15张掖市(万人)8.388.518.8-9.64平凉市(万人)9.839.910.09-10.5酒泉市(万人)7.17.317.61-8.48庆阳市(万人)-----定西市(万人)-----陇南市(万人)-----临夏回族自治州-----甘南藏族自治州-----西宁市(万人)55.1855.6856.0956.256.98海东地区-----海北藏族自治州-----黄南藏族自治州-----海南藏族自治州-----果洛藏族自治州-----玉树藏族自治州-----海西蒙古族藏族自治州-----银川市(万人)35.5936.5137.3538.5841.29石嘴山市(万人)25.7926.1526.5926.8929.79吴忠市(万人) 6.917.057.27.417.97固原市(万人)-----中卫市(万人)-----乌鲁木齐市(万人)104.69106.93108.9110.81113.03克拉玛依市(万人)19.7620.2120.6321.0121.26吐鲁番地区-----哈密地区-----昌吉回族自治州-----博尔塔拉蒙古自治州-----41.7942.7744.8142.4543.6145.3746.5848.6718.4119.0319.1921.0121.8522.522.6623.9512.9713.0713.0813.3213.5413.9414.5815.822.0423.0621.1921.5321.922.3622.9423.69.7910.73--10.411.2612.161316.6516.87---18.218.7719.17 ------14.215.04 --------133.39137.48140.25142.97145.49148.08152.74157.6410.1510.6210.7911.4511.5712.0412.5313.9113.1613.6513.7914.214.4414.7315.7415.822424.9525.4125.8926.2726.727.4928.2528.2428.9529.5730.1630.6231.532.0332.7616.1916.87----18.9819.9410.2410.58-----15.8211.0311.64-----14.238.899.26-----12.23 -------8.64 --------------------------------57.858.6759.5260.4861.3662.4963.9365.46 --------------------------------------------------------42.4643.7745.4446.9247.649.3851.6653.2830.3530.7731.0931.3831.5731.8332.0632.228.258.51-9.229.7310.410.0711.2 -------9 --------115.34119.33121.91125.85128.67131.35135.9140.221.6121.9822.2222.5322.7222.9523.5623.79 --------------------------------49.652.1652.9554.5354.8924.1824.5125.0238.338.6816.9318.9219.620.4221.624.4124.7324.7125.2125.314.0715.513.7616.371720.2420.6720.6520.8321.2415.2815.0715.5915.5315.73 -----162.76167.44170.82172.31184.6214.3414.7315.2115.5816.1115.8315.9315.971616.428.8129.3929.9430.3430.9155.8456.657.2461.251.8419.9420.3420.7421.0121.6417.4617.2417.9318.4318.8414.6314.8614.8815.371612.0212.3312.5512.7513.298.788.989.439.7310.129.239.158.18.258.67 -8.7610.4611.0812.03 ----------88.7189.8891.8690.9872.21 -----------------------------------60.3263.5666.3771.1973.9632.6634.9535.0635.6735.6716.0316.3916.6716.8417.299.179.19.510.0610.59 -12.4812.8113.0213.37 142.03144.33150.42157.66171.9424.1724.3524.8831.9726.23 --------------------巴音郭楞蒙古自治州-----阿克苏地区-----克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州-----喀什地区-----和田地区-----伊犁哈萨克自治州-----塔城地区-----阿勒泰地区-----。

土地管理基础与法规-39(总分95,考试时间90分钟)一、判断题1. 土地供求关系是指土地经济供给与人们对某些土地用途需求之间的关系。

( )A. 正确B. 错误2. 依据土地管理法的有关规定，我国征收的新增建设用地土地有偿使用费，上缴中央的部分，由国土资源部平衡专项用于各地耕地开发；留给地方政府部分进入地方财政用于地方城市基础设施建设。

( )A. 正确B. 错误3. 地价监测点总数应综合考虑城市规模等级、建成区面积等因素确定，直辖市不应低于120个。

( )A. 正确B. 错误4. 按照《中华人民共和国物权法》的规定，居住类出让土地使用权期满可以自动续期，免交土地出让金，不必重新签订出让合同。

( )A. 正确B. 错误5. 小城市是指市区和近郊区非农业人口不满50万的城市。

( )A. 正确B. 错误6. 在漫长的社会经济活动中，土地在不断的改良活动中凝结了大量的人类活动结果。

因此，在有人类活动的地区，土地实际上是自然和人类劳动相结合的产物。

( )A. 正确B. 错误7. 土地登记的最小单元为宗地。

( )A. 正确B. 错误8. 全国土地分类系统中，一级类包括建设用地、农用地和未利用地三类。

( )A. 正确B. 错误9. 地籍是土地的户籍，因此它与其他户籍大体相同。

( )A. 正确B. 错误10. 我国土地资源现状具有土地总量多、人均占有量少、土地资源的地区分布不平衡等特点。

( )A. 正确B. 错误二、单项选择题11. 土地使用权转让价格明显低于市场价格的，( )有优先购买权。

A．省级人民政府 B．贫困地区政府C．国家军事机构 D．市县人民政府12. 土地利用计划中的中期计划一般为( )计划。

A．1年 B．3年C．5年 D．7年13. 大中型水利水电工程建设的临时用地，由( )批准。

A．所在地的村民委员会B．当地乡镇人民政府C．县级以上人民政府土地主管部门D．工程批准部门14. 甲村李某有一子一女，承包本村农地5亩，承包期内举家搬迁至镇政府所在地的小城镇居住，但仍保留农业户口。

伊犁州奎屯市2011年国民经济和社会发展统计公报伊犁州奎屯市统计局2011年，是“十二五”开局之年。

一年来，奎屯市委、市人民政府团结带领全市各族人民，坚持以现代文化为引领，以跨越发展和长治久安为中心，以区域合作为平台，深入实施环境立市、科教兴市和开放融合战略，加速推进新型工业化、商贸物流现代化和新型城镇化进程，为加快把奎屯打造成天山北坡经济带重要增长极、商贸物流中心和区域中心城市、为“十二五”时期经济社会跨越式发展和长治久安奠定了良好基础。

一、综合经济总量保持较快增长。

初步核算，全市实现生产总值91.5亿元，按可比价计算，比上年增长18%。

其中，第一产业增加值5.2亿元，增长10.6%；第二产业增加值52.2亿元，增长23%；第三产业增加值34.1亿元，增长11.8%。

三次产业比例为5.6∶57.1∶37.3。

人均生产总值60011元，按可比价计算，比上年增长17.7%，以当年平均汇率折算，人均生产总值9526美元。

居民消费品价格指数（CPI）比上年上涨5.2%。

八大类消费品价格“七升一降”，上涨的是：食品类10.6%；烟酒及用品类2.5%；衣着类2.4%；家庭设备用品及维修服务类3.9%；医疗保健和个人用品类3.6%；居住类4.3%；娱乐教育文化用品类1.3%。

下降的是：交通和通信类0.6%。

二、农业农业农村工作扎实有效。

全市（行政区，下同）完成农林牧渔业总产值84612万元，按可比价计算，比上年增长10.4%，其中，农业产值51997万元；畜牧业产值29263万元。

开干齐乡完成农林牧渔业总产值7639万元，按可比价计算，比上年增长17.6％。

农作物播种面积6.2万亩，其中，粮食2.2万亩，棉花2.7万亩，蔬菜0.2万亩。

粮食产量6714吨，棉花产量1911吨，蔬菜产量11968吨。

年末牲畜存栏0.91万头（只），牲畜出栏0.79万头（只）。

肉类总产量371吨。

三、工业和建筑业工业经济快速增长。

人口预测数据准备和预测方法说明采取单区域人口预测。

一、预测基年（2009年）人口数据的获得方法（一）分年龄、性别人口数的获得方法：1.方法一：利用"五普"数据。

A.所需基础数据：“五普”《综合数据－第三卷－年龄》，分年龄、性别的人口。

B.步骤：1.根据"五普"数据（分年龄性别人口数、分年龄性别死亡率、年龄别生育率）为依据，确定总和生育率、预期寿命、出生人口性别比、生育模式、城镇化率5个参数，用cpps预测2009年人口结构，再用2009年确定的人口，标准化处理。

得到2009年的年龄别、性别人口做为预测数据。

2 .方法二：利用pis数据。

A.所需基础数据：由省根据pis数据库资料提供人口分年龄、性别结构；2009年统计公报人口数；B.步骤：1.根据省PIS数据库提供的人口分年龄、性别结构情况，计算分性别的各年龄组人口比例。

2.用2009年统计公报人口数做基础，用“步骤一”计算的比例，标准化处理，得出2009年分年龄、性别人口做为预测数据。

（二）分年龄、性别死亡率的获得方法。

1.方法一：利用“五普”数据A.所需基础数据：分年龄、性别死亡率“五普”《综合数据－第六卷－死亡》，分性别、年龄的死亡人口状况（6-7）。

B.步骤：1.用“五普”的《分性别、年龄死亡人口》中的死亡率做死亡模式，用“五普”预测的分年龄、性别人口结构（2009年，见“分年龄、性别人口数的获得方法”）或pis的分年龄、性别人口结构（2009年）基数，计算出各性别、年龄组的死亡人数和死亡总数，再计算出粗死亡率（模拟），如果该结果和统计公报（2009年）数据接近，可以直接使用“五普”的死亡模式。

2.如果计算的粗死亡率（模拟）和统计公报（2009年）的粗死亡率差距较大，则用2009年统计公报粗死亡率拟合。

即：按照比例调整“五普”各性别、年龄死亡率，使调整后的粗死亡率（五普）和统计公报（2009年）的粗死亡率一致。

1、现代化现代化是指人类社会从工业革命以来所经历的一场急剧的变革，这一变革以工业化为推动力，导致传统的农业社会向现代工业社会的全球性大转变过程，它使工业主义渗透到政治、文化、思想各个领域，引起深刻的变化。

“现代化”，作为一个新的历史范畴和社会科学范畴，就是用来概括比“工业革命”、“工业化”、“经济发展”这些概念涉及面更广，更为持久的一个长过程而提出来的。

2、工业化a．制造业在国民经济中比重的增加。

b. 以机器生产为特征的现代工业的发展。

c. 非生物性能源在生产中使用比重的增加。

d. 资源配置主要领域由农业转向工业过程。

e.机器工业诞生以来产业结构的变动过程。

工业化（industrialization），是指工业逐渐取代农业而成为国民经济的占统治地位的生产部门，并用先进的工业技术武装农业的过程。

工业化是经济现代化的第一主题。

3、产业革命工业革命（The Industrial Revolution ），又称产业革命，发源于英格兰中部地区，是指资本主义工业化的早期历程，即资本主义生产完成了从工场手工业向机器大工业过渡的阶段。

工业革命是以机器取代人力，以大规模工厂化生产取代个体工场手工生产的一场生产与科技革命。

由于机器的发明及运用成为了这个时代的标志，因此历史学家称这个时代为“机器时代”（the Age of Machines）。

18世纪中叶，英国人瓦特改良蒸汽机之后，由一系列技术革命引起了从手工劳动向动力机器生产转变的重大飞跃。

随后向英国乃至整个欧洲大陆传播，19世纪传至北美。

4、市场化所谓市场化，是一种以市场为社会基轴的经济社会发展模式。

从根本上说，现代化是以土地为轴心的小生产经济、社会和文明向以市场为轴心的大生产经济、社会和文明的深刻变动过程。

5、新型工业化“坚持以信息化带动工业化，以工业化促进信息化，走出一条科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源得到充分发挥的新兴工业化路子。

”6、信息化信息化是指培养、发展以计算机为主的智能化工具为代表的新生产力，并使之造福于社会的历史过程。

国外高原农业概述国外主要高原有南极高原、巴西高原、伊朗高原、青藏高原、南非高原、东非高原、埃塞俄比亚高原、蒙古高原、阿拉伯高原、德干高原、中西伯利亚高原、圭亚那高原、巴塔哥尼亚高原等。

其中除了南极高原因为环境地理因素还未进行农业发展之外，其余高原都根据其地理、气候等环境和在政府指导下进行农业的发展。

我们根据不同洲际区域高原分类对国外高原农业发展做出分别的探析。

1、亚洲高原伊朗高原伊朗高原是亚洲西南部的高原地带，地处南亚、印度洋的阿拉伯海、波斯湾、阿拉伯半岛、高加索、里海、中亚与帕米尔高原之间，其地域范围包括伊朗全部及阿富汗、巴基斯坦部分地区。

东西长2500千米，南北宽1500千米，面积约270万平方千米。

内部地势起伏不大，海拔1000～1500米，多山间盆地，其间盐沼、荒漠广布。

绝大部分地区属亚热带大陆性草原和沙漠气候，冬夏温差大、雨量少。

河、湖两岸零星散布的绿洲是高原主要人口聚居地，发展灌溉农业和畜牧业，主要生产小麦、甜菜、葡萄和绵羊。

伊朗高原包括整个伊朗国家，阿富汗与巴基斯坦只占部分地区，由于后两者在政治、社会等不稳定因素，我们选择伊朗作为我们研究伊朗高原农业发展的对象。

农业总体概述农业在伊朗高原中占有重要地位。

伊朗农耕资源丰富，截至2007年底，全国可耕地面积超过5200万公顷，占其国土面积的30%以上，已耕面积1800万公顷，其中可灌溉耕地830万公顷，旱田940万公顷。

农业人口占总人口的43%，农民人均耕地5.1公顷。

农业机械化程度较低，其综合收割机与拖拉机保有量分别仅为1.2万台和30万台。

目前粮食不能自给自足，每年需进口大量食品。

农业主产区集中在里海和波斯湾沿岸平原地带。

大部分地区干旱缺水，2008年人均拥有淡水资源约为2000平方米。

2008财年，伊朗全国各类农作物产量突破1亿吨大关，农业产值占全国GDP总量的20%以上，农耕务工人员约为全国劳动力总量的30%。

伊朗高原农作物发展状况伊朗高原的农作物主要有小麦、大麦、玉米、水稻等，主要经济作物有棉花、甘蔗、水果、蔬菜及茶叶。