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1、"We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disag reement can cause stress and inhibit learning." 1．我们通常从和我们意见统一的人那里学到的东西比从和我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多的多；意见分歧阻碍了学习。
Although we can learn knowledge from people whose views we share, the knowledge is limited, since the sphere of knowledge of the people who share the same opinion are confined to same level of cognition with us.It will be quite different if we communicate with people whose views contradict to ours.Admitted that, it is little harder or even bitter to accept opposite views for us due to our self-assertion is impaired caused by other‟s challenge.2、"Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society." 2．竞争对社会的好处大于坏处。
Through competing, the one who is most eligible is put on the right place, and then will produce much more values than those who are not competent as he or she.While, on the other hand, if a competition is fraught with adulteration and illegality, it will bring deterioration to the society rather than progress. A case in point is related to market economics.3."It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations." 3．我们应该把更多的钱用在当前的问题上，而不是用在可能有助于我们后代的长期的研究项目上。
智 课 网 G R E 备 考 资 料新GRE写作issue题库之教育篇【翻译+提纲】（一）-智课教育旗下智课教育下文中小编为同学们分享了新GRE写作issue题库之教育篇【翻译+提纲】，供同学们参考学习，之前小编也为大家分享了很多新GRE写作i ssue方面的内容，同学们可以总结在一起学习。
如下就是小编为同学们分享的学习篇的新GRE写作issue题库，同学们平日里可以多多阅读，加以积累，形成自己的写作思路，时间长了G RE写作水平一定会有所提高。
6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (老题库5)在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
14 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
96 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
116 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
反对1. On the one hand, a national curriculum contributes to preserving a unified national culture and national cohesion.2. Furthermore, a general curriculum decided by authority rather than by local schools avoids limiting students to a narrow scope of knowledge too early.3. On the other hand, in a multi-cultural society, different ethnic communities should be given the opportunity to preserve and promote their traditional cultures.4. It’s beneficial to grant local schools the freedom to offer students some elective courses, which can help the school to build its unique culture charisma.1. 为培养一个人生存所必备的能力，使学生获得起码的知识水平与思想，国家需要制定统一的必修课。
关于issue作文重点题目和提纲拿到一个题目后，我们不要忙于去写，一定要先对题目进行详细的分析。
通过题目我们知道主要论证的是intelligence的作用，因此，智力是这个题目最关键的突破点。
A. 无可否认的，智力因素在各个领域都很重要，无论是自然科学还是社会科学。
(论据1)Undoubtedly, intelligence plays an important role in many realms, including the natural science and the social sciences.B.要想成功光靠智力是远远不够的，还有很多的因素如勤奋、勇敢等。
(论据2)Intelligence by itself is not enough for one to sueed; many other factors such as diligence and courage must be taken into consideration.C.应该在此二者之间寻求平衡，即将两者结合起来。
We should strive for a balance between intelligence and emotion, that is, bine them with each other.Position: Intelligence is sufficient in some cases but not in any case.1、In scientific studies regarding the physical world, we should depend only on intelligence for discovering and testing truths.2、However, in the realm of human affairs, we have to use both our intelligence and our hearts for solving problems.3、Sometimes our intuition can give us valuable assistance in making a judgment.。
issue课堂讲义更新时间： 2008-8-20 来源：点击数： 3481Analysis of an issueIssue题目的分类方法：▪按题材▪按题目表述的抽象程度▪按核心思想▪按文章的论证结构Issue preparing steps1，找题目主题词确定主题分类；找主题限定词启发论证思路2，Free writing / Brain storming（列每类主题大提纲）；3，针对具体题目提炼细节提纲Example : Category C(+) Benefits of technology improvement:▪makes our lives more efficient;▪improves our living standard;▪frees people from repetitive and boring works;(--) Harmful effects of technology improvement:▪Traffic jam, pollution, accidents;▪impairs personal privacy;▪adversely affects quality of living;As Roger Waters put it, “ I’ve got thirteen channels of shit on the TV to choose from.”----- Pink Floyd, The Wall“Nobody Home”▪unstable and unsafe▪unemploymentBasic structure of a whole essay:▪开头段introductory paragraph; 2-3句▪正文段body paragraphs; 2-4段，每段4-10句▪结尾段conclusion; 2-3句Basic structure of an outline:▪Intro: Core statement;▪Body: Topic sentences;Reasoning/ExplanationExample▪Conclusion: Conclusion sentence抽象类题目和具体类题目:▪抽象类题目的应对策略：以偏概全，举典型情况How to write the introductory paragraph▪Basic requirement: Brevity▪全文核心：Core statement (position)▪Core statement的位置：End focus不好的开头写法:▪以问句结束开头；▪空洞，模糊的开头；常用开头写法:⏹B+P: Background + Position, 背景+立场⏹C+P；Controversy + Position, 矛盾+立场Examples: 11, 25, 26, 31,41, 99, 103, 112, 131, 164, 190⏹Q+A+P；Question + Answer + Position, 问题+回答+立场Examples: 36, 49, 114, 121, 127, 183,184⏹E+P；Example + Position, 例子+立场118. "Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."Paul Ehrlich, a chemist, discovered a drug to treat thoseafflicted with syphilis. It was named “ Formula 606”, because the first 605 tests were mistakes. The lesson we can drawfrom this story is clear and simple: discovery or progress isoften born in mistakes.⏹P+E；Position + Explanation, 立场+概述理由（提纲型开头）Examples: 17, 136, 196⏹O+P；Old – saying + Position, 格言+立场开头常用词汇:⏹表示正评价，同意作者观点动词：share in common, justify, vindicate名词：agreement with, compatibility with, harmony with形容词：appropriate, proper, apt, suitable, justifiable, reasonable副词：略⏹表示负评价，不同意作者观点形容词：inappropriate, improper, unapt, unsuitable, unjustifiable, unreasonable 动词：contradict, oppose, argue against, disapprove名词：contradiction, discord, disharmony, friction⏹表示争论，悬而未决让步：concede, admit, grant尚未有定论：at stake, in question, at risk, at issue⏹表示某人有某观点in sb’s viewpoint/ point of view/ standpoint/ position from sb’s view/ angleto sb’s mind, for sb’s part,as far as sb is concerned▪引述他人描述according to▪他人观点：idea, concept, issue正文结构类型▪直线型（完全赞成/完全反对）▪有倾向观点▪平衡结构没有本质区别，就在于正面与负面论证所占比例Basic structure of a body paragraph:▪Topic Sentence 主题句▪Explanation / Reasoning (why)▪Example 举具体例证▪反证句▪反证句的原因分析▪反证句例证▪Paragraphic Conclusion 段落总结句How to use an example▪To give an example and its definition▪Illustrations主题句的语言问题▪位置：正文段第一句；▪尽量使用后置修饰语；▪One reason in one paragraph;▪Coherence with the core statement引导主题句的标志语言▪并列：On the one hand / on the other (hand);For one thing / for another (thing);In one sense / in another (sense);In the first place / in the second place▪递进：Further / furthermore;Moreover, besides, what is more,In addition, additionally, also, stillNot only…but (also)▪转折：It is true, it is correct, of course;No doubt, undoubtedly;Do, may, seem, appear, sound;Admittedly, grantedly, granted that;Concede, admit, acknowledge+ however, but, yet, nonetheless, nevertheless, on thecontrary, on the other hand反证句的写法Unless A, B;If not A, then B (negative effect)cannot, do not, fail to do, misconsider, misinterpret, misevaluateoverestimate, overemphasize, overstateunderestimate, oversimplifyneglect, overlook, ignoreunnecessarily, unfairly结尾段的语言In conclusion, to sum up,in summary;all in all, on the whole,simply put ( in one word)obviously, understandably, accordinglyBasic structure of a conclusion paragraph:▪Reprise of the core statement▪Explanation▪反证针对不同题目类型的论证结构▪比较型Comparison;▪推理型Reasoning;▪问题解决型Solution;▪观点型Claim比较型论证Comparison题目标志语言：More than, less than, better than, worse than;A rather thanB (A>B);Instead of B, A (A>B);Prefer A to B (A>B)审题要点：▪通过主题词确定A、B双方；▪看清题目倾向基本论证思路：分别分析A和B的正负优劣做出自己的比较判断Example : A, 227▪A: existing social problems▪(+) Why: immediate: The solving of some existing problems is urgent and critical for the survival of a society.▪(--) Why: Overemphasis of some existing problems could cause harmful effects.▪B: long term research▪(+) Why: help future generation:The investment for long –term research is of great importance for the development of a society in the long run.▪(--) Why: controversial, unclear: The consequences of some research are unclear.推理型论证Reasoning题目标志语言：Because (of), since, for, :, ; Thus, hence, therefore; Conclude, conclusion, conclusive; Consequent (ly), consequence; Result in (from), lead to, lie in;审题要点：▪分清论据和结论；▪看清推理关系基本论证思路：▪(+) 分析A→ B的合理之处；▪(--)▪釜底抽薪，直接质疑论据（A不成立）；▪拆桥，质疑推理关系；▪指出如果过分夸大B的不良后果▪Example : A, 101, 222(+) Why:⏹The extinction of some species has nothing to do with human activities.⏹The protection of some species is beyond human capability.⏹Some urgent problems of human society may have higher priority than to save endangeredspecies, and need greater cost in money and jobs.(--)▪釜底抽薪，直接质疑论据（A不成立）；Some extinctions are caused by human activities, directly or indirectly.▪Human activities → pollution → ecological balance → climate → survival of human and other species▪拆桥，质疑推理关系；Although some species became naturally extinct, human society still has the responsibility to save those species.▪Genesis 1:28, And God blessed them, and God said unto them, be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over thebirds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.▪指出如果过分夸大B的不良后果Some species possess great value to human race, some of whichare not realized by human yet.问题解决型论证Solution题目标志语言：The way to …, should, through, by审题要点：▪找出题目要解决的问题；▪找出topic solution基本论证思路：▪(+) 分析topic solution的合理之处；(--)▪指出topic solution的局限性、不合理之处；▪给出other solutionsExample : B, 230(+) Why:⏹Youth make up a great proportion in the general population.⏹Fashion culture is best represented by the trends of youth.(--) Other solutions⏹Mainstream culture: adults, seniors: Adults and seniors are the primary producer of fortune,and are also the primary consumer of mainstream culture.Example 2 : B, 234, 52Characteristics of American society:⏹Business society: The business of American is to do business⏹Racial diversificationWASP: White Anglo- Saxon Person (Puritan);Afro – American;Hispanic;Asian – American⏹American history观点型论证Claim题目标志：⏹仅一句话，且为判断句⏹没有出现前三种题目的标志词汇基本论证思路：(+)⏹分析题目观点的合理之处；⏹分析作者得出此观点的理由，欲擒故纵(--) 分析题目观点本身不合理之处，有条件时当作推理型题目论证：▪釜底抽薪，直接质疑理由；▪拆桥，质疑推理关系；▪指出题目观点在某些场合的不良后果Example : B, 232(+) Why (or under what circumstances) would public expect political leaders to withhold information?▪Benefits: Authority▪Necessity: To avoid unnecessary disturbance or panic(--)▪指出如果过分夸大B的不良后果Extreme information → extreme power → corruption, autarchyExample : B, 40(+) Reason: Why would media and society expect an individual to speak for a particular group?▪Benefits: political and economical▪Necessity: cost(--)▪指出观点本身的缺陷：Since every one could have more than one identification, it is unreasonable to expect any individual to speak for any single particular group.▪Also, individual opinion usually could not represent the view of an entire group.B, 69(+) Special social and historical circumstance and demands are fundamental condition for the creation of a great leader.(--) Other solutionsFor a leader to be successful, many other essential characteristics are needed.▪Knowledge: → broad vision → great target▪Justice▪courage, broad-mindedness, organization skillsB, 73, 136, 142, 116Choice is an illusion created between those with power and those without.---- The Matrix Reloaded ▪Individual responsibility:▪Material▪Spiritual▪IntellectualC, 68▪Family patterns:▪Extended family▪Nuclear family▪Single family / divorced family▪DINK(--) Some aspects of social customs and ethics are not changed along with technology improvements.C, 129(+) Benefits of eco-tourism:▪To raise the fund for environmental protection▪Publication(--) Drawbacks of topic solution:Large scale development of tourism could cause harmful effects.▪Constructions▪Pollution(--) Other solutions▪Government funding▪Social institutions写作语言问题Basic requirement: Variety词汇▪避免重复，同义词近义词替换原则；Significant, radical, critical, essential, fundamental, cardinal;Of great (sovereign) importance▪尽量使用具体词汇专用词汇原则，避免使用抽象通用词汇；▪注意词汇的搭配句式结构：常用句式变化▪双重否定句；▪同位语；▪后置修饰语用于正文段主题句用于修改文章▪插入语；表示论证的前提条件：if (it occurs) at all; if (there is) any; if (sth is indeed) necessary; if ever The government should make, if any, restrictions on the arts.表示递进推理：if so表示取非：if not▪被动句；▪三大重点句型：让步语气；倒装句；强调句语言注意事项▪尽量使用非人称主语原则；形式主语：it is widely claimed that…There be: there is a controversy over …第三人称泛指Unless one person undertakes more than he possibly can do, he will never do all he can do.▪词义替换原则；▪避免使用极端词汇原则；最高级词汇：频率最高级：always, never, no, all the time, forever顺序最高级：first, paramount, supreme唯一性词汇：only, unique, exclusive, sole (ly)感情色彩词汇：过分肯定词汇：perfect, outstanding, extreme, absolute, total, complete, thorough过分贬低词汇：reproach, condemn, curseironically, surprisingly▪长短句结合原则；You have no idea what I’m talking about, I’m sure.You will someday.---- The American BeautyErnest Hemingway once wrote: “ The world is a fine place, and worth fighting for.”I agree with the second part.---- Se7en ▪体会练习句型演变D题库：理性与感性Rational:▪Objective, reason, logic, rational, plan, discover, invent Emotional:▪Subjective, Passion, Emotion, Inclination: bias, prejudice, desire, hope, Intuition, Hunch, CreationRational and emotional:▪Natural science▪Business▪JurisprudenceD, 196(--) Some important discoveries are based on laborious works, not accidental.▪Absolutely, Edison knew thousands more ways of making a bulb that would not light than you and me know.F, 48(+) Benefits: A shortcut to become famous quickly: to upset old authority▪Necessity:▪Some theories will become out of date;▪Some theories have inherent drawbacks(--)▪指出如果过分夸大题目观点的不良后果▪The primary goal: Development and Progress;▪Avoid vicious challengeF，241(+) Why:⏹Disobedience of law is a sublime virtue under certain circumstances;(--) Problems of topic solution⏹How to define just and unjust?People may have different criterion in their judgment.▪may result in social disturbance and chaos(--) Other solutions▪Legislation Amendment▪Mass mediaIssue preparing strategies1，复习课上所讲内容，把握文章结构，论证过程，论证语言，整理文章基本结构语言；2，熟读题目；3，列提纲：分类题库大提纲和具体题目细节提纲；4，全文练习；5，修改文章：self – correction, peer – correction6，模考；7，考前2-3天：把提纲、模板全部过一遍；改最后一遍文章8，广泛阅读。
学习类1(1). "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."通常，我们从与我们意见相同的人身上学到的要比从那些与我们意见相悖的人身上学的东西要多得多；（因为）意见不统一会带来压力并且阻碍学习。
（与我们）持相同意见者和持不同意见者对学习的作用Topic：虽然从某种程度上来讲，不同意见会给我们带来压力，但这不是理由，我们从与我们意见相同的人身上学到的要比从那些与我们意见相悖的人身上学的东西要多得多；1）我们很难从观点与我们相同或相似的人那儿获得新知识和受到启发。
2）相反，我们能从与我们观点相悖的人身上获取新视野，从而找到解决问题的方法eg 与此同时，我们能从与我们观点相悖的人身上发现自身的不足eg3）历史告诉我们，无论是对个人还是社会，主要是通过不同意见的争论来获取进步，向前发展的。
4）诚然，不同意见会给我们带来压力，但正是这种压力才更好的促使我们去思考。
.2(4). "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."在任何一个研究领域当中，除非有该领域之外的人引进他们的知识和经验，否则该领域就很难获得巨大的发展。
Outsider: a person does not belong to a particular group闭门造车，旁观者清Topic：同意，知识领域的重大进展依赖于各学科的知识和经验，甚至能创造出一个新的学科。
Issue 范文分析笔记-----根据issue范文大全注解：Issue分析：重点句子后加详解Issue分析：好的常用表达Issue分析：生词Issue分析：会引用的句子或者例子----素材Issue分析：Issue分析：一、P4---issue3Issue 3"A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."关键词：1）情态词：should require；2）绝对用语：all；same；3）表对立观点：rather than；The speaker would prefer a national curriculum for all children up until college instead of allowing schools in different regions the freedom to decide on their own curricula.（对issue观点的同意改写）I agree insofar（在。
的范围；在。
情况下）as some common core curriculum would serve useful purposes for any nation. At the same time, however, individual states and communities should have some freedom to augment any such curriculum as they see fit; otherwise, a nation's educational system might defeat its own purposes in the long term.第一段：给出同义转述issue话题，然后摆出观点：Partly agreement。
官方范文Issue部分SAMPLE 1"Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing."题目分析：1，关键词： technological tools, uses, loneliness2，限定词： both, development, modern civilizations, ever increasing 3，逻辑类型： is 型关键词：告诉你这篇文章让你写些什么，抓住了，你的文章大的思路就正确了。
限定词：这是将文章写“准”的基本前提，有的题目比较长，题目本身就有限定词，比如这道题。
但有的题目很短，这样就增加了难度，因为需要你自己去给他限定，不然就会写的很宽泛，这和写论文一个思路，如果要写的准写的有深度，宽泛便是大忌，这样的题目范文里也有，后期我会详细说明。
逻辑类型：这个是最最重要，也是最最容易被大家搞不清楚的，而不幸的是，如果这里没有把握准确，文章则会全盘皆输，成功进入答非所问的境界，rater边看边说，wow，what are you talking about? 这样就有些尴尬了。
Ok ,关于这三点具体在本文的体现，我会在文后详细说明，不在这里说，是为了不影响大家的思路，大家看文章的时候先自己体会。
在文章中寻找这三点，也许你会有比我更深刻的发现。
请先不要翻到后面看，自己对文章有个整体的把握是理解的前提。
Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. Ever since Erg the caveman first conked an animal with a rock, people have been using technology. For thousands of years, the use of tools allowed people to move ever closer together. Because fields could be cultivated and the technology to store food existed, people would live in cities rather than in small nomadic tribes. Only very lately have Erg's descendants come to question the benefits of technology. The Industrial Revolution introduced and spread technologies that mechanized many tasks. As a result of the drive toward more efficient production and distribution (so the ever larger cities would be supported), people began to act as cogs in the technological machine. Clothing was no longer produced by groups of women sewing and gossiping together, but by down-trodden automation's operating machinery in grim factories.我标出的这些并不是什么好词好句，当然我不否认写的很精彩，但是我标出来的在于强调他们题目中关键词和限定词的完美回应。
ISSUE新题库翻译&重题合并&范文GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay T opic - 003 / 035 / 037Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
Position:有保留的反对不同意作者的观点，人应该按照自己的理想和兴趣选择自己的学习方向；但是有些时候教师的建议，也是值得考虑的。
1、由于老师不可能对每个人的性格特点都了解清楚，所以对一个学生未来职业的选择的建议也不一定是客观的。
2、就算老师很了解一个人的特点，但是人是会变的。
通过在学习过程，不断改变自己，很有可能把那么自己不是原来不是很擅长但是很喜欢的工作做好。
3、但是，老师毕竟经验比较丰富，做出的判断也往往是合适的。
所以，我们应该多听听老师的意见，然后加上自己的思考，作出自己的选择。
General statement:教育机构对学生的未来负有责任，应该尽可能的去帮助学生取得成功。
Thesis statement:帮助学生取得成功是教育机构的责任。
但是教育机构在帮助学生的过程中，应该更多的考虑学生自己对兴趣和对未来的选择，提出建议而不是力劝学生离开他们认为不可能成功的领域。
Development: 教育机构对学生的未来富有责任。
教育机构很难以区分某些学生在某些领域是不太可能取得成功的。
某些领域，可能目前来看不是成功的领域，但是若干年以后可能成功。
应该更多的考虑学生自己的兴趣。
兴趣才是成功的关键。
Giving a few second on interesting matter is better the spending an hours for boring issue”. It’s human’s tendency to work attentively and alertly on the issue which is of his interest and keeping him self away from annoying topic, even if it has been suggested and advised by many people. Interest and likeness of person matters a lot in his life.Every one likes to work in the field of interest and if we talk about students then they prefer the subject and faculty of their interest. In case of some students, they get confused in deciding that what is of their interest and what they choose for they expertisment. Availability of many option leads to this short of situation.After completing the secondary school education, it become very tough for students to select their main subject as a career option. As in their previous study there may be more then one subjects in which they are interested. So in this stage many influences effects on their thinking. What their colleagues are selecting as their field of further study, advices from parents and other relatives etc. take them to divert from their field of interest and catch up in any regardless field.This is where the Educational institution can come in picture and helps out the future of the country. Teachers and professors in education institutes has better vision to understand the interest of the students and guide them in proper way. And it has been reviewed that students consider their teachers advices more compare to other.Every one knows that “youth is the power of country”. To guide them in proper way is essential requirement for each country. If one intelligent student enters in the filed in which he should not be then he can not bring out from that situation and put him in proper place. In that case he works, but not with heartand interest. And this mistake become mater of repentance for him for whole life. And no gain in the development of the country become possible from him.So it is crucial for Educational institutes to help out student to lead them in appropriate future. There must be separate department in each institute to handle this stuff of guiding the students with highly qualified teachers. They should arrange Vocational guidance session to let the student to understand the filed of their interest and get information about there likeness. They must set arrangement to keep the students from being away from influences and listening words off heart towards their likeness. It also requires to give training to the teachers for this purpose.Without Acquiring the youth of country in proper manner, progress of the country is not possible And Educational institutes are the main source to lead the student in the field of their interest and likeness. So they have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay T opic - 006 / 014 / 096 / 116A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
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Issue写作范文详细解析Issue"The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."观点陈述型作文/[题目]"被置于媒体审视下的任何人，其名誉终将受毁损。
"Sample EssayThe intensity of todays media coverage has been greatly magnified by the sheer number and types of media outlets that are available today. Intense competition for the most revealing photographs and the latest information on a subject has turned even minor media events into so-called "media frenzies". Reporters are forced by the nature of the competition to pry ever deeper foran angle on a story that no one else has been able to uncover. With this type of media coverage, it does become more and more likely that anyone who is subjected to it will have his or her reputation tarnished, as no individual is perfect. Everyone makes mistakes. The advances in technology have made much information easily and instantaneously available. Technology has also made it easier to dig further than ever before into a persons past, increasing the possibility that the subjects reputation may be harmed.[范文正文]当今媒体报道的力度，由于当今时代所能获得的媒体渠道那前所未有的数量和种类，从而被极大地增强。
