新GRE_Issue题库——带编号

题库1题目：As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.Spelling a common word like asthma correctly can be a little bit difficult for not a few people these days, although they think they can do it but actually they can't. What should take the blame of this awkward phenomenon is that the overusing of high-tech devices, whose auto correction typing function offers people no necessity to type words correctly but just approximately. Cases like this are increasingly happening, thus some people jumps into a conclusion that technology has impacted the human’s ability of thinking. Is that true?Technology never fails to benefit our lives, but with the convenience and simplicity it brings to us,it do have caused damage to people’s thinking ability. Many products of technology are doing work for people as the substitutes of human minds, preventing their minds from thinking about simple and needless problems again and again. Due to the fact that human beings tend to be indolent, as soon as a new method of none mind-consuming is invented to solve certain problems, the old, mind-consuming ones are discarded. After years of alienating the old methods, which usually include fundamental knowledge of the relevant problems, people are losing their ability of thinking of these problems.For example, before the invention of compass, determining orientation was not easy, for people had to take sunlight, the position of certain stars at night or even the level of exuberance of plants into consideration to finish the work. However, things were quite different after compass was invented, because all people have to do to complete the former complicated job was to simply take a look at the compass, so that it would be unnecessary for them to keep the sunlight, stars or plants knowledge in mind. As a consequence, people have been relying on the device so much and so long and they lost the ability of thinking of the problem in theold ways.Well, people’s relying on technology only deteriorate part of their thinking abilities, the part that people use to solve the problems they no longer need to, yet it frees people’s minds at the same time. Technology provides more time, space and convenience for human to let them think about more sophisticated problems that technology itself cannot solve, such as the ones related to philosophy and aesthetics. For instance, in the procedure of designing a new building by an architect,it would be an enormous project to manually compute every detail in the whole building such as the load-bearing of every girder, the thickness of every wall and the size of every column. But computer software can rescue the architect from the mass and intricate work of computing, giving the results in need instantly and accurately. Thus, the architect could be more focus on what the computer software cannot compute and what is more worth thinking, like the collocation of space of the building and the artistic value of the facade and he no longer need to worry about trifles like weather the girder can bear the given weight.Now we can answer the question asked at the very start. It is true that human’s thinking ability has been impaired by their relying on technology to solve problems, but just in particular ways. What’s more essential is that it also promote the ability to think about more abstruse problems.。

每種寫作指示之撰寫要領不同，可針對這六類各挑幾題來練習。

I. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. (54/149)1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. (1)2. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. (1)9. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field. (1)11. People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. (1)17. Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. (1)18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.21. Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.24. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. (1)26. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people. (1)33. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.34. In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.38. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.41. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.42. Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.43. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. (1)45. Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education. (1)53. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable. (1)55. In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people. (1)56. Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another. (1)57. The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times. (1)58. Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone. (1)62. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them. (1)63. There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species. (1)64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds. (1)66. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it. (1)71. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. (1)74. Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. (1)75. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. (1)76. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. (1)77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth. (1)78. People’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situatio n or surroundings than by society as a whole. (1)91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that they have more leisure time. (1)93. Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image. (1)101. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too oftendistract from real learning. (1)103. The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things. (1)106. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge. (1)107. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. (1)108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field. (1)112. Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated. (1)114. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little. (1)115. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve. (1)116. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (1)117. It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultur al traditions are generated and preserved. 118. We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. (1)119. When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings. (1)124. All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (1)137. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. (1)141. It is more harmful to compromise one’s own beliefs than to adhere to them. (1) 143. No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field. (1)144. True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself. 146. The best test of an argument is the argument’s ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. (1)147. The effectiveness of a country’s leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country’s citizens. (1)II. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position. (24/149)3. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. (1)4. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. (1)13. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study. (1)15. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. (1)29. The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. (1)30. Teachers’ salaries should be based on their students’ academic performance. (1)32. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. (1)65. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws. (1)84. It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. (1) 94. The effectiveness of a country’s leaders is best measured by e xamining the well-being of that country’s citizens. (1)95. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children’s schools. (1)96. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (1)97. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (1)99. People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. (1) 104. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. (1)110. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field. (1)111. In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. (1)122. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. (1)123. The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition. 126. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge. (1)127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people. (1)136. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. (1)145. The general welfare of a nation’s people is a better indication of that nation’s greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. (1)148. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state. (1)III. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (19/149)5. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated. (1)8. Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership. (1)22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society’s highest ideals. (1)40. Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students. Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying. (1)44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished. (1)49. Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own. Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning. (1)70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s major field of study. Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academicdisciplines is the best way to become truly educated. (1)79. Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea. (1)87. Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future. Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate. (1)88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people’s basic needs are not being met. (1)89. Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people’s hearts or minds. (1)105. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes. (1)113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people. (1)120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: Great achievements by a nation’s rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation’s people. (1)131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application. Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty. (1)133. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past. (1)134. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both. (1)139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts. Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public. (1)142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students. Reason: Collegestudents—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. (1)IV. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position. (24/149)6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (1)19. Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future. (1)23. Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development. (1)25. Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students. (1)36. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. (1)37. Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents. (1)39. College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs. (1)46. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study. (1)47. Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them. (1)48. Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. (1)50. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve. (1)51. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. (1)52. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. (1)54. In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types ofimaginative literature. (1)59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people. (1)60. Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals. (1)61. People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences. (1)80. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. (1)81. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their chi ldren’s schools. (1)82. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (1)83. Teachers’ salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students. (1) 90. Educators shoul d take students’ interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach. (1)92. Educators should base their assessment of students’ learning not on students’ grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.(1)129. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. (1)V. Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. (16/149)7. Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. (1)16. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. (1)20. Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. (1)67. Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species. (1)68. Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. (1)69. Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed. (1)85. Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people. (1)86. Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment. (1)109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized. (1)121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people. (1)125. Some people claim that a nation’s government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain. (1)128. Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others. (1)130. Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible. (1)132. Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another. (1) 138. Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of reallearning. (1)140. Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outs ide the student’s field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields. (1)VI. Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position. (12/149)10. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain. (1)12. Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition. (1)14. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (1)31. Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities. (1)35. Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. (1)72. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. (1)73. Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. (1)98. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. (1)100. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (1)102. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study. (1)135. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. (1)149. In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should be required to step down after five years. (1)。

千里之行，始于足下。

202X年新GRE写作Issue题库中英文对比及分类整理完全版以下是202X年新GRE写作Issue题库中英文对比及分类整理：1. Education- Issue 1: The best way to teach is to praise positive actionsand ignore negative ones.中文：最好的教学方式是赞扬乐观行为，忽视消极行为。

- Issue 2: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside their major field of study.中文：高校应要求每个同学修读多种专业以外的课程。

- Issue 3: The primary purpose of education should be to teach critical thinking skills.中文：教育的主要目的应当是教授批判性思维力量。

- Issue 4: Government funding for education should prioritize STEM fields over humanities and social sciences.中文：政府对教育的资助应将重点放在STEM领域，而不是人文社科领域上。

2. Technology- Issue 5: Technology is making people less creative.中文：科技正在减弱人们的制造力。

- Issue 6: Technology is necessary for the future of education.中文：科技对于教育的将来是必不行少的。

- Issue 7: The government should regulate the use of personal technology devices in public places.第1页/共3页锲而不舍，金石可镂。

GRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUEGRE英语作文分类题库—ISSUE一、教育类1. A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.2. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.3. Insgroupsto improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.4. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.5. Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.6. It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.7. Some educational systems emphasize the development of students'capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.8. It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.9. How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not。

英语考试作文新GRE写作ISSUE题库中英文对照及分类整理之法律保护类虽然新GRE考试的官方机构ETS在官方上公开了写作部分的题库，但由于其数量众多，考生要全部练习一遍相当费时费力。

对于官方题库，如何使用才能最大程度的节约复习时间提高复习效率?为大家整理了其中ISSUE类作文题目，并根据编号进行了中英文对照和分类，希望能对各位考生的作文复习有所帮助。

新GRE考试ISSUE题库中英对照分类整理(法律类题目)21 Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.法律应该根据不同的环境、时期和地点而足够灵活。

65 Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，违抗不公平的法律。

新GRE考试ISSUE题库中英对照分类整理(保护类题目)题目编号：10/125/148题目内容：保留原生态地区10 Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.国家应该通过法令保护任何存留的原生态地区保持原状，即便这些地区可以用作商业开发。

125 Some people claim that a nation’s government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.有些人认为，国家应该通过法令保护任何存留的原生态地区保持原状。

英语考试作文新GRE写作ISSUE题库中英文对照及分类整理之教育类虽然新GRE考试的官方机构ETS在官方上公开了写作部分的题库，但由于其数量众多，考生要全部练习一遍相当费时费力。

对于官方题库，如何使用才能最大程度的节约复习时间提高复习效率?为大家整理了其中ISSUE类作文题目，并根据编号进行了中英文对照和分类，希望能对各位考生的作文复习有所帮助。

新GRE考试ISSUE题库中英对照分类整理(教育类题目)题目编号：3/35/37/137题目内容：阻止学生不太可能成功的研究3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。

35 Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely tosucceed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。

37 Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。

137 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。

五科技类1. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increasepeople’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time.2. Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even whenthe results of that research are controversial.3. Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so.Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition ofhumanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us.Technology cannot change the condition of humanity.4. When research priorities are being set for science, education, or anyother area, the most important question to consider is : How many people’slives will be improved if the results are successful.5. The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of arts is to upset.Therein lies the value of each.6. Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten ordamage the quality of life.7. Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usuallywhile seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer toanother.六传媒类1. In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it oncewas. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by readingbooks.2. The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy aproduct so that they will ‘be like’ the person in the ad. This practiceis effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feelbetter about themselves.3. Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can nowbecome familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As aresult, tourism will soon become obsolete.4. High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail andtelevision, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.5. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for asociety to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone whois subjectied to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.七社会类1. Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology,fortune-telling, andpsychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfyinghuman needs that are not addressed by mainstream science.2. Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect-that is, onreasoning and other cognitive skills.3. It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement thatwe become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no referencepoints to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated.4. At various times in the geological past, many species have becomeextinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, thereis no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especiallyat a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.5. The absence of choices is a circumstance that is very, very rake.6. What society has thought to be it greatest social, political, andindividual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent.7. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people questionauthority.8. Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One mustchoose betweenthem.9. The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they staywithin the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies.10. Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legalsystem because moral behavior cannot be legislated.11. Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful.They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformerever could.12. Practicality is now our great ideal, which all powers and talents mustserve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today’s world.13. It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most peoplefind difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put intopractice.14. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine thecharacter of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes orits heroines.15. Progress is best made through discussion among peoplewho havecontrasting points of vies.八历史类1. The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record ofcontemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentationthan written records.2. Most people would agree that building represent a valuable record of anysociety’s past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on groundthat modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In suchsituations, modern development should be given precedence over thepreservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served.3. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live afterthem, not by their contemporaries.4. The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The mostsignificant events and trends in history were made possible not by thefamous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long beenforgotten.5. The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant toour daily lives.6. When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we becomestorytellers. Becauses we can never know the past directly but mustconstruct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of acreative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians arestorytellers.7. So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understandingof the past provides little guidance for living in the present.8. The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusionthat people in one period of time are significantly different from peoplewho lived at any other time in history.。

题目要求共分为6类，如下：1.[Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statementand explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]2.[Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. Indeveloping and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.]3.[Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim andthe reason on which that claim is based.]4.[Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with therecommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing andsupporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.]5.[Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for theposition you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possibleconsequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.] 6.[Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position andexplain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.]完整题库-带题目要求（分类整理，并将相同、相似的题目归到一起）Technology & Scientist人对科技的依赖是好是坏？人与科技的关系？如何正确对待科技带来的影响？[1] As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][26] The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][43] The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][64] The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][91] The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have more leisure time. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][132] Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another. [Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.][59] Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.]Society & Nation & Government城市与社会的关系？大城市与国家、文化、传统的关系？[2] To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][117] It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are generated and preserved. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][5] [Claim] Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. [Reason] It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.]政府是否应该资助艺术？在人民的精神和物质需求面前，政府应该如何抉择？[7] Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. [Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.][80] Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.][88] [Claim] Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. [Reason] It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people's basic needs are not being met. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.]政府在环保和经济面前应该如何选择？[10] Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain. [Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.][125] Some people claim that a nation's government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain. [Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.][148] Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.]社会的好坏与个人意识的关系？[18] The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]政府应该关注眼前还是未来的问题？[19] Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.]社会特征与它的个人英雄模范的关系？社会能否从当代人中选出英雄？[22] [Claim] The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. [Reason] Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.][122] The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.][44] [Claim] It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. [Reason] The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.][75] In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][84] It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.]政府与科研的关系？[23] Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.]如何评判一个国家是否伟大？是看上层社会的成就还是广大人民的福利？[28] The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][113] [Claim] The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. [Reason] The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.][120] [Claim] The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. [Reason] Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.][121] Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people. [Write aresponse in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.][127] The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.][145] The general welfare of a nation's people is a better indication of that nation's greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.][147] The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][94] The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens. [Writea response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.]社会该不该花大力气保护濒危物种？[31] Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities. [Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.][63] There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][67] Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species. [Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.]政府该对怎样的科研进行资助？[36] Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.][72] Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. [Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.]政府官员应该怎么做决策？是依据自己的判断，还是顺遂人民的意愿？[50] Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specificcircumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.][86] Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment. [Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.][114] Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.][115] Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.] [139] [Claim] Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts. [Reason] Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.]政治领袖应该听取民众意见还是坚守原则？[16] Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. [Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.]政治家不应追求虚无缥缈的理想，而应寻求共同点和合理的共识？[60] Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.]个人与法律的关系？[65] Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.]社会问题与法律的关系？[89] [Claim] Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. [Reason] Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts or minds. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.]法律应该足够灵活以应对所有的情况？[21] Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]文化与年轻人的关系？[77] The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]社会的成功与个人福利的关系？[85] Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people. [Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.]当代社会，外貌与内在谁更重要？[93] Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]企业与社会的关系？企业的责任？努力挣钱还是回馈社会与环境？[130] Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible. [Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.]Education教育机构是否应该劝阻学生追求无法成功的学习领域？[3] Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.][35] Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. [Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.][137] Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]大学前，一个国家是否该要求所有学生上相同的课程？[6] A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.][14] A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. [Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.][96] A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.] [116] A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]政府该不该对所有（贫困）大学生免学费？[12] Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition. [Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.][25] Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.]大学该不该要求所有学生上专业课以外的各种课程？学科交叉的必要性？[13] Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.]。

GRE作文分类题库--ISSUE作者:beckyyee一教育类1. A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different partsof the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.”2. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.3. In order to improve the quality of instruction at thecollege and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.4. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.5. Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.6. It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.7. Some educational systems emphasize the development of students’capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.8. It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.9. How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.10. Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely toa group of professional educators.11. The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for a specific job.12. Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Othervise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped.13. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.二学习类1. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose vies contradict our own. Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.2. No field of study can advance significantly unlessoutsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study.3. Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, to make things as simple as possible.4. Students should memories facts only after they have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have learned only facts have learned very little.5. Scholars and researches should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem.6. In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information.7. Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions.8. Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they aretaught instead of accepting it passively.9. There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations or desires.10. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.11. Critical judgment of work, in any given field has little value unless comes from someone who is an expert in that field.12. People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good.13. Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways.14. The study of ac academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes.15. The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in their academic fields is more of personality than of training. Different interpretations come about when people with different personalities look at exactlythe same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things.16. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious.17. It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.三行为类1. Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, they in fact, prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.2. Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy.3. Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image.4. The concept of‘individual responsibility’is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.5. People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does.6. In any realm of life-whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of vies. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options.7. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.8. Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress.9. Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity.10. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it.11. No amount of information can eliminate prejudice because prejudice is rooted in emotion, not reason.12. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed in particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easilyinfluenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.13. Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes.14. In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority.15. It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual.16. Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and--, eventually, --to change it.17. Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work.18. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain itis justifiable.19. People often look for similarities, even between very different things, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms, we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else.20. People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems, faced by their predecessors. Thus illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience.21. Moderation in all things is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say,‘Moderations is most things,’since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus.22. Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one’s friends, to one’s school or place of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force.四政治类1. It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public.2. There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Everyindividual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.3. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.4. It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician.5. Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate realms fail to understand either the one or the other.6. Laws should not be stationary and fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.7. The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus.五科技类1. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time.2. Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research arecontroversial.3. Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity.4. When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is : How many people’s lives will be improved if the results are successful.5. The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of arts is to upset. Therein lies the value of each.6. Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life.7. Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.六传媒类1. In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books.2. The purpose of many advertisements is to makeconsumers want to buy a product so that they will‘be like’the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves.3. Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete.4. High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.5. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjectied to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.七社会类1. Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science.2. Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect-that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills.3. It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated.4. At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.5. The absence of choices is a circumstance that is very, very rake.6. What society has thought to be it greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent.7. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.8. Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them.9. The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies.【。

1.题目总数有所减少，但是主要话题范围未变。

出现频率较高的仍为教育类、社会类。

2.老题库中题目带有背景引导型内容的题目在新题库中背景内容都被删掉（写作时自主性更大，但破题可能需要更详细的考虑）3.出现新题型：一类是给出原因和观点（claim+reason）,要求对原因和观点进行讨论，类似于原题库中的in order to 类的题目；另一类是就同一个问题给出两派观点，要求进行论证自己支持的一方。

4.题目中都附有说明。

总体来看对逻辑论证结构更加重视。

括号内数字为老题库的网络通用顺序编号A. Urgent and Long Run19. Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future. (56, comparison)31. Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities. (121&242,claim)36. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.(44,claim)72. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. (44,同新题36，claim)80. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of theircitizens are hungry or unemployed. (190)88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people's basic needs are not being met.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (190,参考新题80)131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.3, reasoning)B. Individual and Group (Leaders/Celebrities/Cities andSociety/Nation)2. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. (Claim)4. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. (Reasoning)5. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (Reasoning)7. Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. (claim)Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.10. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain. (83, claim)11. People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. (93)12. Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted toa university but who cannot afford the tuition. (53)21. Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.(174)22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals. (203)28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.(150,comparison)37. Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.(214)38. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves. (113)44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.50. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve. (45,comparison)53. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable. (212)55. In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, itmust be understandable to most people. (218)59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.60. Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.(195)61. People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered itsconsequences.62. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them. (89, solution)63. There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species. (121, claim)65. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws. (17)67. Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. (121&242, claim)69. Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed. (8, claim)75. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. (161, reasoning)77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.(6)78. People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.(12, comparison)84. It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.（161）85. Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.86. Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. （45，参考新题50, solution）99. People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. （93,同新题11，claim）104. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. (43, solution)107. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. (43,同新题104)114. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little. (160,claim)15. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve. (45,comparison)120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (170,参考新题113，reasoning)121．Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. (参考新题113,120，claim)125. Some people claim that a nation's government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. （83,参考新题10, claim）130. Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. (152,claim)139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (79,reasoning)145. The general welfare of a nation's people is a better indication of that nation's greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. (170,参考新题113,comparison)148. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state. (83,参考新题10，solution)C．Technology and Humanity (Machine and Human) 1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. (66, Reasoning)23. Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.(69)64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds. (159, reasoning)91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have more leisure time. （159，reasoning）101．Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning. （233，comparison）109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized. (comparison)Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.132. Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.141. It is more harmful to compromise one's own beliefs than to adhere to them. (35)D．Rational and Emotional56. Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.(216)93. Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image. （33）144. True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.(126)E．Education Methods (Interdisciplinary, Courses)3. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. (Claim)Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (5, claim)13. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's fieldof study. (94)14. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they entercollege. (同新题库6)15 Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. (210)16. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. (202)17 Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. (128)20. Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interestswhen choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice ofa field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. (210，参考新题15)25. Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students. (53) 30. Teachers' salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.32. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in thatfield.(210, 参考新题15，20)35. Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they areunlikely to succeed.39. College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs. (210,,参考新题15,20，32)40. Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. （210，同新题15,20,32，39）42. Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.(153)45. Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education. (55)46. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. (94)47. Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.48. Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, andconcepts that help explain those facts. (28)57. The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times. (221,claim)58. Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.68.Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. (claim and comparison, depends on the choice of the position, 128)70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's major field of study.Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (94, reasoning)73. Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. (50, claim)74. Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. (54,claim)81. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools. (claim)82. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (claim)83.Teachers' salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students. (claim) 89. Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts or minds.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. （180，reasoning）90. Educators should take students' interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach. (参考新题40)92. Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.95. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools. (同新题81，claim)96. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (同新题6，claim)97. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (同新题82)98. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. (210, 参考新题15,20,32,39,40, claim)100. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (同新题82，97)102. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. (94,同新题13,claim)116. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (同新题6)124. All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (参考新题100)129. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. (210, 参考新题15，claim)133. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (54,参考新题74,reasoning)134. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (54,参考新题133,74,reasoning)135. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. (210, 参考新题15，claim)136. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. (210, 同新题98，参考新题15,20,32,39,40, claim)137. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. （同新题3，claim）138. Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning. （55，claim）Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.140. Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.(94, 参考新题70)Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (230)143. No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. (4)F. Conformity and Nonconformity(Cooperation andCompetition)18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority. (142,claim)24. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. (228,claim)29. The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. (228,同新题24)34. In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points ofview. (209,claim)49. Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (1,comparison)52. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. (228,同新题24，claim)66. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it. (146,claim)76. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. (1, 同新题49，comaparison)79. Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (18)87. Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (239, reasoning)94. The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens. (claim)103. The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things. (claim)108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field. (168)110. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field. (168,同新题108,comparison)112. Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated. (94，参考新题102，claim)113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (170, reasoning)118. We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. (1, 参考新题1,49，comparison)122. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. (claim)123. The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.(46,comparison)127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people. （170,参考新题113, comparison）128. Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. (46)146. The best test of an argument is the argument's ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. (claim)147. The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens.(claim)。