下载文档原格式
集控运行全能值班上岗考试题库一、填空题（一）汽机部分1.TSI汽轮机监测显示系统主要对汽机(振动)、(串轴轴向位移)、(胀差)等起到监测显示作用。
2.按传热方式不同，回热加热器可分为(表面式)和(混合式)两种。
3.备用冷油器的进口油门(关闭)，出口油门(开启)，冷却水入口门（关闭），出口门（开启）、油侧排空门开启，见油后关闭。
4.泵的汽蚀余量分为(有效汽蚀余量)、(必须汽蚀余量)。
5.泵的种类有（往复式）、（齿轮式）、（喷射式）和（离心式）等。
6.变压运行分为(纯变压运行)，(节流变压运行)，(复合变压运行)。
7.变压运行指维持汽轮机进汽阀门(全开)或在(某一开度)，锅炉汽温在(额定值)时，改变蒸汽(压力)，以适应机组变工况对(蒸汽流量)的要求。
8.表面式凝汽器主要由(外壳)、(水室端盖)、(管板)、以及(冷却水管)组成。
9.采用给水回热循环，减少了凝汽器的（冷源损失）。
10.真空泵的作用是不断的抽出凝汽器内（析出的不凝结）气体和漏入的空气，（维持）凝汽器的真空。
11.初压力越(高)，采用变压运行经济性越明显。
12.除氧器按运行方式不同可分为(定压运行)、(滑压运行)。
13.除氧器满水会引起(除氧器振动)，严重的能通过抽汽管道返回汽缸造成汽机(水冲击)。
14.除氧器水位高，可以通过(事故放水门)放水，除氧器水位低到规定值联跳(给水泵)。
15.除氧器为混合式加热器，单元制发电机组除氧器一般采用(滑压运行)。
16.除氧器在滑压运行时易出现(自生沸腾)和(返氧现象)。
17.除氧器在运行中，由于(机组负荷)、(蒸汽压力)、(进水温度)、(水位变化)都会影响除氧效果。
18.除氧器在运行中主要监视(压力)、(水位)、(温度)、(溶氧量)。
19.大机组的高压加热器因故不能投入运行时，机组应相应(降低)出力。
20.大型机组超速试验均在带(10%-15%)负荷运行(4-6)h后进行，以确保转子金属温度达到转子(脆性转变温度)以上。
国华徐州发电有限公司2×1000MW超临界火电机组工程专用HXJX-2800-JSXZ 型胶球清洗装置运行维护手册无锡市鸿翔电力辅机有限公司二0一0年十一月目录一、胶球清洗和胶球清洗工作原理二、胶球清洗系统各设备的作用三、控制系统四、安装五、胶球装置操作运行六、提高收球率的注意事项一、胶球清洗系统和胶球清洗工作原理：1、胶球清洗系统：是由胶球泵、装球室、收球网、阀门及相应的管道所组成，在凝汽器左右两侧各配置1套单独的胶球清洗系统与之配套，以确保胶球清洗系统定期清洗，使凝汽器铜管内壁的泥垢和浮生物去除，长期保持清洁从而达到提高冷却管传热系数的目的。
见图：凝汽器胶球清洗系统图2、胶球清洗工作原理：先将比重与水相近（0.98-1.02）的胶球加进装球室后，启动胶球泵，胶球在比循环水压力略高一点的水流带动下进入凝汽器水室进口，随即同循环水混合并流向水室而进入铜管，由于胶球输送管出口朝下，故球分散均匀进入凝汽器铜管。
胶球虽比铜管内径大1-2mm，然而它是多孔、柔软的弹性体，故仍可在较小的压差作用下，形变而进入凝汽器铜管，在铜管中的胶球形状成卵形，并与铜管内壁有一整圆接触，这样胶球在进行过程中等于把铜管内壁擦抹一遍，当胶球流入凝汽器出水管口时，它在本身弹力的作用下，突然恢复原状，这就消除了胶球表面的污垢（若胶球表面还有些污泥将在运动中消除）并随水流向出水管，而至收球网，在网壁的拦阻及出水的冲动下，球进入网底，由于胶球泵进水管接在此处，故胶球在进口负压的作用下吸入胶球泵，再重新进入装球室重复以上运动。
随机组的大小，胶球管道的长短及循环水流速，胶球在系统中循环一周的时间约在10-30秒。
二、胶球清洗系统各设备的作用：1、胶球清洗泵由于胶球本身无能量，若要使它能从出水管里的收球网中重新进入凝汽器的进水管，没有动力是不可能的，要获得比循环水进口压力略小的压力，必须配有胶球输送装置—胶球泵。
胶球清洗泵的选型随机组容量和胶球系统要求决定。
凝汽器胶球清洗系统Condenser Gum Ball Cleaning System 安装维护使用说明书Installation and MaintenanceManual青岛市胶州发电设备有限公司Qingdao Jiaozhou Power Equipment Co., LTD.电话：0086 532 87286338 /87286299Tel: 0086 532 87286338 /87286299传真: 0086 532 87286078Fax: 0086 532 87286078地址：山东省胶州市郭家庄西工业园Address：Shandong Jiaozhou Guojiazhuang West Industrial Park目录CONTENT第一章胶球清洗系统布置和安装ChapterⅠLayout and Installation of Gum Ball Cleaning System 第二章设备安装Chapter II Equipment Installation第三章胶球清洗系统运行Chapter III Running of Gum Ball Cleaning System第四章停用保养Chapter IV Disable Maintenance第五章管理Chapter V Management第六章检修、检查、维护Chapter VI Overhaul, Inspection and Maintenance第七章故障及处理Chapter VII Failure and Solution第一章胶球清洗系统布置和安装ChapterⅠLayout and Installation of Gum Ball Cleaning System一、胶球清洗系统布置方式有两种Ⅰ. There are two layout ways of gum ball cleaning system１、单元制系统Modular system１、排污口２、清洗蝶阀３、二次滤网４、装球室５、球阀６、胶球泵７、收球网８、收球网板操作机构．1. Outfall 2, Cleaning valve 3, Secondary screen 4, Ball room 5, Ball valve 6, Gum ball pump 7, Ball screen 8, Ball net plate operating mechanism.2. Sharing system２、共用制系统Common control system１、排污口２、清洗蝶阀３、二次滤网４、电动机５、收球网６、装球室７、球阀８、胶球泵９、分汇器．1. Outfall 2, Cleaning valve 3, Secondary screen 4, Motor 5, Ball screen 6, Ball room 7, Ball value 8,Gum ball pump 9, Sub-exchange device.胶球清洗系统安装应遵照供货单位提供的系统布置图和技术要求进行安装，不可随意增减系统中的相对位置．The installation of gum ball cleaning system shall be subject to system layout diagram and technical requirements provided by supply unit, prohibit increase or decrease the relative position of the system arbitrarily.二、不同布置方式的适用范围：II. The scope of application of different layout:a、单元制系统，适合于为100MW以上容量的机组配套使用．优点是对凝汽器各侧可同时进行清洗；另外，任何一侧的胶球清洗系统出现故障，均不会影响另一侧的正常运行．b、共用制系统，适合于小机组使用．优点是设备少，主要缺点是当系统中共用部分发生故障时，凝汽器的任何一侧都无法清洗．a. Modular system is suitable with the units of over 100MW. Advantage is that each side of condenser can be cleaned at the same time; Moreover, any side of the gum ball cleaning system broke down, which will not affect the normal operation of the other side.b. Sharing system is suitable for use in small units. Advantage is less equipment, and the main drawback is that when the common parts of the system broke down, any side of the condenser can not be cleaned.第二章设备安装Chapter II Equipment Installation收球网：Ball screen:收球网尽量采用立式安装，并且收球网胶球引出管尽量高于胶球泵入口．收球网在循环水管弯头后很近处安装时，应使操作轴与弯头方向相平行；对ＳＤ型收球网最好采用操作轴与弯头方向相垂直的布置方式，且在收球位置时，网板进口端靠在内侧筒壁．收球网若采用卧式布置时，胶球引出管应按要求在收球网底面或侧面．Ball screen adopts vertical installation as far as possible, and ball screen gum ball extraction tube shall be higher than gum ball pump.When installing the ball screen closed to circulating water pipe elbow, they should make the operation shaft run parallel to the direction of elbow; about SD-type ball screen, preferable to use the layout of operation axis perpendicular to the direction elbow, and in the position received the ball, head of the halftone leaning against the inner tube wall. If the ball screen adopts horizontal layout, the gum ball extraction tube should bet at the bottom or the side of the ball screen as required.胶球泵：Gum ball pump:胶球泵安装的相对位置不宜过高，以防气蚀．胶球泵的吸上真空高度一般为7m水柱．The relative position of gum ball pump should be not too high to prevent gas etching. The vacuum suction height of gum ball pump is generally the water column of 7m.装球室：Ball room:用于贮存、更换胶球及观察胶球运动，故安装位置应便于操作人员接近，放气、放水管接至排水地沟．For use of storage, replace of gum ball and the observation of gum ball’s movement, so the installation location should be accessible to the operator, exhaust tube and offlet connected to the drainage trench.胶球管路及阀门：Gum ball piping and valves:胶球管路应短直流畅，球阀或蝶阀安装位置应便于操作，装球室进口阀在装球室的进口处安装，管系严密不漏．Gum ball piping should be short, straight and smooth. The installation location of ball valve or butterfly valve should be easy to operate. Suction valve shall be installed on the entrance of ball valve. Piping shall be tight and no leaking.循环水系统中安装有二次滤网时，一般情况下，二次滤网出口至凝汽器间，循环水的长度有限，但布置投球管时，应遵照以下原则，且不可在凝汽器水室中布置．When installing the secondary screen in circulating water system, generally, the circulating water is limited in length from the outlet of the secondary screen to the condenser, but arranging pitch pipes shall be subject to the following principles, and can not do in water room of the condenser.循环水管通径DN<1200时，投球管（伸入循环水管中的胶球管路）用一根，并伸至循环水管中心，DN≥1200mm时，用两根并在循环水管同一正截面内对称布置，两管口中心在循环管同一直径上，管口间距离等于循环水管半径，投球管出口逆循环水流方向．When the circulating water pipe diameter DN <1200, the pitch pipe (the gum ball piping stretching into the circulating water pipe) adopts one, and extended to the center of circulating water pipe. When DN ≥ 1200mm, use two to parallel in the same section of the circulating water pipe with symmetrical arrangement, centers of the two nozzles in the same diameter of the loop pipe, the distance between the nozzle is equal to the radius of the circulating water pipe, and the outlet of the pitch pipe opposes circulating flow direction.控制装置：Control device:控制柜或程控柜，应在通风、干燥、且靠近装球室处安装．Control cabinets or program-controlled cabinets should be installed in ventilated, dry, and close to the ball room.二次滤网：Secondary screen:配装有二次滤网的胶球清洗系统中，二次滤网的安装部位，一般情况下应离开凝汽器进口一段距离，这样对于投球管的布置有利．以海水为冷却水源的电厂，二次滤网宜靠近凝汽器进口布置，以便减少二次滤网后循环水管中海生物的数量，从而减少冷却管、收球网被堵塞的机会．二次滤网的排污管路应短直流畅，尽量减少管路水阻，因为二次滤网排污是依靠循环水压差来实现的，故排污水阻大时会直接影响排污效果．In the gum ball cleaning system with the secondary screen, the installation position of the secondary screen should keep a distance from the entrance of the condenser, so that it’s favorable for the arrangement of pitch pipe. Regard the seawater as the cooling water plant, the secondary screen should be close to the entrance of the condenser in order to reduce the number of sea creatures in the circulating water pipe after the secondary screen, thereby reducing the opportunities of the blocked cooling pipe and ball screen. The blow-off line of the secondary screen should be short, straight and smooth, minimize the water resistance of piping, as the secondary screen scavenging relies on recycled water pressure to achieve, the large sewage water resistance will affect effects of sewage directly.胶球清洗系统的安装，应按照制造厂提供的系统布置图和技术要求进行，不可随意增减系统中配套件的数量和改变设备配套件的数量和改变设备配套件在原系统中相对位置．The installation of gum ball cleaning system should be in accordance with layout diagram and technical requirements provided by factory, prohibit increase or decrease the number of component parts and the relative position of the system arbitrarily.第三章胶球清洗系统运行Chapter III Running of Gum Ball Cleaning System运行必备条件：Running prerequisites:１、凝汽器：Condenser:a、水室中的涡流区、水室中隔板窜通缝隙及窄缝（由于水室四壁、水室隔板与端盖同密封垫尺寸不合适所致，将会引起积球）应于消除；水室中除循环水管外其余通往外部的管道，应在管口加装孔径小于Φ7mm的球面网罩；水室中垢片、锈片及杂物通水前清理干净．The water in the room, water vortex zone partition channeling through cracks and narrow gap (due to water chamber walls, and cover with gasket partition size doesn't fit, will cause the ball) should eliminate product;Water in the room except the circulating water pipes to the rest of the pipeline, should be in the outer tube diameter less t han Φ 7mm installs the spherical nets mask; clean the dirty things ,rust and sundries in the room, before working with the water.b、冷却管每种规格的管径均匀一致，管内无阻碍胶球通过的杂物；胶球清洗系统初始投运时，冷却管内壁应洁净无垢，已结硬垢的应采取措施彻底除垢；管板若涂刷环氧树脂等涂料，应严防因此缩小冷却管口通径；胀管时，管口伸出管板长度不宜超过2.5mm.Cooling tube diameter of each specification uniform, tube unimpeded by sundry ball;when the Rubber ball cleaning systems works first, cooling tube initial operation wall should be clean, has hardened scale measures should be taken to complete removal;If a tube plate coating epoxy coating should be protected, thus narrowing cooling pipe size;When the pipe expanding, tube sheet length is out over 2.5 mm.２.循环水及循环水管：Water and circulating water pipes:a、循环水量宜保持在设计值的±15%范围内．亦可根据以后的清洗效果适当改变对循环水量的控制范围．In the design of water cycle in the range of ± 15% value. Also we can change the control of the water cycle according to the appropriate after cleaning effect.b、一次滤网（包括拦污栅、扒草机等）完好．工作正常，能保持无大于收球网栅格间距的杂物通过，否则必须配装二次滤网．Once filter screen(including Trash rack, grilled grass machine etc)is complete Ok, in proper working order, It can keep the charge of the no more grid spacing sundry through, otherwise we must Equipped with secondary filter.c、循环水需充满凝汽器水室，若充不满则必须采用比重大于循环水的湿态胶球（胶球吸足水后的状态）．Circulating water should be full of the room of the condenser, if it can’t be full of ,we must use proportion than circulating wet glue ball (rubber ball absorb enough water after the state).d、循环水管中的垢片、锈片和杂物通水前清理干净．Clean the dirty things ,rust and sundries in the cycle water pipe before working with the water. ３、胶球：Rubber ball:耐磨、质地柔软、富于弹性、气孔均匀贯通、硬度适中、湿态比重1.00-1.15、在5-45℃水温下及使用期内环境胀大不超标、不老化．Hard wearing, soft,elastic,porosity evenly, hardness moderate, Wet proportion in the 5-115, 100-45 degrees Celsius temperature and use period swell not overweight, environment of aging.４、设备：Equipment:胶球清洗装置及配套件，安装符合要求，具备正常使用条件．Rubber ball cleaning equipment and accessories, installation requirements, with normal conditions of use.５、运行注意事项：Running note:胶球清洗系统安装后，应及时进行调试；调试合格后，按规程要求经常操作运行．After install the rubber ball cleaning system, it should be debugged on time; after debugging it successfully, make it work according to the directive rules.６、胶球规格：Rubber ball specifications:开始使用的胶球湿态直径比冷却管中较小一种规格的内径大1.0-2.0mm,使用中球径磨损到等于或小于上述冷却管内径时及时更换；采用金刚砂球清除冷却管硬垢时，其湿态球径比上述冷却管内径小1.0-2.0mm，待硬垢基本除净后应停用．球径及硬度还与循环水量有关．Start using the wet cooling tube diameter bigger than cooling tube small a specification as 1.0-2.0 mm diameter, during the working, when it wears to equal to or less than the cooling tube diameter, it should be changed; when use emery ball to get rid of the hard scale of the cooling tube,the wet ball diameter less than the cooling tube diameter of 1.0-2.0 mm, after finishing get rid of it, it should be stopped to be used. The sphere diameter and the hardness are also relevant with the water cycle.７、正常投球量：The normal work:投入运行的胶球数量为凝汽器单侧单流程冷却管根数的7%-13%,取下限或靠近下限的数量，胶球循环一次不超过30秒．The rubber ball into operation for single flow condenser cooling tube unilateral number of 7-13% lower limit, or close to the quantity, rubber ball cycle time does not exceed 30 seconds.８、清洗周期和清洗时间：The cleaning cycle and cleaning time:胶球清洗系统每天运行（清洗）一次，每次30分．用户也可根据以后的清洗效果适当改变上述数值．Rubber ball cleaning system operation (cleaning) once every day, each time 30 minutes. The user may change the value according to the cleaning effect.９、胶球补充周期和更换周期：Rubber ball added cycle and change cycle:胶球清洗系统累计运行七次，补充胶球；累计运行60次，进行更换．用户还可根据各自具体情况如投球数量、实际收球率（满足投运条件、系统正常运行30分、收回的胶球数与投入运行的胶球数的百分比）,所用胶球的耐磨性能等，适当调整上述周期．个别胶球可能在水中浸泡一段时间后，胀大过多，球径超标，在检查补充和更换胶球时，均需随时换掉．After the rubber cleaning system runs for seven times, replenish the rubber ball; after it runs 60 times, change it. The user also can according to the specific passion of their own to move the times above, such as pitching quantity、actual charge ball rate（Meet operation conditions、Normal operation system 30 points、The percent of the rubber ball back and operation of the rubber ball）、the Wear-resisting performance of the rubber ball, etc. Several rubber balls maybe swollen a lot after soaking in the water for a period of time, the ball diameter out of limits. When we check or mend or change the rubber balls, they should be changed.安装有循环水二次过滤系统.两个系统不得同时运行；必须在循环水二次过滤系统运行结束之后，胶球清洗系统才允许投入运行．Install a water second filtration system. The two system can’t be run at the same time; it must be u sed after the water second filtration system finish it’s running.二次滤网的网芯网孔为7mm,所有大于7mm的污物杂质，保证不会进入凝汽器水室内，从二次滤网排污管道内排出.The nets core and the net hole of the secondary filter are 7mm,all the dirt impurities are bigger than 7mm, can’t be entered to the cond enser room, they will row out of the sewage pipe of the secondary filter.二次滤网排污是通过网芯前后压差值由差压变送器来实现自动排污，差压变送器动作值设置在P(二次滤网开始运行时测得压力值+0.2MPa)，当网芯前后压差值≥P时，差压变送器开始传送排污信号，来实现排污。
made ingermanyQ From manual to fully automatic systems,optimised for fine and ultra-fine cleaning with multi-frequency in 5 tank sizes Q Individually extendible system with option of interface to the clean room (optionally also available with enclosure and laminar flow technology) Q Optional side-ultrasound for complex component geometry Q Various drying systems for different material requirementsUltrasonic Cleaning SystemsTechnical dataUltrasonic Cleaning Re-definedAdvantages and benefitsQ Modular system set-up with 5 tank sizesQ Multi-frequency technology with 25/45 kHz or 37/130 kHzQ For fine and ultra-fine cleaningwith rounded tank corners and special pipeworkQ Optional side-ultrasound technology for special component geometryQ Different drying systems (hot-air, infra-red and vacuum drying) for different material requirementsQ Compact system design with easy-to-clean surfaces Q Integrated ancillaries such as filters, oil separators, etc. Q IPC control with intuitive operating concept Q Equipped with floor tank as standardQ Extremely service and maintenance friendly thanks to the compact system design with easily accessible andswiftly replaceable componentsx tra line 2 is at home in the following industries.The right cleaning system for the task at handDesigned for fine and ultra-fine cleaning tasks, the x tra line 2 can be flexibly deployed and extended due to the modular sys-tem concept (building block system) at any time. Different tank sizes can even be easily accommodated in one system, so that individualised systems are conceptualised.The compact, closed system design enables easy system maintenance. Ancillaries for bath care, such as oil separators, filter units or similar, are positioned inside the system in order to save space. Removable back elements facilitate the easy maintenance and servicing of the x tra line 2. All of the pipework can therefore also be easily accessed.With the new transport robot, the conversion speed is increased by up to 20 %. Furthermore, the following baskets and carriers can be used with the transport robot: Q Normal baskets in transport mode, Q Horizontal turning devices for bulk materials baskets, Q Vertical rotation devices for fixed parts, such as optical lenses, as well asQ Lift rotation devices for positioned components in carriers.Q Production of medical technology and precision optics, Q In the aerospace industry, Q Pharmaceutical industry, Q Manufacture of watches and jewellery, Q Electronics and metalworking industry, and much more.Service, ancillaries and accessories for x tra line 2 systems Individually aligned to your requirementsDifferent parts can be cleaned using the different basket types. Whether it is bulk materials or individually positioned parts, baskets/carriers with different mesh sizes or with coated contact surfaces, the transport of parts is individually tailored to customer requirements and the cleaning process.With bath care, filtration and disposal ancillaries of the x tra line 2, the contamination is easily collected and separated. For example oil, in concentrated form, is collected and can be disposed of in an environmentally-friendly way.Not only is this good for the environment, but it also saves money.Our modular system (building block principle) allows the integration of many of the ancillaries at the rear of the system. Due to the fact that these components can be easily inserted and replaced - through modular, exchange technology - maintenance and servicing periods are reduced to a minimum. Thereby, the system is back in action again very quickly.Another advantage of the x tra line 2 is the small amount of space required by these systems. Due to the integration of individual ancillaries such as oil sepa-rators, filters, etc., the systems require up to 30 % less space and have a neat, structured and easy-to-maintain appearance.So each x tra line 2 cleaning system can be easily integrated into existing production processes.Baskets and carriersThe x tra line 2 offers a comprehensive range of accessories precisely chosen to meet individual customer requirements. Automatic filling/emptying of the tanks, metering systems with automatic filling level control as well as measurement and status monitoring of the media used contribute to ensuring that the optimised cleaning processes remain safe and stable. This provides consistent and reproducible cleaning results for validation purposes.System ancillaries for bath care, filtration and disposalService and maintenance friendly designWith an x tra line 2 cleaning system, the first steps into professional precision cleaning are easy. For smaller quantities, a manual sys-tem, EASY x tra line 2, is the most suitable. If the system capacity is too small, it can be extended at any time thanks to the modular design, or supplemented by various ancillaries.Q In case of low throughputQ Easily extendible process, at any timeQ Throughput-optimised with transport robots and conveyor belts Q Process-safe, as IPC controlledQ Consistently high cleaning qualityQ With enclosureQ in order to meet highest cleaning requirements, Q for noise reduction and Q as interface to clean roomQ Enhanced by semi-automatic handling system for the movement of heavy partsQ User-friendly and ergonomically optimised operationx tra line 2The modular system that adapts to requirementsThus it is quite easy to adapt - even afterwards - to changing conditions and increasing requirements in terms of parts cleaning. Different transport systems such as the pneumatic handling system or the automatic transport system for heavy parts provide high throughput with the required level of process safety.Elma Schmidbauer GmbH · Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 17 · D-78224 Singen (Germany) · Tel. +49 7731 882-0 · Fax +49 7731 882-266 · The Elma process laboratoryPerfect cleaning results are the measure of all things. In order to achieve these, the focus lies on designing the right sequence of individual process steps.This is where the Elma service concept comes in. Together with our customers, we individually develop a tailor-made cleaning process in the Elma process laboratory. Equipped with state-of-the-art technology, our laboratory carries out cleaning tests for customers on a daily basis and checks these results for the re-quired cleanliness level.Take advantage of our many years of experience and knowledge, and let us design your process solution!S u b j e c t t o t e c h n i c a l a n d o p t i c a l c h a n g e s . · x t r a l i n e 2_E N _11_17Tailor-cut Elma ServiceThe all-round carefree package for your cleaning systemThe Elma Service ConceptFrom process development through to system qualification, commissioning and assembly on site - for our customers we are a reliable and experienced partner for cleaning technology at their side. The worldwide network of Elma sales and service partners ensures that the supply of replacement parts, repair works and maintenance are carried out quickly and efficiently. The re-qualification of your system is also possible at any time. Our customers‘ systems are therefore always swiftly available for operation, contributing to theirsuccess.。
凝汽器胶球清洗系统为了保持凝汽器管束内部经常处于清洁状态，提高机组运行的经济性，防止或减轻凝汽器铜管腐蚀，延长其使用寿命及改善劳动条件，机组运行时，需要对凝汽器的冷却水进行净化及对凝汽器的铜管进行经常性清洗，凝汽器胶球自动清洗装置是目前清洗铜管广泛采用的一种设备。
一、胶球清洗装置的工作原理胶球清洗装置一般由胶球泵、收球网、装球室、电控柜等设备组成。
其工作原理见图4-3-1。
清洗时把密度（湿态）与循环水相近的海绵橡胶球装入装球室，其数量约等于每一个流程中铜管数的10%，湿态球直径较铜管内径大1mm~2mm。
然后启动胶球泵，胶球就在比循环水进口压力略高一点的水流带动下，通过输球管进入凝汽器的进口管，与通过二次滤网来的主循环水混合并进入凝汽器的前水室。
海绵球随水流经冷凝管流出，经收球网把球收回，进入收球网的网底，通过引出管又把球吸收到胶球泵，随后又打入装球室，以此再循环。
由于海绵球是多孔柔软的弹性体，在循环水进出口压差的作用下进入凝汽器冷凝铜管。
在铜管中海绵球呈卵形，与冷凝管内壁有整圈接触，这样在胶球经过冷凝管时，就把冷凝管的内表面擦洗了一次，这样使凝汽器冷却面达到了清洗的目的。
图4-3-1 汽器胶球清洗装置原理图1-凝汽器；2-二次滤网（带清洗蝶阀）；3-装球室；4-胶球泵；5-收球网二、凝汽器胶球清洗装置结构胶球清洗装置由胶球、收球网、胶球泵、装球室、胶球管路及阀门、二次滤网控制装置等部件组成。
1. 胶球：清洗胶球是整个清洗系统中最重要的一部分。
清洗球的正确选择十分重要，它决定了冷凝器清洗系统能否发挥最大功效。
所选胶球的直径必须大于冷凝管的内径。
如果胶球尺寸不够大，将起不到任何清洗作用。
2. 收球装置：收球装置安装于凝汽器的冷却水出水管中，其功能是将胶球从冷却水中分离、完成收球器自动反洗和保证系统正常运行。
收球器主要部件有收球网、导流板、收球器、驱动机构等。
当收球网处于胶球循环位置时，收球网覆盖整个管道横截面，用于隔离胶球和冷却水，当收球网处于反洗位置时，冷却水从后面反洗收球网，将收球网的杂质冲洗干净。
