Karot review petition

右美托咪定在36例老年骨科手术全麻患者的中应用效果观察发表时间：2017-05-26T14:10:55.867Z 来源：《心理医生》2017年6期作者：论妹措[导读] 观察右美托咪定在老年骨科全麻患者效果。

（九寨沟县人民医院麻醉科四川九寨沟 623400）【摘要】目的：观察右美托咪定在老年骨科全麻患者效果；方法：将72例患者分为对照组（舒芬太尼）、实验组（右美托咪定）；结果：实验组用药后10min SBP高于对照组，拔管时、拔管后3min、5min、10min SBP、DBP均低于对照组，且术后2h VAS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）；结论：右美托咪定运用于骨科全麻老年患者疗效显著。

【关键词】骨科；全麻；右美托咪定【中图分类号】R614.2 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1007-8231（2017）06-0084-02Right beauty holds the mi in 36 patients with senile bone surgery anesthesia effect【Abstract】Objective To observe the right beauty's microphones at the old patients with orthopedic anesthesia effect.Methods 72 were divided into control group,the experimental group.Results Experimental group after10min SBP is higher than the control group,drawing tube，tube drawing3min5 min,10 min after SBP and DBP were lower than the control group,and 2h after VAS score lower than the control group(P<0.05); Verdict right supporting microphones used in orthopaedics anesthesia elderly patients curative effect is distinct. 【Key words】bone;General anesthesia;Beauty's right of Egypt当前，骨科围手术期的应激反应已经成为麻醉和手术急需解决的重大临床问题之一，主要是因为强烈的应激反应不仅会改变机体的稳态，还会进一步增加机体的耗氧量，心脏的做功增加，因此容易出现心律失常、免疫抑制以及高凝状态等，以至于围手术期的并发症发生率升高。

附录1肠外肠内营养学临床指南中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会（2006 版）第一章制定指南的“指南”引言制定指南的初级阶段中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会（Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, CSPEN）于2004年12月在京成立。

作为一个多学科学术组织，CSPEN的愿景（vision）是倡导循证营养支持的实践，促进我国肠外肠内营养的合理应用，为患者提供安全、有效和具有良好效价比的营养治疗。

编写、制定与推广临床指南是实现上述目标的重要途径。

指南定义为：按照循证医学原则，以当前最佳证据为依据，按照系统和规范方法，在多学科专家、各级医院的临床医师和护理人员合作下达成的共识。

本指南的宗旨是为临床医师、护理工作者、营养师、药剂师和患者在特定临床条件下，制定和/或接受肠外肠内营养支持方案提供帮助，并为卫生政策的制定者提供决策依据。

2005年1月- 9月，是我们分会制定指南的初级阶段。

CSPEN常委们在中华医学会的直接指导下，组织了我国肠外肠内营养学工作者及儿科、外科、内科等多学科专家成立了第一届《肠外肠内营养指南》编写委员会。

按照循证医学原则，经过参比国内国外的临床研究报告，制定的肠外肠内营养支持的适应症指南。

在2005年9月在北京召开的的“第一届全国临床营养周”大会上公开征求意见后，又做了大范围的修正和大范围的补充，于当年12月完成了第2005版《肠外肠内营养学临床―指南‖系列一：住院患者肠外营养支持的适应证》。

虽然该指南范围窄，仅是住院患者肠外肠内营养支持的适应证的内容，但仍然受到业者的重视。

已经先后在《中国临床营养杂志》、《中华医学杂志》和《中华外科杂志》等三本核心期刊杂志登载。

发表后受到国内同行的关注，也为2006年完善方法学和扩大内容打下了基础。

一、2006年版指南制订过程在2005年适应症指南的基础上，2006年1月CSPEN《肠外和肠内营养临床指南》编委会和支持小组就启动了文献复习工作，在不同场合广泛听取和收集国内同行意见和建议。

智慧树知到《医学英语词汇学》章节测试答案第一章1、The symbol of medicine is called ____.A:the rod of AaronB:the Rod of AsclepiusC:the Rod of JesseD:the Rod of Iron正确答案：the Rod of Asclepius2、The first bone of the spine is known as ____.A:AtlasB:AxisC:SacrumD:Coccyx正确答案：Atlas3、The heel cord, i.e. the largest and strongest tendon in the human body, is called _.A:Patella tendonB:Deltoid tendonC:Achilles tendonD:Trapezius tendon正确答案：Achilles tendon4、A 18-year-old man has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and always believes that he is better than others. This man may be diagnosed with having a(n) _.A:Oedipus complexB:Cain complexC:Electra complexD:Narcissistic personality disorder正确答案：Narcissistic personality disorder5、A senior woman always repeats statements and questions over and over, not realizing that she has asked the question before. She tends to forget conversations, appointments or events. This woman may be diagnosed with _.A:Parkinson’s diseaseB:Alzheimer’s diseaseC:Down’s syndromeD:Crohn’s disease正确答案：Alzheimer’s disease6、A boy always feels tired. Blood test shows that he is not iron deficient, but his MCV（平均红细胞体积）is very low. The name of this condition derives from the Greek Thalassa sea. What may be the possible diagnosis of him?A:Aplastic anemiaB:SyphilisC:Mediterranean anemiaD:Cataract正确答案：Mediterranean anemia7、In the brain, there is a region involved in memory forming, organizing, and storing, which is called the ___ because it has a shape of a seahorse.A:Pineal glandB:Pituitary glandC:ThalamusD:Hippocampus正确答案：Hippocampus8、A newborn baby is with reddish purple marks on the face, which is caused by a localized area of abnormal blood vessels. This condition is called __.A:Butterfly diseaseB:AcneC:Port-wine stainD:Pimple正确答案：Port-wine stain第二章1、Which of the following word parts is a combining form?A:hyper-B:ot/o-C:-iatricsD:penta-正确答案：ot/o-2、Which of the following words is spelled correctly ?A:enterogastritisB:enterogastroitisC:gastroenteritisD:gastrenteritis正确答案：gastroenteritis3、The correct pronunciation of “pt” in the word “gastroptosis” and “ptosis” is __. A:[t] and [t]B:[pt] and [pt]C:[t] and [pt]D:[pt] and [t]正确答案：[pt] and [t]4、Words ending with __are stressed on the next to last syllable.A:-tomyB:-omaC:-ectomyD:-rrhea正确答案：-oma5、The word “rhinoplasty” is pronounced_______.A:[‘rainəu,plæsti]B:[rai’nəuplæsti]C:[rainəuplæs’ti]D:[,rainəu’plæsti]正确答案：[‘rainəu,plæsti]第三章1、fibrous adhesionA:纤维组织B:纤维结构C:纤维固定D:纤维性粘连正确答案：D2、afferent neuronsA:传入神经元B:传出神经元C:传入神经递质D:传出神经递质正确答案：A3、回顾性研究A:a prospective studyB:a retrospective studyC:an extrovert studyD:an introvert study正确答案：A4、小脑下静脉A:inferior veins of cerebrum B:Superior veins of cerebrum C:inferior veins of cerebellum D:superior veins of cerebellum 正确答案：C5、glaucomaA:灰发病B:青光眼C:紫癜病D:发绀正确答案：B第四章1、Cardiopathy means ___.A:heart failureB:heart diseaseC:brain diseaseD:skeletal disease正确答案：B2、The suffix “-centesis” in the word arthrocentesis means __. A:destruction ofB:puncture ofC:pertaining toD:originating in正确答案：B3、The suffix “-malacia” in the word chondromalacia means __. A:flowingB:hardeningC:softeningD:producing正确答案：C4、Downward displacement of the stomach is termed ___.A:gastritisB:gastroptosisC:mammoplasiaD:sternoschisis正确答案：B5、Which of the following physicians specializes in treating patients with diseases of the liver?A:hepatologistB:hematologistC:nephrologistD:rheumatologist正确答案：hepatologist6、___ means surgical repair of an organ.A:phag/o-B:-plasmC:-plastyD:-pathy正确答案：C7、A record of electric wave occurring in the brain is called ___.A:electroencephogramB:electromyogramC:electrocardiogramD:electroencephalogram正确答案：electroencephalogram8、Which of the following suffix es does not mean “pertaining to”?A:-icB:-alC:-arD:-our正确答案：-our9、The suffix “-megaly” in the word hepatosplenomegaly means ___.A:swellingB:softeningC:hardeningD:enlargement正确答案：enlargement10、The instrument for viewing is -scope whereas the instrument for cutting is______. A:-tomeB:-scopyC:-meterD:-graph正确答案：-tome第五章1、Surgical reconstruction or cosmetic alteration of the nose is termed______.A:rhinopexyB:rhinoplastyC:rhinotomyD:rhinoscopy正确答案：rhinoplasty2、A faster than normal respiratory rate of breathing is termed _.A:dyspneaB:apneaC:tachypneaD:bradypnea正确答案：tachypnea3、Hemoptysis is a term describing_______.A:a bloody noseB:bleeding from the gumsC:a clot in a pulmonary arteryD:coughing up blood from the lungs正确答案：coughing up blood from the lungs4、A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes is termed_______, which is a sign that oxygen in the blood is dangerously diminished (as in carbon monoxide poisoning).A:cyanosisB:cyanideC:albinismD:erythematosus正确答案：cyanosis5、_is an instrument for measuring the vital capacity of the lungs.A:pneumographB:spirographC:spirometerD:spirometry正确答案：spirometer6、A special procedure to examine the blood vessels of the lungs by X-ray is called A:a lung scanB:bronchoscopyC:thoracocentesisD:pulmonary angiography正确答案：pulmonary angiography第六章1、aortaA:capn/oB:aort/oC:spir/oD:ventricul/o正确答案：aort/o 2、heartA:coron/oB:ton/oC:chrom/oD:cardi/o正确答案：cardi/o 3、arteryA:arteri/oB:cephal/oC:cerebr/oD:encephal/o正确答案：4、veinA:phon/oB:dent/oC:astr/oD:ven/o正确答案：5、bloodA:plasm/oB:ser/oC:hem/oD:femor/o正确答案：angi/o 6、atriumA:atri/oB:melan/oC:chrom/oD:erythr/o正确答案：7、blood vessle A:duoden/oB:col/oC:angi/oD:jejun/o正确答案：angi/o 8、valveA:hepat/oB:valvul/oC:ren/oD:adren/o正确答案：valvul/o9、inflammationA:-itisB:-aseC:-lysisD:-ide正确答案：-itis10、incisionA:-tomyB:-stomyC:-ectomyD:-scopy正确答案：-tomy第七章1、medullar oblongataA:脑干B:海马C:延髓D:杏仁体正确答案：延髓2、somatic nervous system A:肠神经系统B:躯体神经系统C:自主神经系统D:网状神经系统正确答案：躯体神经系统3、脑皮层运动区A:cerebellar motor cortexB:trabecular motor cortexC:limbic motor cortexD:cerebral motor cortex正确答案：cerebral motor cortex 4、顶叶A:frontal lobeB:parietal lobeC:occipital lobeD:temporal lobe正确答案：occipital lobe5、基底神经节A:the basal gangliaB:the basal microgliaC:the oligodendrocyteD:the glial cells正确答案：the basal ganglia第八章1、An enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides and it is usually secreted by salivary glands and by the pancreas is ___A:amylaseB:pepsinC:lipaseD:trypsin正确答案：amylase2、The term gastrectomy refers to the excision or removal of _A:liverB:gallbladderC:stomachD:pancreas正确答案：stomach3、Which of the following word parts indicates the first part of a small intestine?A:col/oB:ile/oC:duoden/oD:jejun/o正确答案：duoden/o4、gastroenteritis is an inflammation on ___(parts of the body).A:stomach and liverB:entrance of the stomachC:pylorus and cardiaD:bottom stomach &amp; small intestines正确答案：bottom stomach &amp; small intestines5、Gastrojejunostomy describes a procedure that____A:surgically creates an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunumB:surgically creates an opening between the intestines and the abdominal wallC:surgically creates a passageway between the gallbladder duct to the intestineD:surgically removes gallstones through an opening in the abdomen.正确答案：surgically creates an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum第九章1、_ is a hormone secreted by the thymus that can stimulate the immunological activity of lymphoid tissue.A:ThymineB:SomatotropinC:AdrenalinD:Thymosin正确答案：Thymosin2、The term “phagocytosis” means_______A:the process by which a cell, such as a white blood cell, is producedB:a cell that can ingest microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particlesC:the process by which a cell, such as a white blood cell, ingests microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particlesD:the death of a phagocyte正确答案：the process by which a cell, such as a white blood cell, ingests microorganisms,other cells, and foreign particles3、The movement of a microorganism or cell in response to a chemical stimulus is termed _.A:chemokineB:chemotaxisC:cytokineD:chemotherapy正确答案：chemotaxis4、The word part “-phylaxis” denotes______.A:protectionB:allergyC:preventionD:diagnosis正确答案：protection5、Grafts used for transplantation from a different species are ____.A:autograftsB:isograftsC:homograftsD:heterografts正确答案：heterografts第十章1、Inflammation of joints is termed as __.A:arthrodesisB:arthroplastyC:arthriticD:arthritis正确答案：arthritis2、A sheet or band of fibrous tissue which lies deep to the skin or forms an investment for muscles and various organs of the body is __.A:faciesB:faceC:facetD:fascia正确答案：fascia3、Pick out the one which aids cartilaginous activity and thus promote the growth of new cartilage.A:chondroblastB:synchondrosisC:perichondriumD:chondroma正确答案：chondroblast4、The medical apparatus used to invest patella is __.A:patellarB:patellapexyC:patellectomyD:patellometer正确答案：patellometer5、Which of the following combining forms means “bone”? A:ren/o-B:myel/o-C:oste/o-D:gastr/o-正确答案：oste/o-6、The stem “chondro- ”in the word chondritis me ans________ . A:tendonB:cartilageC:jointD:rib正确答案：cartilage7、Radius means ___ lower arm bone.A:superiorB:lateralC:medialD:handful正确答案：superior8、The flesh is expressed in the combining form of ___.A:top/o-B:ten/o-C:thym/o-D:sarc/o-正确答案：sarc/o-9、Which of the following has the meaning of the joint?A:athr/o-B:arthr/o-C:articul/o-D:both B and C正确答案：both B and C10、Abnormal condition of being hard is referred to as __.A:sclerosisB:sclirosisC:barometerD:thermometer正确答案：sclerosis第十一章1、The term for scanty or less than normal urine formation is___ A:anuriaB:oliguriaC:polyuriaD:nocturia正确答案：oliguria2、Presence of a kidney “stone” is termed___.A:nephrosisB:hydronephrosisC:nephrolithiasisD:pyelonephrosis正确答案：nephrolithiasis3、The inflammation of the final pathway for urine in both sexes is termed___.A:nephritisB:urethritisC:nephrosisD:pyelonephrosis正确答案：urethritis4、A specialist in diseases of the lower urinary tract, bladder and urethra, is called a __.A:nephrologistB:urologistC:proctologistD:serologist正确答案：urologist5、A procedure that allows a physician to look into the bladder and examine its interior is termed a_.A:cystoscopyB:cystogramC:voiding cystourethrogram D:intravenous pyelogram 正确答案：cystoscopy第十二章1、glandA:chondr/oB:aden/oC:oste/oD:femor/o正确答案：aden/o2、secretionA:crin/oB:col/oC:ile/oD:prot/o正确答案：crin/o3、pituitary glandA:hemat/oB:encephal/o-C:hypophys/oD:choledoch/o正确答案：hypophys/o4、adrenal gland A:adren/oB:pneum/oC:immun/oD:ser/o正确答案：adren/o 5、thyroid gland A:pharyng/oB:thyr/oC:laryng/oD:bronch/o正确答案：thyr/o 6、pinealA:pineal/oB:lingu/oC:glomerul/oD:odont/o正确答案：pineal/o 7、thymus gland A:duoden/oB:thym/oC:nephr/o正确答案：thym/o8、thalamusA:capn/oB:pulm/oC:thalam/oD:scoli/o正确答案：thalam/o9、pancreasA:hepat/oB:gastr/oC:enter/oD:pancreat/o正确答案：pancreat/o10、glucoseA:muc/oB:gen/oC:gluc/oD:lip/o正确答案：gluc/o第十三章1、The word root “odonto-” denotes______.B:tongueC:mouthD:cheek正确答案：teeth2、The word root “cise-” denotes______. A:to exciseB:to cutC:to killD:to measure正确答案：to cut3、The word root “alveolo-” denotes______. A:tooth socketB:gumC:root canalD:lips正确答案：tooth socket4、Canines are also termed __.A:premolarsB:cuspidsC:bicuspidsD:baby teeth正确答案：cuspids5、A tender tooth is __.A:softB:aching all the timeC:a prosthesisD:sensitive and painful when touched正确答案：sensitive and painful when touched第十四章1、an instrument used to determine refractive errors of the eye iscalled _ A:otoscopeB:retinoscopeC:salpingoscopeD:osteoscope正确答案：retinoscope2、Inflammation of the middle eardrum is __A:tympanitisB:sclerosisC:conjunctivitisD:otitis正确答案：tympanitis3、Convulsion of the eyelid is called_____A:cochleoconstrictionB:corneodesisC:dacryotoniaD:blepharospasm正确答案：blepharospasm4、Surgical incision of the eardrum is called____ A:myringotomyB:lacrimationC:stapedectomyD:ophthalmostomy正确答案：myringotomy5、paralysis of the iris is called_____A:iridectomyB:iridodialysisC:iridoplegiaD:iridocyclitis。

尊敬的编辑：您好！我是一位从事康复医学研究的学者，非常荣幸能够向您推荐一些关于康复医学领域的优秀期刊。

在过去的科研工作中，我曾发表过多篇论文，并积累了一定的投稿经验。

以下是我为您精选的几本康复医学领域优质期刊，希望能为您的研究工作提供帮助。

首先，我强烈推荐您关注《Disability and Rehabilitation》期刊。

该期刊由Taylor & Francis出版社出版，致力于报道残疾与康复领域的最新研究成果。

期刊涵盖的主题包括康复实践、康复政策、评估程序、教育与培训等。

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该期刊在国际康复医学领域具有较高的声誉和影响力，是您研究成果传播和交流的理想平台。

其次，《Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology》也是一本值得推荐的期刊。

作为《Disability and Rehabilitation》的姊妹刊，该期刊同样由Taylor & Francis出版社出版，专注于跨学科综合辅助技术服务和产品设计的实践与科学发展。

期刊旨在为残疾人、慢性病患者以及在开展活动和参与生活角色方面遇到困难的人提供最合适的技术支持，以增强功能、提高生活质量。

该期刊的主题范围广泛，包括日常/主流设备到专用设备，涵盖外骨骼和机器人、智能家居、信息和通信技术及计算机化系统、人体工程学、通用设计、环境辅助技术、远程康复、工作和环境适应以及提供服务的方法。

此外，《家庭医生》和《大众医学》也是两本值得推荐的杂志。

它们分别报道了关于康复医疗方面的最新研究成果和实用康复技术。

《家庭医生》杂志以普及康复医学知识、提高民众健康意识为宗旨，内容丰富、易懂实用，深受广大读者喜爱。

中国6 223例急性胰腺炎病因及病死率分析急性胰腺炎协作组【摘要】目的调查我国急性胰腺炎(AP)的主要病因及病死率,为临床诊疗工作提供参考依据.方法收集我国12所医院收治的AP患者,采用统一的软件记录患者的临床流行病学、实验室检查、影像学检查及相关的临床治疗经过,然后对所有患者的病因及病死率进行分析总结.结果所收集的6 223例患者中,重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)1 743例,轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)4 480例.胆源性胰腺炎3 385例,占54.4%;特发性胰腺炎1 228例,占19.7%;高脂血症性胰腺炎782例,占12.6%;酒精性胰腺炎仅496例,占8.0%.284例患者病死,总病死率4.6%;SAP病死率15.6%,MAP为0.3%.结论胆道疾病是我国AP的主要病因,SAP中以特发性胰腺炎的病死率最高,AP患者的病死率与高龄有关.【期刊名称】《中华胰腺病杂志》【年(卷),期】2006(006)006【总页数】5页(P321-325)【关键词】胰腺炎;急性病;病因;病死率【作者】急性胰腺炎协作组【作者单位】200433,上海,第二军医大学附属长海医院消化内科【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R5急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis, AP)是消化系统常见疾病，尽管近年来在AP的诊治方面取得了不少进展，并发症发生率有明显下降[1]，但其病死率却居高不下，对其病因及发病机制的了解也极为有限[2]，因此AP仍然对我国人民的健康构成一定威胁。

目前针对AP的流行病学研究绝大多数在欧美发达国家进行[3-8]，结果表明酒精中毒与胆道疾病是最常见的两种病因，约占总病例数的60%80%[1-7]，其他病因少见[9-11]。

文献报道AP的病死率为5.7%10%，如果出现并发症则病死率可高达30%35%[12,13]。

目前我国缺乏AP的流行病学研究资料，各种病因的分布尚不十分清楚，病因与胰腺炎的病死率有无联系也未完全阐明[12,13]。

专利名称：确定癌症预后
专利类型：发明专利
发明人：R·洛布,A·莱姆格鲁伯,A·穆勒申请号：CN201780081341.8
申请日：20171124
公开号：CN110168373A
公开日：
20190823
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本文提供了确定癌症(例如非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC))的侵袭性、预后和对治疗的响应的方法，其包括确定来自受试者的外泌体样品中一种或多种差异表达的蛋白质标志物的表达水平。

还提供了用于治疗癌症的方法和药剂。

申请人：昆士兰医学研究所理事会
地址：澳大利亚昆士兰州
国籍：AU
代理机构：北京世峰知识产权代理有限公司
更多信息请下载全文后查看。

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸康复治疗现状与进展王莉;黄晓琳;谢凌锋;徐群【期刊名称】《中国康复》【年(卷),期】2017(032)003【总页数】5页(P249-253)【关键词】脊柱侧凸;康复治疗【作者】王莉;黄晓琳;谢凌锋;徐群【作者单位】华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院康复医学科,武汉 430030;华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院康复医学科,武汉 430030;华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院康复医学科,武汉 430030;华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院康复医学科,武汉 430030【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R49;R687脊柱侧凸是一种三维的脊柱和躯干扭转异常，包括在冠状面上的侧方弯曲，水平面上椎体旋转和矢状面上脊柱正常生理曲度改变[1]。

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis，AIS)是脊柱侧凸中最常见的类型，发病率约为2%～3%[1]，最新调查显示其在我国的发病率为5.2%[2]。

目前AIS病因尚未明确，研究显示可能与遗传基因、不良姿势、某些激素水平等相关[3-4]。

青少年处于生长发育的高峰期，脊柱增长迅速，如不及时诊治，脊柱侧凸的程度可能会随生长发育的进行逐渐加重，继而出现背部疼痛、心肺功能障碍等问题，严重者可导致瘫痪。

因此早发现、早诊断、早治疗非常重要。

目前脊柱侧凸常用的康复治疗方法有：支具、运动疗法、牵引、手法治疗、电刺激等。

关于AIS的治疗，2011国际脊柱侧凸矫形和康复治疗协会(The International Scientific Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment，SOSORT)指南推荐：Cobb角<10°时只需观察随访；Cobb角10°～20°时，一般选择特定性运动疗法；Cobb角20°～45°时，推荐支具治疗，同时配合运动疗法；Cobb角>45°时可考虑手术治疗[1]。

机械通气临床应用指南中华医学会重症医学分会（2024年）引言重症医学是探讨危重病发生发展的规律，对危重病进行预防和治疗的临床学科。

器官功能支持是重症医学临床实践的重要内容之一。

机械通气从仅作为肺脏通气功能的支持治疗起先，经过多年来医学理论的发展及呼吸机技术的进步，已经成为涉及气体交换、呼吸做功、肺损伤、胸腔内器官压力及容积环境、循环功能等，可产生多方面影响的重要干预措施，并主要通过提高氧输送、肺脏爱护、改善内环境等途径成为治疗多器官功能不全综合征的重要治疗手段。

机械通气不仅可以依据是否建立人工气道分为“有创”或“无创”，因为呼吸机具有的不同呼吸模式而使通气有众多的选择，不同的疾病对机械通气提出了具有特异性的要求，医学理论的发展及循证医学数据的增加使对呼吸机的临床应用更加趋于有明确的针对性和规范性。

在这种条件下，不难看出，对危重病人的机械通气制定规范有明确的必要性。

同时，多年临床工作的积累和多中心临床探讨证据为机械通气指南的制定供应了越来越充分的条件。

中华医学会重症医学分会以循证医学的证据为基础，采纳国际通用的方法，经过广泛征求看法和建议，反复仔细探讨，达成关于机械通气临床应用方面的共识，以期对危重病人的机械通气的临床应用进行规范。

重症医学分会今后还将依据医学证据的发展及新的共识对机械通气临床应用指南进行更新。

指南中的举荐看法依据2024年ISF提出的Delphi分级标准(表1)。

指南涉及的文献依据探讨方法和结果分成5个层次，举荐看法的举荐级别依据Delphi分级分为A E级，其中A 级为最高。

表1 Delphi分级标准举荐级别A 至少有2项I级探讨结果支持B 仅有1项I级探讨结果支持C 仅有II级探讨结果支持D 至少有1项III级探讨结果支持E 仅有IV级或V探讨结果支持探讨课题分级I 大样本，随机探讨，结果清楚，假阳性或假阴性的错误很低II 小样本，随机探讨，结果不确定，假阳性和/或假阴性的错误较高III 非随机，同期比照探讨IV 非随机，历史比照和专家看法V 病例报道，非比照探讨和专家看法危重症患者人工气道的选择人工气道是为了保证气道通畅而在生理气道与其他气源之间建立的连接，分为上人工气道和下人工气道，是呼吸系统危重症患者常见的抢救措施之一。

中西医结合护理Chinese Journal of Integrative Nursing2023 年第 9 卷第 11 期Vol.9， No.11， 2023指压天突穴引咳法在早期肺癌术后患者中的应用边冠军1，2， 张春梅3， 刘丽峰2（1. 天津中医药大学， 天津， 301617；2. 天津医科大学肿瘤医院 国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心 天津市肿瘤防治重点实验室天津市恶性肿瘤临床医学研究中心 肺部肿瘤科， 天津， 300060；3. 天津中医药大学护理学院， 天津， 301617）摘要： 目的　探讨指压天突穴引咳法在早期肺癌术后患者中的应用。

方法　便利抽样法选取天津市某三级甲等肿瘤专科医院肺部肿瘤科2023年1月—3月收治的100例呼气峰值流速（PEF ）≤5.33L/s 的早期肺癌切除术的患者，随机分为观察组和对照组，各50例。

对照组接受常规护理措施，观察组在对照组基础上实施指压天突穴引咳法干预。

比较两组患者术后第1天雾化后咳出第一口痰的用时、术后3 d 晨起PEF 与入院PEF 差值、肺部并发症发生情况和咳痰效果。

结果　观察组咳痰效果评价优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）。

观察组术后第1天雾化后咳出第一口痰用时（1.73±0.81）h ，较对照组（3.02±0.88）h 缩短，差异有统计学意义（t =3.447，P ＜0.01）。

观察组肺部并发症发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）。

观察组入院及术后第3天晨起的PEF 差值的秩均值小于对照组（P ＜0.05）。

两组均未出现严重或者影响机体状态的不良事件。

结论　指压天突穴引咳法在PEF ≤5.33L/s 的早期肺癌术后患者咳嗽排痰中应用效果明显。

关键词： 穴位按压； 天突穴； 早期肺癌； 术后并发症； 排痰中图分类号： R 473.6 文献标志码： A 文章编号： 2709-1961（2023）11-0130-06Application of finger -pressing on Tiantu acupoint to inducecough in postoperative patients with early -stage lung cancerBIAN Guanjun 1，2，ZHANG Chunmei 3，LIU Lifeng 2（1. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ， Tianjin ， 301617；2. Department of Lung Cancer ， Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital ，National Clinical Research Center for Cancer ， Tianjin Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment ，Tianjin Cancer Clinical Research Center ， Tianjin ， 300060；3. School of Nursing Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ， Tianjin ， 301617）ABSTRACT ： Objective To investigate the application of finger -pressing on Tiantu acupoint toinduce cough in postoperative patients with early -stage lung cancer.Methods Totally 100 patients with peak expiratory flow （PEF ） ≤5.33L/s who were admitted to the Hospital from January 2023 to March 2023 were randomly divided into observation group and control group ， with 50 cases in each group. The control group received conventional nursing measures ， while the observation group re⁃ceived finger -pressing therapy on Tiantu acupoint based on the basis of the control group. The time taken to cough up the first sputum after nebulization on the first postoperative day ， the difference of Peak Expiratory Flow （PEF ） on first day of hospital admission and three days after surgery ， post⁃operative pulmonary complications and intervention effect on coughing were compared between the two groups.Results The rate of effective cough -inducing in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group （P ＜0.01）. The time （h ） to cough up the first sputum after nebulization on the first postoperative day was shorter in the observation group （1.73±0.81） than inDOI ： 10.55111/j.issn 2709-1961.202307028· 中医特色护理 ·收稿日期：2023 - 07 - 28基金项目：天津市医学重点学科（专科）建设项目（TJYXZDXK -011A ）通信作者：张春梅， E -mail ： 2416353567@··130Vol.9， No.11，2023Chinese Journal of Integrative Nursingthe control group （3.02±0.88）， with a significant difference（P＜0.01）. The incidence of postop⁃erative pulmonary complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group （P ＜0.01）. The rank of the difference of PEF on first day of hospital admission and three days after surgery was lower in the observation group than that in the control gorup（P＜0.05）. Neither of the groups reported adverse reactions.Conclusion　Finger-pressing therapy on Tiantu acupoint to induce coughing is effective in coughing and sputum evacuation in early-stage lung cancer patients with PEF ≤5.33 L/s， and reduces pulmonary complications.KEY WORDS：acupressure；Tiantu acupoint；early-stage lung cancer；postoperative complications肺癌是我国死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤［1］，手术是早期肺癌治疗的主要方法［2］。

人工智能是一门新兴的具有挑战力的学科。

自人工智能诞生以来,发展迅速,产生了许多分支。

诸如强化学习、模拟环境、智能硬件、机器学习等。

但是,在当前人工智能技术迅猛发展,为人们的生活带来许多便利。

下面是搜索整理的人工智能英文参考文献的分享，供大家借鉴参考。

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