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爱考机构考研－保研－考博高端辅导第一品牌人文学院外国语言文学专业招生目录院系所、专业及研究方向招生人数考试科目备注069 人文学院 6010100哲学01马克思主义哲学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③647西方哲学史④890马克思主义哲学复试时专业综合考试内容:马克思主义哲学02中国哲学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③647西方哲学史④849中国哲学史复试时专业综合考试内容:中国哲学史03外国哲学同上复试时专业综合考试内容:西方哲学史04伦理学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③637中西哲学④891伦理学复试时专业综合考试内容：伦理学05逻辑学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③303数学三或647西方哲学史④894数理逻辑复试时专业综合考试内容:逻辑学06宗教学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③637中西哲学④892宗教学理论复试时专业综合考试内容:宗教学07美学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或203日语或241德语③638美学理论④893文艺批评复试时专业综合考试内容:美学050100中国语言文学01文艺学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③613文学基础④856中国文学史科目613含文学理论、外国文学等；科目856含中国古代文学史与中国现当代文学史。
复试时专业综合考试内容:文艺学02语言学与应用语言学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③612语言学基础④855现代汉语和古代汉语或874数据结构科目874计算语言学方向考数据结构，其他方向考现代汉语和古代汉语。
复试时专业综合考试内容：(1)计算语言学，(2)语言学与应用语言学。
03汉语言文字学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③612语言学基础④855现代汉语和古代汉语复试时专业综合考试内容:汉语言文字学04中国古代文学①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或241德语或242法语③613文学基础④856中国文学史科目613含文学理论、外国文学等；科目856含中国古代文学史与中国现当代文学史。
学科专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目：英语专业基础考试时间：2008年1月20日下午说明：所有试题答案均需写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上的一律无效。
第一部分：语言学I. Fill in the blank with an appropriate linguistic term. (15 points)1. The most striking feature of human language is __________, which means that an infinitely large numberof sentences can be constructed out of a finite set of rules.2. If a phoneme is realized by more than one sounds in different phonetic contexts, the sounds are called__________.3. When words are decomposed, the minimum meaningful constituents are __________.4. If a phrase or sentence can be interpreted in more than one ways, it is __________.5. The infinitude of language is due to the fact that the same syntactic rules can be applied again and again.This is called __________.6. If a sound segment copies the feature of a neighboring sound in speech it is said to be __________.7. According to Chomsky’s theory of syntax, phrase structure rules and lexicon generate the deep structure ofthe sentence, which will undergo __________ before the surface structure appears.8. Both transformational-generative grammar and systemic-functional grammar are theoretical grammars,while traditional grammar is a __________ grammar.9. Modern linguistics differ from earlier studies of language in that it is __________, in other words, modernlinguistics attempt to find out objectively the universals of human language or the regularities of a specific language.10. __________ is an interdiscipline that studies the relation between language and the mind.11. Pragmatics is different from semantics because it studies meaning in __________.12. Both phonetics and phonology analyze speech sounds, but the latter studies sound __________ and__________.13. Politician and statesman are similar in meaning, but they are different in __________.14. According to Halliday, language plays three functions, they are __________, __________ and__________.15. In the metaphor “marriage is a journey,” the __________ domain is travelling.II. Transcribe the initial sound of the word and then describe it. (10 points)Example: funny: [f] voiceless labiodental fricative1. psycholinguistics: __________ ____________________2. amplify: __________ ____________________3. church: __________ ____________________4. phonology: __________ ____________________5. organization: __________ ____________________6. hasty: __________ ____________________7. chemical: __________ ____________________8. mnemonic: __________ ____________________9. youth: __________ ____________________10. thrifty: __________ ____________________III. Write three words that share the given feature. (10 points)Example: voiceless: [s] [f] [p]1. tense:2. round:3. palatal:4. labial:5. nasal:6. velar:7. back:8. front:9. aspirated10. alveolarIV. Write the number of the morphemes of the word and then point out how the word is formed if it is composed of more than one morpheme. (10 points)Example: bookstore: 2 compounding1. stepsister: __________ __________2. occupation: __________ __________3. brainwash: __________ __________4. motel: __________ __________5. faster: __________ __________6. finger: __________ __________7. fridge: __________ __________8. troublesome: __________ __________9. roasted: __________ __________10. impossibility: __________ __________V. Write four phrase structure rules of English based on the sentences (a) to (g). (12 points)(a) People work.(b) Women like it.(c) Young men play the game.(d) The boy goes to school.(e) The little boy sells newspapers.(f) The little boy delivers local papers to every household.(g) He went to the city.S →NP →VP →PP →VI. Draw two phrase markers (tree diagrams) to illustrate the structural ambiguity of sentence (h). (8 points)(h) They can fish.VII. Pick out the word in each group that does not share the semantic feature(s) with the others and write it in your answer sheet. (10 points)1. melon apple pear apricot plum2. truck sledge cart car van3. alive married absent fast female4. walk run swim hop jog5. temple charity sincerity bravery fear6. parrot peacock penguin swallow sparrow7. lemon carrot cabbage cucumber tomato8. gun knife sword pistol handgrenade9. stool fan chair couch bed10. chick kitten calf hen duckling pigletVIII. Answer the question about the conversation. (10 points)1. A: This is a nonsmoking car, sir.B: Sorry. (extinguishing his cigarette)Question: What is the illocution of A’s utterance?2. A: Don’t you think the hostess is a bit odd today?B: Do you want another glass of beer?Question: What maxim of the politeness principle is violated in B’s response?（注：原文如此，疑似有误，我认为这里应该问的是cooperation principle – icywarmtea）3. A: The play is wonderful, isn’t it?B: The theme is significant.Question: What maxim of the politeness principle is observed in B’s reply?4. A: I bet you 100 dollars that the Bulls will win this game?B: Oh, do you?Question: What kind of utterance of A’s according to Austin’s theory of speech act?（注：原文如此——icywarmtea）5. A: Are you going out this afternoon?B: No.A: Can I borrow your bike?B: O.K.Question: What is A’s first utterance called?IX. Write a short essay (approximately 130-150 words) expressing your view on the two interpretations of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, namely linguistic determinism and linguistic relativism. (15 points)第二部分：英语国家概况I. Answer the following questions and write your answers in the answer sheet provided. (20 points)1. What are the contributions of the Norman Conquest? (3 points)2. What is the significance of the American Civil War? (3 points)3. Describe the characteristics of the British economy. (4 points)4. Name three most influential newspapers in the United States of America. (3 points)5. How do you understand “The members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are reallaw-makers.” (3 points)6. What are the geographical features of the United States of America? (4 points)第三部分：翻译I. Translate the following paragraph from English into Chinese. (15 points)It seems that as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all, at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and dispatch, stow a portion of victuals finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us. And it would seem also, on a hasty view, that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man’s contentious life. And yet, as regards the spirit, this is but a semblance. We live in an ascending scale where we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.II. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. (15 points)白蛇传本事白蛇乃天上之精灵，因思凡下山，变成美女白素贞，与伺女小青（青蛇化身）居于杭州。
大连外国语学院英语语言学真题2008年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)Ⅰ1."Language operates by rules" is a fundamental view about language.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________2.The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________3.The bow-wow theory is a theory on the origin of language.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________4.Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________5.When the vocal folds are apart. The air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________6.The sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________7.Uvular is made with the back of the tongue and the uvula.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________8.Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________9.A syllable can be divided into two parts, the NUCLEUS and the CODA.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________10.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________11.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________12.INVENTION is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________13.In English, nouns have three cases—nominative, accusative and genitive.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________14.According to Saussure, the relation between the Signified and the signifier is arbitrary.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________15.Anaphor is used in a broad sense to include only reflexive like "myself" and reciprocals like "each other".（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________16.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of COMPOSITIONALITY.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________17.When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the meaning is sometimes referred to as speaker's meaning, or contextual meaning.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________18.Metonymy is a kind of figurative language which is usually classed as a type of synecdoche. It refers to using the name of part of an object to talk about the whole thing, and vice versa, as the use of "hands" in "We are short of hands".（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________19.AUTHORIAL STYLE looks closely at how linguistic choices help to construct textual meaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choices which are intrinsically connected with meaning and effect on the reader.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________20.The structural syllabus does not have a strong linguistic basis. The aim of the structural syllabus is specifying the situations in which the target language is used.（分数：1.00）Ⅱ21.Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and C of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________22.The principle of A Creation can account for the co-existence of two forms, regular and irregular, in the conjugation of some English verbs.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________23.The principle of R is defined as "Every act of ostensive communication communicates the presumption of its own optimal relevance".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________24.V is the degree to which a test measures what it is meant to measure.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________25.C Analysis in computational linguistics is concerned with describing the contents of documents in a form suitable for computer processing.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________26.C are two lines of verse, usually connected by a rhyme.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________27.By n is meant that a conversational implicature is attached to the semantic content of what is said, not to the linguistic form.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________28.Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called p .（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________29.The r theory is a theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to or stands for.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________30.Endocentric constructions may be divided into two subtypes—s and coordinate constructions.（分数：2.00）Ⅲ31.Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. Language is a means of vocal communication.B. Language is instrumental.C. Language is social and conventional.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.32.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature?A. ArbitrarinessB. ConventionC. Duality（分数：1.00）A.B.C.33.The functions of language do NOT include ______.A. informative functionB. interpersonal functionC. metacognitive function（分数：1.00）A.B.C.34.Which of the following is a main branch of linguistics?A. Macrolinguistics.B. Psycholinguistics.C. Sociolinguistics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.35.Saussure is closely connected with ______.A. LangueB. CompetenceC. Etic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.36.The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with ______.A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phonetics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.37.The categories of consonant are NOT established on the basis of ______.A. manners of articulationB. place of articulationC. narrow transcription（分数：1.00）A.B.C.38.Which of the following CANNOT be considered as minimal pair?1.00）A.B.C.39.Which of the following are NOT instances of ASSIMILATION?A. NasalizationB. DentalizationC. Variation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.40.In a syllable, a vowel often serves as ______.A. Peak or NucleusB. OnsetC. Coda（分数：1.00）A.B.C.41.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into ______.A. grammatical words and lexical wordsB. content words and lexical wordsC. grammatical words and function words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.42.______ other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes.A. Polymorphemic wordsB. Bound morphemesC. Free morphemes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.43.Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: table—tables, day+break — daybreak.A. inflection and compoundB. compound and derivationC. inflection and derivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.44.Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change?A. INVENTION.B. ACRONYM.C. LEXICON.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.45.The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with ______.A. THEME and RHEMEB. GOVERNMENT and BINDINGC. IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS（分数：1.00）A.B.C.46.Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech's seven types of meaning?A. Connotative meaning.B. Denotative meaning.C. Conceptual meaning.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.47.There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, opposite- ness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by ______ respectively.A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymyB. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymyC. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.48.______ studies the internal structure of simple propositions.A. Predicate calculusB. Propositional calculusC. Sentential calculus（分数：1.00）A.B.C.49.According to Garrett, the errors that demonstrate forward planning in speech production include all the following EXCEPT ______.A. spoonerismB. anticipation errorC. grammatical error（分数：1.00）A.B.C.50.Four categories of Maxims in Grice's Cooperative Principle include all the following EX- CEPT ______.A. MannerB. RelationC. Qualification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.ⅣColunm A Column B1)Fricative (a)pork and sports2)Glottal (b)ball-balls3)Aspirated and unaspirated (c)"tea" in English4)English syllable (d)(C)v(C)5)Chinese syllable (e)[h]6)Adjective compound (f)editor-edit7)Back-formation (g)(((C)C)C)v((((C)C)C)C)8)Broadening (h)thought-provoking9)Loanword (i)[f]10)inflectional affix (j)bird—young bird—any kind of bird（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________ⅤColumn A Column B1)Horn (a)"father of modem linguistics"2)Malinowski (b)Systemic-functional Grammar3)Halliday (c)the Q-principle and the R-principle4)Hyme (d)a large body of machine-readable texts5)Saussure (e)communicative competence6)computer corpus (f)correct grammatically but improper in a communicationalcontext7)mistake (g)"linguistic environment" and "meaning as functions in thecontext of situation"8)syllabus (h)constructed by second or foreign language learners9)interlanguage (i)speaker's meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning10)illocutionaryforce(j)the planning of a course of instruction（分数：10.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________Ⅵ．51.Creativity（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Cardinal Vowels（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.Semantic Triangle（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 54.Cohort Theory（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.CAL（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ municative Competence（分数：5.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅶ57.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects.（分数：8.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 58.Illustrate "Immediate Constituent Analysis".（分数：8.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 59.Illustrate the significance of studying speech Sounds in linguistics.（分数：8.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 60.Illustrate the Q-and R-principles.（分数：8.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 61.Illustrate at least four major linguistic views and their significance in language learning and teaching.（分数：8.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
