2018届二轮复习 虚拟语气在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练 学案(5页word版) (1)

2018届二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气在短文语法填空和短文改错中的考查Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Robert's new book about space exploration is fantastic. You simply read it.2．I needed to get a week's food for my family. I parked my car, looked down at my list, and hoped I pay for it all.3．For example, in 2007, a boy died in Washington when a tooth infection spread to his brain. It might have been prevented if he (receive) the dental(牙齿的) care he needed.4．If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they (deal) with their homework, you'd better not let them off the hook.5．After that, the manager demanded the source of all the water supplies (examine)．6．Don't go to the cinema this afternoon, and you should finish your work first. I'd rather you (go) tomorrow.7．When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups(mean) nothing.8．My son (worry) before he came to the new school, for his classmates here were very friendly to him.9．No reader take a book out of the library without permission of the librarian.10．Everybody knows you shouldn't put children's beds under a window in case a child (try) to climb out.答案及解析：1．解析：must。

第五讲情态动词和虚拟语气语法项目(一) 情态动词[考纲解读·定方向]情态动词在语法填空中鲜有考查，但在写作中经常用到，对于有些考生来说情态动词是掌握的难点，在写作中经常犯低级错误而造成不应有的失分，因此在二轮备考中应加强对这一部分的学习。

情态动词的基本含义要知晓[实例体验]1．(2018·某某卷)I can't find my purse.I might/could have left it in the supermarket yesterday，but I'm not sure.2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to watch them，my parents would not let me.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)You needn't have taken a taxi；it's only five­minute walk to the park.[重点强化]1．情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的实义动词或be动词一起构成谓语。

写作时，考生常由于低级失误而在情态动词后接动词的过去式、过去分词或现在分词；或者由于受汉语的影响而漏掉情态动词后面的be动词。

2．“情态动词＋have done〞的用法(1)must have done“一定做过了某事〞，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。

(2)could/can have done“本能做某事(而实际上未做)〞，can't/couldn't have done“(过去)不可能做过某事〞。

(3)may/might have done“(过去)有可能做过某事〞。

(4)should/o ught to have done“本该做某事而没做〞。

2018届二轮复习虚拟语气在短文语法填空中考查指导一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用[自主练悟]单句语法填空/单句改错①(2017·北京高考改编)If the new safety system had_been_put(put) to use, the accident would never have happened.②(2017·天津高考改编)—Do you have Betty's phone number —, I wouldn't_have_been (not be) able to reach her yesterday.③(2017·银川一中二模)If you had planted it in a good place, at least someone would_have_enjoyed (enjoy) the fruit.④(2015·四川高考)If you are me, would you talk tothemare→were[谨记规律]虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用二、虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用自主练悟[]单句语法填空/单句改错sister's (be) had_beenwish 天津高考改编①(2015·)I I _ at mywedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.)We would rather our daughter stayed (stay)陕西高考改编②(2014·at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.③(2017·潍坊中学模拟)It is time I did/should_do (do) somethingin return for their love.④(2017·肇庆市模拟)He was still running with a smile on his face,as if nothing_had_happened (happen)．⑤(2017·银川一中二模)I suggest that our school must take measures to encourage more students to take part in →should或去掉must[谨记规律]虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用1．wish后面的宾语从句：(1)表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；(2)表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；(3)表示与将来事实相反，从句用would/could＋动词原形。

2018届二轮复习动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练——找到薄弱点才是努力点Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is (be) full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term resting (rest)．7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah was_told (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.8．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to_prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But at the moment, school comes (come) first.Idon’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.goes→went2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”Turning→Turn 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.interesting→interested4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！came→comes;_pick前加to 5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.took→taken;_become→became[锁定薄弱点]1．考生因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分。

2018高考英语二轮备考教学案--短文改错【考纲解读】1、短文改错的短文内容与学生的学习生活非常贴近好像就是学生的习作。

2、长度均在100词左右。

3、材料都是记叙文，简单易懂，不存在理解方面的问题。

4、新课标的设题通常是一般情况下，每句至多有两处错误，每处错误，改动一词为原则，即在一个词上进行改动，可以是添一词，删一词或改一词。

没有错误的句子，无需改动。

【要点分析】一、短文改错万能公式1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有：①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

2.名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。

3.连词错误：连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等。

关于连词，一般考查从句关系：who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。

4.冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)5.形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel); 词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。

6.代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us; they/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误; 代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。

7.非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

2018届二轮复习语法填空演练解题指导语篇型语法填空是全国新课标卷2014年的新题型。

这一题型的出现改变了以往用单项填空来考查语法的形式，代之以在短文或者在以具体生活情境为内容的对话中考查语法及词汇的灵活运用，难度显然要高于原来的单项填空。

一、语法填空1考查形式2考查知识32014-2015全国课标卷语法填空考点总结（1）纯空格填空（2）有提示词填空4考查能力（1）理解语篇的能力；（2）分析句子结构的能力；（3）熟练运用语法的能力；（4）熟练运用词汇的能力。

二、做题技巧1通读全文，把握语篇首先通读全文，把握好文章的大意和层次，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定了空格处应填一个什么意思的词语和采用什么样的语法形式。

2边读边填，先易后难了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。

分析句子结构，确定空格中应该填写的词，边读边填，遇到一时想不出来的答案，不要用太多时间停留在此题上，先跳过去，做后面的题，待填完其他空格后，再回过头来细细推敲此空的语义，填入最佳单词。

3验证复查，清除难点将所有答案填入空格，并把整篇文章从头至尾读一遍，看其在逻辑、语法结构、搭配等方面是否有误。

三、教授语法填空的建议1夯实基础，抓好词汇的训练从高一开始，教师就可以有针对性地训练学生做语法填空的能力。

教师在讲单词时，讲授一些重点单词的词性转换，让学生有针对性地做一些单句中出现的词性转换题，这些是做语法填空的基础。

2培养学生分析句子的能力让学生熟练掌握句子的基本成分、简单句的五种基本句型和复合句的各种从句。

这是做好语法填空的关键。

在平时教学中，教师可以从阅读课文中选出长难句让学生进行分析并进行指导讲解，逐步提高学生分析长难句的能力。

3语篇阅读能力的培养教师可以选一些逻辑性比较强的英语短文，设计成填空练习题，让学生填空，培养学生的阅读能力。

也可以多做一些与高考形式一致的语法填空题，最好能利用科技手段做完练习后，及时收到测试结果报告，这样学生可以及时查漏补缺，有效地提高做题能力，达到事半功倍的效果。

2018届二轮复习虚拟语气在短文语法填空中考查指导一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用[自主练悟]单句语法填空/单句改错①(2017·北京高考改编)If the new safety system had_been_put (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.②(2017·天津高考改编)—Do you have Betty’s phone number?—Yes.Otherwise, I wouldn’t_have_been (not be) able to reach her yesterday.③(2017·银川一中二模)If you had planted it in a good place, at least someone would_have_enjoyed (enjoy) the fruit.④(2015·四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them？are→were[谨记规律]虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用[自主练悟]单句语法填空/单句改错①(2015·天津高考改编)I wish I had_been_ (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.②(2014·陕西高考改编)We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.③(2017·潍坊中学模拟)It is time I did/should_do (do) something in return for their love.④(2017·肇庆市模拟)He was still running with a smile on his face, as if nothing_had_happened (happen)．⑤(2017·银川一中二模)I suggest that our school must take measures to encourage more students to take part in sports.must→should 或去掉must[谨记规律]虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用1．wish后面的宾语从句：(1)表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；(2)表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时；(3)表示与将来事实相反，从句用would/could＋动词原形。

专题六情态动词和虚拟语气(+阅读理解+短文改错+书面表达)A级基础过关Ⅰ.单句填空1.If it rain tomorrow,I wouldn’t probably go and see the football match tomorrow.答案should2.It’s too bad that my computer has got a new virus.If only I (not) run that programme!答案had not3.How I wish I (can) use the software to design computer programs.答案could4.If I (be) you,I would pay more attention to English idioms and phrases.答案were5.If you (take) my advice when you were in high school,you wouldn’t be doing this kind of jobs now.答案had taken6.I could have helped you,but I (be) busy then.答案was7.I would rather you (make) an apology to your father for your behaviour right away.答案made8.Bob visited my family today,but I would rather he (come)last weekend. 答案had come9.Stop watching TV,Tonny.It’s time that you (sleep).答案slept/should sleep10.(have) you not been careless,you would have passed the driving test. 答案HadⅡ.单句改错1.If you could provided more specific information,I would be well grateful.答案provided→provide2.But in fact,Gorka can quite shy,even around the people he has known for a while.答案can后面加be3.As for the consumers,they had better have their own judgment and not were puzzled by ads.答案were→be4.Sorry,I am too busy now.If I have time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.答案have→had5.Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence were put into prison.答案were→be6.Professor Li hasn’t turned up now.He mustn’t have missed the flight.答案mustn’t→may或could或might7.Electric Library ought be made accessible to all the students in school.答案ought后面加to8.We needn’t to wait for him any longer.Perhaps he won’t come to the meeting.答案去掉to wait中的to9.—Where is the cup,dear?—You might put it in the kitchen.答案might后面加have10.He can have taken the wrong train,or else,he has arrived now.答案can→could或may或mightB级能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2018河北衡水中学押题卷二)When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes“finding solutions to real problems”,it was hard to imagine this dynamic 11-year-old girl could settle a problem that has escaped scientists for years.In just three months,Rao came up with a device(装置)that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water.Inspired by the current litigation(诉讼) in Flint,Michigan,a case of water pollution from 2014 to 2015,Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named America’s Top Young Scientist for 2017.Rao had been following the water problem for about two years.She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this.Gitanjali spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment.At home,Gitanjali worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her.Rao has created a device that uses three parts:a cartridge,a Bluetooth reader and an app.To put it simply,the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(纳米管) that react to lead.This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader,which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.Rao appropriately named the device Tethys after the Greek goddess of fresh water,and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on themarket.While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines,lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development.With Rao believing that the“purpose of science is to make a difference”,her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。

专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定，每年总有一至两个题，可以单独考查，也可以结合虚拟语气考查。

命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握，难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。

其考点主要包括：1．考查情态动词的基本用法。

如： can和could的用法及区别； will和would的用法及区别； must 的用法； shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法； need的用法等。

2．考查情态动词的“推测”功能。

如：can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：(1)注意语气。

语气较强用must, cannot，couldn't; 语气较弱用may，might或can，could;(2)注意句式。

在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could; (3)注意时态。

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词＋动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词＋进行体”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词＋完成体”结构。

3．考查情态动词的特殊用法。

如：(1)cannot/can't 与too/over/enough/perfectly/sufficiently 等词连用，意为“越……越……”“无论怎样……，……也不为过”“决不会……，……够(过)”。

(2)cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事”。

(3)would 和used to的区别； can 和be able to的区别。

(4)“may/might well＋动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由”；“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是……的好”。

(5)must意为“偏要，硬要”； can用在肯定句中，可以表示客观上的可能性； shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等； should表示估计或推测上的“应该”，意为“可能，该，估计，按理应当”； will 可以表示习惯性和倾向性，意为“惯于，老是，终归是”等。