2021届课标版高考英语一轮复习教师用书：第二部分专题六 形容词和副词

2021新高考英语苏高中形容词副词复习讲义一．形容词1.定义为了使语言生动、准确，在对人、物、场景等进行描述时，往往要用一些修饰词，这些修饰词被称为形容词。

2.高考考点修饰名词、代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征或所处状态。

1)形容词修饰名词，放在所修饰的名词之前，用作前置定语。

It is a beautiful rose.※在下列几种情况下，形容词修饰名词时，形容词须后置，用作后置定语。

a.当不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing, everybody, anybody被形容词修饰时Is there anything wrong with your glasses?b.当名词被最高级、all、every、only、the few修饰，同时被-ible/-able/a-类形容词修饰时I have tried all methods imaginable.He is the greatest man alive.2) 形容词用作表语，放在系动词be, grow, get, become, feel, appear, prove, seem, look, keep, smell, taste, sound, turn, remain之后。

The bedroom is clean.The weather is getting warmer and warmer.3) 形容词用作宾语补足语The news made me crazy.I find it interesting to chat with a child.4) 形容词后若跟动词，一般用动词不定式，且主被动含义都用to do。

Tommy was sad to gety the news.The book is easy to read.5) 与定冠词the一起表示某一类人或物，在句中作主语或宾语。

专题5 形容词和副词1．形容词和副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。

而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。

以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：(1)形容词短语作定语，须后置。

a task difficult to finish(2)表语形容词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，须后置，如a man alive。

有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well，faint，ill只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。

ill如果不是表示身体或精神上“不适的”“不健康的”“有病的”等，而是表示类似bad(不好的)的意思，则通常只作定语。

He’s been ill since then.By ill luck，my flight had been cancelled.(3)形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词如anything，something等时，通常后置。

I have something important to tell you.(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

(5)enough修饰名词前置或后置；修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。

(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。

We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.(7)频度副词如often，always，usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。

(8)副词作定语，须后置。

The person there is waiting for you.(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词＋大小、长短或高低词＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。

专题六　形容词和副词考点1　形容词的基本用法形容词作宾语补足语★★☆典例1　[2019江西南昌三模,61]From news articles and recipes to yoga classes, you can find almost everything on the Internet. Many people find this way of life more (convenience).句意:从新闻文章、食谱到瑜伽课,你几乎可以在网上找到所有的东西。

很多人觉得这种生活方式更方便。

此处是"find+宾语+宾补"结构,此处的宾补由形容词充当,所以填convenient。

convenient考点2　副词的基本用法副词的语法功能★★☆典例2　[2019四川成都一诊,62]As simple as the name suggests, Walking Football is (definite)just playing football at walking pace.句意:顾名思义,"步行足球" 当然就是以步行的速度踢足球。

分析句子结构可知,空处修饰副词just,故应用definite的副词形式。

definitely常见的修饰或连接句子的副词★★☆典例3　[2020江西南昌重点中学段考,63]Walking at a pace of 4 mph burns around 300 calories per hour. (consequent), power walking, in addition to a healthy diet, helps manage your weight.根据语境可知,空处前后句表示因果关系;分析句子结构可知,空处在句首,修饰整个句子,作状语, 故用所给词的副词形式。

该空位于句首,首字母应大写。

Consequently典例4　[2020广东六校联考,68] (amazing), it has been proved that if drunk regularly, white tea will greatly benefit people’s physical and mental health.分析句子结构可知,空处位于句首修饰整个句子,作状语,故用所给词的副词形式;该空位于句首,首字母应该大写。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher (high) than they actually are.解析：根据句中的than可知，此处应用形容词比较级。

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer (long) than non-runners.解析：根据空后的than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填longer。

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the loudest (loud) of all.解析：根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应用副词最高级。

4．(2018·浙江卷)There could be an even higher (high) cost on your health.解析：此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。

根据even可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even worse (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析：根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用副词比较级形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。

第二节形容词和副词(对应学生用书第230页)考点一形容词和副词的基本用法及比较等级一、形容词的基本用法1．形容词作定语(1)一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词前。

但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词的后面。

①形容词作定语修饰some，any，every，no和body, thing，one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。

—Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. 鲍勃，有什么不对吗？你看上去闷闷不乐。

—Oh, nothing much. In fact, I was just thinking of my friends.噢，没什么，其实我只是在想念我的朋友们。

②以－able或－ible结尾的形容词可置于前有形容词最高级或only等词修饰的名词后面。

This is the only solution possible.这是唯一可行的解决方法。

(2)有些形容词作前置定语和后置定语意义不同。

①the present people 现在的人们；the people present 在场的人们②the absent students心不在焉的学生；the students absent 缺席的学生③the concerned teachers 忧心忡忡的老师们；the teachers concerned(与……)有关的老师们(3)多个形容词作定语的排列顺序。

请记住以下口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。

all these last few days 最近的这些日子some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花an old brown woolen carpet一件旧的棕色羊毛地毯2．形容词作状语形容词作状语时表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方式。

He returned home after the heavy work，cold and hungry.劳累了一天后他回到了家，又冷又饿。

形容词和副词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher (high) than they actually are.解析：根据句中的than可知，此处应用形容词比较级。

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer (long) than non­runners.解析：根据空后的than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填longer。

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the loudest (loud) of all.解析：根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应用副词最高级。

4．(2018·浙江卷)There could be an even higher (high) cost on your health.解析：此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。

根据even可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more fo od to try to make up for that something missing.Even worse (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析：根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用副词比较级形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。

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形容词和副词【考纲解读】根据考试大纲,考生要具备在特定语境中选择恰当的形容词、副词的能力，掌握它们的语法特点及语义差异。

由此可见，形容词和副词在高考试题中占很重要的地位.高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下两点:（1)形容词的比较级和最高级;(2）在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义。

【考点纵横】【考题导引】1．(2016·全国Ⅱ，41)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work， you should take a step back and identify （识别）those of________（great）and less importance.2．(2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错)The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me 。

They were also the best and worse years in my life.________ 3．（2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错）At one time，I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.________4．（2016·四川，短文改错）At dinner, we said to Mom，“Happy Mother’s Day!"She was grateful and moving。

语基必备知识（一）重点词汇——分类记忆I .阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划V1 monster n._l footprint n.1 creature n.」grey adj.Journal n.□sighting n.1 mysterious adj.□surface n.「dive vi.□sceptical adj.1 extinct adj.□evolve vi.1 fierce adj.□generous adj.「unpredictable adj.□border n.1 myth n.□positive adj.II .核心词汇——写其形1. attack vt. 袭击；攻击2. sharp adj. 锋利的；尖的3. claim vt. 声称4. calm adj. 平静的5. cover vt. 占地（多大面积）6. reputation n. 名誉；名声7. indicate vt. 象征；暗示8. identity n. 身份；特性通其变1.fright n.害怕f frighten v t.使害怕f friqhteninq adj.吓人的f frightened ad•.害怕的；受惊的2.exist v i.存在f existence n.存在3.unlikely adj.不可能的f likely adj.可能的4.adapt v i.适应；适合f adaptation n.适应；改编，改写5.disappear v i.不见：消失f appear v i.出现（反义词）6.destroy v.破坏f destruction n.毁坏f destructive Q的.破坏性的7.fortune n.运气；命运；财富f fortunate adj.幸运的f fortunately ad v.幸运地会用累'瞒超拓展1.由calm所想到的① cool adj. 冷静的② quiet adj. 安静的③ still adj. 不动的④ silent adj. 沉默的2.“五颜六色”大世界① grey 灰色的② pink 粉色的③ brown 褐色的④ purple 紫色的⑤ yellow 黄色的3.fortune “一家人”① misfortune n.厄运② fortunate adj. 幸运的③ unfortunate adj. 不幸的④ fortunately ad v. 幸运地©unfortunately ad v. 不幸地（二）重点短语——记牢用活1. die out 灭绝2. cut off 阻挡；切断3. throw light on/upon 帮助弄清楚；阐明某事4. come straight to the point 谈正题；开门见山5. due to 由于；因……造成6. get close_to 接近；靠近7. stick out 突出；伸出8. adapt to 适应•1 . light 相关短语荟萃①throw light on/upon 帮助弄清楚；阐明某事；照亮 ② bring...to light 揭露；披露 ③come to light 为人所知 ④see the light恍然大悟2 .“喜欢”短语集锦⑤ go in for（）背熟巧用I .语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式A .根据汉语提示写出下列单词1. Jamie keeps having a positive （积极的）attitude and running after his goals.2. The older a person is, the slower it will be for him to adapt （适应）to changes.3. He is a well -respected teacher and has won a good reputation （名声）for all he has done for the kids.4. Ms. Alice is considered a generous （慷慨的）lady by us, for she often helps the poor people.5. In China, children are given lucky money in a red envelope to bring good fortune （运气）in the New Year. B .根据所给单词写出适当形式6. A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction （destroy ） of the rainforests.7. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket covering （cover ） the desert. 8. She didn ' t really see her attacker （attack ）.① go for选择；喜欢 ②be fond of 爱好；喜爱 ③ be keen on 热衷于；喜爱 ④care for 关心；喜欢 爱好；喜欢9.This knife is hard to cut something in two, and it needs sharpening（sharpen）.10.Mrs.Green didn' t realise there was a gap existing（exist） between her and her son.II .语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1. （2019・全国卷111） When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says moreabout the student.攻击；抨击2. （2019・全国卷I ） Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? 声誉3. a.（2019・江苏卷）Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat- eating animals.锋利的b .（福建卷）Nowadays, there is a sharp increase in children's creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.（角度、变化等）急剧的；明显的此选词成篇stick out; be sceptical about; be related to; throw light on/upon; die outThere exists a problem why so many species have l.died out. As for it, some scientists think it 2.is related__to extreme climate change, while others 3.are sceptical about it. However, neither side can help 4.throw light on/upon the real reason. Hopefully, with the development of science and technology, the real reason will come to light.close to; come straight to the point; cut off; go for; due toI like reading and 5.go for travelling, because by travelling I can relax myself and get 6.close to nature. Once I visited a mountainous village, which is almost 7.cut off from the outside world. 8.Due to the fact that the scenery there was amazingly beautiful, I stayed for almost a month.IV .完成语段He 1.is said to have made great progress（据说取得了很大进步）in the past weeks. As far as he is concerned, one who doesn' t work hard 2.is unlikely to succeed（不可能成功）.Therefore, 3.his friends of different 口口4$（他不同类型的朋友）are willing to learn from him.网1词汇精研口 exist 说存在，生存，生活，继续存在［基础练习］——单句语法填空① You can ' t imagine what difficulty they have existing on the little money he's earning.②(2019•北京卷)A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing(exist)relationships.③(2019・江苏卷)So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist).［能力提升］——完成句子④有一个解决现存的交通堵塞问题的好办法。