如何做用所给词的适当形式填空

如何做用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。

解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤：1.明确所给词的词性2.弄清所给句子的意思3.确定空白处所需的词性4.正确写出所填的词用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类：一. 对名词的考查1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式：(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。

例如：desk→desks , key →keys, monkey →monkeys, boy →boys等②以-x,-s,-ch ,-sh ,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-es。

例如：fox→ foxes , boss →bosses ,bus →buses, class→ classes, dress → dresses, witness →witnesses, address →addresses, beach →beaches, coach → coaches , couch → couches ,inch →inches ,sandwich →sandwiches , church →churches ,watch →watches ,match →matches ,speech →speeches ,witch → witches ,dish →dishes ,brush →brushes,goldfish →goldfish, fish→fishes , toothbrush →toothbrushes等。

③以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有：zoo →zoos, radio →radios, photo →photos, piano →pianos, kilo →kilos, mango →mangos, bamboo →bamboos, kangaroo → kangaroos。

加-es的有：tomato→tomatoes, potato →potatoes, dodo →dodoes/s,hero → heroes。

④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i，再加-es。

例如：family →families, lady →ladies, baby →babies , copy→copies, body→bodies, century →centuries,diary→diaries, dictionary→dictionaries, factory→factories, library→libraries, battery →batteries, documentary →documentaries, buddy →buddies,ability →abilities, country →countries,butterfly →butterflies,enemy →enemies,memory→memories, balcony→ balconies, laboratory→laboratories, beauty→beauties, charity→ charities, comedy→ comedies, industry→industries, quality→ qualities, reply→ replies, difficulty→difficulties, theory→theories, mystery→mysteries, hobby→ hobbies,story→stories, city→cities, laundry→laundries, activity→ activities等。

⑤以f或 fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或fe为v，再加-es。

例如：half→halves, knife→knives, wife→wives, leaf→leaves, shelf→shelves, herself→themselves, scarf→scarfs / scarves, wolf→wolves等。

考例1：[2005年镇江市]Look! There are some ___ (bird) flying in the sky.分析：所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知，应填名词的复数形式，bird的复数形式是birds，因此应填birds.考例2：[2005年泰州市]Your present is in one of the ____. Can you guess (box)分析：所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式，根据习惯表达“one of the +可数名词复数”可知，应填名词的复数形式，box的复数形式是boxes，因此应填boxes。

考例3：[2004年淮安市]Newspaper reports say that some more ___ (country) have become .(欧盟)members this year.分析：所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式，因此应填countries。

考例4：[2003年济南市]The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people lost their ____. (life)分析：所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，life的复数形式为lives，因此应填lives。

(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)foot→feet, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, policeman→policemen, policewoman→policewomen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen, snowman→snowmen, businessman →businessmen, Englishman→Englishmen, gentleman→gentlemen, salesman→salesmen, mouse→mice/mouses(鼠标),sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese, fish→ fish等。

考例1：[2004年无锡市]It’s good for us to brush our ____ (tooth) after meals.分析：所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，而tooth的复数形式是不规则的，为teeth，因此应填teeth。

2.考查名词的所有格考例1：[2005年泰州市]Chocolate is usually _____ favorite food. (child)分析：所给的词child是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物”可知，所填的词在句中作定语，应用复数名词的所有格作定语，child的复数形式的所有格为children’s，因此应填child ren’s。

考例2：[2005年淮安市]Tomorrow is ___ (father) Day. What will you do for your dad分析：所给的词father是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，“父亲节”为Father’s Day,因此应填Father’s。

注意：母亲节为Mother’s Day,妇女节为Women’s Day,儿童节为Children’s Day,教师节为Teachers’ Day。

3.考查名词转换成形容词名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况：(1).名词+y → 形容词例如：rain→ rainy, wind→ windy, cloud→ cloudy, sun→sunny, snow→snowy, fog→foggy, mist→misty, health→ healthy, luck→ lucky, unluck→ unlucky, noise→ noisy ,fun → funny, thirst→ thirsty等。

(2).名词+ful→形容词例如：care→careful, thank→thankful, help→helpful, use→ useful, wonder→ wonderful, color→colorful, pain→ painful, success→ successful等。

(3).名词+n→形容词例如：America→American, Russia→Russian, India→Indian, Australia→Australian, Canada→ Canadian, Italy→ Italian等。

(4).名词+ ern→形容词例如：east→eastern, west→western, north→northern, south→ southern等。

(5).名词+ous→形容词例如:danger→ dangerous, fame→ famous等。

注意：friend→friendly, wool→woolen, difference→different, difficulty→difficult, importance→important, pride→proud, person→personal, safety→ safe, confidence→ confident等。

考例1：[2005年镇江市]What a ____ (rain) day! We have to stay at home.分析：所给的词rain在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作定语，修饰day，应用形容词，rain的形容词为rainy，因此应填rainy。

考例2：[2005年徐州市] Too much homework is really ____ (pain) to students.分析：所给的词pain为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作表语，应用形容词，pain的形容词为painful，即应填painful。

4.考查名词变为副词success→successfully, care→carefully, care→carelessly,health→ healthily, noise→ noisily等。

考例：[2005年泰州市]They played so ___ that they lost the football match. (care)分析：所给的词care在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作状语，修饰played，应用副词，care的副词为carefully,即应填carefully。