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2014年八年级英语下册unit8 --10知识点归纳（人教版）八年级下unit8---10 知识点归纳1 现在完成时：1)含义：表示动作过去发生，但与现在有联系或影响，此时态常与以下时间词连用，如alread已经,et已经，还，ust刚刚,ever曾经,s far 到目前为止,befre从前,ties次数,fr+时间段，sine自从…以,h lng多久，在过去…never从不，in the past…2)．结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（have/has是助动词，没有“有”的意义）肯定句：She has finished her r她完成了她的工作。
’t一般疑问句：Has she finished her r?_es,she has/N,she,hasn否定句: She hasn’t finished her r3)．动词的过去分词的构成：规则动词的过去式就是过去分词，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
4)．现在完成时态与一般过去时的区别：句子中如有esterda,last,ust n,in1999等过去时间词出现就只用一般过去时。
)．特别提醒：句子中如有hen出现，一定不能用完成时例题：A:a has read the b,B:hen did he read it?A:Last eeend2 Have/has gne t,去了（还没有回）Have/has been t,去过（已经回）例：1)-here is ur sister?-She has gne t the librar她去图书馆了（没有回，还在图书馆）2)I have been t Beiing an ties我去过北京很多次了。
（我已经回了，没在北京了）2h lng,fr+时间段，sine不能与瞬间动词连用。
例：1）I have__B__the b fr t dasAbught Bhad finished解析：由于此题出现fr t das,又因为bught，finished是瞬间动词，所以选择延续性动词had。
U n i t8H a v e y o u r e a d T r e a s u r e I s l a n d y e t?本单元讨论的主题是“文学和音乐,其功能项目是“谈论最近发生的事情和经历"。
语言目标是让学生学会现在完成时态的用法。
在本单元结束时我们要达到的教学目标是让学生初步掌握现在完成时态的用法,学会用英语谈论最近发生的事情和经历,能够就文学和音乐的话题展开讨论。
一、现在完成时1.表示的意义（1）表示过去发生或者已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如——Have you had your lunch yet ?____Yes, I have .I have just had it .(现在我不饿了。
）（2）表示动作或状态从过去到现在某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，而且可能还要延续下去。
例如I haven’t seen her for these days .I have known Bob for three years .2.结构：have\has + done (动词过去分词）注意：规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需逐个记忆。
（详见课本P.136 不规则动词表）3.基本句式肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 过去分词+...I have finished my homework.否定句:主语+haven’t ( have not) +过去分词…主语+hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词...I haven’t finished my homework.一般疑问句:Have / Has+主语+过去分词...?Have you finished your homework?特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+p.p(过去分词）+其它What have you finished these days ?4.常见标志词 already , yet , just ,ever , never ,before 等5.难点辨析 already 和 yet 的用法：两者都可用于现在完成时的标志词，但是它们的用法不同。
一、同步知识梳理1、Oliver Twist is about a boy who went out to sea and found an island full of teasure.《雾都孤儿》写一个男孩出海，发现了一个满是宝藏的岛。
【解析1】画线部分是用来修饰“ a boy”的定语从句。
定语从句：定义：用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后关系代词：引导定语从句的连词有关系代词: 主要有that, which, who, 关系代词在从句中的主用例h句boywhois weari ng a black jacket is very cute.whom 指人，作宾语（可省略）Do you know the young man (whom )we met this morning ?that 指人或物，作主语、宾语（可省略）A pla ne is a mach ine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which 指物，作主语、宾语（可省略）The book( which) I gave you is very in teresti ng.This is the book which is about Chin ese history.练一练(1)—Do you know the little boy _____ is helpi ng the old mancross the road?—No. But how nice he is!A. whichB. whoC. Whom(2)_____________________________ Sorry,we don'have the coat you need.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which(3)The book _____ he bought yesterday is very interesting.A./B.whoC.whomD.what(BDA)【解析2】full of treasure是形容词短语充当后置定语，修饰“ island”，相当于“ filled with treasure"。
人教版八下Unit 8 重点知识清单一、重点词汇1.treasure：珠宝；财富2.island：岛3.page：页；面；张4.hurry：匆忙；赶快5.ship：船6.tool：工具7.gun：枪8.mark：迹象；记号；分数9.sand：沙子10.towards：朝；向；对着nd：陆地；大地12.fiction：小说13.technology：科技；工艺14.French：法语15.pop：流行音乐16.rock：摇滚乐17.forever：永远18.abroad：在国外；到国外19.fan：迷；狂热爱好者20.southern：南方的21.modern：现代的；当代的22.success：成功23.belong：属于；归属ughter：笑；笑声25.beauty：美；美丽26.record：唱片；记录27.introduce：介绍；引见28.line：行；排二、重点短语1.hurry up：快点2.be full of：充满…3.ever since：从那时起4.one another：互相5.such as：例如6.belong to：属于7.bring back：恢复；再次使用；使想起8.country music：乡村音乐9.pop music：流行音乐三、重点语法1.How long：①“多长”，对物体的长度提问。
②“多长时间”，对时间段、for+时间段、since+时间点提问。
eg：How long is the river? 这条河有多长？How long have you been Beijing? 你到北京多久了？2.One… ; the other… . 一个…… , 另一个…… 。
eg：He has two sons. One is a doctor; the other is a teacher.3.make作为“使役动词”的用法：make sb. + adj.make sb. + do sth. (在被动语态中要把省略的to还原回来：sb. be made to do sth.)make sb. + n.lon：百万用法：数词+million：…..百万millions of ：数以百万计的thousand 、hundred 用法相同。
八下Unit8 知识点1.中考之现在完成时(1)定义：①过去的动作对现在的影响②过去的动作或状态一直持续到现在,有可能还会持续下去(2)结构: 肯定：have/has done否定：have n’t /hasn't done一般疑问：have/has+主语done---—Yes，主语have/has—No，主语haven't /hasn't (3)常见的标志词:already(已经)、just(刚刚)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)、before(以前)、yet(仍然)、since+过去时间:(自从)、for+一段时间(：持续)··so far(到目前为止)、recently(最近)in the past few years(在过去的几年里) (4)考向一：不规则动词小小纸考向二already与yet：①already放在肯定句的句中yet放在否定和疑问句的句末②already与yet在同义句中转化（必考）例1：肯定：I have already had breakfast我已经吃过早饭了否定：I haven't had breakfast yet 我还没吃早饭例2：否定：I haven't done my homework yet 我还没有做作业肯定：I have already done my homework我已经做完作业了例3：--Has your sister finished reading it yet?你姐读完了吗？---Yes, she has already finished it 是的，她已经读完考向三：have/has been+介词：①have/has been to 曾经去过某地(回来了)可与never、ever 、just、twice 等副词连用例1：He has been to Germany 3 times 他去过德国三次了②have/has gone to 去了某地(没回来)例2：She is not here, she has gone to France她不在这儿，她去法国了③have/has been in/at+地点for+一段时间：在某地一直待了多长时间例3：He has been in Australia for half a year他在澳洲待了半年了④have/has been here/there/home去过这儿/那儿/家里例4：---Have you ever been there？你去过那儿吗？---No I have never been there before不，我之前没去过⑤have/has been in+组织：加入某组织（是某组织的成员）例5：He has been in the army for 3 years他参军三年了⑥have/has been+形容词（或名词）呈现···状态例6：The shop has been open for ten years这家店营业十年了例7：We have been friends since we were five 我们从五岁起就一直是朋友考向四：since与for①since+过去时间点(如年、月、日、几点)since 5 o'clock自从5点起since1983自从1983年起②since+一段时间+ago=for+一段时间since three months ago自从三个月前=for three months 例：I haven't changed since 20 years ago.=I haven't changed for 20 years我已经二十年没变了③since一般过去的从句since you left home自从你离开家后④It is+一段时间+since一般过去时的从句例：It is five years since I came here我来这儿五年了⑤for一段时间例句：---Did you see Mr.Huo yesterday? ----你昨天看见霍老师了吗？---No, I haven’t seen him for a long time ---没，我很长时间没看见他了⑥How long提问since+过去时间和for一段时间例：---How long have you lived in Zhangqiu？你在章丘住了多久了？--- I have lived here since I found a job --自从我找到工作就一直住在这儿考向五：现在完成时与一般过去式的转变例：I have kept the book for five days.=I borrowed the book five days ago我五天前借的这本书考向六：瞬间动词与延续性动词①buy购买---have拥有②finish结束--be over结束③borrow借---keep保留④put on穿上----wear穿着⑤come来go去become变成--------be在、是⑥die死--be dead死了的⑦fall ill生病—-be ill病了的⑧join the Party入党----be a Party member是一个党员⑨lose丢失---not have没有⑩go to school去上学---b e a student是一名学生（或者be in school在学校中）(11) leave离开----be away远离的)12) fall asleep睡着---be asleep睡着的(13) close关闭--be closed关闭的(14) make friends交朋友--be friends是朋友(15) get up起床--- be up起来的(16) join the army参军---be a soldier是一名军人（或：be in the army在部队中服役）(17) catch a cold感冒---have a cold感冒(18) arrive/reach到达-- be in/ at是在(19) begin/start开始--be on是开始的(在上映)2.中考之询问某人的看法①What’s sb/sth like?某人某物体咋样？②同义句:How do you like sth /sb?= What do you think of sth /sb?③What does/do sb look like?某人长啥模样？例1:---What’s Mr. Huo like?霍老师咋样？---He’s quiet and a little shy. 他安静且有些羞涩例2：You can’t imagine what the world will be like in 100 years?你无法想象100年后的世界将是什么样子的？3.中考之full / fill①full满满的(形容词) ②fill装满(动词)③be full of装满····的④fill A with B用b装满a ⑤be filled with B:用b装满了例句：Q is a classic. It’s about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an island full of treasure.Q是一部名著，它是关于一个男孩出海，并发现了一个满是宝藏的岛屿的故事（注①:full of treasure充满宝藏的(定语后置修饰前面的island)注②:a boy 是先行词，who 引起的句子做boy的后置定语）例2：The basket is full of flowers.=The basket is filled with flowers篮子里装满了花4.中考之grow up①grow-grew-grown成长②grow up长大例句：It’s about 4 sisters growing up.= It’s about the growing up of 4 sisters它是关于四个姐妹的成长的故事5.中考之put down①put down写下来，放下=write down= take down②can’t put sth down对某物爱不释手③put away收好④put off推迟⑤put on穿上⑥put up张贴，搭建,举起⑦put back放回⑧put out熄灭⑨put into输入例1：We can't put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制定计划。
新目标解读八年级下册第八单元知识点解析Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?一.重点词组1. 幸运儿 lucky guy2. 做一顿特别的饭 make a special meal3. 你自己的选择 your own choices4. 大腹便便的猪 a pot-bellied pig5. 好伙伴 good company6. 带某人出去 take sb. out to do7. 睡着 fall asleep8. 半途中 half way9. 树上的一片叶子 a leaf from a tree10. 赠送 give away11. 公园长椅 park bench12. 试着做某事 try to do sth.13. 通过不同的方式 in different ways14. 来自于中国各地 from across China=from all over China15. 在舞台上 on stage16. 各种年龄层 all age groups17. 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.18. 取得进步 make progress19. 奥委会 the Olympic Committee20. 从……中得到乐趣 have fun with sth.21. 讲本族语的人 native speakers22. 使某人对某事感兴趣 make sb. interested in23. 与其……（不如……）rather than二.交际用语1. What should I get for sb…?2. How about sth./doing sth.?3. How do you like sth.?4. What about sth./doing sth.?5. Why don’t you buy/get…?6. Why not buy/get…?7. They’re too expensive/cheap/personal…8. Great!/Good idea!/OK…. I’ll get/buy…9. My best gift is…10. It’s good for sb. to…11. It can make sb….三.重点难点释义1. How about … ?What about … ?这两种句式都可以用来向他人提出建议，表示“……怎么样？” “你认为……如何？”，后面连接名词或者动名词（动词ing形式）。
Unit 8 知识点一、单词1.an island 一个岛屿2.classic (n.)经典----- classical(adj.)经典的古典的二、短语1. full of = filled with 充满(作定语）be full of = be filled with 充满（作表语）We love the room full of books.=We love the room filled with books.2.特殊问词+不定式（作宾语）Tell me where to go .I don’t know how to answer you .3.finish doing sth 做完…We have finished washing clothes.4.put down 放下动副型短语，代词放中间Put your phone downPut it / them down5.on Page 63 on Page 1106.at least 至少You should at least tell me the reason.I have read the book at least three times.7.the back of …. 在背面the back of the computer8.hurry up 赶快Hurry up ,or you’ll be late.in a hurry 匆忙地He left in a hurry.9.be due 预定The party is due on May 3rd.10.bring sth back 把….带回来Have you brought your bag back ?11.lose one’s life 丧生She lost her life in the car accident .12.kill… for …为….而杀害….Kill the dog for its meat13.else 其他的，放在特殊疑问词和不定代词的后面other 其他的，放在名词前Where else did you visit ? =What other places did you visit ?What else does he like ? =What other things does he like ?I saw nothing else.14.one… ,the other …. 两者中的一个…..另一个…I bought two T-shirts.One is blue ,the other is orange. /call sb sth 叫….人….My father named me Jane . We call the boy Tom.e …. to do sth 用….做…. use a bike to carry the books17.in the middle of …在…..中间He stands in the middle of the room. The desk is in the middle of the hall .18.leave… behind 留下，遗落leave my keys behind leave them behind19.must be +n./adj./介词短语肯定，一定..He must be a fan .Your mother must be in the middle of the park.20.a good way to do sth 一个做....的好方法on one's way to +地点名词在去..的路上on one's way +地点副词在去..的路上I find a good way to improve my grades.Can you tell me a good way to achieve my dream ?He is on his way to school .They are on their way home.ed to +动词原形过去常常做...be used to doing sth 习惯/适应做....They used to bring some stones back .We are used to taking risks in the mountains.She gets used to drinking milk for breakfast.22.fight over /about…为......而争辩fight with ... 和....战斗/斗争fight for .... 为....而斗争fight against 为....反对而战斗They fight over the tour.He used to fight over money with his wife.fight with the terroristsfight for freedomfight against pollution23.abroad 在国外副词放在行为动词后work abroad live abroad24.make sb do sth 使人做....make us put down the gun25.ever since+短语/从句自从I haven’t seen him ever since last month .主句+现在完成时+(ever )since + 一般过去时Ever since her CD came out ,she has become popular.I have fallen in love with rock music ever since I listened to it.26. a fan of ... ...... 的迷 a fan of basketball27.a traditional kind of food / culture 一种传统食物/文化28.the home of ….的发源地/ 故乡Sichuan is the home of hotpot.29. 名词形容词•east 东方eastern 东方的•south 南方southern 南方的•west 西方western 西方的•north 北方northern北方的eastern Asia northern food30.success成功（名词）succeed成功（动词）succeed in doing sth 成功地做successful 成功的（形容词）successfully成功地（副词）His success made us surprised.She needs a successful feeling.We succeed in work out the problem.Jane achieved her dream successfully.31.belong to + 名词/代词宾格属于The bike belongs to him.The island belongs to China .32.bring sth back to +名词带回到...bring the happy feeling back to our livesbring him back to his hometown 33.be kind to sb 对...人友善Tom is kind to everyone.34.each other = one another 互相We have communicated with one other.They should learn from each other.35.remind sb of sth 使.....人想起...remind sb to do sth 提醒....人去做...The classical music reminds me of the quiet life .The story reminded him of his happy childhood .Mom usually reminds me to work hard.36.It's one's dream/ job/duty to do sth 做.....是..的梦想/工作/职责It's my dream to achieve the plan.It's his job to take down the broken windows.37.do a research on …做关于…的研究do a research on pandas38.hope/expect/wish to do 希望/期待做....expect /wish sb to do sth 希望/期待..人做....Everyone hopes/expects/wishes to succeed.Our parents expect/wish us to read more books.I hope you all will get a good mark.39.see/ watch /hear sb do sth 看见/听见..人做了..（经常看到听到或把整个过程看完听完）I often see them play basketball after school.He saw the thief leave the shop.40.live 居住（动词）She lives in the countryside.live直播（形容词/副词）I watched them play ping-pong alive.三、语法：现在完成时1.意义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?一、词汇与短语◆重点单词A部分1．treasure 珠宝；财富n.2．gun 枪；炮n.3．island 岛n.4．mark 迹象,记号,分数n. 做记号,打分v. 5．classic 经典作品；名著n.6．sand 沙滩；沙n.7．page (书刊或纸张的)页，面，张n.8．towards 朝；向；对着prep. 9．hurry 匆忙；赶快v.10．land 陆地；大地n.11．due 预期；预定adj.12．fiction 小说n.13．ship 船n.14．technology 科技；工艺n.15．tool 工具n.16．French 法语n.B部分1．pop 流行音乐；流行乐曲n.2．success 成功n.3．rock 摇滚乐n.4．belong 属于；归属v.5．band 乐队n.6．laughter 几笑；笑声n.7．forever 永远adv.8．beauty 美；美丽n.9．abroad 在国外；到国外adv.10．million 一百万num. 11．actually 真实地；事实上adv.12．record 唱片, 记录n. 录制, 录音v. 13．fan 迷；狂热爱好者n.14．introduce 介绍；引见v. 15．southern 南方的adj.16．line 行；排n.17．modern 现代的；当代的adj.◆重点短语A部分1．hurry up 赶快；急忙2．go out to sea 出海3．science fiction 科幻小说4．an island full of treasures满是金银财宝的岛5．full of 满是……的;大量的;丰富的6．live in the United Kingdom 住在英国7．write about……写下……8．grow up 长大；成长9．put down 放下10．on page 25 在第25页11．at least 至少12．wait for 等待13．the book report 读书报告14．be due in two weeks 两周到期15．bring back 带回；取回16．arrive on this island 到达这座岛17．lose one's life 失去生命18．go out with one's gun 带枪出去19．kill……for……为……杀……20．grow fruit and vegetables 种植水果和蔬菜21．the marks of…………的足迹22．on the sand 在沙滩上23．who else 还有谁24．how long 多长时间25．live with sb. 和某人住在一起26．a broken ship 一艘破船27．run towards……向……跑去28．a piece of land 一块土地29．travel in the sea 在大海中航行30．in the middle of 在……中间31．leave behind 留下B部分1．country music 乡村音乐2．pop music 流行音乐3．one another/each other 互相4．the number of…………的数量5．study abroad 在国外学习6．fight over sth. with sb. 因某事和某人打架7．be full of=be filled with 充满……8．on the radio在收音机上9．ever since 自从10．the home of country music乡村音乐的故乡11．belong to 属于12．bring sb. back to 带某人回到……13．remind sb. that 提醒某人14．in life在人生中15．the beauty of nature 大自然的美16．have been to……去过……17．read a lot about 读很多关于……18．do some research on sth.对某事/某物做研究19．sing live 现场演唱20．introduce……to……把……介绍给……◆重点句子A部分1．—Have you read Little Women yet? 你读过《小妇人》吗？—No,I haven't .Have you? 不, 我没有。
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?课文重难点讲解Section A1. Have you read Little Woman yet? 你读过《小妇人》这本书吗？【解析】现在完成时现在完成时的基本句型：肯定式：主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词现在完成时的主要用法:1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。
.I have finished my homework. I am free(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for +一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。
I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)already/ yet的区别：a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。
My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
Have you written to your parents yet?【2012成都】45. —Jack, let’s go to see the movie Harry Potter.—Oh, I ______ it many times. So I don’t want to see it.A. have seenB. seeC. will see 【2012广】33. —Why don’t you go to the movie with me, Betty?—Because I ______ it before.A. sawB. have seenC. see2.What’s it like? 它怎么样？【解析】某物怎么样？What’s +物+like?How+be + 物？某人怎么样？What’s +人+like? 用来提问人的性格What do / does +人+ look like?用来提问人的外表。
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet？（I）一、知识概述1．学习和掌握本单元出现的生单词、词组和句型。
2．学习和掌握现在完成时的用法。
3．学习和掌握already和yet在现在完成时中的运用。
二、单元重难点解析1．—Have you read Little Women yet？你读过《小妇人》吗？—Yes, I have. ／No, I haven’t. 是的，我读过。
／不，我没有读过。
这个句子是现在完成时用法。
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
其构成为have/has加动词的过去分词形式。
e.g.I have finished my homework.我已经完成了家庭作业。
（强调对现在的影响，作业已经完成了。
）I have seen this film.我已经看过这部电影了。
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。
）What have you done？你做了什么？2．Oliver Twist is about a boy who went out to sea and found an island full of treasures.《雾都孤儿》是关于一个男孩出海，并发现了一个充满宝藏的岛屿（的故事）。
full of此处是形容词短语，意为“充满……；装满……”，在句中作后置定语。
此外，也可在句中充当状语或表语。
e.g.He received several baskets full of cards, letters of congratulations.他收到了几个装满贺卡和贺信的篮子。
（后置定语）Robinson Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.鲁滨逊盯着那个脚印，满怀恐惧。
（状语）As we returned home, everything seemed to be full of 1ife.当我们回到家时，一切似乎都洋溢着生气。
