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非谓语动词不定式非谓语动词——不定式不定式的2种形式不定式在句子中的成分say is easy and is hard.主语主语To say is easy and is hard.To see is to believe.主语’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.形式主语真正主语该类形容词有：difficult/hard/important/possible/adj. 修饰sth. j dj f b h 形式主语真正主语impossible/comfortable/necessary 等该类形容词有：adj. 修饰sb.’s +adj. of sb. to do sth.类形容有kind/nice/stupid/rude/clever/foolish/thoughtful/brave/considerate 等It ’s interesting It ’s kind of you to help To see is to believe 表语To see is to believe .对于一个老师来说最重要的事The most important thing for a 是公平地对待每个学生.The most important thing for a teacher is to treat every student equally.三. 作宾语The bird wants to find something to drink.宾语+不定式作宾语的动词有：三个希望两答应：hope, wish, want, agree, promise 两个要求未拒绝：设法学会做决定：不需假装在选择p ,,,g ,p demand, ask, fail, refuse manage, intend, learn, decide, determine 不需假装在选择：desire, pretend, choose But the bird found it hard to find water.主语+find/think +it + adj. + to do sth.形式宾语真正宾语j 宾补asks me to do exercises.主谓关系advise, allow, ask, wish ll h want, get, order, tell, teachTo make me study better, my mother asks me to do exercises.make me study (省略to 的)宾补的宾补的动词有：,y y listen to, hear)let,have)make, let, have) see, notice, observe, watch)注意：五. 作定语作定语The bird wants to find something to drink 定语The bird wants to find something to drink .I want to find a comfortable pillow to lie on.d b 目的状语To make me study better , my mother exercises.The cat is too control itself 结果状语The cat is too excitedto control itself .---Lucy had a bad cold. ---I am sorry to hear that.原因状语o e .to leave didn’t tell his 宾语when to leave and t tell his how to improve their products.宾语The man lost his way, so he didn’t know where to go.。
一、主谓一致原则：语法一致1. 单数主语即使后面带有with, along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语，谓语动词仍用__________。
如：Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。
No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外，没有一个人迟来用餐。
【练习】Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ______ visit Beijing this summer.A. is going toB. are going toC. was going toD. were going to2. 不定式（短语），动名词（短语），或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。
When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
【练习】What I cann’t understand why more and more students don’t like studying English.A. isB. areC. wasD. were3. one of +复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词为复数。
如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
第一部分非谓语动词之动词不定式I.动词不定式的句法作用A．观察体验1. 翻译下列句子，特别注意划线部分形式及句法功能。
1）To see is to believe.2）I want to go back home.3）I want you to speak to Tom.4）I have a lot of homework to do.5）He came to the school to see his son.6）His dream is to be a doctor.3.不定式在句子中的作用观察下面各句，阅读动词不定式在句子中的作用,并把相应的句子的序号填入到表格中。
1）He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in.2）It is of great help for us to learn English well.3）I didn’t expect Mary to invite me to her birthday party.4）She listens to news every day so as to find out what’s going on.5）The car to be bought is for his sisters.6）The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.7）He is considered to be the best player this year.1.作主语1. 不定式/ 动名词做主语1）不定式作主语一般表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来的动作.e.g. To know the theory is one thing; to put it into practice is another. 2）不定式作主语常用it作形式主语e.g. I t’s important (useful, necessary…) for sb. to do sth2.作宾语1）单选：①If you promise ______ angry with me, I’ll tell you what I broke.a. get notb. not getc. not to getd. not getting②I found _____ to answer all the questions within the time given.a. no possibilityb. there was impossibilityc. impossibled. it impossible2）完成句子：他拒绝借给我自行车。
They refused ______________me his bike.总结：只接不定式做宾语的动词：蓝皮《语法重难点突破》P7 下方表格中注意：当不定式作直接宾语，它后面还有宾语补足语时，需用it 作形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式放在补足语之后。
例如：I found it difficult to identify mistakes. 我发现辨认错误很难。
Do you consider it wise to ignore him? 你认为不理睬他是明智的吗？3.作补语1）用所给的动词的适当形式填空。
①I consider him _________( be) one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School.②I didn't hear anyone________( say ) anything about it.③I want you _________(understand )the whole passage clearly.④It’s very kind of you to go and ________( help) her clean the room.⑤He said he preferred to live in the country rather than _______(live) in the city.总结：1）不定式作宾补：△（allow, teach, want, persuade, warn, advise, force, get, tell, call on, depend on…）+sb. to do△( look at / see/watch/notice/observe/make/le t/have/listen to/hear/feel+sb +do(五看三使两听一感觉)△（look at/ see/ watch/notice/observe/ have /listen to/hear/feel/keep/leave/catch /find+sb. doing (现在分词) 2) 不定式作主补：△sb is considered/ said/believed/known/found to do/ to have done ( to do 与be considered同时发生; to have done 发生在be considered 之前)4.作定语①The train to arrive was from London.总结：不定式作___________（前置or后置）定语：不定式位于它所修饰的名词或代词之（前or 后）。
不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是___________关系。
②She has a lot of work to do in the morning总结：不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是__________关系。
③I need a pen to write with.总结：不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的________关系，这里的介词_____________。
④I have no chance to go sightseeing.总结：不定式修饰一些抽象名词。
例如，need, plan, time, chance, right, determination, ability, opportunity（机会），way5. 作表语比较下面两个句子：①My job is teaching English. ②Your task is to go and help the farmers.总结：句子＿＿＿＿特指,一次性具体行为。
句子＿＿＿＿泛指,多次性抽象行为。
６.作状语①They were too excited to say a word.②She came to see me yesterday.③She wouldn’t be so silly to say that.④They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house.挑战题：①The news reporters hurried to the airport only ____ the film stars had left. (2004 福建卷)A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told②Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _____ reduce unemployment pressures. (2010 安徽卷)A. HelpB. to have helpedC. to helpD. having helped注意：意外或事与愿违的结果。
e.g. Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.Ⅱ动词不定式的时态和语态A．观察体验观察下面的句子，完成下面的表格内容。
①I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.②They invited us to go there next week.③Three tablets are to be taken twice a day.④We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.⑤She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.⑥The table seemed to have been moved.B．操练理解1. 单选①I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ？A. to be boughtB. to buyC. for buyingD. bought②The play ________next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. to produceB. being producedC. to be producedD. having been produced.2. 根据汉语完成句子1）给你添了这么多麻烦，真对不起。
I’m sorry____________________________ you so much trouble.2）我们没想到你已经请了他。
We did n’t expect you ___________________________ her.3）据报道他们正在这个地区修建另外一条铁路。
They are reported ______________________another railway across the region.4）我们很高兴这一段时间和你一起学习。
We are happy ______________________________ together with you.5）这个问题还有待解决。
The problem remains ____________________________.6）据报道，又有一所小学已经在汶川建成。
Another primary school is reported _________________________ for Children in Wenchuan.Ⅲ不定式难点突破――不带to的不定式1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。
