语言学选择题练习
Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete
the statement:
D___.
1. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ___
A. bound morpheme
B. bound form
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free morpheme
2. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound ____D______.
A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components
B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes
C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.
D. None of the above.
3. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of____B___.
A. the first element
B. the second element
C. either the first or the second element
D. both the first and the second elements
4. ___B____ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other
morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.
A. Free morphemes
B. Bound morphemes
C. Bound words
D. Words
5. ___C______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the
rules by which words are formed.
A. Syntax
B. Grammar
C. Morphology
D. Morpheme
6. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ___C____.
A. lexical
B. morphemic
C. grammatical
D. semantic
7. Bound morphemes are those that ___D________.
A. have to be used independently
—
B. can not be combined with other morphemes
C. can either be free or bound
D. have to be combined with other morphemes
8. ___A____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of
the original word.
A. Prefixes
B. Suffixes
C. Roots
D. Affixes
9. ____B_____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the
linguists.
A. Words
B. Morphemes
C. Phonemes
D. Sentences
C_____.
10. “
-s” in the word “books” is __
A. a derivative affix
B. a stem
C. an inflectional affix
D. a root
11 Of all the speech organs, the ___C____ is/are the most flexible.
A. mouth
B. lips
C. tongue
D. vocal cords
12. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are __A_ sounds.
A. voiceless
B. voiced
C. vowel
D. consonantal
13. ____B______ is a voiced alveolar stop.
A. /z/
B. /d/
C. /k/
D. /b/
14. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying”a feature of a
sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _____D_______.
B. same
C. exactly alike
D. similar
15.Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can
distinguish meaning, they are said to be ____A_______.
A. in phonemic contrast
B. in complementary distribution
C. the allophones
D. minimal pair
16. The sound /f/ is ____D_____________.
A. voiced palatal affricate
B. voiced alveolar stop
C. voiceless velar fricative
D. voiceless labiodental fricative
17. A __C__ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the
highest position.
A. back
B. central
C. front
D. middle
18. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic
segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ____C___.
A. phonetic components
B. immediate constituents
C. suprasegmental features
D. semantic features
19. A(n) ______D_____ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of
distinctive phonetic features.
A. phone
B. sound
C. allophone
D. Phoneme
20.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are
called the __D__ of that phoneme.
A. phones
B. sounds
D. allophones
21. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be
____C___.
A. prescriptive
B. analytic
C. descriptive
D. linguistic
22. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ___C____.
A. primary
B. correct
C. secondary
D. stable
23. A historical study of language is a __B_____ study of language.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. prescriptive
D. comparative
24. According to F. de Saussure, ___C____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
A. parole
B. performance
C. langue
D. Language
25. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the
speaker. This feature is called ___A____,
A. displacement
B. duality
C. flexibility
D. cultural transmission
26. Of all the speech organs, the __C_____ is/are the most flexible.
A. mouth
B. lips
C. tongue
D. vocal cords
27. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are __A__ sounds.
A. voiceless
B. voiced
C. vowel
D. consonantal
28. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ____A_______.
A. in phonemic contrast
B. in complementary distribution
C. the allophones
D. minimal pair
29. A __C__ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
A. back
B. central
C. front
D. middle
30. A(n) ____D_______ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of
distinctive phonetic features.
A. phone
B. sound
C. allophone
D. phoneme
31. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ___
D___.
A. bound morpheme
B. bound form
C. inflectional morpheme
D. free morpheme
32. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the
meaning of a compound ___D_______.
A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components
B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes
C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.
D. None of the above.
33. ____C_____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the
rules by which words are formed.
A. Syntax
B. Grammar
C. Morphology
D. Morpheme
34. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ____C___.
A. lexical
B. morphemic
C. grammatical
D. semantic
35. ___A____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of
the original word.
A. Prefixes
B. Suffixes
C. Roots
D. Affixes
36. A sentence is considered __D__ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in
the mind of native speakers.
A. right
B. wrong
C. grammatical
D. ungrammatical
37. Phrase structure rules have __A__ properties.
A. recursive
B. grammatical
C. social
D. functional
38. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand ______D_______.
A. how words and phrases form sentences.
B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D. All of the above.
39. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ___A_____.
A. transformational rules
B. generative rules
C. phrase structure rules
D. x-bar theory
40. The sentence structure is ___D____.
A. only linear
B. only hierarchical
C. complex
D. both linear and hierarchical
41. The syntactic rules of any language are __C__ in number.
A. large
B. small
C. finite
D. infinite
42. The ____D____ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sen-
tences.
A. lexical
B. morphological
C. linguistic
D. combinational
43.“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents ____
B___.
A. the conceptualist view
B. contexutalism
C. the naming theory
D. behaviourism
D___ “You have a bike.”
44. “Can I borrow your bike?”____
A. is synonymous with
B. is inconsistent with
C. entails
D. presupposes
45. _____B______ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning
components, called semantic features.
A. Predication analysis
B. Componential analysis
C. Phonemic analysis
D.
Grammatical analysis
C______.
46. “Alive” and “dead” are ________
A. gradable antonyms
B. relational opposites
C. complementary antonyms
D. None
of the above
47. ______C_____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the
same form.
A. Polysemy
B. Synonymy
C. Homonymy
D. Hyponymy
48. Words that are close in meaning are called _______D_______.
A. homonyms
B. polysemy
C. hyponyms
D. synonyms
49. ____A_____ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.
A. Pragmatics
B. Semantics
C. Sense relation
D. Concept
50. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning
____D_____ is
considered.
A. reference
B. speech act
C. practical usage
D. context
51. A sentence is a ___B______ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in
isolation.
A. pragmatic
B. grammatical
C. mental
D. conceptual
52. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) ____C_____.
A. constative
B. directive
C. utterance
D. expressive
53. Which of the following is true? ___B____
A. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences.
B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences.
C. No utterances can take the form of sentences.
D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.
54. ______C____ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the
change brought about by the utterance.
A. A locutionary act
B. An illocutionary act
C. A perlocutionary act
D. A
performative act
55. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ
____C______.
A. in their illocutionary acts.
B. in their intentions expressed
C. in their strength or force
D. in their effect brought about
56. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, ___D____ might arise.
A. impoliteness
B. contradictions
C. mutual understanding
D. conversational
implicatures
57. English language belongs to ___A______.
A. Indo-European Family
B. Sino-Tibetan Family
C. Austronesian Family
D.
Afroasiatic Family
58. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness
B. Displacement
C. Duality
D. Meaningfulness
59. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _______.
A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing
B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed
C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue
D. All of the above
60. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _______ and
meanings.
A. sense
B. sounds
C. objects
D. ideas
61. A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.
A. right
B. wrong
C. grammatical
D. ungrammatical
62. A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
A. coordinator
B. particle
C. preposition
D. subordinator
63. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.
A. recursive
B. grammatical
C. social
D. functional
64. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
A. how words and phrases form sentences.
B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D. All of the above.
65. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________.
A. transformational rules
B. generative rules
C. phrase structure rules
D. x-bar theory
66. The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.
A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.
B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase
C. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions
D. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary.
67. The sentence structure is ________.
A. only linear
B. Only hierarchical
C. complex
D. both linear and hierarchical
68. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
A. large
B. small
C. finite
D. infinite
69. The ________ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences.
A. lexical
B. morphological
C. linguistic
D. combinational
70._______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.
A. Generative
B. Transformational
C. X-bar
D. Phrase structure
71. The naming theory is advanced by ________.
A. Plato
B. Bloomfield
C. Geoffrey Leech
D. Firth
72. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.
A. the conceptualist view
B. contexutalism
C. the naming theory
D. behaviourism
73. Which of the following is not true?
A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.
C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized.
D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.
74. “Can I borrow your bike?”_______ “You have a bike.”
A. is synonymous with
B. is inconsistent with
C. entails
D. presupposes
75. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.
A. Predication analysis
B. Componential analysis
C. Phonemic analysis
D. Grammatical analysis
76. “Alive” and “dead” are ______________.
A. gradable antonyms
B. relational opposites
C. complementary antonyms
D. None of the above
77. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
A. Reference
B. Concept
C. Semantics
D. Sense
78. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.
A. Polysemy
B. Synonymy
C. Homonymy
D. Hyponymy
79. Words that are close in meaning are called ______________.
A. homonyms
B. polysemy
C. hyponyms
D. synonyms
80. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.
A. grammatical rules
B. selectional restrictions
C. semantic rules
D. semantic features
练习1 1. There is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig. This is one of the design features of language.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 2. Language is a system of two sets of structures, one of sounds and the other of meaning. This is . It makes people possible to talk everything within his knowledge. A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 3. ___ refers to the ability to construct and understand an indefinitely large number of sentences in one’s native language, including those that he has never heard before, but that are appropriate to the speaking situation .A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 4. __ __ refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present, as easily as he does things present. The dog couldn’t be bow-wowing sorrowfully for some lost love or a bone to be lost. A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 5. ______ means language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation, but the linguistic system must be learnt anew by each speaker. A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 6. ______ means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages. A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 7. To say “How are you.” “Hi” to your friends is the ____ __of language. A. directive function B. informative function C. phatic function D. interrogative function 8. “Tell me the result when you finish.” If you want to get your hearer to do something, y ou should use the _____ of language. A. directive function B. informative function C. phatic function D. interrogative function 9. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __ ___. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 10. A linguist is interested in ___A. speech sounds only B. all sounds C. vowels only 11. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A. [t] B. [m] C. [b] D. [p 12. Which of the following sounds is a voiced affricate? A. [y] B. [t∫] C. [z] D. [dЗ] 13. Which of the following sounds is a central vowel? A. [ ? ] B. [ i ] C. [ou] D. [a: ] 14. In the following sounds , ______ is a palatal fricative ? A. [ s ] B. [∫] C. [ l ] D. [θ] 15. In the following sounds, _____ is a voiceless affricative? A. [dЗ] B. [v] C. [t∫] D. [θ] 16. In English if a word begins with a [ l ] or [ r ],then the next sound must be a __ __. A. fricative B. nasal sound C. semi-vowel D. vowel 17. Of the “words” listed below___ is not an English word A. [r∧b ] B. [ l? b ] C. [m?sta:∫] D. [lm?p] 18. ___ are produced when the obstruction created by the speech organs is total and audibly released. A. Back vowels B. Stops C. Fricatives D. Glides 19. The International Phonetic Association devised the INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET in _____. A. 1965 B. 1957 C. 1888 D. 1788 20. ___ is a phonological unit , and it is a unit that is of distinctive value. A. Phone B. Phoneme C. Allophone D. Sound 1. [ f ] is a dental consonant. F 2. Phonology studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. F 7. The three / p / are allophones. T 3. Phoneme is a phonological unit. T 4. Phone is a phonetic unit. T
CHAPTER 1 I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false: T 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. F 2. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. T 3. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole T 4. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. T 5. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. T 6. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning T 7 Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete F 8 Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language T 9. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language F 10. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary F 11. There is universal agreement about the origin of language. F 12. Pet dogs can speak human languages. F 13. All human infants can speak some language. F 14. By creativity we mean the creative use of language as often practiced by poets. F 15. With different cultures there will be different languages. T 16. Not all uses of language are meant to convey new information. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. 1. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be
Chapter One Language 1. Define the following terms 1) discreteness 2) design features 3) arbitrariness 4) duality 5) displacement 6) cultural transmission 7) the imaginative function of language 8) the personal function of language 9) the heuristic function of language 10) language 2. Multiple Choice Directions: In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question or to complete the sentence best. 1) Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang 2) The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade” is ________. A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative 3) In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives. Which function does it perform? A. Interpersonal. B. Emotive. C Performative. D. Recreational. 4) Which of the following properties of language enables language users to overcome the barriers causedby time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. interchangeability. B. Duality. C. Displacement. D. Arbitrariness. 5) Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? —A nice day, isn’t it? —Right! I really enjoy the sunlight. A. Emotive B. Phatic. C. Peformative. D. Interpersonal. 6) Unlike animal communication systems, human language is . A. stimulus free B. stimulus bound C. under immediate stimulus control D. stimulated by some occurrence of communal interest. 7) Which of the following is the most important function of language? A. interpersonal function B. performative function C. informative function D. recreational function 8) In different languages, different terms are used to express the animal “狗”, this shows the nature of --- of human language. A arbitrariness B cultural transmission C displacement D discreteness 9) Which of the following disciplines are related to applied linguistics? A. statistics B. psycholinguistics C. physics D. philosophy 10) has been widely accepted as the father of modem linguistics.
一、单项选择题(每题2分，共20分) 1. “人有人言，兽有兽语”中的“言”属于：(A) A. 语言。 B. 言语。 C. 言语行为。 D. 言语作品。 2. 人运用语言可以说出无限多的句子，这反映了语言的：(C) A. 民族性。 B. 符号性。 C. 生成性。 D. 系统性。 3. 被社团作为母语使用和学习的语言是：(B) A. 人工语言。 B. 自然语言。 C. 共同语。 D. 世界语。 4. 从语言学分科来看，《语言学概论》课属于：(A) A. 一般语言学。 B. 具体语言学。 C. 共时语言学。 D. 历时语言学。 5. “我爱家乡”中“爱”和“家乡”：(B) A. 是聚合关系。 B. 是组合关系。 C. 既是聚合关系又是组合关系。 D. 既非聚合关系又非组合关系。 6. 汉语南方方言比北方方言更接近于古汉语，这反映了语言发展的：(D) A. 渐变性。 B. 相关性。 C. 规律性。 D. 不平衡性。 7.下列说法正确的是：(B) A.义项是最小的语义单位。 B.义素是最小的语义单位。 C.词义的主要内容是语法意义。 D.词义不包括语法意义。 8. 有人说语言是古代文化的“活化石”，这说明语言具有：(C) A. 交际功能。 B. 思维功能。 C. 文化录传功能。 D. 认知功能。 9.“衣领”是“衣服”的：(D) A. 上义词。 B. 下义词。 C. 总义词。 D. 分义词。 10.转换生成语言学的代表人物是：(A) A. 乔姆斯基。 B. 菲尔默。 C. 皮亚杰。 D. 韩礼德。 11.下列说法正确的是（C） A.语言是无限的，言语是有限的。 B.语言是个人的，言语是社会的。 C.语言是一般的，言语是个别的。 D.语言是具体的，言语是抽象的。 12．人类最重要的交际工具是(B) A.文字。 B.语言。 C.书面语。 D.手势语。 13. 下列说法正确的是(A) A.所有的符号都有任意性。 B.有些符号有任意性。 C.只有语言符号有任意性。 D.语言符号没有任意性。 14．词汇变化比语音语法快，这体现了语言发展的(D) A.渐变性。 B.稳固性。 C.相关性。 D.不平衡性。 15.“小王喜欢小李”中“喜欢”和“小李”(B) A.是组合关系。 B.是聚合关系。 C.既是聚合关系又是组合关系。 D.既非聚合关系又非组合关系。 16．语言最重要的功能是(C) A.思维功能。 B.标志功能。 C.交际功能。 D.认知功能。 17．日语属于(B) A.屈折语。 B.粘着语。 C.词根语。 D.编插语。 18．汉语有“姐姐、妹妹”两个词，英语只有“sister”一个词，这反映了语言的(D)
Chapter 1 Introductions to Linguistics I. Choose the best answer. (20%) 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________ A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community 2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. tree B. typewriter C. crash D. bang 3. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is __________. A. interrogative（疑问） B. directive C. informative D. performative 4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform? A. Interpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative√ D. Recreational 5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness 6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? —A nice day, isn’t it? — Right! I really enjoy the sunlight. A. Emotive B. Phatic C. Performative D. Interpersonal 7. __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole 8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. It couldn’t be sorro wful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of __________. A. cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality 9. __________ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language. A. Psycholinguistics B.Anthropological linguistics C. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics 10. __________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics C. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguistics II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%) 11. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.F 12. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.T F?? 13. Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.F T??
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and me thods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to fo rm words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only st udies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies
一、填空１５% 1、语言中最单纯、最常用、最原始和最能产的词是根词。 2、语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字是最重要的辅助???交际工具。 3、我国古代学者为读懂古书而建立的训诂学、文字学、音韵学组成了我国的语文学，通称为“小学”。 4、英语属于印欧语系的日耳曼语族的西部语支。 5、语音可以从生理角度分析它的产生方式，从物理?角度分析它的表现形式（传递过程），从社会功能角度分析它的功能作用。 6、是否能够独立（自由）运用，是区分词和语素的根本特点。 7、现代大多数国家的拼音文字的字母，大多直接来源于拉丁字母。 8、具有不同功能的三种最基本的语法单位是语素、词、句子。 9、语言发展的主要特点是渐变性和不平衡性。 10、我国宪法（１９８２年）第１９条明确规定“国家推广全国通用的普通话”。 二、单项选择题（本大题共26小题，每题1分） 1、下列关于“语言”和“言语”的表述中，不正确的一项是【】 A.语言是社会的，言语是个人的 B.语言是主要的，言语是从属的 C.语言是抽象的，言语是具体的 D.语言是书面的，言语是口头的 答案：D 2、下列关于一般语汇总体特点的表述中，正确的一项是【】 A.构词能力强 B.使用范围窄 C.产生历史长 D. 大多很稳定 答案：B 解析：根据词在语汇系统中的重要程度，可以分为基本语汇和非基本语汇（一般语汇）两大类。 ACD三项都属于基本语汇的特点。 3、区分“单纯词”和“合成词”所依据的是【】 A.词的音节数量 B.词的语素数量 C.词的音形关系 D.词的地位用途 4、语法规则的“系统性”是指【】 A.对语言的结构和成分进行类的概括 B.相同规则可在一个结构里重复使用 C.语法规则之间可以相互推导和解释 D.语法规则的发展变化过程十分缓慢答案：C 解析：ABD三项分别对应的是语法规则的“抽象性”、“递归性”、“稳定性”。 5、语音的四个物理要素中，区别不同的意义起着最为重要的作用的是【】 A、音高 B、音强 C、音长 D、音色 6、元音和辅音本质区别是【】 A、元音的发音可以延长，辅音不可以 B、元音发音响亮，辅音不响亮 C、元音发音时气流不受阻，辅音一定受阻 D、发元音时，发音器官的各个部分均衡紧张；辅音则不然 7、[ε]的发音特征是【】 A、舌面前高不圆唇 B、舌面后高不圆唇 C、舌面前半高不圆唇 D、舌面前半低不圆唇 8、下列关于语义民族性的表述中，正确的一项是【】 A.词义上的民族特点并不明显 B.词的多义化不受民族特点的制约 C.不同的民族语言在词的理性意义上并无差异 D.不同的民族语言在词的非理
语言学考试资料 第一部分选择题 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator主从连词 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化. A、elaboration B、simplification精简 C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca通用语 B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language标准语言 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus角回 B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex
一、单项选择题 1.语言的客观存在形式首先表现为口语。语言学是指研究语言的科学。 2.在个别情况下，当口语已经发生巨大变化而书面语长期保持古代语言的面貌不变 时，就可能产生言文脱节的现象。 3.在我国，白话文代替文言文的时间是五四运动以后。 4.世界各国都把书面语的产生作为文明史的开端。 5.共同的历史文化传统和民族认同感是确定一个“民族”的最根本的标准。 6.语言是最直观最容易识别的民族标志。 7.口语是语言的有声客观存在形式。 8.书面语虽然在口语的基础上产生，但也影响口语的发展。 9.口语和书面语都有两个方面：一方面是表示一定意义的声音或图形，这是一种物 理现象；另一方面则是由声音或图形表示的意义，那是一种心理现象。 10.人与人的口头交际过程是非常复杂的，从通信理论的角度可以将之理解为编码 和解码的过程。 11.主张把语言和言语分开的代表人和集大成的学者是现代语言之父索绪尔，他的 代表作是《普通语言学教程》。 12.语言符号的特点有：任意性、强制性、可变性、离散性、线性。 13.索绪尔创立的语言学，使语言学成为现代意义的科学。 14.言语活动可以分为语言和言语两个分支，即索绪尔提出人类言语活动可分为语 言和言语两个部分。 15.语言和言语：“语言”是言语活动中同一社会群体共同掌握的有规律可循而又 成为系统的那一部分。言语是个人“说话”的具体行为和结果，在每个人的发音、用词和使用的句子结构等方面体现出个人特色。 16.书面语和口语的关系是：前者是第二性的，后者是第-性的。 17.口语和书面语的所谓一致，是指基本的语言成分。 18.语言符号的物质实体（语音）和所表示的意义（语义）之间没有必然的理据关 系，这说明，语言符号具有任意性。 19.语言符号是离散的，在时间这根轴上成线性排列。语言符号的线性特征使离散 的语言符号有可能组合成大小不等的语言单位，组合成连续的语流。 20.在语言系统的各个子系统中，语音系统的系统性最强。 21.语言系统中最小的语言单位是语素；最小的交际单位是句子；最大的交际单位 语篇。 22.在同一个位置上可以互相替换出现的各个语言单位处在互相可以联想起采的关 系中，这种关系称为聚合关系。 23.最早广泛应用语言学的理论和成果的社会领域是语言教学领域。 24.希腊哲学家柏拉图认为“名”是由“实”决定的。 25.我国哲学家荀子认为“名”和“实”之间没有必然联系。 26.中国古代传统语言学被称之为“小学”。 27.历史比较语言学建立的时间是18世纪末到19世纪初。 28.“普通语言学”中的“普通”是“一般的”意思，指研究人类的社会的语言这 种社会现象的一般理论。 29.传统语言学一般泛指20世纪以前的语言学。 二、多项选择题 1.关于“语言”，说法正确的是：语言只存在于人类社会之中、语言是一种非常复 杂的社会现象、语言的客观存在形式表现为口头语和书面语。 2.“说话”的过程涉及到的相关问题有：社会问题、哲学问题、心理问题、生理问 题、物理问题等。 3.口语和书面语在多数情况下是一致的，这种一致性指的是基本语汇和基本语法结
语言学选择题练习 Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement: 1. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ___D___. A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme 2. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound ____D______. A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase. D. None of the above. 3. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of____B___. A. the first element B. the second element C. either the first or the second element D. both the first and the second elements 4. ___B____ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. A. Free morphemes B. Bound morphemes C. Bound words D. Words 5. ___C______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. A. Syntax B. Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme 6. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ___C____. A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic 7. Bound morphemes are those that ___D________.
Exercises for the test of linguistics There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that best complete the statement. Chapter 1 Introduction 1.The study of language as a whole is often called ________ linguistics. A.particular B.general C.ordinary D.generative 2.Traditional grammar regards the ________ form of language as primary, not the spoken form. A. oral B. written C. writing D. vocal 3. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study. A. synchronic 限于一时的 B. diachronic 历时的 C. historical D. comparative 4.According to F. de Saussure, ________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. A.parole B.performance https://www.doczj.com/doc/421043251.html,ngue 语言 https://www.doczj.com/doc/421043251.html,nguage 5. Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and ________. A. words B. sounds C. objects D. ideas 6. Which of the following isn?t the design features of human language? A. arbitrariness B. performance C. duality D. displacement 7. The core of linguistics excludes ________. A. semantics n.语义学 B. morphology 形态学 C. phonetics 语音(学) D. psycholinguistics 语言心理学