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一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中选择一个或几个符合题目要求的选项，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
1. “I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2，000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of _____.
A. arbitrariness
B. creativity
C. duality
D. displacement
2. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions？
A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake.
B. The emotive function is to convey message and information.
C. The conative function is to clear up intentions，words and meanings.
D. The phatic function is to establish communion with others.
3. “Don’t end a sentence with a preposition.” This is an example of _____ rules.
A. prescriptive
B. descriptive
C. transformational
D. functional
4. According to G. B. Shaw’s ridicule of English orthography，the
non-existent word ghoti can be pronounced in the same way as _____.
A. goat
B. hot
C. fish
D. foot
5. Which of the following is the correct description of [v]？
A. voiceless labiodental fricative
B. voiced labiodental fricative
C. voiceless labiodental stop
D. voiced labiodental stop
6. Traditional grammar sees a sentence as _____.
A. a sequence of morphemes
B. a sequence of clauses
C. a sequence of words
D. a sequence of phrases
7. In today’s grammar we normally say that English does not have a “future tense.” This is because in English _____.
A. the future is not expressed by morphological change
B. the future can be expressed in many ways
C. the future belongs to the category of “aspect”
D. the future is expressed by modal verbs.
8. A major difference of the various models of generative grammar lies in where the _____ component is positioned.
A. base
B. transformational
C. semantic
D. phonological
9. _____ is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to.
A. Connotative
B. Denotative
C. Affective
D. Reflected
10. Which of the following are gradable antonyms？
A. good : bad
B. male : female
C. young : old
D. buy : sell
二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）
11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement，q________or command.
12.In sociolinguistic studies，speakers are treated as members of
s__g________.
13.Utterance is based on ________________ ；it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication，or simply in a context.
14.To many people，a linguist is the same as a ________，one who can speak several languages fluently.
15.Consonant sounds can be either v _____or v__，while all vowel sounds are v________.
三、判断说明题（判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分）
16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.（）
17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.（）
18.Linguistics is the course of language.（）
19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.（）
20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.（）
21.The term dialect，as a technical term in linguistics，carries value judgment and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.（）
22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。（）
23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.（）
24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.（）
25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.（）
四、名词解释（每小题3分，共30分）
26.general linguistics
27.suprasegmental features
28.root and stem
29.hierarchical structure
30.naming theory and conceptualist view
31.maxims of quality and manner
32.blending
33.sociolect
34.subvocal speech
35.contrastive analysis
五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）
