大学英语精读1 -- 复习提纲

附件一：《大学英语精读预备级1》课程教学大纲[课程代码]：[英文译名]：College English Intensive Reading Sub-band 1[适用专业]：所有网络、成教专科专业[适用层次]：所有网络、成教专科[学分数]：[总学时数]：72-88一、本课程教学目的和任务《大学英语精读预备级1》是大学专科层次学生的必修课程。

该课程是高中英语知识与大学英语知识的过渡阶段，它总结和归纳了高中英语的基础：词汇、语法、句型，并在此基础上逐渐增加了词汇量，加深了语法，使用了更多的复杂句。

但该课程的重点仍放在加强学生的基础书面知识，即读和写，而不是培养学生的语言实际运用能力，即听和说。

随着Internet的迅速普及和全球经济的一体化，对语言学习的要求更注重其交际功能，因此该门课程必然也将顺应这一发展的趋势，更注重对学生语言交流能力的培养,使学生具备简单的听说读写译的能力。

二、本课程的基本要求通过对本课程的学习，要求同学们掌握5000左右的单词量，对英语语法枝干基本了解。

既对语音语调的辨别和掌握，对词法部分的名词、冠词、代词，数词、形容词、副词、动词（特别是非谓语动词）、介词、连词的规则的掌握，对句子（简单句、并列句、复杂句）的灵活使用，尤其对6种从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、同谓语从句、状语从句）的掌握。

能进行简单的日常对话，简单的书写，并有一定的阅读能力。

三、本课程与其他课程的关系（前修课程要求，后继课程等）本课程是中学英语的后续部分，是大学英语精读1-6册、泛读1-6册、听力1-6册、快速阅读1-6册、语法与练习1-4册的过度部分，与其配套的有预备级泛读1-2册。

四、课程内容（重点及必须掌握内容）LESSON 1 Is Learning English Easy or Not?□学习目的和要求通过本课的学习，了解英语词类的划分，句子成分的构成，数词的读法。

□考核知识点There be 句型的用法，It 在形式主语中的用法及虚拟语气的使用。

现代大学英语精读1-U n i t1知识点汇总-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIANExpressions, Collocations & Phrases1. a useful word 一个有用的词2. a helpful suggestion 一个有用的建议3. a painful experience 一段痛苦的经历4. a tearful voice 一个撕心裂肺的嗓音5. a hopeless war 一场无望的战争6. a priceless stone 一块无价的石头7. a useless book 一本无用的书8. a careful look 仔细一看9. an eventful year 多事之秋10. a harmful habit 一个有害的习惯；不良习惯11. a harmless animal 一个无害的动物12. a shameless liar 一位无耻的撒谎者13. a classless society 无阶级社会14. a hopeful situation 一种有希望的形势15. a fruitful visit 一次有成就的访问16. a powerful army 一支强有力的军队17. a careless mistake 一个粗心的错误18. a homeless child 一个无家可归的孩子19. a toothless old man 一个牙齿掉光的老男人20. a nameless flower 一支无名花21. take?steps 采取措施22. hold back/dry one's tears 忍着眼泪/擦干眼泪23. play games 玩游戏24. take/have/steal a nap 打盹25. tell a story 讲故事26. face trouble/challenge/truth/fact/pressure 面对麻烦/挑战/事实/真相/压力27. announce a thing 宣布一件事28. invade a place/one's life/one's privacy 攻占某地/干涉某人生活/侵犯某人隐私29. cross the desert/channel/mountains/ocean 穿越沙漠/海峡/高山/横跨海洋30. reach some places/the stage 到达某些地方/达到某种地步31. employ people 雇用某人32. in?vain? 徒劳无益33. show?off? 炫耀，卖弄34. resort?to? 采取35. cling?to? 坚持，保留36. burst?into? 突然开始37. bring?about? 造成，引起，导致；创造；实现38. give?rise?to? 造成，引起，导致39. on?their?own? 独立地(凭自己的力量)40.41.42. Translations1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。

现代大学英语精读1-4册大纲及教案现代大学英语精读1-4册大纲及教案一、教材概述《现代大学英语精读》是中国大学英语教学研究会主编的一套综合性教材，共分为1-4册，用于高校本科英语专业或非英语专业学生的英语阅读教学。

该教材的目标是培养学生的阅读能力，提升其英语交流和写作能力。

二、教学目标1. 培养学生对英语文章的阅读理解能力；2. 培养学生的英语写作能力，使其能够进行英文写作；3. 培养学生的英语听力和口语能力，提高其英语交流能力；4. 培养学生的独立学习能力，提高其自主学习能力。

三、教学内容与安排1. 《现代大学英语精读1》本册共10个单元，包括文章阅读、词汇训练、听力训练和口语训练，旨在帮助学生提高阅读理解能力和听说能力。

每个单元包括以下教学内容：- 预习导入：通过复习所学词汇和引入相关话题，激发学生学习的兴趣；- 文章阅读：学生阅读一篇有关话题的文章，并回答相关问题，培养其阅读理解能力；- 词汇训练：帮助学生学习文章中的生词和短语，并进行相关的词汇练习；- 听力训练：提供与文章话题相关的听力材料，让学生提高听力理解能力；- 口语训练：通过对话和口语练习，训练学生的口语表达能力。

2. 《现代大学英语精读2》本册共12个单元，内容包括了不同主题的文章阅读、词汇练习、听力练习和口语训练。

教学内容安排如下：- 预习导入：导入本单元的主题，激发学生兴趣；- 文章阅读：学生阅读一篇较长的英语文章，并回答相关问题，提高理解能力；- 词汇训练：学习并掌握文章中的生词和短语，进行词汇练习；- 听力训练：提供与文章话题相关的听力材料，训练学生的听力理解能力；- 口语训练：通过对话和口语练习，提高学生的口语表达能力。

3. 《现代大学英语精读3》本册共10个单元，每个单元都包括了与不同主题相关的文章阅读、词汇练习、听力练习和口语训练。

教学内容安排如下：- 预习导入：引入本单元的话题，激发学生学习的兴趣；- 文章阅读：学生阅读一篇相关主题的英语文章，提高其阅读理解能力；- 词汇训练：学习文章中的生词和短语，进行词汇练习；- 听力训练：提供与文章话题相关的听力材料，训练学生的听力理解能力；- 口语训练：通过对话和口语练习，训练学生的口语表达能力。

课程负责人2.教学情况5）获奖情况2004年、2005年分别评为系级、校级优秀教师。

主讲教师情况1. 基本信息2.教学情况1）主要课程2）实践性教学3）教学研究4）主持和参与的教研课题5）获奖情况教学队伍情况2教学队伍整体结构情况综合英语课程是英语专业本科的主干基础课。

目前从事本课程建设和教学的教师共7人。

其中副教授2人，讲师4人，助教1人。

具有硕士学位或正在攻读硕士学位的教师5人，拥有硕士学位以上学历的教师占57%。

主讲教师的年龄35岁以下4人，35岁以上，45岁以下2人。

本课程教师队伍结构基本合理，中青年结合，随着英语本科专业的持续发展，现任的大部分青年教师在老教师的指导下，必将在教学经验、教学水平、教学艺术上取得较大进步，成长为本课程的骨干教师。

高学历人才的引进，也必将为本课程师资力量的壮大增添新的血液。

在教培养方面，将采取以下措施：1. 搞好本课程青年教师的传、帮、带工作，要求青年教师分批考研，进行业务自修；2. 鼓励中年教师和已取得硕士学位的教师承担重要科研课题，参加重要学术会议；3.正确处理教学与科研的关系，鼓励青年教师撰写教研科研论文，提高学术研究水平。

3. 教学改革与教学研究《综合英语》课程是英语本科专业的主干基础课程，在我系开设时间较短。

为了提高教学质量，改革传统的英语精读教学方法和模式，为把该课程建设为系级乃至校级重点课程，我们已做了大量工作。

首先，认真学习《高校英语专业教学大纲》，制定了《综合英语》课程教学大纲，先后学习了任务型语言教学法、交际教学法、建构主义理论等，转变教学观念和思想，探讨教学方法，交流教学经验，解决教学中存在的问题和教学难点。

其次，为确保课程教学质量，确立了集体备课、下班辅导、单元测试等制度，通过严格完善教学管理促进教学水平的提高。

第三，规范教案格式，并每学期进行教案展示。

第四，定期开展主题鲜明的教研活动，要求每位教师撰写教学心得或教改总结。

第五，每学期举行公开课、观摩课活动，为教师提供展示才华、交流经验的平台。

大学英语精读(1)・一、单选题1.mark often attempts to escape ( ) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.a. having been finedb. to have been finedc. to be finedd. being fined2. he asked who i voted for a nd i said it was my own ( ).a. thingb. matter c・ duty d・ business3. i think we should let maria go camping with her boyfriend. ( ), she's a big girl now.a. after allc. first of all4. i am sorry (a. to have not c. not to haveb. above alld. for all)written you a letter at the time・b. to not haved. not having5. the man told his girlfriend he would wait for her w here the three roads ( ).a. link b・ connect c. meet d・ combine6.mrs. smith warned her daughter ( ) after drinking.a. never to driveb. to never drivec. never driving d・ never drive7.there is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry a nd i think he means ( ) trouble ・a. makingb. to makec. to have made cL having made8.一mum, it is nice wcathc匚i want to skate this afternoon.一don't you think the ice on the lake is too thin to ( ) your weight?a. stand b・ bear c. catch d. take9.years ago we didn't know this, but recent science ( ) that people who don't sleep well soon get ill.a. showedb. has shownc. will showd. is showing10.in such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ( )・a. have survivedb. are to survivec. would survived. will survive二、填空题governments, media a nd people around the world have become very worried about something called Sudan i (苏丹红1 号).this chemical dye,_l_ in many food products, was said to _2_ cancer. newspapers told everyone to be careful a nd governments pulled this product off supermarket _3_.sudan i is a red dye u s e d for _4_ oils, waxes, petrol shoe a nd floor polishes (上光齐U)・scientists have found if u s e d in food, it can 5 an increased risk of cancer.on march 4，beijing" s food safety office said that it found the cancer-causing dye in meiweiyuan chili (红辣椒)sauce in the city, now the _6_, famous us food company heinz, has recalled its chili sauces a nd chili oils sold in china・this follows news of food companies, including mcdonald's, _7_ some products in Britain after finding the dye in them.france was the first to 8 the chemical dye in 2003・ since then , foods 9 Sudan i have been banned in the european union._10_ experts say that people who have eaten any of the products should not _11_ too much, the cancer risk f rom Sudan i is very _12_, as only tiny amounts of it are used in foods.Sudan i was banned f rom food products because experiments on rats _13_ that it could cause serious tumors (肿瘤)•but, al an boobies, an expert in london, says there is little _14_ for the public to worry, he said that the levels fed to the rats were in much, much bigger amounts _15_their body size, the amounts in food products eaten by humans are _16_・the rats that got tumors were given 30 milligrams of Sudan i per kilogram of body weight, every day for two years. animals given half the amount showed no _17_ of cance匚the tumors only _18_ in the rats after many months, for humans, this means that if the dye were to have any _19_, it would take around 20 years・ professor boobis gives a _20_・"it's just like the cancer risk linked with smoking just one cigarette in a lifetime,M he said.1. a. stuck b. stored c. found d. offered2. a. produce b. cause c. make d. give3・ a. shelves b. cases c. storage d. tables4. a. gluing b・ gathering c. coloring d. conducting5. a. allow for b. adjust to c. call for d. contribute to6. a. seller b. producer c. customer d・ farmer7. a. breaking up b. putting out c. pulling away d. taking back8. a. reject b. invent c. notice d・ produce9. a. causing b. including c. containing d・ using10. a. but b. also c. then d. so11 ・ a. complain b. disagree c. worry d・ blame12. a. high b. low c. common d. rare13. a. guided b. guaranteed c. rated d・ showed14. a. concern b. reason c. cause d. right15. a. compared to b. regardless of c. u s e d to d. in spite of16. a. none b. larger c. tiny d. more17. a. signals b. marks c. symbols d. signs18> a・ produced b. developed c. made d. created19. a. effect b. cause c. harm d. change20・ a. connection b. perception c. recognition d. comparison1 一5 • cbacd6一10 bdcca 11 一15 cbdba 16一20 edbad三、翻译题1、那个经理亲自调查产品的质量问题。

大学英语1（1-4单元）复习范围一、课外阅读第一篇The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet（混合膳食）, including a variety of fruits and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet （限制膳食）that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.An example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as beri-beri （脚气病）. It used to distress（使痛苦）large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century, a scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beri-beri. At first he thought it was caused by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on polished rice（精白米）which had the outer husk（外皮）removed from the grain（谷物）. It was thought this would be easier for weak and sick people to digest.Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard（院子）, which were fed on leftovers （剩饭）from the patients' plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate（使离析）the germ, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who declared that the polished rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked for the patients, and the chickens should be fed on cheap rice with the outer layer still on the grain.Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unpolished rice somehow prevented or cured beri-beri——even that a lack of some element（元素）in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent beri-beri was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B. Nowadays, this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.第二篇I hear many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling（反叛）. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly(大胆的) on their own, most of them are holding one another's hands for reassurance（放心）。

大学英语专科复习提纲一、语音知识（5分）2012年成人高考辅导书第9—10页二、词汇与语法知识（30分）大学英语精读1 第123—125页大学英语精读1 第263—265页三、词汇填空（10分）大学英语精读1 第一单元第4页acquaintance 第4页environment大学英语精读1 第二单元第27页accomplish 第27页nightmare大学英语精读1 第三单元第49页primary 第49页mayor大学英语精读1 第四单元第71页current 第71页divorce大学英语精读1 第五单元第96页manuscript 第97页contract大学英语精读1 第六单元第131页bureau 第132页bachelor大学英语精读1 第七单元第157页privilege 第158页benevolence 大学英语精读1 第八单元第182页critical 第182页mirror大学英语精读1 第九单元第209页astronomer 第209页atmosphere大学英语精读1 第十单元第233页folklore 第234 页snapshot四、完形填空（10分）大学英语精读1第265—267页大学英语精读1第125—127页五、阅读理解（30分）大学英语精读1 第118—123页大学英语精读1 第257—263页六、书面表达（15分）1. 阅读One of the most popular hobbies among people is reading books. Many people of different ages, sexes and professions prefer spending their pastime in reading books though the books they are interested in vary from one person to another.Why is reading favored so much? For one thing, just as a saying goes, books are the source of wisdom. Through reading books, we may acquire much knowledge about nature, society, ourselves and many other things. And for the other, books may enrich our life experiences. Sometimes, we may find our routine life monotonous. While reading, we may share the colorful life of heroes and heroines; we may share their agonies, joys and happiness.In a word, we can derive a lot of valuable things. It would be unimaginable if we are deprived of books. Reading books is essential to our spiritual elevation as well as the expansion of our knowledge.2. 节制饮食With the development of social economy, people pay more and more attention to their health and going on a diet becomes extremely popular. It keeps people from growing too fat and saves them from many inconveniences and diseases related to fatness. At the same time, it provides people with sufficient nutrition to keep them in a fit condition. Besides its good effects on people’s health, going on a diet can also help many young girls become slim and bring their dream into reality.However, if carried too far, going on a diet could become extremely dangerous. It often happens in the cases of some young girls. With all their eagerness to have a beautiful figure, they will even risk their lives to lose weight. The tragedy of young Carpenter has proved this. Even if it doesn’t cost their lives, it will damage their health on a certain degree.Thus, apart from its positive effects, going on a diet has its bad side-effects. The proper way to use it is to put health in the first place. If it is good for our health, stick to it; if not, just abandon it.。

第一单元一.VocabularyInto Chinese1.给这个词下定义define the word;6.履行义务 perform ones duty2.反感这种对待 resent the treatment;7.缩小差距narrow the gap3.使学生沮丧 frustrate the students;8.扩大业务expand business4.宣战 declare a war ;9.陈述事实 present the facts5.对结果作出评估 evaluate the resultInto English1.realize ones strengths and weakness认识自己的优缺点2.enter the work world 进入职场3.learn to handle ones personal finances学会理财4.have excessive need for parental approval凡是征求父母同意5.projective our future roles as men or women 为我们将来如何扮演男人活着女人的角色在做准备6.internalize religious faith, value and morals 逐步培养和建立自己的宗教信仰、道德和价值观念。

7.learn to choose ones wardrobe学会选择着装8.establish ones identity 确定个人身份9.question and rebel against old ideas 怀疑并反抗就观念10.defy and challenge authority 蔑视挑战权威二．翻译1.他对他的研究如此专心致志，从来没有过很快就要退休的念头。

He is so devoted to his research that it never occurs to him that he will soon have to retire.2.很多人都曾说过，如果没有有效的制约，我们都有滥用权力的倾向。

2001英语精读教学大纲及复习资料：本学期精读教材为《大学英语》一二册。

每册共有十个单元，每一个单元由课文（Text）、生词（New Words）、注释（Notes）、练习（Study & Practice）、阅读练习（Reading Activity）和有引导的写作（Guided Writing）六部分组成。

重点是培养学习者的阅读能力，同时兼顾写和说的能力的培养。

课文全部是选用原文材料，学习时应着眼全篇内容，同时掌握一些常用词和词组的用法。

练习包括朗读和背诵（Reading loud and Memorizing）、课文理解（Comprehension of Text）、词汇（V ocabulary）、构词（Word Building）、结构（Structure）、完形填空（Cloze）和翻译（Translation）等部分。

朗读和背诵练习主要要求掌握句重音和意群的划分，并熟记课文的有关段落。

课文理解练习要求根据课文回答问题或针对某些内容陈述自己的看法，通过练习提高理解能力和口头表达能力。

词汇和构词练习目的是掌握现代英语中的主要构词法，借以扩大词汇量。

完形填空分A、B两篇。

前者目的是在语篇基础上巩固操练重点词和词组的用法。

后者较难，供学有余力不从心的学员借以进一步提高自己的英语水平。

翻译练习旨在培养熟练使用英语的能力。

阅读练习旨在培养学生的阅读技能,书中每一(或二)单元编列一项技能,并配有一篇内容与课文相近但难度较浅的阅读材料;其中之一1-4级的大纲词汇均加注汉语，要求掌握。

书中所设的复习题或自测题可以帮助巩固所学内容。

《大学英语》第一册较简单，学习时请参照注释进行，并完成课后练习。

第二册难度相对较大，现将每单元重点列举如下。

Unit one:Language focal points:1.manage (to do sth): succeed in accomplishing or handling,esp. with an effortExample: He managed to paint the whole room in one hour.2.signal: (n.) movement, message, device, ect. Used to convey informationExample: All vehicles must stop when the traffic signal turns red.(v.) send a signal or signals toExample: Sailors signal SOS by flags.3.ever since: from then till nowExample: I have known them ever since they came here in 1982.4.known as: generally recognized as; calledExample: The radiation zones around the earth, known as Van Allen Belts, were discovered in 1958.5.be named after: be given the same name (of) asExample: Our elder son was named George after his uncle.6.as to: about; concerningExample: There is no doubt as to her honesty.7.base… on: build or found… on ; use… as a basis forExample: We should always base our opinions on facts.8.for one thing: in the first place (used to introduce a reason, often the reason that firstcomes to the mind; sometimes followed by “for another”)Example: We’d better give up the idea of making a long trip fort the coming holiday. Forone thing, there isn’t time; for another, we don’t have enough money.9.be composed of: be made up ofExample: A car is mainly composed of a body, an engine, and four wheels.10.survive: (1) remain aliveExample: According to the Theory of Evolution , only the fittest animals survive.(2) live longer thanExample: It is unnatural for parents to survive their children.11.indicate: showExample : Early results of the election indicate that the {rime Minister will soon lose his job.12.be unfit(to do sth./for sth.): be not suitable (for sth. /doing sth.)Example: Those who have a low voice are unfit to teach large classes.13.keep doing sth: continue doing sthExample: My parents kept encouraging me to study hard.14.stick up: project upwards ; stand upright ort on endExample : The girl’s hair has stuck up straight with fright.15.give off: send out; emit( a smell, ect)Example: The chimney gives off a lot of waste gas.16.set back: cause to put off or get behind schedule; reverse he progress offExample: Bad weather set back the construction of the building by one month.17.Proceed: continue after having stoppedExample: He glanced at the newcomer and proceeded with typing.Unit two1.shortly: soonExample: He died shortly after the car crash.2.track down: find by determined searching or huntingExample: She spent weeks in the library tracking down reference information in almost all the books on the subject.3.bare: (a.) not covered; with no plants growing on itno more than; mere(v.) reveal4.spring up: arise, develop or grow quickly and as if from nowhereExample: Suspicion sprang up in her mind.5.at (the) sight of: on seeingExample: At sight of the police officer the thief took to his heels.6.feel like: feel a desire for; be inclined for or toExample: What lovely weather! I do feel like a swim.7.motion(v.) give a signal by moving the hand ort head(n..) signal by hand or head; movingExample: He motioned me to sit down while talking into the phone.He made a motion with his hand to make me sit down.8.fighten sb. into doing: cause sb. to do sth. By frightening himExample: They tried every possible means to frighten the old man into signing the paper.9.emerge: come or appear from somewhereExample: The moon emerged from behind clouds.e to: return to consciousnessExample: The driver came to slowly after the accident.11.make for: go toward; start in the direction ofExample: It was getting dark; they turned and made for home.12.light up: give light to; become or make bright with light or colourExample: The sky lights up at sunset.Unit three1.obtain: get through effortExample: the old woman who obtained her degree at the age of 74 won respect from others2.go out of one’s way ( to do sth.): make a special effort or exert oneself more than usual(to do sth.)Example: Jane went out of her way to be nice to the newcomer.3.threaten: hang over dangerously; utter a threat againstgive warning ofExample: Oliver Twist was threatened into stealing.The dark coluds threatened rain.4.refuse, decline, reject: they all mean “to be unwilling to accept, receive or take intoconsideration”. But refuse is stronger than decline, often suggesting firmness and sometimes even bluntness. Decline, on the other hand, is to refuse politely and is often applicable to situations where invitations to social events are turned down. And reject is more emphatic than refuse, implying an unmistakable denial.Examples: I wonder why he refused to discuss the problem at the meeting.I declined her invitation to the dinner party because I had a priorappointment.She rejected his marriage proposal.5.leave…to… leave sb. in charge ofExample: I’ll leave it to you to settle all the business.6.prefer: choose (one thing ) rather than(another)Example: I prefer typing to writing by hand.7.act on: do sth. In accordance with; followExample: Acting on the doctor’s suggestion, the women has decided to go on a diet.8. leave behind: abandon; forget to take or bring along9.of one’s age: of the period or time in which one livesExample: He was the most brilliant composer of his age/10.be superior to: be better thanExample: They were far superior in number to their enemy.11.talent: special natural abilitysb. with special natural abilityExamples: She gave up playing the piano because she did not have much talent for music.Mozart was known as a talent when he was very young12.above all: most important of allExample: Never waste anything, but above all never waste time.13.owe sth. to sb./sth.: be obliged to sb.. for sth.;Example: We owe that important new discovery to Albert Einstein.Unit four1.apply: write to ask for (a job, membership,)(cause to ) have a bearing on; concernmake use ofExamples: Out of th 5000 high school graduates who applied for this famous university, only a handful was omittedThis rule only applies to people above 60.Einstein was not interested n knowing how people applied his theories topractice.2.be short of: have not enough ; be in want ofExample: I am short of cash at the moment.3.chance: possibility; probabilityExample: We have little chance of winning the game.4.depress: make sad; press, push ort pull down; make lowerExamples: I was depressed after reading so much depressing news.If you depress the button there, a robot will come out to serve tea.The OPEC countries depressed their oil output a month ago.5.undo: untie; cancelExamples: In the struggle her hair turned undone.What is done cannot be undone.6.stale: uninteresting because heard before7.attach: give( to) , fasten(to): He attached a cable to his TV setjoin: Several hospitals are attached to this medical school.bind by love or affection: The majority of overseas Chinese are deeply attachedto their mother country.8.in turn: one after anotherExample: They spoke in turn at the meeting.9. consist of: be made up of10.protest: (v.)( n.) He protested to the boss that he was overworked.Steel workers made/ lodge/ enter a protest against wage reduction11.constitute: form, make upExample: Nine planets constitute the solar system.Unit five1.modest: moderate; not large in size or amountExample: They bought a modest house in the northern suburb.2.at ease: relaxed and comfortableThe doctor soon made the worried patient feel at ease.3. correspond with: exchange letters with4.so much so that: to such an extent thatExample: He longed to visit Pares, so much so that he often dreamt about it.5.revert to : go back toExample: My thought reverted to my childhood days.6. exclusively: only; completely7. pursue: go afterExample: It is illegal fort hunters to pursue extremely young animals8.take apart: separate (sth) into partsExample: The professor spent the whole afternoon taking apart his old car.9.approach: (n.) method of doing sth.; way; coming near(v.) come nearExamples: Writers take a more romantic approach to the historic event thanhistorians.All approaches to the park were blocked after the explosion.The pop star is easy of approach.10.work out: solveExample: You seem to have the problem nicely worked out.11.profound: deepExample: The Bermuda Triangle holds one of the world’s most profound mysteries. 12. single out: separate or choose from a group for special treatment or noticeExample: All of us did a very good job but the teacher singled him out for praise.Unit six1.encounter, meet:Encounter is a synonym for meet. It is a more formal word and strongly implies a casual or unexpected meeting.Examples: He promised to meet her at the airport.He encountered an old friend of mine who I had not seen for ages.2.critical: fault-findingExample: She blushed upon hearing those critical remarks.3.have trouble doing sth.: have difficulty doing sth.Example: The boy had a lot of trouble getting up early in winter.4.resolve: (v.) solve; decide (n.) sth. that has been decided; decisionExamples: To the amazement of all , the little boy resolved the equation in five minutes.He resolved that nothing would hold him back.On New Year’s Day, he made a resolve to go fogging twice a week.. ByMarch his resolve was so weakened that he jogged twice a month .5.live with: accept (sth. unpleasant)Example: You must live with the fact that you are no longer as healthy as you were.6.dwell on: think about; speak or write a lot aboutExample: Let bygones be bygones. Don’t dwell so much on the past.7.be bound to: be certain to ; be sure toExample: You are bound to succeed if you keep on trying.8.sound: correct; healthy, in god conditionExample: You can depend on her for a sound judgment.I doubt if he is sound in his mind.9. butterflies in one’s stomach: a feeling of fear or anxiety9.anticipate: see beforehandExample: I anticipate having an enjoyable working relationship with you all.10.in advance: ahead of time; beforehandExample: You have to pay the rent in advance.11.sit on : neglect; do nothing aboutExample: I sent in my application in good time, but the secretary sat on it for a month.12.sole: one and only; unsharedExample: His sole wish is to live an undisturbed life.13.chances are /were (that): it is/was likely (that)Example: Chances are he has already heard the news.14. trying moments: moments that cause severe strain; moments that try one’ s nerve15. bother: (vi.) annoy; trouble (vt.) worry (n.) worry; troubleExamples: I am sorry for bothering you with so many questions.I don’t see any reason for bother with such a petty matter.What a lot of bother about nothing!Unit seven1.pull out: leave; move awayExample: The train pulled out of the station.2.release: set free; allow (news) to be known or published; allow (goods) to be put on sale;loosenExamples: He was released from hospital after a week’s treatment.President Nixon resigned after the Watergate tapes had been released by thepress.In panic he released the handlebar of his bicycle.3. the split second: the very brief moment of time4 specific: detailed and precise; relating to one particular thing, etc.; not generalExamples: The word can only be used in specific situations.What are your specific aims in visiting our university5. contented: satisfied; happy6.clean up the country: put an end to crime and corruption7.What good is…/What’s the god of…?: what is the use of…?Example: What good is money to a person when he is dying?8.turn out: appear; be presentExample: The whole city turned out to welcome the Olympic heroes and heroines.e to : concern; become a matter about( usually used in the phrase “ when it comesto”Example: Joe is not good at sports, but when it comes to arithmetic he is the best in the class.10.trail off: become increasingly weaker and fade away eventuallyExample: Her voice trailed off to a whisper.st: go on; be enough (for)Example: How long will the rain season last?12.relive: live through or undergo againExample: That was an experience I should not like to relive.13.end up: reach a final situation ; finish; come to an endExample: If you continue stealing, you will surely end up in prison.14.illusion: false perception; sth. that does not really existUnit eight1.go out of style: become no longer or cease to be fashionable2.be faced with : be confronted with; meet face to face3.admit to: (formal) confess to; not deny4.be hard on: be stern or strict with; be an unjust or unlucky burden onExample: Faced with such a rival , he has little chance of winning.5.indication: sign or suggestion; pointing to or outExample: We use different tones for the indication of different meanings.6.corresponding : matching ; the sameExamples: The peace talk was held between corresponding officials n the two governments.You win the lottery if you had chosen a number corresponding to the onepublished in the newspaper.7. on the rise : increasing8. a case in point: a fit exampleExample: Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden. A case in point is Chincago.9.charge: (n.) price asked for gods or services; amount of electricity contained in asubstance(v.) accuse; ask as a price; put an amount of electricity intounch: (v.) set a rocket, missile , ect. in motion; start,set going(n.) setting in motionExamples: It is expensive to launch an astronaut into outer space.The world was shocked at the failed launch of spaceship“ Challenger”.11.in the case of : so far as someone or something is concernedExample: We can’t make an exception in the case of Mary.12.lie in: exist in; be found inExample: The cure for ignorance lies in education.13.overnight: for or during the night; suddenlyExample: Those who grow rich overnight are eyed with suspicion.14.tend to : be apt to ; have a tendency toExample: Farmers tend to use more machinery now.15.anyway: in any case; by any possible meansExamples: Anyway you can try.There must be something wrong with my computer. I couldn’t get hooked upto the Internet anyway.16. tempt: attractExample: I feel tempted to eat more than is good for my health.Unit nine1.aptitude: natural ability or skillExample: She has an aptitude for dealing with people.2.against a normal of 100, scored 160: (in an I. Q. test) scored 160 in contrast to anaverage I. Q. of 100against: in contrast to or withExample: She looked pale against the dim light in the room.3.make a fuss over (about): show unnecessary nervous excitement( esp. about unimportantthings)Example: He asked himself why he had made such a big fuss about so simple a matter.4. register: (n) record or list ; (v) write in a list or record5.worthy of: deservingExample: I don’t think this problem is worthy of serious consideration.6.by my estimate: according to my judgment7.take for granted: consider as true or already settled; accept as a matter of courseExample: The father often told his children not to take things for granted.8.determine: made up one’s mindExample: He detrmined to learn how to operate the machine in two day s’ time.9.foist on: impose upon by coercion or trickeryExample: Stores should not foist defective goods on customers.10.pick out: select; chooseExample: It took Mary a ling time to pick out a new dress at the store.11.whereupon: upon that; immediately following thatExample: I described my disastrous morning, whereupon, he laughed and laughed.12. for sure: without doubt; surely or certaintly13. Did you catch many? : Did you trap many people with your trick?14.uneasy: awkward; not easy in mind or bodyExample: He gave an uneasy smile when he met his mother-in- law for the first time. Unit ten1.profit: (n) advantage or good obtained form sth.; money gained in business(v) be of advantage to ; be benefited or helped2.exhaust: (v) tire out ; use up (n.) outlet, in an engine or machine, for steam, vapor. Etc.that has done his workExamples: We al felt exhausted by the stiff hike.The hero’s strength was exhausted after along time in prison.The young man committed suicide by breathing in car exhaust.3.make out: write outExample: The shop assistant made out a receipt for the customer who bought a camera.4.only too: veryExample: If you invite him , he will be only too glad to attend.5.somehow: in one way or anotherExample: Time is pressing, but I’ll finish this work somehow.6.not much of a : not a very goodExample: He is not much of an artist.7.shrug off: dismiss sth. as not deserving one’s attention or as unimportantExample: She can shrug off her troubles and keep smiling.8.pass on: convey to anotherExample: I received y our message, and have passed it on to all those whom it concerns.9. paper boy: a boy who delivers (or sells) newspapers10.routine: (n) fixed and regular way of doing thingsExample: His daily routine begins with checking E-mail messages.11.constructive: helpingExample: The Advisory Group offered some constructive advice.12.favorably: with approvalExample: The president spoke favorably of the plan to clean up the country.13. something above his usual standard: something better than what he usually wrote14.criticize: find fault with ; form and give a judgment ofExample: The Sunday newspaper devotes a page to criticizing new books, films and plays.15.react: respond; respond to sth. with a feeling or take action (against)Examples: The company reacted to criticism and improved its image shortly.People start to react against her pretentiousness.2001英语精读课程作业:Part one Grammar and Vocabulary1.I remember I ____clear to you that experiment would be done next week.A. made thatB. made veryC. made itD. made so2.His parents____, the orphan is now taken care of by the local government.A . have died B. having did C. were dead D. are dying3.____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountains do not seem high at all.A. When comparedB. To compareC. Comparing themD. Having compared4.Many of us want very much to see the new films, especially____ mentioned by you.A. whichB. thoseC. whoD. what5._____for your help, we’d never have been able to get over the difficulties.A. Had it notB. If it were notC. Had it not beenD. If we had not been6.It makes on ____to me whether he comes to my birthday party or not.A. differenceB. matterC. importanceD. change7.During his first year____, he took some measures to change the traffic conditions in this city.A. in officeB. at the officeC. out of officeD. into the office8.You seem to be afraid that life might pass you by without giving you time to enjoy it____.A. in fullB. to the fullC. at the fullD. full yourself9.____you poor record in school, we think you should study harder.A. In spite ofB. In change ofC. In case ofD. In view of10.Though ____in a big city, he had always preferred to live in a small town.A. raisedB. grownC. cultivatedD. developed11.According to the weather forecast, which is usually ____, it will snow this afternoon.A. emotionB. delightC. opinionD. impact12.He played each note so hot and fast and with such feeling that it had tremendous____ on theaudience.A. increasedB. delightC. opinionD. impact13.Scholarship students ____ nearly a third of the whole enrollment in our college.A. increased byB. accounted forC. added upD. amounted to14.The fact ____ a child asks a question indicates the dawn of understanding, ____without this,no question would arise in his mind.A. that …forB. which…becauseC. that…ifD. which…though15.People who cannot____ between colors are said to be color-blind.A. polishB. distinguishC. accomplishD. negotiate16.Finally, the headmaster consented to ____ proposal into consideration.A. makeB. setC. getD. take17.What adults need to realize is that child goes through a____ of stages in his understanding ofthe world.A. sequenceB. consequenceC. frequencyD. have conveyed18.Children ask questions to supplement or confirm in formation they ____through personalexperience.A. have acquiredB. have givenC. have rejectedD. have conveyed19. We are____ of the latest developments in science and technology by watching TV.A. defined V. expected C. possessed D. informed.20.Kara’s mother occasionally speaks at schools and other organizations, ____to increasepeople’s understanding of AIDS.A. trysB. tryingC. and trysD. try21.I was seven months pregnant with my third child, and Megan____ with me to name the newbaby after Kara.A. preachedB. pressedC. pleadedD. delt22. The secretary carefully folded the letter and ___it into the drawer.A. slidB. scoldedC. skippedD. slipped23.His agreement to buy our house was conditional ____us leaving all the furniture in it.A. toB. inC. onD. for24.The picture ____me of the village where we spent our holidays last summer.A. remembersB. remindsC. recallsD. convinces25.Those who first arrived in the U.S.A. had a good start but hadn’t ____ turned out to be themost successful.A. probablyB. likelyC. necessarilyD. possibly26.My great-grandmother didn’t_____ too much from life and was satisfied with what she had.A. preserveB. wantC. protectD. expect27. He is not the sort of man _____whom I would readily confide.A. inB. withC. aboutD. for28.When we feel guilty and down in the ____, friends will come and reassure us.A. sensesB. knotsC. stampsD. dumps29.Mr. Black was not satisfied with his elder son, so he ____ him of his property right ofinheritance.A. interferedB. imitatedC. insuredD. deprived30.The school-age girl can____ any problems she has come across by herself.A. figure outB. single outC. bring out C. act out31.This is the same story ___ I heard ten years ago.A. thatB. whichC. about thatD. of which32.I advised her that in the presence of the princess she should not say any thing until____ .A. being askedB. askedC. to be askedD. having been asked33.It is necessary that an efficient worker ____ his work on time.A. completesB. completedC. can completeD. complete34.It is during his stay in London ____he began to learn English.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. what35.He was attending a meeting, ____come to your birthday party then.A. unless he would haveB. or he wouldC. nevertheless he did notD. or he would have36.The curious children watched the towers _____.A. erectedB. be erectedC. to be erectedD. being erected37.She never laughed, ____ever lose her temper.A. so did sheB. but she did notC. and nor she didD. nor did she38.I regret_____ him a thief, but I regret even more his stealing my watch!A. to callB. to have calledC. having calledD. called39.You are supposed to ____ in your composition yesterday.A. handB. be handingC. have handedD. handing40.A new technique _____worked out, we set about our project.A. beingB. to beC. havingD. having been41.Some people hope, the rains will return and ease the hardship____ the peasants of NorthChina.A. facedB. facesC. facingD. to face42.Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they ____better health.A. could have enjoyedB. had enjoyedC. have been enjoyingD. are enjoying43.He loves doing some reading at home____ t the cinema.A. than to goB. more than goingC. than goingD. rather than to go44.____ of neglecting our education, my parents sent my sister and me to an evening school.A. AccusedB. AccusingC. That they were accusedD. To be accused45.She never regretted paying $200 for the bookcase. As a matter of fact she would gladly havepaid ____for it.A. as much twiceB. as twice muchC. much as twiceD. twice as much46.I was held up by the traffic jam, otherwise I ____here 50 minutes sooner.A. would beB. ought to have beenC. would have beenD. must have been47.That is the distinguished guest ____ the state dinner was given.A. whomB. for whichC. thatD. in whose honor48.The driver carefully checked his car ____ it should go wrong.A. in order thatB. so thatC. lestD. or else49.“ _____his second heart attack if he hadn’t smoked?”A. Would he have hadB. Would he haveC. Had he hadD. Were he to have50.Only after a bay seal is pushed into the sea by its mother ____to swim.A. how will it learnB. will it learn howC. it will learn howD. and it learns how Part two ClozePassage one(1) has there been such a wide choice of attractive foods for tile house-wife to buy. Producers and manufacturers use all expertise to (2) us first-class food in first-class condition at competitive prices, and with most of the hard work already (3) . Convenience foods are here to stay, since more and more women are running jobs and homes, and so (4) neither time (5)energy for unnecessary chores.No sacrifice of quality (6) involved; indeed, pre-packed foods are often fresher and of more even standard ( 7) similar goods (8 ) .Every district has its quota of shops, large and small, stores; supermarkets and shopping centers within easy reach. Every country villages are catered for in ways( 9 ) would have been (10) a generation ago . Try all the facilities in your area,(11) you will find clean, bright , airy premises, well-(12) good and friendly assistants (13) to advise and help you in your choice. It is your custom they want! (14) you have time, “shop around”for special offers and bargain buys. Everyone makes a bad buy occasionally, (15) never make the same mistakes twice. When youhave reason to be (16) , register a complaint and return unsatisfactory goods.1. A. So B. Thus C. Never D. As2. A. present B. provide C. induce D. give3. A. doing B. done C. do D. done4. A. have B. having C. with D. that5. A. and B. no C. or D. nor6. A. being B. is C. been D. were7. A. than B. as C. that D. like8. A . processed B. unprocessed C. processing D. unprocessing9. A. what B. as C. such D. that10. A. possible B. impossible C. avaible D. unavailable11. A. or B. then C. and D. thus12. A. arranged B. qualified C. attracted D. distributed13. A. prepare B. preparing C. readily D. ready14. A. since B. If C. While D. Although15. A. but B. though C. however D. whereas16. A. dissatisfy B. satisfied C. dissatisfied D. unsatisfactoryPassage twoVideo games have become a pervasive form of (1 )in the 1990s. Today an estimated 69 percent of American families own or (2 )video and computer games . Most are (3) entertainment, but in far too many of the most (4) ones , kids are acting out realistic violent (5) on their TV and computer screens.These are not just (6) anymore. These are learning machines. We are (7) kids in the most incredible manner what it’s like to pull the trigger. The focus is on the thrill, enjoyment and reward. What they’re not (8 )are the real-life consequences.Interactive, video games introduce kids to a (9) world that features amazingly lifelike characters, detailed images of brutality, and an audio mix of heart- pounding music. Unlike movies and television, where you (10)the violence acts. When you are into the game, you are (11) the game.1. A.. education B. creation C. entertainment D. experience2. A. buy B. rent C. sell D. hire3. A. harmless B. helpless C. hopeless D. useless4. A. educational B. interesting C. regular D. popular5. A. parts B. experiences C. ideas D. roles6. A. computers B. videos C. games D. experience7. A. teaching B. watching C. educating D. learning8. A. thinking B. learning C. playing D. seeing9. A. creative B. music C. fantasy D. real10. A. imitate B. dislike C. avoid D. watch11. A. in B. for C. above D. offPassage threeOne of the biggest problems the Fire Services faces is to (1) emergency exits in many。

《大学英语精读1》教学大纲余艳娟1。

课程介绍大学英语精读1是高起专各专业学员在学完现代远程教育系列教材《大学英语1》前四课，已掌握基本的语音和语法知识及1，600个左右英语单词后,为进一步提高英语读、听、写、说等方面的技能而开设的公共基础课。

本层次英语共四个单元，每单元由课文、重（难）点讲解、练习、阅读练习、语法和写作等部分组成。

本课程共5次授课时间15学时。

根据教学计划，最后一次课为考前辅导及答疑，即我们要在实际授课时间为4次12学时内完成4个单元的学习。

因此，我们的教学主要以导学为主，给学员指出每单元的重点难点,指导学员如何利用光盘自学。

通过本课程的学习，学员的英语应该达到具有较强的阅读能力，一定的听的能力,初步的写和说的能力的水平.我们的培养目标重点放在培养学员的阅读能力上,也兼顾写和说的能力的培养。

2. 课程教学内容、安排与要求本课程每课的重点为课文后面列出的important words ａnd phrases，难点是difficult sentences。

对此课本都给出了较为详细的解释。

在面授课或看光盘之前，学员应按课文的预习提示，结合中英文对照材料了解新课的背景知识，边预习边看课后注释，对不能独立解决的问题留待老师面授时解决；独立完成课后练习以检验自己的自主学习效果。

每次课后主讲老师会随堂布置与课文内容相关的补充翻译练习供大家自己课后完成，并在布置下次作业时公布前次作业的答案.这些作业不用提交，由自己独立完成。

学习资料都会挂到“资料共享”的“复习资料”里,并会在bbs里通知大家.系统里的“在线作业"占总成绩的20%，由大家自己在线提交，电脑自动批改后出成绩，一旦提交就不能更改。

具体的课程安排如下：第一次：unit 5 manners第二次：unit 6 sports第三次：unit 7 great people第四次：unit 8 blog phenomenon第五次：考前总复习学员可根据以上安排，在每次面授课前提前做好预习准备.3。

超级实用的大一精读重点Unit 7Text I The Fun They HadI. Words and ExpressionsL1. head/ / v.(1) to be at the top of; to provide a heading for 位于…上面，给…加标题*be headed…— if a page is headed with a particular name, title, image etc, it has it on the top The memorandum was headed “Confidential.”The page was headed “Expenses”.The chapter was headed “My Early Life”.(2) to lead; to be at the front of; to be in charge of 带领，居…之首；主管，领导The president’s car headed the procession.The sales director heads a team of 20 representatives.The Commission of Inquiry headed by the president of the Board of Trustees is investigating the case.(3) to move in a certain direction 朝着…行进Where are you guys heading/headed?We headed south towards the capital.The ship was heading for Cuba.L6. crinkly/ ●? / a. having many thin folds; (of hair) curly 起皱的，多皱纹的；（头发）卷曲的The paper was brown and crinkly at the edges.The leaves turned brown and crinkly.My shirts were all crinkly when I got them out of the suitcase.She looked fondly at his crinkly face.He had blue eyes and crinkly fair hair.L6. awfully/ ●? / ad. veryIt’s awfully cold in here. Is the heater on?It’ awfully noisy. Can we close the door?Once I was outside, I suddenly felt awfully tired.L7. still/ ● / a. not moving; staying in the same position 静止的，不动的Keep still while I tie your shoe.We stood still and watched as the deer came closer.Percy was so thrilled he could hardly sit still.L10. gee/ / interj. [infml. esp. AmE] an expression of surprised; used to show that you are surprised or annoyed （表示惊讶或烦扰）哎呀！哇！Aw, gee, Mom, do we have to go?Gee, I like your new hat!L10. be through (with sb./sth.)(1) to have finished doing sth. or using sth. 做完，用完，看完When will you be through with your work?I’m just about half-way through.The novel is a delight. I am only about two thirds through.I’m not through just yet— I should be finished in an hour.I need to use the computer when you’re through.(2) to no longer have a relationship with sb. 与某人关系结束，不再来往That’s it! Simon and I are through.I’m through with you!Do what you like. We are through.L11, 12. throw sth. away(1) to get rid of sth. that you do not want or need 扔掉，抛弃You should throw away all those old clothes you never wear.I shouldn’t have thrown away the receipt.(2) to lose by foolishness; to waste 浪费掉，错过This could be the best chance you’ll ever have. Don’t throw it away!L12. be good for…— to be useful or suitable for…对…有用，适合于…Publicity is no good for my business, especially when its bad publicity.Fresh fruit and vegetables are good for you.Watching too much TV isn’t good for you.L17. attic/ / n. a space or room under the roof of a house often used for storing things （屋顶下的）阁楼，顶楼An unvented attic can be 10 to 20 degrees warmer than outside in winter.All these hazards, winter and summer, are the reasons an attic should be well ventilated.The single studio was extremely primitive, consisting of an attic room with two microphones, one turntable and a mixer.L20. scornful/ ● / a. showing great disrespect for sb. or sth. 鄙视的，轻蔑的He was scornful of the women’s movement.How can you put up with his scornful remark?Her scornful smile hurt him.*scorn / / v. to show that you think that sth. is stupid, unreasonable, or not worth accepting 鄙视；n. the feeling that sb. or sth. is stupid or does not deserve respect 轻蔑，蔑视Many women scorn the use of make-up.She scorned all our offers of help.He scorned to hide away like a coward.He felt scorn for his working-class parents.Rachel looked at me with scorn.L22. mechanical/ ● / a.(1) worked by machines（有关）机械的，由机械制成的The plane had to make an emergency landing because of mechanical problems.The flight has been canceled due to mechanical failure.What’s this mechanical device used for?That factory manufactures a variety of mechanical products.Being a mechanical genius, that man is at home in mechanical applications.(2) (done) without thought or feeling; (done) from habit rather than will 机械似的，呆板的，习惯性的He was asked the same question so many times that the answer became mechanical.He greeted me in a mechanical way by using mechanical compliments.L24. sorrowfully/ ●? / ad. very sadly 悲伤地“A lot of damage has already been done,” he said sorrowfully.She is weeping sorrowfully.The woman cried sorrowfully for her misfortune.The girl said sorrowfully that she had been deceived.L24-25. send for— to ask or order sb. to come by sending them a message 要求或指示将…送到，使…来到Get back into bed. I’ll send for the doctor.I sent for someone to repair the TV.Send for your free sample today!I’ve sent for help.The women refused to cooperate with store detectives, and we had to send for the police.L26. dial/ ● /(1) n. the round part of a clock, watch, machine etc that has numbers that show you the time or ameasurement （钟表等的）针盘，钟面，表面，（仪表等的）刻度盘I bought an alarm clock with a luminous dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.Sundial was a device used in former times to show the time by means of a pointer whose shadow moves as the sun moves across the sky.She looked at the dial to check her speed.(2) v. to make a telephone call (to) by using a dial or similar apparatus 拨电话（号码），拨打（电话）Put in the money before dialing.How do I dial London?Dial the operator first if you want to call long distance in the hotel room.The area code is only used when dialing from one region to another.When you make a telephone call to the U.S. through IDD in China, you should dial 001 plus the area code plus the local number.Before you can explore a website your computer you have to dial up to the network.In case of emergency, dial 110/911/999.This is an extension line. You have to dial 1 first, and when you hear the dial/dialing tone, you can dial a local number.L27. take sth. apart—to separate sth. into all its different parts 拆开某物Tom was always taking things apart in the garage.The police took his house apart looking for possible clues after she vanished from a leisure centre car park.You build these wee engines and take them apart.Take the watch apart and see if you can see what’s wrong with it.L29. …or so— about; or more 大约，…左右（表示含糊的或不确定的量）We have to leave in five minutes or so.I stopped reading after thirty or so pages.There were twenty or so.We stayed for an hour or so.L31. slot/ ?●?? / n.(1) a long narrow hole in a surface, that you can put sth. into （可投入东西的）狭孔，狭槽I dropped a coin in the slot and dialed the number.The disk goes into this slot here.The message was placed in every employee’s mail slot.(2) an assigned place and time in a sequence or schedule 为某人或某事安排的位置或时间We’ve found a slot for a talk on the economy.A new comedy is scheduled for the 9 p.m. time slot.He’s been given a regular ten-minute slot on the radio.L32. punch/ /(1) v. to make a hole in sth., using a metal tool or other sharp object 打孔，剪洞The guard punched my ticket and I got on.These bullets can punch a hole through 20 mm steel plate.The ticket-collector punched my ticket / punched a hole in m ticket.(2) v. to hit (sb. or sth.) hard with the fist 用拳头猛击The robber punched her and knocked her teeth out.He punched the man in the chest / on the nose.(3) n. a metal tool for cutting holes 打孔器，票剪The conductor has a ticket punch in her hand.(4) n. a quick strong blow made with the fist 用拳打，殴打The two men started throwing punches (=trying to hit each other).I managed to land a punch on his chin.He gave that man a punch on the nose.L33. code/ / n.(1) a system of words, letter, numbers, etc., used instead of ordinary writing, esp. to keepmessages secret 密码，编码，代码*a punch code— a computer system of words, letters, numbers, etc. 计算机代码*break/crack a code (=manage to understand a code) 破解密码All reports must be sent in code.They didn’t reali z e that we’d broken their secret code.We’ve broken/cracked their code! (=learn how to read it)I don’t understand this message written in code.(2) set of moral principles accepted by society or a group of people 道德准则*code of conduct/behaviour 行为准则*code of ethics / moral code 道德准则*code of practice 行业规则As we shall see later, legislative backed codes of conducthave been adopted to deal with the problem.It ran contrary both to his upbringing and personal code of behaviour that men should show emotion.L34. calculate/ ??●● / v. to find sth. out by using mathematics or numbers 计算，推算，估算These instruments calculate distances precisely.I’m trying to calculate how much money we need.They use a computer to calculate the cost of wages as a percentage of the company’s income. The experts calculate that the market for these computers will expand by 50% in the next three year.The scientists calculated when the spacecraft would reach the moon.L34. in no time— very quickly or soon, esp. in a way that is surprising 极快，立刻，马上We’ll be there in no time.We’ll have leak fixed in no time.L35-36. take sth./sb. away— to remove sb. or sth., or to make sth. disappear 移开，使消失She whisked the tray off the table and took it away.He was taken away to begin a prison sentence.This should take some of the pain away.Nothing can take away the anguish of losing a child.Anxiety has taken away his appetite.L38. superior/ ??◆ / a.(1) [derog] (as if) thinking oneself better than others [贬义] 有优越感的，高傲的，傲慢的He smiled a superior smile as he drove past in his expensive new car.She had that superior tone of voice.(2) better, more powerful, more effective etc. than others 更好的*superior to…—better than…Fletcher’s superior technique brought him victo ry.Your computer is far superior to mine.He loves making fun of women. It makes him feel superior.She always acts so superior to everyone else.The enemy forces were superior in numbers.(3) of higher rank or class 上级的，级别或地位更高的I’ll report you to your superior officer!Don’t you usually salute a superior officer ?She works well with those superior to her in the firm.*superiority / ??◆; ?◆ / n. state of being superior 优越，优胜；an attitude that shows you think you are better than other people 傲慢，优越感The organization has a technical superiority over its rivals.Janet always spoke with an air of superiority.L40. loftily / ●●? / ad. haughtily; in a manner that shows one is better than other people 高傲地，傲慢地That man behaves loftily and turns down any request for help.When I asked for help, he just smiled loftily and turned away.*lofty / ● / a.(1) showing that one thinks one is better than other people 高傲的，傲慢的She has such a lofty manner.She said that in a lofty manner / with a lofty smile.(2) (of ideas, feelings, aims, etc.) of unusually high moral quality （理想、情感、目标等）高尚的，崇高的He had set himself the lofty goal of reaching the world’s top five.She has lofty ideals of equality and social justice.He set himself lofty goals.L48. smart/ / a.(1) [esp. AmE] clever, bright; good or quick in thinking聪明伶俐的，思想敏捷的If he’s as smart as he says, why did the cops catch him?The smart kids get good grades and go off to college.Kelly wasn't sure if she was smart enough to go to law school.(2) [esp. BrE] neat and stylish in appearance 整洁漂亮的，时髦的，洒脱的You look very smart in that new shirt.Dressed in a smart, grey suit and black tie, he looked very happy.(3) being or used by very fashionable people 时髦人士（用）的，讲究时髦的They were very smart women in suits and soft draped dresses.He had used the money to hire smart clothes for his wedding.L50. dispute/ ◆?? /(1) v. to question or doubt the truth of sth.; argue (about sth.), esp. angrily and for a long period （尤指生气地长时间地）争论，辩论，争执The two governments disputed (over) the ownership of the territory.The question was hotly disputed in the Senate.The researchers dispute among themselves over the value of experiments where animals need tobe used.(2) v. to disagree about or question the truth or correctness of 反对，辩驳，对…表示怀疑The main facts of the book have never been disputed.Few would dispute that travel broadens the mind.He disputed the minister’s figures — the true cost of the project is much higher.(3) n. (an) argument or quarrel, esp. an official one between one group or organization andanother 辩论，争端，纠纷There has been much dispute over the question of legalized abortion.The miners were in dispute with their employers over pay.This question is still in/under dispute. (=being argued about) They claim to provide the best service in the business, but I think that’s open to dispute. (=can be questioned)She is beyond all dispute/without dispute (=undoubtedly) the best chemist in the firm.L57. adjust// v.(1) to alter (sth.) slightly so that it will fit or be right for use 校正，调准，调整*adjust sth. to…The desks and seats can be adjusted to the height of any child.You can’t see through a telescope unless it is adjusted correctly to your sight.You can adjust the color on the TV by turning this knob.Check and adjust the brakes regularly.(2) to change slightly in order to make suitable for a particular purpose or situation; to graduallybecome familiar with a new situation （使）适应*adjust (oneself) to…Have you adjusted (yourself) to the heat of Guangzhou?The body quickly adjusts (itself) to the changes intemperature.The former president still has difficulty in adjusting to civilian life.They’ll soon settle in— kids are very good at adjusting.It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust to the darkness.My parents had trouble adjusting to living in an apartment.L57. fit/ / v. to be suitable (for)（使）符合，（使）适合Her experience and abilities fit her admirably for the job / to do the job.Scientists often select facts to fit their theories.The punishment should fit the crime.I couldn’t find a key which fitted the lock.I wanted to put the wardrobe behind the door, but I don’t think it’ll fit.L65. nonchalant/ ●???/ a. behaving calmly and not seeming interested in anything or worried about anything 若无其事的，漠不关心的，冷淡的“Has he got a girlfriend?” Jill aske d, trying to sound nonchalant.Perkins was nonchalant about being chosen.When Peter came in, she glanced up, trying to appear nonchalant.“I’m sorry I’m so late. Have you been waiting long?” he asked. She gave a nonchalant shrug.*nonchalantly ad.He walked nonchalantly to the door.*nonchalance n.She received the prize with an air of nonchalance.Beneath his apparent nonchalance he is as nervous and excited as the rest of us.L65. whistle/ ● / v.(1) to make a high or musical sound by blowing air out through one’s lips 吹口哨She whistled to her dog and it came running.The referee whistled and the game began.He whistled a tune as he strolled down the corridor.I heard this song on the radio and I've been whistling it all day.Adam whistled happily on his way to work.Fans yelled and whistled when the band came on stage.(2) to move quickly, making a whistling sound 呼啸着前进Bullets were whistling overhead.They listened to the wind whistling through the trees.L66. tuck/ / v.(1) to put sth. into a small space, esp. in order to protect, hide, carry or hold it 将某物藏到…下面，把…收藏到…He tucked the newspaper under his arm and walked on.Tuck that money into the top of your sock for safekeeping.He took the glasses off and tucked them in his pocket.(2) to take the edge or end of (a garment, piece of material, etc.) and put or push it into a desiredor convenient position, usu. a narrow space 把…的端部或边缘塞进…，叠拢或卷起（使之看不见或固定）Jack tucked his shirt in.Tuck your shirt into your trousers.Tuck your trousers into your boots.She tucked an unruly lock of hair behind her ear.L70. regular/ ●? / a.(1) happening, coming, or doing sth. again and again at thesame times each day, week, etc. 定期的，习惯性的，常例的he company holds regular meetings with employees.We meet on a regular basis.They keep regular hour. (=get up and go to bed at the same times each day)His breathing was slow and regular.(2) happening or appearing with the same amount of time or space between each one and thenext; not varying 规则的，有规律的His pulse is not very regular.The regular tick of the clock made me awake.(3) happening or doing sth. very often 经常的He’s one of the bar’s regular customers.I’m a regular reader of this newspaper.*irregular a. (of shape) having different-sized parts; uneven; not level 参差不一的，不规则的；(of time) at unevenly separated points; not equal （时间）间隔不一致的，没有定规的He’s receiving medication for an irre gular heartbeat.I recognized the doctor’s messy, irregular handwriting.I don’t like working such irregular hours.L72. fraction/ / n.(1) a division or a part of a whole number in mathematics; a part of a whole number inmathematics, such as ? or ? （数学中的）分数，小数*proper fraction n. a fraction such as ?, in which the number above the line is smaller than the one below it 真分数and ? are proper fractions.*improper fraction n. a fraction such as 107/8 in which the top number is larger than the bottom number 假分数107/8 is an improper fraction.(2) a very small piece or amount 小部分，少量When the factory closed, the machinery was sold off for only a fraction of its true value.The car missed me by a fraction of an inch.I got these shoes at a fraction of the original price.She paused for a fraction of a second.L71. light (sth.) up — to give light to a place or to shine light on sth.; to become bright with light or colour 照亮，点燃，开着，使生辉，增辉，增色The flames lit up the sky.The fountain is lit up at night.He lit (up) a cigarette.The candles on the Christmas tree lit up the room.As the screen lit up, he typed in his password.At night the harbour lights up.The stage was lit up by several powerful sportlights.Suddenly, a smile lit up her face when she heard the news.Her face lit up with joy when she saw him coming.L71-72. addition/ / n.(1) the process of adding numbers or amounts to make a total （数学上的）加法，加You can have the computer to do the addition.(2) something added 增加物Additions are made to the list from time to time.This excellent book will be a welcome addition to the library of any student.L72. insert/ / v. to put sth. inside or into sth. else 插入，放进His hand shook slightly as he inserted the key into the lock.Insert the correct coins, then select the drink you want and press the button.A nurse carefully inserted the needle into my left arm.Insert your fingers between the layers and press them apart.L73. sigh/ /(1) n. a slow deep breath with a sound expressing sadness, tiredness, or satisfaction 叹息声，叹气声We all heaved / let out / made / breathed a sigh of relief when we heard that they were safe. She let out a sigh of impatience.Laura shrugged, and gave a heavy sigh.“Oh no!” he said with a sigh, “Not again!”(2) v. to let out a deep breath slowly and with a sound, usu. expressing sadness, tiredness, orsatisfaction 叹息，叹气She sighed with relief / despair.He thought of all the opportunities he had missed, and sighed.He sighed with despair at the thought of all the opportunities he had missed.Frankie stared out of the window and sighed deeply/heavily.“Well, there’s nothing we can do about it now,” she sighed.L75. neighborhood/ neighbourhood/ / n. a group of people and their homes forming a small area within a larger place such as a town 四邻，街坊，邻近地区，住宅区Be quiet! You’ll w ake up the whole neighborhood!We live in a rather rich neighborhood.There’s some beautiful scenery in our neighborhood.Is there a good Chinese restaurant in the neighborhood?We want to live in a neighborhood with a school nearby.The hotel is situated in a peaceful residential neighborhood (=area where there are houses rather than factories or shops) .V. Paraphrase / RewritingL6-8. … it was awfully funny to read words that stood still instead of moving the way they were supposed to —on a screen, …—… it was very amusing to read words that were motionless instead of moving the way they ought to —on a screen, …L6-11. When you’re through with the book, you just throw it away, I guess.—When you have finished reading the book, you merely cast it away, I suppose.L20-21. What’s there to write about school?—There is nothing at all to write about school. (This is a rhetorical question, which calls for no answer. A positive rhetorical question is negative in meaning.)L33-34. …the mechanical teacher calcu lated the mark in no time.—… the computer which served as a teacher immediately worked out the mark.L35-36. She had been hoping they would take the teacher away altogether.—She had been hoping they would move or carry the mechanical teacher to another place once for all. (Here the teacher was a computer, large and black and ugly, with a big screen on which all the lessons are shown and questions asked.) L38. Tommy looked at her with very superior eyes, …—Tommy looked at her with an air which suggested he knewfar better about school than others…L57-58. … a teacher has to be adjusted to fit the minds of each boy and girl it teaches…—… a computerized teacher on net, has to be changed slightly so as to be suitable for each boy and girl to learn from…III. Grammar points1. definite, indefinite and zero articles1) “Today Tommy found a real book!” It was a very old book. (L2-3)2) They turned the pages. (L6)3) …moving the way they were supposed to —on a screen, you know. And then, when they turned back to the page before, it had the same words on it that it had had when they read it the first time. (L7-9)4) Our television screen must have a million books on it…(L11)5) What’s there to write about school? I hate school! (L20)6) The mechanical teacher had been giving her test after test…(L22-23)7) He was a round little man with a red face and a whole box of tools with dials and wires. (L26)8) The part Margie hated most was the slot where she had to put homework and test papers. (L31-32)9) Sure they ha d a teacher, but it wasn’t a regular teacher. It was a man. (L44)10) A man isn’t smart enough. (L48)11) But my mother says a teacher has to be adjusted to fit the minds of each boy and girl it teaches…(L57-58)12) He walked away whistling, the dusty old book tucked beneath his arm. (L65-66)13) Margie went into the schoolroom …, and the mechanicalteacher was on…(L67-68)14) The screen was lit up… Please insert yesterday’s homework in the proper slot. (L71-72)15) Margie did so with a sigh. She was thinking about the old school they had when her grandfather’s grandfather was a little boy. (L73-74)16) All the kids from the whole neighborhood came, laughing and shouting in the schoolyard,sitting together in the schoolroom, going home together at the end of the day. They learned the same things, so they could help one another on the homework and talk about it. And the teachers were people. (L74-78)17) Margie was thinking about how the kids must have loved it in the old days. She was thinking about the fun they had. (L79-80)When to use “a/an” and “the”:* Use a when sth. is being mentioned for the first time; use the when sth. is being mentioned again that has been already talked about.She has a car and a bike, but she uses the bike more often.* If you use the with a noun that you have not mentioned before, you believe that your listener knows which one you mean.Have you fed the dog? (— You have only one dog.)I met him during the conference. (—Both you and your listener know which conference.)* Use a when you are talking about one of several things or people. Use the when it is clear that you are talking about a particular thing or person and there is only one.A man I work with told me about it. (— I work with several men.)The man I work with told me about it. (— I work with only one man.)* Use a when you want to talk about a particular type of thing or person or to show that you are referring to a general type of person or thing and not a specific person or thing.I’m training to be an engineer. (×I’m training to be engineer.)I went out to buy a newspaper. (×I went out to buy newspaper.)It needs a good clean. (×It needs good clean.)* Use the before a singular noun when you are referring to a particular type of thing or person in a general way.The tiger is without doubt the most magnificent of the big cats.The computer has changed everyone’s lives in so many ways.* Use a before singular nouns to mean all things of a particular type.A square has four sides (=All squares have four sides).A child needs love and affection. (=All children need love and affection.)* Use a before the name of a drink to refer to a cup or glass of that drink.Can I get you a coffee?He went to the bar and ordered a beer.* With singular nouns such as world, sky, moon, or sun, use the because there is only one of these things in the situation that you are talking about.We’re going to travel around the world.The Americans landed on the moon/Moon in 1969.The sky was blue and the sun/Sun was shining.* Use the when you are talking about buildings, places, and organizations, for example the bank, the theatre, the post office etc.I went to the theatre last week.She’s at the gym / in the office.* Use the to refer to a type of sport or a sports event.Who won the long jump?* Use the to say which type of musical instrument sb. plays.He plays the violin. I play the piano.* Use the to refer to a period of time.She remembers the war years.In the thirties unemployment was widespread.* Use the before an adjective to make it into a plural noun when you are referring to all the people that the adjective describes.She devoted her life to helping the poor.* Use the before a singular noun to refer to a type of institution, shop, system.You used to buy them from the chemist.I heard it on the radio. (cf. on TV / on television)* Use the before the name of a family in the plural to refer to all the members of that family.The Johnsons had lived in this house for many years.* Use the to refer to sth. that everyone knows because it is part of our natural environment or part of daily life.What was the weather like? (cf. Britain has a temperate climate.)* Many names of rivers, oceans, mountains, islands, channels, straights, etc. begin with the.the Mississippi River / the Thames / the River Thames / the Atlantic/Pacific Oceanthe Alps (but Mount Tai, Mont Blanc) / the English Channel / the Red SeaWhen NOT to use “a” and “the”:* Don’t use the with a countable noun in the plural, when you are talking in general about sth. Tigers are very fierce.Prices keep going up.* There are also many common nouns and phrases which do not use a or the, for example when talking about meals, illnesses, or ways of traveling. (Exception: use the before the names of certain common illnesses)Will you have lunch with me? (×Will you have the lunch with me?)Her mother has cancer. (×Her mother has the cancer.)I go to work by bus. (×I go to work by the bus.)If one of the children got the measles, we all got the measles.* Most place names do not have the in front of them. (Exceptions: Plural names of countries usually have the in front of them.)They’re visiting Belgium. (×They’re visiting the Belgium.) He’s from the United States. (×He’s from United States.) * No article is used before the word space in the sense of “that which surrounds all objects and continues outwards in all directions（空中，天空）; the area beyond the earth’s atmosphere where the stars and planets are（外层空间，太空）”He was staring into space. / The man-made satellite has been in space for a year.* When we speak of planets, no article is used. (However, if we use the word planet before the proper names, the definite。