2017-2018学年高一12月月考试题
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2023-2024学年度第一学期北京高一数学12月月考试卷(答案在最后)一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分1.已知集合{}2,A x x k k ==∈Z ,{}33B x x =-<<,那么A B = ()A.{}1,1- B.{}2,0-C.{}2,0,2- D.{}2,1,0,1--2.方程组22205x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解集是()A.()(){}1,2,1,2--B.()(){}1,2,1,2--C.()(){}2,1,2,1-- D.()(){}2,1,2,1--3.命题“x ∃∈R ,2230x x --<”的否定形式是()A.x ∃∈R ,2230x x -->B.x ∃∈R ,2230x x --≥C.x ∀∈R ,2230x x --< D.x ∀∈R ,2230x x --≥4.下列函数中,既是奇函数又在定义域上是增函数的是()A.ln y x =B.2x y =C.3y x = D.1y x=-5.某学校调查了200名学生每周的自习时间(单位:小时),制成了如图所示的频率分布直方图,其中自习时间的范围是17.5,30],样本数据分组为17.5,20),20,22.5),22.5,25),25,27.5),27.5,30).根据直方图,这200名学生中每周的自习时间不少于22.5小时的人数是A.56B.60C.140D.1206.设lg2a =,12log 3b =,0.22c =,则()A.a b c <<B.a c b<< C.b a c<< D.<<b c a7.若122log log 2a b +=,则有A.2a b= B.2b a= C.4a b= D.4b a=8.若()f x 是偶函数,且当[)0,x ∈+∞时,()1f x x =-,则()10f x -<的解集是()A.{}10x x -<<B.{0x x <或}12x <<C.{}02x x << D.{}12x x <<9.设函数()f x 的定义域为R ,则“()f x 是R 上的增函数”是“任意0a >,()()y f x a f x =+-无零点”的()A.充分而不必要条件B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件10.某企业生产,A B 两种型号的产品,每年的产量分别为10万支和40万支,为了扩大再生产,决定对两种产品的生产线进行升级改造,预计改造后的,A B 两种产品的年产量的增长率分别为50%和20%,那么至少经过多少年后,A 产品的年产量会超过B 产品的年产量(取20.3010lg =)A.6年B.7年C.8年D.9年二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分.)11.函数()1lg(1)2f x x x =-+-的定义域为___________.12.已知方程2410x x -+=的两根为1x 和2x ,则2212x x +=______;12x x -=______.13.设函数()f x 同时满足以下条件:①定义域为R ;②()01f =;③1x ∀,2R x ∈,当12x x ≠时,()()21210f x f x x x -<-;试写出一个函数解析式()f x =______.14.设函数()3log ,x af x x x a ≤≤=>⎪⎩,其中0a >.①若5a =,则()81f f ⎡⎤⎣⎦______;②若函数()3y f x =-有两个零点,则a 的取值范围是______.15.给定函数y =f (x ),设集合A ={x |y =f (x )},B ={y |y =f (x )}.若对于∀x ∈A ,∃y ∈B ,使得x +y =0成立,则称函数f (x )具有性质P .给出下列三个函数:①1y x =;②12xy ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭;③y =lgx .其中,具有性质P 的函数的序号是_____.三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共85分.)16.某校高一新生共有320人,其中男生192人,女生128人.为了解高一新生对数学选修课程的看法,采用分层抽样的方法从高一新生中抽取5人进行访谈.(Ⅰ)这5人中男生、女生各多少名?(Ⅱ)从这5人中随即抽取2人完成访谈问卷,求2人中恰有1名女生的概率.17.已知函数()211f x x =-.(1)证明:()f x 为偶函数;(2)用定义证明:()f x 是()1,+∞上的减函数;(3)直接写出()f x 在()1,+∞的值域.18.甲和乙分别记录了从初中一年级(2017年)到高中三年级(2022年)每年的视力值,如下表所示2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年2022年甲4.944.904.954.824.80 4.79乙 4.86 4.904.864.844.744.72(1)计算乙从2017年到2022年这6年的视力平均值;(2)从2017年到2022年这6年中随机选取2年,求这两年甲的视力值都比乙高0.05以上的概率;(3)甲和乙的视力平均值从哪年开始连续三年的方差最小?(结论不要求证明)19.某厂将“冰墩墩”的运动造型徽章纪念品定价为50元一个,该厂租用生产这种纪念品的厂房,租金为每年20万元,该纪念品年产量为x 万个()020x <≤,每年需投入的其它成本为()215,0102256060756,1020x x x C x x x x ⎧+<≤⎪⎪=⎨⎪+-<≤⎪⎩(单位:万元),且该纪念品每年都能买光.(1)求年利润()f x (单位:万元)关于x 的函数关系式;(2)当年产量x 为何值时,该厂的年利润最大?求出此时的年利润.20.已知函数()()12log 21xf x mx =+-,m ∈R .(1)求()0f ;(2)若函数()f x 是偶函数,求m 的值;(3)当1m =-时,当函数()y f x =的图象在直线=2y -的上方时,求x 的取值范围.21.设A 是实数集的非空子集,称集合{|,B uv u v A =∈且}u v ≠为集合A 的生成集.(1)当{}2,3,5A =时,写出集合A 的生成集B ;(2)若A 是由5个正实数构成的集合,求其生成集B 中元素个数的最小值;(3)判断是否存在4个正实数构成的集合A ,使其生成集{}2,3,5,6,10,16B =,并说明理由.2023-2024学年度第一学期北京高一数学12月月考试卷一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分1.已知集合{}2,A x x k k ==∈Z ,{}33B x x =-<<,那么A B = ()A.{}1,1- B.{}2,0-C.{}2,0,2- D.{}2,1,0,1--【答案】C 【解析】【分析】解不等式()323k k Z -<<∈,求得整数k 的取值,由此可求得A B ⋂.【详解】解不等式323k -<<,得3322k -<<,k Z ∈ ,所以,整数k 的可能取值有1-、0、1,因此,{}2,0,2A B =- .故选:C.【点睛】本题考查交集的计算,考查计算能力,属于基础题.2.方程组22205x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解集是()A.()(){}1,2,1,2--B.()(){}1,2,1,2--C.()(){}2,1,2,1-- D.()(){}2,1,2,1--【答案】A 【解析】【分析】利用代入消元法,求解方程组的解集即可.【详解】因为22205x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩,所以2y x =-代入225x y +=,即()2225x x +-=,解得1x =±.当=1x -时,()212y =-⨯-=;当1x =时,212y =-⨯=-.故22205x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解集是()(){}1,2,1,2--.故选:A.3.命题“x ∃∈R ,2230x x --<”的否定形式是()A.x ∃∈R ,2230x x -->B.x ∃∈R ,2230x x --≥C.x ∀∈R ,2230x x --<D.x ∀∈R ,2230x x --≥【答案】D 【解析】【分析】直接根据特称命题的否定是全称命题来得答案.【详解】根据特称命题的否定是全称命题可得命题“x ∃∈R ,2230x x --<”的否定形式是x ∀∈R ,2230x x --≥.故选:D.4.下列函数中,既是奇函数又在定义域上是增函数的是()A.ln y x =B.2x y =C.3y x =D.1y x=-【答案】C 【解析】【分析】由函数的奇偶性和单调性的定义对选项一一判断即可得出答案.【详解】对于A ,ln y x =的定义域为{}0x x >,不关于原点对称,所以ln y x =是非奇非偶函数,故A 不正确;对于B ,2x y =的定义域为R ,关于原点对称,而()()122xx f x f x --==≠-,所以2x y =不是奇函数,故B 不正确;对于C ,3y x =的定义域为R ,关于原点对称,而()()()33f x x x f x -=-=-=-,所以3y x =是奇函数且在R 上是增函数,故C 正确;对于D ,1y x=-定义域为{}0x x ≠,关于原点对称,()()1f x f x x -==-,所以1y x=-是奇函数,1y x=-在(),0∞-和()0,∞+上单调递增,不能说成在定义域上单调递增,因为不满足增函数的定义,故D 不正确.故选:C .5.某学校调查了200名学生每周的自习时间(单位:小时),制成了如图所示的频率分布直方图,其中自习时间的范围是17.5,30],样本数据分组为17.5,20),20,22.5),22.5,25),25,27.5),27.5,30).根据直方图,这200名学生中每周的自习时间不少于22.5小时的人数是A.56B.60C.140D.120【答案】C 【解析】【详解】试题分析:由题意得,自习时间不少于22.5小时的频率为(0.160.080.04) 2.50.7++⨯=,故自习时间不少于22.5小时的人数为0.7200140⨯=,故选C.考点:频率分布直方图及其应用.6.设lg2a =,12log 3b =,0.22c =,则()A.a b c <<B.a c b<< C.b a c<< D.<<b c a【答案】C 【解析】【分析】借助中间量0,1可确定大小.【详解】对于lg2a =,由lg2lg1=0,lg2lg10=1><得01a <<,对于12log 3b =,由1122log 3log 10<=得0b <,对于0.22c =,由0.20221>=得1c >,所以b a c <<.故选:C.7.若122log log 2a b +=,则有A.2a b = B.2b a= C.4a b= D.4b a=【答案】C 【解析】【分析】由对数的运算可得212log log a b +=2log 2ab=,再求解即可.【详解】解:因为212log log a b +=222log log log 2a b ab-==,所以224a b==,即4a b =,故选:C.【点睛】本题考查了对数的运算,属基础题.8.若()f x 是偶函数,且当[)0,x ∈+∞时,()1f x x =-,则()10f x -<的解集是()A.{}10x x -<<B.{0x x <或}12x <<C.{}02x x << D.{}12x x <<【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据()f x 是偶函数,先得到()0f x <的解集,再由()10f x -<,将1x -代入求解.【详解】因为[)0,x ∈+∞时,()1f x x =-,所以由()0f x <,解得01x ≤<,又因为()f x 是偶函数,所以()0f x <的解集是11x -<<,所以()10f x -<,得111x -<-<,解得02x <<所以()10f x -<的解集是{}02x x <<,故选:C9.设函数()f x 的定义域为R ,则“()f x 是R 上的增函数”是“任意0a >,()()y f x a f x =+-无零点”的()A.充分而不必要条件B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【答案】A 【解析】【分析】由()f x 是R 上的增函数得()()f x a f x +>,即()()0y f x a f x =+>-无零点,满足充分性;反之若对任意0a >,()()f x a f x +<,满足()()y f x a f x =+-无零点,但不满足()f x 是R 上的增函数,不满足必要性,即可判断.【详解】若()f x 是R 上的增函数,则对任意0a >,显然x a x +>,故()()f x a f x +>,即()()0y f x a f x =+>-无零点,满足充分性;反之,若对任意0a >,()()f x a f x +<,即()()0f x a f x +<-,满足()()y f x a f x =+-无零点,但()f x 是R 上的减函数,不满足必要性,故“()f x 是R 上的增函数”是“任意0a >,()()y f x a f x =+-无零点”的充分而不必要条件.故选:A.10.某企业生产,A B 两种型号的产品,每年的产量分别为10万支和40万支,为了扩大再生产,决定对两种产品的生产线进行升级改造,预计改造后的,A B 两种产品的年产量的增长率分别为50%和20%,那么至少经过多少年后,A 产品的年产量会超过B 产品的年产量(取20.3010lg =)A.6年 B.7年 C.8年 D.9年【答案】B 【解析】【分析】依题求出经过x 年后,A 产品和B 产品的年产量分别为310(2x,640()5x,根据题意列出不等式,求出x 的范围即可得到答案.【详解】依题经过x 年后,A 产品的年产量为1310(110()22xx+=)B 产品的年产量为1640(140()55x x +=,依题意若A 产品的年产量会超过B 产品的年产量,则3610()40(25xx>化简得154x x +>,即lg 5(1)lg 4x x >+,所以2lg 213lg 2x >-,又20.3010lg =,则2lg 26.206213lg 2≈-所以至少经过7年A 产品的年产量会超过B 产品的年产量.故选:B【点睛】本题主要考查指数函数模型,解指数型不等式,属于基础题.二、填空题(本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分.)11.函数()1lg(1)2f x x x =-+-的定义域为___________.【答案】()()1,22,⋃+∞【解析】【分析】根据函数的解析式,列出函数有意义时满足的不等式,求得答案.【详解】函数()()1lg 12f x x x =-+-需满足1020x x ->⎧⎨-≠⎩,解得1x >且2x ≠,故函数()()1lg 12f x x x =-+-的定义域为()()1,22,⋃+∞,故答案为:()()1,22,⋃+∞12.已知方程2410x x -+=的两根为1x 和2x ,则2212x x +=______;12x x -=______.【答案】①.14②.【解析】【分析】利用韦达定理可得2212x x +、12x x -的值.【详解】因为方程2410x x -+=的两根为1x 和2x ,由韦达定理可得124x x +=,121=x x ,所以,()2221222121242114x x x x x x =+-=-=+⨯,12x x -===.故答案为:14;.13.设函数()f x 同时满足以下条件:①定义域为R ;②()01f =;③1x ∀,2R x ∈,当12x x ≠时,()()21210f x f x x x -<-;试写出一个函数解析式()f x =______.【答案】1x -+(答案不唯一)【解析】【分析】由题意首先由③得到函数的单调性,再结合函数定义域,特殊点的函数值,容易联想到一次函数,由此即可得解.【详解】由③,不妨设12x x ∀<,即210x x ->,都有()()21210f x f x x x -<-,即()()210f x f x -<,即()()21f x f x <,所以由题意可知()f x 是定义域为R 的减函数且满足()01f =,不妨设一次函数y x b =-+满足题意,则10b =-+,即1b =.故答案为:1x -+.14.设函数()3log ,x a f x x x a ≤≤=>⎪⎩,其中0a >.①若5a =,则()81f f ⎡⎤⎣⎦______;②若函数()3y f x =-有两个零点,则a 的取值范围是______.【答案】①.2②.[)9,27【解析】【分析】①代值计算即可;②分别画出()y f x =与3y =的图象,函数有两个零点,结合图象可得答案.【详解】①当5a =时,()35log ,5x f x x x ≤≤=>⎪⎩因为815>,所以()43381log 81log 345f ===<,所以()()8142f f f ⎡⎤===⎣⎦.②因为函数()3y f x =-有两个零点,所以()3f x =,即()y f x =与3y =的图象有两个交点.3=得9x =,3log 3x =得27x =.结合图象可得927a ≤<,即[)9,27a ∈.所以a 的取值范围是[)9,27.故答案为:①2;②[)9,27.15.给定函数y =f (x ),设集合A ={x |y =f (x )},B ={y |y =f (x )}.若对于∀x ∈A ,∃y ∈B ,使得x +y =0成立,则称函数f (x )具有性质P .给出下列三个函数:①1y x =;②12xy ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭;③y =lgx .其中,具有性质P 的函数的序号是_____.【答案】①③【解析】【分析】A 即为函数的定义域,B 即为函数的值域,求出每个函数的定义域及值域,直接判断即可.【详解】对①,A =(﹣∞,0)∪(0,+∞),B =(﹣∞,0)∪(0,+∞),显然对于∀x ∈A ,∃y ∈B ,使得x +y =0成立,即具有性质P ;对②,A =R ,B =(0,+∞),当x >0时,不存在y ∈B ,使得x +y =0成立,即不具有性质P ;对③,A =(0,+∞),B =R ,显然对于∀x ∈A ,∃y ∈B ,使得x +y =0成立,即具有性质P ;故答案为:①③.【点睛】本题以新定义为载体,旨在考查函数的定义域及值域,属于基础题.三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共85分.)16.某校高一新生共有320人,其中男生192人,女生128人.为了解高一新生对数学选修课程的看法,采用分层抽样的方法从高一新生中抽取5人进行访谈.(Ⅰ)这5人中男生、女生各多少名?(Ⅱ)从这5人中随即抽取2人完成访谈问卷,求2人中恰有1名女生的概率.【答案】(Ⅰ)男生3人,女生2人;(Ⅱ)35【解析】【分析】(Ⅰ)利用分层抽样按比例计算出这5人中男生人数和女生人数.(Ⅱ)记这5人中的3名男生为B 1,B 2,B 3,2名女生为G 1,G 2,利用列举法能求出抽取的2人中恰有1名女生的概率.【详解】(Ⅰ)这5人中男生人数为19253320⨯=,女生人数为12852320⨯=.(Ⅱ)记这5人中的3名男生为B 1,B 2,B 3,2名女生为G 1,G 2,则样本空间为:Ω={(B 1,B 2),(B 1,B 3),(B 1,G 1),(B 1,G 2),(B 2,B 3),(B 2,G 1),(B 2,G 2),(B 3,G 1),(B 3,G 2),(G 1,G 2)},样本空间中,共包含10个样本点.设事件A 为“抽取的2人中恰有1名女生”,则A ={(B 1,G 1),(B 1,G 2),(B 2,G 1),(B 2,G 2),(B 3,G 1),(B 3,G 2)},事件A 共包含6个样本点.从而()63105P A ==所以抽取的2人中恰有1名女生的概率为35.【点睛】本题考查古典概型概率,考查分层抽样、列举法等基础知识,考查运算求解能力,是基础题.17.已知函数()211f x x =-.(1)证明:()f x 为偶函数;(2)用定义证明:()f x 是()1,+∞上的减函数;(3)直接写出()f x 在()1,+∞的值域.【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)证明见解析(3)()0,∞+【解析】【分析】(1)根据奇偶性的定义证明即可;(2)利用单调性定义证明即可;(3)根据单调性直接求得即可.【小问1详解】由函数()211f x x =-可知210x -¹,即1x ≠±,所以函数()f x 的定义域为{}1D x x =≠±,所以x D ∀∈,()()()221111f x f x x x -===---,故()f x 为偶函数.【小问2详解】假设()12,1,x x ∀∈+∞且12x x <,则()()()()()()()()()()()222221212121122222222212121212111111111111x x x x x x x x f x f x x x x x x x x x ----+--=-===--------,由()12,1,x x ∀∈+∞,12x x <知()()222121120,0,110x x x x x x ->+>++>,从而()()120f x f x ->,即()()12f x f x >.所以()f x 是()1,+∞上的减函数.【小问3详解】因为()f x 在()1,+∞上减函数,所以()f x 在()1,+∞的值域为()0,∞+.18.甲和乙分别记录了从初中一年级(2017年)到高中三年级(2022年)每年的视力值,如下表所示2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年2022年甲 4.94 4.90 4.95 4.82 4.80 4.79乙4.864.904.864.844.744.72(1)计算乙从2017年到2022年这6年的视力平均值;(2)从2017年到2022年这6年中随机选取2年,求这两年甲的视力值都比乙高0.05以上的概率;(3)甲和乙的视力平均值从哪年开始连续三年的方差最小?(结论不要求证明)【答案】(1)4.82(2)25(3)甲的视力平均值从2020开始连续三年的方差最小,乙的视力平均值从2017开始连续三年的方差最小.【解析】【分析】(1)利用平均数公式计算即可;(2)列表分析,利用古典概型概率公式计算即可(3)由表中数据分析波动性即可得结论.【小问1详解】乙从2017年到2022年这6年的视力平均值为:4.86 4.90 4.86 4.84 4.74 4.724.826+++++=.【小问2详解】列表:2017年2018年2019年2020年2021年2022年甲 4.94 4.90 4.95 4.82 4.80 4.79乙 4.864.904.864.844.744.72甲与乙视力值的差0.0800.090.02-0.060.07由表格可知:2017年到2022年这6年中随机选取2年,这两年甲的视力值都比乙高0.05上的年份由有4年,故所求概率为:2426C 62C 155P ===【小问3详解】从表格数据分析可得:甲的视力平均值从2020开始连续三年的方差最小,乙的视力平均值从2017开始连续三年的方差最小.19.某厂将“冰墩墩”的运动造型徽章纪念品定价为50元一个,该厂租用生产这种纪念品的厂房,租金为每年20万元,该纪念品年产量为x 万个()020x <≤,每年需投入的其它成本为()215,0102256060756,1020x x x C x x x x ⎧+<≤⎪⎪=⎨⎪+-<≤⎪⎩(单位:万元),且该纪念品每年都能买光.(1)求年利润()f x (单位:万元)关于x 的函数关系式;(2)当年产量x 为何值时,该厂的年利润最大?求出此时的年利润.【答案】(1)()214520,0102256010736,1020x x x f x x x x ⎧-+-<≤⎪⎪=⎨⎛⎫⎪-++<≤ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩(2)当年产量x 为16万个时,该厂的年利润最大,为416万元【解析】【分析】(1)根据利润等于销售总额减去总成本即可得出答案.(2)求出分段函数每一段的最大值,进行比较即可得出答案.【小问1详解】由题意得:()()5020f x x C x =--,()020x <≤.因为()215,0102256060756,1020x x x C x x x x ⎧+<≤⎪⎪=⎨⎪+-<≤⎪⎩所以()2150205,01022560502060756,1020x x x x f x x x x x ⎧⎛⎫--+<≤ ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭=⎨⎛⎫⎪--+-<≤ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩,即()214520,0102256010736,1020x x x f x x x x ⎧-+-<≤⎪⎪=⎨⎛⎫⎪-++<≤ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩.【小问2详解】当010x <≤时,函数()2145202f x x x =-+-在(]0,10单调递增,此时()()2max 110104510203802f x f ==-⨯+⨯-=.当1020x <≤时,函数()256010736f x x x ⎛⎫=-++ ⎪⎝⎭在()10,16上单调递增,在()16,20上单调递减,此时()()max 256016101673641638016f x f ⎛⎫==-⨯++=> ⎪⎝⎭.综上可得:当年产量x 为16万个时,该厂的年利润最大,为416万元.20.已知函数()()12log 21x f x mx =+-,m ∈R .(1)求()0f ;(2)若函数()f x 是偶函数,求m 的值;(3)当1m =-时,当函数()y f x =的图象在直线=2y -的上方时,求x 的取值范围.【答案】(1)1-(2)12m =-(3)21log 3x >【解析】【分析】(1)直接将0x =代入计算;(2)通过计算()()0f x f x --=恒成立可得m 的值;(3)解不等式()12log 212xx ++>-即可.【小问1详解】由已知得()()12log 2110f =+=-;【小问2详解】函数()f x 是偶函数,()()()()11122221log 21log 21log 212x xxx mxf x f x mx mx --⎡⎤+∴--=+--++⎢+⎣-=⎥⎦()1222210log 2x mx x mx x m =-=--=-+=,又()210x m -+=要恒成立,故210m +=,解得12m =-;【小问3详解】当1m =-时,()()12log 21x f x x =++,当函数()y f x =的图象在直线=2y -的上方时有()12log 212xx ++>-,()2211222112422l 2og 212log 21x xxxx x x --+--⎛⎫⎛⎫⇒==⨯ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝+>--=+<⎭21log 31321223xx⇒⨯>⇒>=解得21log 3x >.21.设A 是实数集的非空子集,称集合{|,B uv u v A =∈且}u v ≠为集合A 的生成集.(1)当{}2,3,5A =时,写出集合A 的生成集B ;(2)若A 是由5个正实数构成的集合,求其生成集B 中元素个数的最小值;(3)判断是否存在4个正实数构成的集合A ,使其生成集{}2,3,5,6,10,16B =,并说明理由.【答案】(1){}6,10,15B =(2)7(3)不存在,理由见解析【解析】【分析】(1)利用集合的生成集定义直接求解.(2)设{}12345,,,,A a a a a a =,且123450a a a a a <<<<<,利用生成集的定义即可求解;(3)不存在,理由反证法说明.【小问1详解】{}2,3,5A =Q ,{}6,10,15B ∴=【小问2详解】设{}12345,,,,A a a a a a =,不妨设123450a a a a a <<<<<,因为41213141525355a a a a a a a a a a a a a a <<<<<<,所以B 中元素个数大于等于7个,又{}254132,2,2,2,2A =,{}34689572,2,2,2,2,2,2B =,此时B 中元素个数等于7个,所以生成集B 中元素个数的最小值为7.【小问3详解】不存在,理由如下:假设存在4个正实数构成的集合{},,,A a b c d =,使其生成集{}2,3,5,6,10,16B =,不妨设0a b c d <<<<,则集合A 的生成集{},,,,,B ab ac ad bc bd cd =则必有2,16ab cd ==,其4个正实数的乘积32abcd =;也有3,10ac bd ==,其4个正实数的乘积30abcd =,矛盾;所以假设不成立,故不存在4个正实数构成的集合A ,使其生成集{}2,3,5,6,10,16B =【点睛】关键点点睛:本题考查集合的新定义,解题的关键是理解集合A 的生成集的定义,考查学生的分析解题能力,属于较难题.。
2017—2018学年度第一学期第一次月考试题高一生物本试题分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,满分100分,考试时间90分钟第I卷(选择题)一、单项选择题。
每小题四个选项中只有一个选项是正确的。
每小题2分,共60分。
1.某学者正在研究某种鸟类的季节性迁徙行为,他的研究对象对应于哪一生命层次:()A.个体 B.种群 C.生物群落 D.生态系统2. 在将显微镜的低倍镜转换成高倍镜并寻找物像的过程中,不应出现的操作过程()A.转动细准焦螺旋 B.转动粗准焦螺旋 C.转动转换器 D.调节反光镜和光圈3. 下列几种概念关系中,正确的是()A B C D4..用含32P标记的磷酸盐的营养液培养洋葱根尖细胞,一段时间后细胞的下列结构以及化合物均有放射性的是()①脱氧核糖②核膜③细胞壁④核糖体⑤叶绿体.A.②④ B.①②⑤ C.①②④ D.②④⑤5.某22肽被水解成1个4肽,2个3肽,2个6肽,则这些多肽的氨基总数的最小值及肽键总数依次是()A.6、18 B.5、18 C.5、17 D.6、176. 下列四种化合物中,构成生物蛋白质的氨基酸是( )A BC D7. 研究发现,内皮素在皮肤中分布不均,是形成色斑的主要原因。
内皮素拮抗剂进入皮肤,可以和黑色素细胞膜的受体结合,使内皮素失去作用,这为美容研究机构带来了福音。
上述材料体现了细胞膜的哪项功能( )A .细胞膜中磷脂含量越高,功能越复杂B .细胞膜作为系统的边界,严格控制物质进出细胞C .细胞膜具有信息交流的功能D .细胞膜的组成成分主要为磷脂和蛋白质8. 下列关于无机盐的说法中错误的是 ( )A .植物体缺镁会影响光合作用,原因是影响了叶绿素的合成B .缺铁会影响血红蛋白的合成进而造成缺铁性贫血C .大量出汗时会排出很多的无机盐,这时应多喝淡盐水D .细胞对Pb 2+需求量不大,但不可缺少9.淀粉→ 麦芽糖 →葡萄糖→糖元,是某生物体内糖类的某些变化,下面的说法不正确的是( )A.此生物一定是动物,因为能合成糖元B.淀粉和糖元,都属于多糖C.此生物一定是动物,因为能利用葡萄糖D.麦芽糖为二糖,葡萄糖为单糖10.代谢旺盛的细胞中,下列哪一项不会上升()A .线粒体的数量B . 核DNA 的含量C .自由水的比例 D . 核糖体的数量11.下表是关于物质检测的内容,其中正确的是 ( )COOH H —C —CH 2—CH 2—COOH NH 2 H H —C —CH 2—COOH NH 2COOHHOOC —C —CH 2—COOHH H H 2N —C —CH 2OH H12.下列有关实验的叙述,正确的是()A.双缩脲试剂与稀鸡蛋清溶液作用呈紫色的过程需要水浴加热B.探究pH对酶促反应速率的影响,反应速率是自变量C.为了更好的观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布,应分别使用甲基绿和吡罗红两种试剂D.用紫色洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞观察质壁分离及复原时,需用小光圈和平面镜将显微镜视野调暗13.下列有关生物实验的叙述,正确的是( )A. 在检测脂肪的实验中,对经过染色的花生薄片用无水乙醇处理,以洗去浮色B. 在观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布实验中,植物材料用紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞C. 在探究酵母菌细胞呼吸的方式实验中,用酸性重铬酸钾检验无氧呼吸产生的酒精D. 在探究温度对酶活性影响的实验中,通常用过氧化氢酶做实验材料14.3 月24 日是世界结核病防治日,结核病是由结核杆菌引起的慢性传染病,下列关于结核杆菌的描述正确的是( )A.高倍显微镜下可观察到该菌的遗传物质分布于细胞核内B.该菌的生命活动所需能量主要由线粒体提供C.该菌感染机体后能快速繁殖,表明其可抵抗溶酶体的消化降解D.该菌的蛋白质在核糖体合成、内质网加工后由高尔基体运输到相应部位15.在水稻根尖成熟区表皮细胞中能正常完成的生理活动有()①核糖核苷酸→RNA②合成RNA聚合酶③渗透作用④K+自由扩散进入细胞⑤染色质→染色体⑥[H]+O2→H2OA.3项B.4项C. 5项D.6项16.下列选项中不符合“含量关系可表示为c=a+b且a>b”的是()A.a非必需氨基酸种类、b必需氨基酸种类、c人体蛋白质的氨基酸种类B.a细胞质内的膜面积、b细胞核的膜面积、c生物膜系统的膜面积C.a线粒体的内膜面积、b线粒体的外膜面积、c线粒体膜面积D.a叶肉细胞的自由水、b叶肉细胞的结合水、c叶肉细胞总含水量17. 一场“毒黄瓜”引起的病疫曾在德国蔓延并不断扩散至各国,欧洲一时陷入恐慌。
内蒙古集宁一中2017—2018学年高一12月月考化学试题一、选择题1。
下列各组离子中,在碱性溶液中能大量共存,且溶液为无色透明的是()A. K+、、Cl-、B. Na+、、、Cl-C。
、Na+、、Ba2+D。
Na+、、H+、【答案】B【解析】A项,在碱性溶液中,四种离子之间不反应,能大量共存,但MnO4-在溶液中为紫色,与无色溶液不符,故A错误;B项,在碱性溶液中,四种离子之间不反应,能大量共存,且都为无色,符合题意,故B正确;C项,一般的碱性条件下HCO3-不能大量共存,且SO42-与Ba2+反应生成沉淀,故C错误;D项,碱性条件下,H+不能大量共存,故D错误.点睛:本题考查离子共存问题,离子大量共存就是离子之间不发生任何反应,注意把握常见离子的性质及题中的限制条件,若溶液为无色,则有颜色的离子的不能大量存在,中学阶段常考的有颜色离子应熟记:Cu2+、Fe3+、Fe2+、MnO4-等;能在碱性条件下大量共存,题中隐含条件为:溶液中存在大量OH-,则除了各离子间不发生任何反应外,与OH-也不会反应。
2. 在反应:KIO3+6HI===3I2+KI+3H2O中,氧化产物与还原产物的物质的量之比为( )A。
1∶1 B. 6∶1C. 1∶5 D。
5∶1【答案】D3。
下列反应的离子方程式书写正确的是( )A. 钠和冷水反应:Na+2H2O===Na++2OH-+H2↑B. 金属铝溶于NaOH溶液:2Al+2H2O+2OH-===2+3H2↑C. 金属铝溶于盐酸中:2Al+3H+===Al3++3H2↑D. 氢氧化铜溶于稀硫酸:H++OH-===H2O【答案】B【解析】A项,离子反应要遵循电荷守恒,钠和冷水反应的离子方程式是:2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH—+H2↑,故A错误;B项,金属铝具有两性,能和强碱溶液反应生成偏铝酸盐和氢气,所以金属铝溶于NaOH溶液离子方程式:2Al+2H2O+2OH—=2AlO2—+3H2↑,故B正确;C项,金属铝溶于盐酸的离子反应为:2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑,故C错误;氢氧化铜是难溶物,书写离子方程式时不能拆,正确的离子方程式为:Cu(OH)2+2H+=Cu2++2H2O,故D错误.4. 金属钠投入到下列溶液中,既有气体放出,又有蓝色沉淀生成的是()A. 盐酸B。
宁夏银川一中2017-2018学年高一语文上学期第一次月考试题一、语文知识及运用(33分,每小题3分)1. 下列词语中,加点字的读音正确..的一组是 ( )A.惆怅.(chàng) 寥廓.(guò) 慷慨.(kǎi)激昂B.上阕.(juè) 阻遏.(è) 百舸.(gě)争流C.携.(xié)带峥.嵘(zhēng) 挥斥方遒(qiú)D.百侣(lǚ) 橘(jú)子洲载(zǎi)歌载舞2. 下列词语中,字形全部正确....的一组是 ( )A.淬炼忤视沧桑戮没B.凄惋斑斓屠戳偏袒C.赡养忸怩愁怅切而啖之D.坍塌恶耗蔓草运筹帷幄3.下列各句中,加点的成语使用正确..的一项是 ( )A.电视剧《恰同学少年》以毛泽东在湖南第一师范的读书生活为背景,展现了以毛泽东等为代表的一批优秀青年风华正茂....的学习和生活故事。
B.完善各级各类学校的心理健康工作者队伍建设,实施有针对性的心理健康教育,可以亡.羊补牢...,使学生的常见心理问题在萌芽状态及时得到解决。
C.王老先生七十多岁,但身板硬朗,手脚麻利,做起事来劲头十足,真称得上年富力强....。
D.这首诗不仅运用独具特色的意象,给人一种清新之感,在结构上也不落窠臼....,其独特的构思,来自于诗人对自由天性的追求。
4.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是()A.今年春节期间,这个市的210辆消防车、3000多名消防官兵,放弃休假,始终坚守在各自执勤的岗位上。
B.《消费者权益保护法》深受广大消费者所欢迎,因为它强化了人们的自我保护意识,使消费者的权益得到了最大限度的保护。
C.她把积攒引导来的400元零花钱,资助给贫困地区的失学儿童赵长波,确保他能够支付读完小学的学费。
D.3月17日,6名委员因受贿丑闻被驱逐出国际奥委会。
第二天,世界各大报纸关于这起震惊国际体坛的事件都作了详细报道。
5.下列对文学常识的表述不正确...的一项是( )A.词,是我国传统诗歌中的一种特殊体裁,又叫诗余、曲子词、长短句等,起源于隋唐之际,盛行于宋。
辽宁省大连市高一数学 12 月月考试卷姓名:________班级:________成绩:________一、 单选题 (共 12 题;共 12 分)1. (1 分) 已知 A . 第一象限角 B . 第二象限角 C . 第三象限角 D . 第四象限角, 则角 是()2. (1 分) 已知 a=, b=20.3 , c=0.30.2 , 则 a,b,c 三者的大小关系是( )A . b>c>aB . b>a>cC . a>b>cD . c>b>a3. (1 分) (2017·南阳模拟) 中国传统文化中很多内容体现了数学的对称美,如图所示的太极图是由黑白两 个鱼形纹组成的圆形图案,充分展现了相互转化、对称统一的形式美、和谐美,给出定义:能够将圆 O 的周长和面 积同时平分的函数称为这个圆的“优美函数”,给出下列命题:①对于任意一个圆 O,其“优美函数“有无数个”;②函数可以是某个圆的“优美函数”;③正弦函数 y=sinx 可以同时是无数个圆的“优美函数”;④函数 y=f(x)是“优美函数”的充要条件为函数 y=f(x)的图象是中心对称图形.其中正确的命题是( )第 1 页 共 10 页A . ①③ B . ①③④ C . ②③ D . ①④ 4. (1 分) (2019 高一上·长春期中) 化 A. B. C.为弧度为( )D. 5. (1 分) (2016 高一上·桓台期中) 方程 log2x+x﹣5=0 在下列哪个区间必有实数解( ) A . (1,2) B . (2,3) C . (3,4) D . (4,5) 6. (1 分) (2019 高三上·维吾尔自治月考) 下列各命题正确的是( ) A . 终边相同的角一定相等 B . 第一象限角都是锐角 C . 锐角都是第一象限的角第 2 页 共 10 页D . 小于 90 度的角都是锐角7. (1 分) (2020·海南模拟) 已知偶函数,则()满足对A.B.,且当时,C.D. 8. (1 分) (2015 高三上·潮州期末) 已知 A. B. C.﹣ D.﹣ 9. (1 分) 若函数 A . [ , 1) B . [ , 1) C. D . (1, ),则=( )在区间内单调递增,则 a 取值范围是( )第 3 页 共 10 页10. (1 分) 已知 A. B.,则的值为( )C. D. 11. (1 分) (2018 高二下·保山期末) 若函数 取值范围是( ) A. B.在区间内单调递增,则实数 的C.D.12. (1 分) 已知函数 f(x 十 1)是定义在 R 上的奇函数,若对于任意给定的不等实数 (x1)+x2f(x2)<x1f(x2)+x2f(x1)恒成立,则不等式 f(1-x)<0 的解集为( ), 不等式 x1fA . (一 , 0)B . (0,+ )C . (一 , 1)D . (1,+ )二、 填空题 (共 4 题;共 4 分)13. (1 分) (2020 高一下·海淀期中) 已知扇形的半径为 9,圆心角为 120°,则扇形的弧长为________, 面积为________.第 4 页 共 10 页14. (1 分) (2020 高二下·宁波期中) 已知函数,则________;的定义域为 R,,已知 ________.15. (1 分) (2016 高一下·姜堰期中) sin135°=________.16. (1 分) (2018 高一上·宁波期末) 已知函数 f(x)=cos(2x x∈[- , ],),则=________;若则 sin(x)=________.三、 解答题 (共 6 题;共 11 分)17. ( 2 分 ) (2019 高 一 上 · 延 安 期 中 ) 已 知 全 集 .(1) 若 (2) 若,求及.,求实数 的取值范围.,集合时, , ,18. (3 分) (2020·如皋模拟) 已知,,,且.(1) 求的值;(2) 求的值.19. (1 分) (2019 高一下·来宾期末) 已知,(1) 求;(2) 若,求.20.(2 分)(2020 高一下·佛山期中) 在中,内角 A,B,C 的对边 a,b,c,且,已知,,,求:(1) a 和 c 的值;第 5 页 共 10 页(2)的值.21. (1 分) (2019 高一上·怀仁期中) 已知函数小值之和为 ,记.(1) 求 的值;(2) 证明:;(且)在区间上的最大值与最(3) 求的值.22. (2 分) (2019 高一上·荆门期中) 已知函数,且.(1) 求 的值., 关于 的不等式的解集为(2) 是否存在实数 ,使函数 若不存在,说明理由.的最小值为 ?若存在,求出 的值;第 6 页 共 10 页一、 单选题 (共 12 题;共 12 分)1-1、 2-1、 3-1、 4-1、 5-1、 6-1、 7-1、 8-1、 9-1、 10-1、 11-1、 12-1、二、 填空题 (共 4 题;共 4 分)参考答案13-1、14-1、第 7 页 共 10 页15-1、 16-1、三、 解答题 (共 6 题;共 11 分)17-1、 17-2、18-1、18-2、第 8 页 共 10 页19-1、 19-2、20-1、20-2、 21-1、第 9 页 共 10 页21-2、 21-3、 22-1、22-2、第 10 页 共 10 页。
高一语文质量检测试题(2016、12)本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)与第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
满分150分,考试时间150分钟。
请把选择题1、2、3、10、11、12、17、18、19按题号相对应地填涂到答题卡上。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题(共70分)一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)论述类文本阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
古代女子以黛画眉,故称黛眉。
宋词中对于眉毛的描写非常多,《全宋词》中“眉”字出现的次数达到一千五百零九次。
从审美学上来看,眉毛在人的面庞上的作用不容忽视,往往起到画龙点睛之作用。
在一首诗词作品中,对于眉黛的描写,能体现女子的美貌动人。
“层波潋滟远山横,一笑一倾城”(柳永《少年游》)描写了一个漂亮的歌女,眉毛像远山一样,眼波流转,千娇百媚。
“远山眉黛长,细柳腰肢袅”(晏几道《生查子》)也是通过描写远山眉、细柳腰,向读者展示出了女子的美貌。
宋人认为,眉毛是很好的表现情感的工具。
通过对眉黛的描写,还可以表现委婉细腻的情感。
宋代词人陈三聘在《鹧鸪天》中写道“春愁何事点眉山”,把女子画眉和春愁结合在了一起。
同样用眉黛来表示愁情的,还有如“金缕歌中眉黛皱。
多少闲愁,借与伤春瘦”(石孝友《蝶恋花》)以及“眉黛只供愁,羞见双鸳鸯字”(贺铸《忆仙姿》)。
可以看出,宋词中关于眉的描写,很多时候都和“愁绪”这个意象联系在一起。
眉黛代表女子,以眉而写愁绪,体现了古代女子的惆怅心理和孤苦命运。
欧阳修的《诉衷情•眉意》中有这样的词句:“都缘自有离恨,故画作、远山长。
”“远山”指的是北宋时期十分流行的一种眉形画法——“远山眉”,即眉毛细长而舒扬,颜色略淡。
古人常以山水来表达离别之意,歌女画眉作“远山长”,表明了她内心的凄苦之情,因为她“自有离恨”,故而将眉毛画作远山之形。
“花黄”也称“花子”“额黄”,是古代妇女面部的一种额饰。
它用彩色光纸、绸罗、云母片、蝉翼、蜻蜓翅乃至鱼骨等为原料,染成金黄、霁红或翠绿等色,剪作花、鸟、鱼等形,粘贴于额头、酒靥、嘴角、鬓边等处。
高一年级第二次信息技术月考试卷(满分100分,考试时间30分钟)一、必修模块选择题(共40小题,每题1.5分,共60分。
每小题只有一个正确答案)1.以下对信息的理解,正确的是()。
A. 信息是一种资源B. 自从有了人类社会,就有了信息C. 信息不会过时D. 信息可以脱离载体,单独存在【答案】A【解析】【详解】略2.通常认为人类经历的五次信息技术革命依次为:语言的使用;文字的创造;();电报、、广播、电视的发明和普及;计算机技术和现代通信技术的普及应用。
A. 火的使用B. 指南针的发明和应用C. 印刷术的发明D. 蒸汽机的发明和应用【答案】C【解析】【详解】略3.下列关于信息的说法中,错误的是()。
A. 《新闻联播》节目中报导的新闻是一种信息B. 观众可以通过《新闻联播》节目获取国际国内的信息C. 播放《新闻联播》节目的电视机也是一种信息D. 《新闻联播》节目中的图像、声音都是信息的载体【答案】C【解析】【详解】略4.下列选项中,通常不用于存储文字信息的文件类型是()。
A. PDFB. DOCC. TXTD. MIDI【答案】D【解析】【详解】略5.在因特网上搜索信息是,为了缩小搜索范围,经常要进行下面的哪些操作?()A. 改变关键词B. 使用逻辑控制符号AND,使多个条件同时满足要求进行限制C. 换一个搜索引擎D. 使用逻辑控制符号OR【答案】B【解析】【详解】略6.如果我们要浏览网站" :// ",需要在浏览器的____中输入该URL地址。
A. 任务栏B. 链接栏C. 标题栏D. 地址栏【答案】D【解析】【详解】略7.使用百度搜索引擎进行检索后得到的搜索结果是()。
A. 因特网上网站中的相关具体内容B. 搜索引擎索引数据库中的相关数据C. 本地计算机中的相关信息D. 百度网站服务器上的相关信息【答案】B【解析】【详解】略8.某FTP服务器的IP地址为“202.102.80.11”,用户名为lser,密码为123,如果要登录这台服务器资料,应该在IE的地址栏中输入()C. User 123.11【答案】B【解析】【详解】略9.下列()是非法文件名A. AbC.docB. A?B.docC. A(b).docD. A+B.doc【答案】B【解析】【详解】略10.把纸质刊物上的文章导入到电脑中,除了通过键盘输入,还可以通过使用()配合OCR 软件来完成。
2017——2018学年度上学期12月月考高一学年历史试题一、选择题(本大题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的)1.假设甲.乙.丙.丁四位同学穿越回到商周时期,请判断哪位同学被封为诸侯王的可能性最小()A.甲同学成为商朝末年的贵族,带兵抵抗周部落进攻,兵败后降周B.乙同学做了西周的平民,才能、颜值、人品俱佳C.丙同学带兵攻打商纣王,立下汗马功劳D.丁同学成了西周王族成员,整日无所事事,干啥啥不行,吃啥啥不剩2.《礼记·大传》:“人道亲亲也。
亲亲故尊祖,尊祖故敬宗,敬宗故收族,收族故宗庙严,宗庙严故重社稷”。
材料旨在说明()A.分封制的必要性 B.宗法制的合理性C.礼乐制的合法性 D.世袭制的重要性3.“秦朝以前,官吏和私人的印章均可称玺,至秦朝,只有天子的印才能叫玺,而且用玉制作,群臣不敢再用。
”这一现象反映的本质是( )。
A.以玉制玺,天子专有 B.天子喜好,收藏玉玺C.皇位世袭,君权神授 D.天子至尊、皇权至上4.一位历史学家评价某制度是“皇权下的某某”、“现代分权制度的雏形”。
这一制度最有可能是()A.分封制 B.中外朝制C.三省六部制 D.内阁制度5.如果你到故宫参观,你可以在“军机处”景点的文字说明上发现这样的文字“军机处一日日程……接折(阅读奏折)—见面(请皇帝旨)—述旨(拟皇帝旨意)—过朱(皇帝过目确定)—交发(下发旨意)……”。
这说明了军机处的主要职能是()A.纵论军务,谋划战事 B.辅佐皇帝,参与决策C.陪读陪写,赋诗作画 D.跪受笔录,上传下达6.如下图所示为《唐书》所载830名进士的出身分布比例,由此可见,唐代科举制()A.为选拨士族子弟而设立 B.仍然是九品中正制翻版C.缩小了人才选拨的X围 D.兼顾多个阶层但不完善7.下面是《查士丁尼法典》里的记载:如果一匹租来的马被人偷走,租马的人该负什么样的责任?答案是:他必须赔偿这匹马的价钱给马的主人,因为他应该好好照顾这匹马。
上海交通大学附属中学2017-2018学年度第一学期高一英语月考二试卷Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection A: Multiple ChoicesDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentences.21. Dawn ____ as they climbed into the boat and pushed it off from the bank.A. would just breakB. was just breakingC. has just brokenD. had just been breaking22. Large quantities of money ____ in the stock market, but it returns little.A. has been investedB. have been investedC. has investedD. have invested23. By the time you are 18, you ______ a turning point of life style in an entirely natural manner.A. had reachedB. have reachedC. will have reachedD. will reached24. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ______ there.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain25. The teachers _____ seemed _____ a meeting when I passed the meeting room.A. present; to be havingB. presenting; to be havingC. present; to haveD. presented; to have had26. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when he talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted27. ____ due to the bankruptcy of the factory, many workers turned to training centers, ______ tolearn something with which they could go back to the labour market.A. Leaving unemployed; hopedB. Left unemployed; hopingC. Leaving to be employed; hopingD. Left to employ; hoped28. I have no objection ______ the weekend with my children, but don’t lose your temper becausethey are sometimes very naughty.A. to spendB. to spendingC. for you to spendD. spending29. _______ being on the point of conducting an experiment, I stopped ______ to them and keptquiet.A. Their; talkingB. Them; to talkC. I ; to talkD. They; talking30. _____, but he still couldn’t understand the logical connection of the two subjects.A. Having told many timesB. Having been told many timesC. He was told many timesD. Many times as he was told31. Y ue Yao, 17, a student of High School Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, JiadingCampus, ______ the Intel ISEF Best of Category Awards, used three-color combinations of lights _______ through fiber-optic cables as the basic for new computing techniques.A. that won; transmittingB. won; transmittedC. who won; having been transmittedD. winning; transmitted32. And there, almost ______ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told tokeep quiet.A. having lostB. losingC. to be lostD. lost33. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _____.A. blamedB. blamingC. to blameD. to be blamed34. After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A. being interviewedB. interviewedC. interviewingD. having interviewed35. Mckeil Patterson, who suffered from cerebral palsy(脑瘫), is given the chance by her coach tobe a cheerleader, which made her feel proud and she ______ very much.A. approved ofB. appreciatedC. interpretedD. enlightened36. The American newspaper group didn’t ____ reflect American Government opinions as heknew well.A. by no meansB. by any meansC. by some meansD. by means of37. His modest business eventually ____ into a supermarket empire.A. extendedB. exploitedC. explodedD. expanded38. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good _____of the city.A. sightB. perspectiveC. viewD. scenery39. I am exhausted for having been working for six hours. Could Jennifer _____ me at thefollowing meeting?A. substituteB. exchangeC. replaceD. approachSection B: Blank filling(Grammar)Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper form of the verbs.(A)The International Monetary Fund(IMF,国际货币基金组织)welcomed China’s yuan into its elite reserve currency basket on November 30, 2015 and the yuan joined the U.S. dollar, the euro, the Japanese yen and the British pound in the basket of currencies that make up the Special Drawing Right(SDR,特别提款权), ___40___(recognize)the international status of China’s currency.For the Chinese, the yuan’s higher status is part of a larger strategy ___41___(boost)the country’s economic influence. The government has increased lending to foreign governments, greatly expanded trade ___42___(settle)in yuan and created emergency credit facilities for other government.Over the past year, Beijing ___43___(roll)out a series of policies at home—including freer interest rates, easier foreign investor access, and more transparent statistical standard—to meet the IMF’s criteria for yuan inclusion in its SDR basket.(B)People going shopping in America can expect ___44___(treat)with respect from the verybeginning. When customers get to the store they are viewed as honored guests. Customers don’t usually find store clerks ___45___(sit)around watching TV or playing cards. Instead, the clerks greet them warmly and offer to help them find what they want. Customers usually don’t have to ask how much items cost since prices ___46___(mark)clearly.For many American customers, service is everything. If a person receives poor service from a store, he probably will avoid ___47___(shop)there in the future. On the other hand, customers often remain loyal to a business that has excellent services even if their prices are high.Section C: Blank filling(Vocabulary)Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper form of the given words.48. Disney __________(amuse)parks used to let disabled visitors cut to the front of the line forrides and attractions, which could save them an hour or more of waiting.49. Hillary was in favour of the invasion of Iraq, against gay marriage and __________(sympathy)to the Palestinian cause, until she changed her mind on those and a succession of other issues. 50. Boren said the university is looking into a range of __________(punish)for the studentscheating in the examinations, including expulsion(开除).51. Teacher guided the students to read for 30 mins, and the __________(remain)class time wasused for independent reading.52. For _________(illustration)purposes, only a simple example is given here.53. Exposure to alcohol and cigarette represents a serious __________(depart)from hiscommitment to his wife.54. It is very disgraceful to make fun of others’ ___________.(Fortune)55. Looking and feeling different is a cultural venture that is encouraged in Western societies.Tattoos __________(symbol)this personal quest for individuality are a normative way of personalizing and customizing the self.Section DDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beThe rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake place, has led to Facebook and Google’s ___56___ to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if it’s ___57___ enough times.In the months running up to the US election there was a surge(大浪)in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation ___58___ the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him.“My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time (i)follo wers don’t fact-check anything –they’ll post everything, believe anything,”he told the Washington Post.Silverman previously ___59___ rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares andsocial interactions around fake news articles dwarfed(使…相形见绌)those of the articles that exposed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people’s hopes and fears, and aren’t ___60___ by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.You might think you’re immune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that“the more a rumour is told, the more ___61___ it sounds.”They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.This false impression of truth was ___62___ practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later data was enough to increase the ___63___ of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.“Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people’s ___64___. Even if people are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,”Fazio says.Reassuringly, the team found that a person’s knowledge has a large influence over their beliefs, but it’s still a worrying ___65___ given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do people go to university? There is a popular notion that a college education is something to be endured in order to become ___66___ to obtain certain kinds of jobs or to go to graduate school. This is not what we are trying to do at Harvard, nor would we wish to have many students here who took such a(n) __67__ view of a college career.There are several goals we aim to reach in our undergraduate program.The most obvious one is to give knowledge—fairly __68__ knowledge in one field and a more general knowledge of a variety of other subject areas which you may choose according to your interest. But if acquiring knowledge is a self-evident part of a college education, it is __69__ the most important. Remarkably few of the facts you learn here will remain in your __70__ for many years, and some of those that do will even be proved __71__ by new knowledge.__72__, we can instill(灌输) certain attitudes of mind—a willingness to accept uncertainty, and the lack of definite truths; independence of mind, and a respect for facts and for the uncomfortable conclusions which facts sometimes lead to.In addition to these __73__ qualities, a college education should try to lay a foundation for the creative use of __74__ time. Some of this capacity can be stimulated in the classroom—in courses in the humanities and the arts. Yet, at least as much __75__ will occur outside the lecture hall—on athletic fields, in music rooms, student theaters, concert halls, and so forth.These are some of the __76__ of a liberal college education as I see them. I cannot resist concluding with a few private thoughts about our new careers at Harvard.To begin with, I hope that we will think __77__ about what we want to accomplish here. It would be __78__ for you to set your sights on some limited goal, such as getting good grades or merely getting into one or another graduate school.Second, I hope that you will give some thought to what you can do for others during your stay here. There are many problems waiting for your help, and many people who could __79__ your efforts.My final bit of advice. whatever else we do, let us remember not to take ourselves too seriously. However great our problems may seem, however urgent our complaints, they are overshadowed(黯然失色)by the __80__ of countless other people on our planet.66. A. fascinated B. qualified C. determined D. required67. A. optimistic B. strong C. narrow D. sensitive68. A. concentrated B. expanded C. informed D. illustrated69. A. by far B. far from C. free from D. without doubt70. A. memory B. position C. evaluation D. foundation71. A. useful B. essential C. false D. common72. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Somehow73. A. physical B. inborn C. emotional D. intellectual74. A. business B. study C. experiment D. leisure75. A. appreciation B. stimulation C. participation D. exposure76. A. benefits B. aims C. problems D. achievements77. A. broadly B. honestly C. freely D. continually78. A. fantastic B. magic C. tragic D. basic79. A. suffer from B. profit from C. reflect on D. complain about80. A. inspiration B. difference C. ambitions D. difficultiesSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Waitangi Day is celebrated on the 6th of February every year. It is a public holiday for the entire nation. It is celebrated as a commemoration of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. The Treaty of Waitangi was a document signed between the English settlers and indigenous(本土的)Maori people. When the treaty was signed, it made New Zealand an English Empire and the Maori people had rights to their land. It made the Maori and English settlers one people, with the same rights and ruled by the same people.Waitangi Day is celebrated in many different ways. A formal service of remembrance(纪念)is held at Waitangi, which is in Northland(at the top of the North Island). It is attended by the Prime Minister, the Governor General(the Queen’s representative), the Maori Prince and Maori Chiefs and their Whanau(family).Traditional people would have attended church in the morning and spent time with family and friends, reflecting on the true meaning of the treaty. Now we go to public concerts and festivalswhere you may be able to watch traditional Maori dancing and speeches made by leaders and important people from the community or country. There are also concerts that modern day singers and artist perform at. But many families and friends will simply spend the day at the beach soaking up the sun as it is the hottest time of the year.Waitangi Day is special as it is our national day. It marks the day we become one nation not two separate races living on common land. There was a move to call it New Zealand Day but the majority of people chose to still call it Waitangi Day and so the name remains reminding us of our indigenous people.81. What made the Maori people have the same rights with English settlers to their land?A. The invasion of English settlers.B. The Treaty of Waitangi.C. The Prime Minister.D. The Governor General.82. Which of the following is NOT the way for Maori people to celebrate Waitangi Day?A. A formal service of remembrance.B. Attending concerts.C. Watching modern Maori dancing and speeches.D. A day spent at the beach.83. Why is Waitangi Day so special in New Zealand?A. Because it reminds Maori of their indigenous people there.B. Because it is a public holiday.C. Because the local people can enjoy themselves in many ways on that day.D. Because it makes two separate races share the common land.(B)84. What does the word“irritate”in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. annoyB. remindC. amuseD. impress85. Which two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in?A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit Airport.B. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosse.C. Marriott Detroit Airport. and Hyatt Regency Minneapolis.D. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse.86. Which hotel will send you a receipt by email?A. Yotel New YorkB. Marriott Detroit AirportC. Radisson LaCrosseD. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis87. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. At Yotel New York, a robot will help you with all the check-in process.B. With its check-in app, you may enter your room in Marriott without a key.C. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis is close to an airport terminal.D. The barcode you receive from Radisson contributes to the fast check-in.(C)During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists(女权主义者)showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, andlocal women's organizations assembled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence(通信), newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United States; one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the "great women" theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on "great men." To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies. or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.88. What is the passage mainly about?A. The role of literature in early American histories.B. The place of American women in written histories.C. The keen sense of history shown by American women.D. The“great women”approach to history used by American historians.89. In the 1st paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that ______.A. a woman’s status was changed by marriageB. even the contributions of outstanding women were ignoredC. only three women were able to get their writing publishedD. poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women90. In the 2nd paragraph, what weakness in 19th-century histories does the author point out?A. They put too much emphasis on daily activities.B. They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.C. They were printed on poor-quality paper.D. The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.91. What use was made of the 19th-century women’s history materials in the Schlesinger Libraryand the Sophia Smith Collection?A. They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia.B. They formed the basic of college courses in the nineteenth century.C. They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.D. They were shared among women’s colleges throughout the United States.(D)Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shocking differences in perception (感知)between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they perceive a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a leading science journal.In Western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly independent entities(实体). When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence. When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on the surroundings as well as the object.Using an experiment involving two tasks, Dr. Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that is played to American strengths. In another, they estimated the line’s le ngth relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asian.The level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brain were different. For the Americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult --- estimating the line’s size relative to the square. For the Asians, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task also –estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square. The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into east-west differences.In one study, for instance researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red and one green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen while Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.Culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize(使内化)it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills.92. According to the passage, Chinese people are most likely to _____.A. more emphasize independent thinkingB. always focus more on their surroundingsC. focus more on the context as well as the objectD. think of Westerners as highly independent entities93. We know from the passage that people’s brains will be more active when _____.A. the task is much easierB. the blood flow is trackedC. people begin to choose colorsD. the task is more difficult94. What do the findings of the experiments mentioned in the passage indicate?A. They indicate that culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave.B. They show that Easterners and Westerners have great differences in perceiving the world.C. They suggest that people’s habits of perception can be changed in different cultures.D. They make it clear that Easterners and Westerners lay emphasis on different things.95. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Easterners prefer collectivism to individualismB. East Asian cultures lay more emphasis on independenceC. It took over ten years to find out how to improve our brainpowerD. Americans will change their habits of perception when they’re in BritainⅣ. TranslationSection A1. 不同情被绳之以法的坏蛋2. 高度评价这场数字革命3. 用动画表达某人的情感4. 忍不住饶恕这个调皮的孩子5. 文字以外的交流方式6. 翻开新的一页7. 以鲜明的对比来呈现孩子们的心情8. 不遗余力地搜寻学习外语的新方法Section B Sentences1. 这家店出售手绘连环画,范围从童话到侦探故事不等。
大石桥市二高中2017-2018学年度上学期12月月考试题高一语文时间:150分钟分数:150分命题人:。
一、论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字,完成小题。
阙就是宫殿外门两旁高出的建筑物。
《周礼》中的“象魏”,《春秋》中的“两观”,《左传》中的“观台”,都是阙。
古代王宫有五门,最外面为皋门,雉门为第二道门,阙在雉门之外。
郑玄注《周礼》说:“大宰以正月朔日,布王治之事于天下,至正岁,又书而县于象魏,振木铎以徇之,使万民观焉。
”汉代北阙的政治意义,应溯源于此。
汉刚建立时,各地割据势力还没有剪除,萧何负责营建未央宫时,依据厌胜这种避邪祈吉的方术压制凶顽,只建立了东阙和北阕。
西汉时北阙的政治意义越来越被看重,在这里发生了一些重要的政治事件。
如汉昭帝时这里曾发生过冒充卫太子的事件,曾引起很大轰动;汉哀帝死后,董贤曾在此免冠徒跣诣阙谢罪,太后诏书也在阕下宣读给董贤等。
萧何这样建阙,还和政治史观有关。
《史记》记载,秦的上帝祠中独缺黑帝,而传说中有五帝。
刘邦认为自己就是黑帝,建立了黑帝祠,并沿用了秦的水德之制。
水德之制,是战国时的邹衍创立的“五德终始说”的重要内容。
“五德终始说”被历代新王朝建立者信奉,来阐释其政权的合法性。
秦始皇统一六国后,曾据此进行了一系列改革。
刘邦则沿用秦的水德之制,水在五行中代表北方,东方为木,水生木。
而南方是火,西方为金,火和金与水和木是相克的关系,这也是萧何只建北阙和东阕的原因所在。
汉武帝在太初改制时,改汉水德尚黑为土德尚黄。
到了西汉中后期,士人利用汉高祖为赤帝子,当为火德之说,极力鼓吹五行相生说。
东汉时以洛阳为都城,营建宫阙时,除继承西汉初期的建筑理念,建立了北阙和东阙外,也在南宫修建了南阙,这和其政治史观密切相关。
或许受此影响,南阙在政治活动中越来越重要。
西汉时管理北阙的公车司马令,到东汉时成为专门管理南阙的官员,公车司马令的职责在西汉时都是北阏的政治功能。
在政治地位上,东汉时南阙渐渐超过了北阙。
2017-2018学年高一12月月考试题一、单项选择题(本题共45题,每小题1分,共45分)1.下列与细胞相关的叙述,正确的是A.核糖体、溶酶体都是具有膜结构的细胞器B.酵母菌的细胞核内含有DNA和RNA两类核酸C.蓝藻细胞的能量来源于其线粒体有氧呼吸过程D.在叶绿体中可进行CO2的固定但不能合成ATP2.下列有关分泌蛋白的叙述,错误的是A.分泌蛋白在细胞内的合成需要核糖体的参与B.线粒体能为分泌蛋白的合成和运输提供能量C.分泌蛋白先经过高尔基体再经过内质网分泌到细胞外D.分泌蛋白从细胞内排出时,囊泡的膜可与细胞膜融合3.下列有关细胞膜的叙述,正确的是A.细胞膜两侧的离子浓度差是通过自由扩散实现的B.细胞膜与线粒体膜、核膜中所含蛋白质的功能相同C.分泌蛋白分泌到细胞外的过程存在膜脂的流动现象D.膜中的磷脂分子是由胆固醇、脂肪酸和磷酸组成的4.下列有关细胞共性的叙述,正确的是A.都具有细胞膜但不一定具有磷脂双分子层B.都具有细胞核但遗传物质不一定是DNAC.都能进行细胞呼吸但不一定发生在线粒体中D.都能合成蛋白质但合成场所不一定是核糖体5.下列关于生物膜透性的叙述,正确的是A.核糖体合成的分泌蛋白能够自由透过高尔基体膜B.细胞质中合成的光合作用相关蛋白须通过内质网输入叶绿体C.子叶细胞中包被脂肪颗粒的膜对葡萄糖具有选择透性D.细胞外高浓度的超氧化物歧化酶可以自由扩散进入细胞6.叶肉细胞内的下列生理过程,一定在生物膜上进行的是A.O2的产生B.H2O的生成C.H的消耗D.A TP的合成7.将紫色洋葱鳞叶外表皮细胞置于30%蔗糖溶液数分钟后,结果如图所示,紫色分部的区域和影响色素分布的结构分别是A.①和细胞膜B.①和细胞膜、液泡膜C.②和细胞膜、液泡膜D.②和细胞膜、液泡膜、细胞壁8.在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的失水和吸水实验中,显微镜下可依次观察到甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。
下列叙述正确的是A.由观察甲到观察乙须将5倍目镜更换为10倍目镜B.甲、乙、丙可在同一个细胞内依次发生C.与甲相比,乙所示细胞的细胞液浓度较低D.由乙转变为丙的过程中,没有水分子从胞内扩散到胞外9.下列关于膜蛋白和物质跨膜运输的叙述,错误的是A.膜蛋白在细胞膜上的分布是不对称的B.膜蛋白不参与物质跨膜运输的被动运输过程C.主动运输可以使被运输离子在细胞内外浓度不同D.物质通过脂质双分子层的扩散速率与脂溶性有关10.下列属于主动运输的是A.动物肺泡细胞释放CO2B.蔗糖通过植物细胞的细胞壁C.苯分子进入人的皮肤细胞D.丽藻细胞吸收SO42-的过程11.离子泵是一种具有A TP水解酶活性的载体蛋白,能利用水解A TP释放的能量跨膜运输离子。
下列叙述正确的是A.离子通过离子泵的跨膜运输属于协助扩散B.离子通过离子泵的跨膜运输是顺着浓度梯度进行的C.动物一氧化碳中毒会降低离子泵跨膜运输离子的速率D.加入蛋白质变性剂会提高离子泵跨膜运输离子的速率12.如图为一种溶质分子跨膜运输的示意图。
下列相关叙述错误的是A.载体①逆浓度运输溶质分子B.载体②具有ATP酶活性C.载体①和②转运方式不同D.载体②转运溶质分子的速率比自由扩散快13.当人体血糖浓度偏高时,质膜中的某种葡萄糖载体可将葡萄糖转运至肝细胞内,血糖浓度偏低时则转运方向相反。
下列叙述正确的是A.该载体在血糖浓度偏低时的转运需要消耗ATPB.转运速率随血糖浓度升高不断增大C.转运方向不是由该载体决定的D.胰岛素促进葡萄糖运出肝细胞14.下列化学反应属于水解反应的是①核酸→核苷酸②葡萄糖→丙酮酸③ATP→ADPA.①②B.①③C.②③D.①②③15.下列有关生物膜上蛋白质或酶的叙述,错误的是A.植物根细胞膜上存在运输离子的蛋白质B.光合作用中,催化A TP合成的酶分布在类囊体膜上C.植物叶肉细胞中液泡膜与类囊体膜上的蛋白质不同D.呼吸作用中,催化A TP合成的酶分布在线粒体外膜上16.下列有关植物细胞能量代谢的叙述,正确的是A.含有两个高能磷酸键的ATP是DNA人基本组成单位之一B.加入呼吸抑制剂可使细胞中ADP生成减少,ATP生成增加C.无氧条件下,丙酮酸转变为酒精的过程中伴随有ATP的合成D.光下叶肉细胞的细胞质基质、线粒体和叶绿体中都有ATP合成17.过氧化物酶能分解H2O2,氧化焦性没食子酸呈橙红色。
为探究白菜梗中是否存在过氧化物酶,设计实验如下表。
下列相关叙述正确的是A.1号管为对照组,其余不都是实验组B.2号管为对照组,其余都为实验组C.若3号管显橙红色,无需对照就能证明白菜梗中存在过氧化物酶D.若4号管不显橙红色,可证明白菜梗中无过氧化物酶18.若除酶外所有试剂已预保温,则在测定酶活力的实验中,下列操作顺序合理的是A.加入酶→加入底物→加入缓冲液→保温并计时→一段时间后检测产物的量B.加入底物→加入酶→计时→加入缓冲液→保温→一段时间后检测产物的量C.加入缓冲液→加入底物→加入酶→保温并计时→一段时间后检测产物的量D.加入底物→计时→加入酶→加入缓冲液→保温→一段时间后检测产物的量19.葡萄酒酿制期间,酵母细胞内由ADP转化为A TP的过程A.在无氧条件下不能进行B.只能在线粒体中进行C.不需要能量的输入D.需要酶的催化20.人骨骼肌内的白肌细胞含少量线粒体,适合无氧呼吸、进行剧烈运动。
白肌细胞内葡萄糖氧化分解的产物有①酒精②乳酸③CO2 ④H2O ⑤ATPA.①③⑤B.②④⑤C.①③④⑤D.②③④⑤21.关于高等植物叶绿体中色素的叙述,错误的是A.叶绿体中的色素能够溶解在有机溶剂乙醇中B.构成叶绿素的镁可以由植物的根从土壤中吸收C.通常,红外光和紫外光可被叶绿体中的色素吸收用于光合作用D.黑暗中生长的植物幼苗叶片呈黄色是由叶绿素合成受阻引起的22.下列用鲜菠菜进行色素提取、分离实验的叙述,正确的是A.应该在研磨叶片后立即加入CaCO3,防止酸破坏叶绿素B.即使菜叶剪碎不够充分,也可以提取出4种光合作用色素C.为获得10 mL提取液,研磨时一次性加入100 mL乙醇研磨效果最好D.层析完毕后应迅速记录结果,否则叶绿素条带会很快随溶剂挥发消失23.从种植于室内普通光照和室外强光光照下的同种植物分别提取叶片的叶绿体色素,用纸层析法分离,结果如图.下列判断正确的是A.室内植物叶片偏黄B.室外植物叶片偏绿C.室外植物叶片胡萝卜素含量>叶黄素含量D.室内植物叶片叶绿素a含量>叶绿素b含量24.下列叙述错误的是A.温度和光照会影响CO2的同化速率B.光合作用中O2的产生发生在光反应阶段C.光反应产生的A TP和NADPH不参与暗反应D.土壤中的硝化细菌可利用CO2和H2O合成糖25.在适宜反应条件下,用白光照射离体的新鲜叶绿体一段时间后,突然改用光照强度与白光相同的红光或绿光照射。
下列是光源与瞬间发生变化的物质,组合正确的是A.红光,ATP下降B.红光,未被还原的C3上升C.绿光,H下降D.绿光,C5上升26.为研究植物细胞质壁分离现象,某同学将某植物的叶表皮放入一定浓度的甲物质溶液中,一段时间后观察到叶表皮细胞发生了质壁分离现象。
下列说法错误的是A.该植物的叶表皮细胞是具有液泡的活细胞B.细胞内甲物质的浓度高于细胞外甲物质的浓度C.细胞液中的H2O可以经扩散进入甲物质溶液中D.甲物质和H2O能自由通过该叶表皮细胞的细胞壁27.将生长状态一致的某种植物幼苗分成甲、乙两组,分别移入适宜的营养液中在光下培养,并给甲组的营养液适时通入空气,乙组不进行通气处理。
一定时间后测得甲组的根对a离子的吸收速率远大于乙组的。
关于这一实验现象,下列说法错误的是A.给营养液通入空气有利于该植物的生长B.根细胞对a离子的吸收过程属于自由扩散C.根细胞对a离子的吸收过程有能量的消耗D.根细胞的有氧呼吸有利于根对a离子的吸收28.将某种植物的成熟细胞放入一定浓度的物质A溶液中,发现其原生质体(即植物细胞中细胞壁以内的部分)的体积变化趋势如图所示。
下列叙述正确的是A.0~4 h内物质A没有通过细胞膜进入细胞内B.0~1 h内细胞体积与原生质体体积的变化量相等C.2~3 h内物质A溶液的渗透压小于细胞液的渗透压D.0~1 h内液泡中液体的渗透压大于细胞质基质的渗透压29.无氧呼吸与有氧呼吸的根本区别是A.丙酮酸继续发生的化学反应的途径不同B.丙酮酸继续发生的化学反应的酶不同C.释放的能量及生成的ATP数量不同D.全过程都没有分子氧参与30.在细胞呼吸过程中,若有CO2的放出,则该过程一定不是A.有氧呼吸B.无氧呼吸C.酒精发酵D.乳酸发酵31.下列情况中,使用普通光学显微镜不能观察到的是A.人红细胞在蒸馏水中体积增大、破裂的现象B.洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞膜的暗--亮--暗三层结构C.分布在水绵受极细光束照射部位的好氧细菌D.洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体的形态和分布32.下列关于叶绿体和线粒体的叙述,正确的是A.线粒体和叶绿体均含有少量的DNAB.叶绿体在光下和黑暗中均能合成ATPC.细胞生命活动所需的ATP均来自线粒体D.线粒体基质和叶绿体基质所含酶的种类相同33.有关生物膜结构与功能的叙述,正确的是A.膜载体蛋白的合成不需要A TPB.葡萄糖跨膜运输不需要载体蛋白C.线粒体外膜与内膜的主要功能不同D.变形虫和草履虫的细胞膜基本组成成分不同34.下列有关碗豆的叙述,正确为是A.萌发初期,种子的有机物总重量增加B.及时排涝,能防止根细胞受酒精毒害C.进人夜间,叶肉细胞内ATP合成停止D.叶片黄化,叶绿体对红光的吸收增多35.下列实验中,加入试剂后不能产生特定颜色的是A.取成熟香蕉匀浆,用斐林试剂检测还原糖B. 花生子叶经苏丹Ⅲ染色后,在显微镜下观察脂肪颗粒C.黑暗中生长24h的天竺葵叶片,用碘液检测淀粉D.玉米根尖经甲基绿染色后,在显微镜下观察细胞核36.现有一瓶混有酵母菌和葡萄糖的培养液,通入不同浓度的氧气时,其产生的酒精和CO2的相对量如图所示。
问:在氧浓度为a时A.酵母菌只进行无氧呼吸B.被分解的葡萄糖中约67%用于无氧呼吸C.被分解的葡萄糖中约33%用于无氧呼吸D.酵母菌停止无氧呼吸37.关于细胞中细胞器的叙述,错误的是A.大肠杆菌无线粒体,有核糖体B.水稻叶肉细胞有叶绿体,也有液泡C.酵母菌有线粒体,也有叶绿体D.小鼠肝细胞有线粒体,也有内质网38.将人的红细胞放入4℃蒸馏水中,一段时间后红细胞破裂,主要原因是A.红细胞膜具有水溶性B.红细胞的液泡体积增大C.蒸馏水大量进入红细胞D.低温时红细胞膜流动性增大39.以测定的CO2吸收量与释放量为指标,研究温度对某绿色植物光合作用与呼吸作用的影响,结果如图所示。
下列分析正确的是A.光照相同时间,35℃时光合作用制造的有机物的量与30℃相等B.光照相同时间,在20℃条件下植物积累的有机物的量最多C.温度高于25℃时,光合作用制造的有机物的量开始减少D.两曲线的交点表示光合作用制造的与呼吸作用消耗的有机物的量相等40.将紫色洋葱鳞片叶表皮浸润在0.3g/ml的蔗糖溶液中,1分钟后进行显微观察,结果见右图。