专题讲座-压裂液滤失

C W / 初始滤失的室内实验 依赖压力的常数 “C” “基质”压裂液滤失 天然裂缝滤失 非线性流滤失
Lab Tests for C W/Spurt (Long Cores Needed !)
C W/初始滤失 初始滤失的室内实验 滤失的室内实验 (需要长岩心！ 需要长岩心！)
12 10
Volume Lost
净压超出临界压力（压裂时超脱 水会引起裂缝堵塞）
处理习性 --------------天然裂缝压裂液滤失量
Pnet Exceeds Critical
(High Near Well Loss Causes "Instant" Screenout)
净压超出临界（高近井滤失会引起“立即”脱砂）
Potential Catastrophic Effects Natural Fracture Fluid Loss
∆P 依赖基质失量 – Q-滤失与 ∆P e相关 − ∆P的可变部分通常较小 天然裂缝滤失 – 可能是主要的或关键的 – Q-滤失与 “临界净压”相关
Matrix Fluid Loss ∆P
基质压裂液滤失 基质压裂液滤失 △P
Approximate Actual
Pressure
Cw ∝ ∆P1/6
Fracture Recession
G
Pressure Dependent Natural Fracture Fluid Loss
天然裂缝压裂液滤失相关的压力
Related to (P Net - P Net-Critical)3 Can cause DRASTIC changes in treatment behavior
基质失量的相关压力分析
p
s
Net Pressure
Strong Pressure Dependence
"Ideal"
G
Pressure Dependent Matrix Loss Analysis
基质失量的相关压力分析
p
s
Net Pressure
净 压 力
Strong Pressure Dependence
Normal Fluid Loss
(Pnet below critical pressure)
Pnet Exceeds Critical Level
(Extra Dehydration Causes A Blockage In Fracture)
Treatment Behavior --------------Natural Fracture Fluid Loss
Special Topics
专题讲座 Fluid Loss Behavior
理想压裂液滤失特性
Volume Lost
"C" = slope
2 C dA(τ ) qL ∝ t −τ
Linear (1-D) Flow
Spurt Loss
Constant “C”
Spurt Time
正常压裂 (m) Horizontal Fracture
P = 4800 psi Overburden = 4600 psi
Secondary Fractures
Pnet = 1500 psi Pnet = (SHmax - SHmin)/(1-2 ) 1300 psi Nolte-Smith
正常压裂液滤失（净压低于临界压力）
注水期间的压裂液滤失高于压降期间实测的压裂 液滤失， 液滤失，C eff 极端情况下不同形式的滤失 对于压裂端部脱砂可能特别重要
Pressure Dependent Matrix Loss Effect on Treatment Behavior
基质失量相关的压力影响处理习性 基质失量相关的压力影响处理习性
5
10
15
20
25
Elapsed Time (min)
延迟时间
Rate (bpm)/PPG On Perfs
Thin Wafer Test
8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4
Long Core Test
√TIME (min)
Pressure Dependent Loss
压力相关的滤失
∆P Dependent Matrix Loss – Q-Loss related to ∆P e – Variable Part of ∆P Usually Small Natural Fracture Loss – Can Be Significant or Critical – Q-Loss related to “Critical Net Pressure”
DEPTH (ft)
1290 1320
MWX-2 END OF TREATMENT
多井试验-3 MWX-3
MONITOR WELL
多井试验-2 监测井
50 100 150
1350 -70 0 70
-150 -100
-50
0
NORMAL TO FRAC (m)
WEST - EAST (ft) 西 – 东 (ft)
100 150
MONITOR WELL 0 50
0 -150
WEST - EAST (ft) 西 – 东 (ft)
SECONDARY AND T FRACTURES
次生的 和 T 压裂
北 （ft）
NORTH (ft)
200 150 100 50 0
INJECTION 6C 注入 6C AFTER 15 MIN 15分钟后 深 (ft) 处理结束
与 (P Net - P Net-Critical)3 相关 能够引起处理习性的急剧变化
Pressure Dependent Natural Fracture Fluid Loss
天然裂缝压裂液滤失相关的压力
σ h-min
∆σ h
σ h-max
Critical Net Pressure
临界净压
σ h-max
潜在的灾难性后果影响天然裂缝压裂液滤失
10,000
Bottomhole Pressure
Pressure (psi)
9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 -5 0 5
20 15 10
压 力 psi
Surface Treating Pressure
Pressure
P res
Time
Pressure Dependent Matrix Loss Effect on TSO Treatment Behavior
基质失量相关的压力影响端部脱砂处理习性
0.05
Loss Velocity (ft/min)
0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01
Pressure Dependent pDL 0.4 0.8
5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
t-τ (min)
Non- Linear-Flow Fluid Loss
非线性流压裂液滤失
Propagation > Diffusion
Diffusion > Propagation
Pressure Dependent Matrix Loss Analysis
基本上不依赖交角 !
北 (ft) NORTH (ft)
200
MICROSEISMIC MAPPING COMPLEXITY CAN BE DETECTED
可以监测到微震映射的复杂性
MONITOR WELL
150
监测井
100
50
15分钟后
AFTER 15 MIN -100 -50
FRAC WELL
压裂井 监测井
Pcl
∆ pL
CI ∝ ∆P1/2
P res
CII ∝ ∆P
Time
Pressure Dependent Matrix Loss Effect on Treatment Behavior
基质失量相关的压力影响处理习性 基质失量相关的压力影响处理习性
Fluid loss during injection higher than measured during decline, C eff Different”Style” of Loss for EXTREME Cases Possibly particularly important for Tip Screenout treatments
√ Time
线性流动 (1D) 常量 “C”
Complications
复杂点
Lab Tests For C W and/or Spurt Pressure Dependent “C” “Matrix” Fluid Loss Natural Fracture Loss Non- Linear-Flow Loss
C eff = γ C R
γ = 1 + β P pDL
g' ( a , b ) g0
Pressure Dependent Matrix Loss Effect on TSO Treatment Behavior
基质失量相关的压力影响端部脱砂处理习性
Approximate Actual
Pcl
∆ pL
σ h-max + ∆ σh
Critical Net Pressure Natural Fracture Fluid Loss
临界净压 天然裂缝压裂液滤失
pNet −Critical = ∆σ H +
ν
1 −ν
pNET
PNet −Critical