高英unit

Unit 1 一课千金（一语抵千金）成长在二战期间战火连天的曼彻斯特意味着生活艰辛，金钱紧缺，整日焦虑不安，当铺成了大多数家庭经常去的地方，当然也包括我家。

然而，我不能对已经很有进取心和积极乐观的父母有更多的要求了。

他们艰辛地工作，用尊严和快乐来支撑着这个家庭。

我刚毅而又智慧的父亲几乎无所不能，而且从不缺木匠和手工艺活。

为了满足家庭开支，他甚至参加了非法组织的拳击比赛。

至于我的母亲，她勤劳节约，极爱干净。

即使条件艰苦，在母亲的照料下，她的五个孩子总能吃得饱饱地，穿得干干净净地去学校。

尽管我的衣服熨得很平整，鞋子擦得发亮，还是不符合学校的着装标准。

尽管妈妈勤俭持家，想办法为我们做衣服，但是我还是没有学校指定的蓝色校服和帽徽。

由于战争，政府实施定量配给制。

很多学校都放宽了对学生着装的要求，因为他们知道在那个时候弄到衣服是一件很困难的事情。

尽管如此，我所在的女子学校对着装的要求依旧很严格，每个学生必须要穿学校指定的校服。

所以，每天主持校会的副校长就把教我一个人如何着装当成了他的工作。

虽然我努力地向老师说明我不能遵守的理由，并且事实上，我也在努力地改进，但是每天老师都会把我从队伍中拉出来，然后让我站到台上，作为不穿校服到学校的学生的典型。

每天，当我独自一人尴尬地站在同学们的面前时，我都会强忍住泪水。

为了惩罚我，老师甚至不允许我参加体操队，也不允许我参加我最喜欢的每周一次的交易舞会。

我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，能有这样一位老师，他会睁开双眼，然后看看我会做什么，而不是不断地告诉我不能做什么。

然而，在我十二岁的记忆中，除了接受惩罚我别无选择。

不要让我善良的母亲知晓这种惯例的惩罚对我而言是很重要的，我不敢冒险让她来学校为我说情，因为我知道心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员会同样地使她难堪，那意味着我们俩都会不愉快、会有失颜面。

千万不要啊，如果她告诉我父亲的话，他将会立即为我大动干戈。

后来有一天，我们家赢得了一个报刊比赛，可以免费照相。

Unit 1Paraphrase1.Our house is 23 feet above sea level.2.The house was built in1915, and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it.3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4.Water got into the generator, it stopped working. As a result all lights were put out.5.Everyone go out through the back door and get into the cars!6.The electrical systems in the cars had been destroyed/ruined by water.7.As john watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the family by making the wrong decision not to flee inland.8.Oh, God, please help us to get through this dangerous situation.9.She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10.Janis didn't show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she revealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly. Practice with words and expressionsA1.main:a principal pipe, conduit, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.2.Sit out: to stay until the end3.Report:a loud, resounding noise, especially one made by an explosion4.Douse:to put out (a light,fire,generator,etc) quickly by pouring water over it5.Kill: to destroy, to end6.Litter:the young borne at one time by a dog, cat, or other animals which normally bear several young at a delivery7.Swath:a broad strip, originally the space or width covered with one cut of a scythe or other mowing device8.Bar:a measure in music; the notes between two vertical lines on a music sheet9.Lean-to:a shed or other small outbuilding with a sloping roof, the upper end of which rests against the wall of another building10.Break up:to disperse;be brought to an end11.Pitch in:to join and help with an activity12.The blues:sad and depressed feelingsB1.pummel:f. to bear or hit with repeated blows, especially with thefist2.Scud:h. to run or move swiftly3.Roar:a. a loud deep cry4.Scramble:i. to climb, crawl or clamber hurriedly5.Swipe:j. a hard, sweeping blow6.Skim:l. to throw in a gliding path7.Perish:m. to die, especially die a violent or untimely death8.Beach:k. to ground (a boat ) on the beach9.Slash:d. to cut or wound with a sweeping stroke as with a knife10.Sprawl:b. to spread the limbs in a relaxed ,awkward or unnatural position11.Vanish:g. to go or pass suddenly from sight12.Thrust:c. to push with sudden force13.Wrath:e. intense angerTranslationA.1.Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off.2.The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant's emissions polluting the air.3.Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of yuan.4.The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.5.Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish.6.To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.7. In the earthquake the main structures of most of the poor-quality houses disintegrated.8.His wonderful dream vanished into the air despite his hard efforts to achieve his goals.B.1.但是，和住在沿岸的其他成千上万的居民一样，约翰不愿舍弃家园，除非他的家人——妻子珍妮斯和他们的七个孩子，大的11岁，小的才3岁——明显处于危险之中。

1) On the way to the university yesterday morning, because the road was blocked by a traffic accident, the university president had to make a detour.2) Betty broke the school rules and regulations repeatedly so the principal finally had no alternative but to expel her.3) Since it was a nice secluded spot, the post-graduates decided to have a group discussion there.4) The speech of that promising student was very interesting and ambitious, but to our great surprise, somehow it didn't quite come off.5) Professor Johnson planned to go over my paper sentence by sentence with me in his office this morning, but he hasn’t turned up yet.6) Mr. Bright tiptoed down the stairs, trying not to disturb his roommates, but a creaking floorboard woke up his best friend, Tom.7) If Jeff perseveres with his piano playing, he could eventually reach concert standard.8) Since there is nothing we can do to change this situation of straight-A illiteracy, we'll just have to make the best of things.9) How do you interpret these sentences in the American Sociological Review I can't make any sense of them at all.10) We hear that miniskirts are coming back into fashion, but I wonder if they'll really catch on again.11) All the professors were pleased with Andrew's cultivated manners, his critical faculties and his imaginative resources.12) His plan to put an end to the gibberish in our writing is in no way impracticable.13) Mark had no interest in reading an article full of gibberish; he gave it no more than a cursory glance.-14) Mark had no interest in reading an article full of gibberish; he gave it no more than a cursory glance.-15) We are sure that we will bear out what James Degnan has been analyzing.16) A meeting of the staff is being convened to discuss my scheme to put an end to straight-A illiteracy in our university.17) Do you see eye to eye with James Degnan's point of view18) The restaurant near the lake has a very varied menu so we can have several delicious dishes to choose from every day.19) Professor Hill told me that he could not go over my paper with me today as he had got far too much other work to catch up on.。

Unit1[英译英]1．And it is an activity only of humans.译：And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings.2．Conversation is not for making a point.译：Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. In a c onversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.3. In fact , the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.译：In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4．Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other‟s lives.译：People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives.5. …it could still go ignorantly on.译：The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.6. They are cattle in the fields , but we sit down to beef.译：These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef.7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.译：The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.8. …English had come royally into its own.译：The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more.9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes.译：The phrase, the King's English, has always been used disparagingly and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.译：there still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “words will harden into things for us”.译：There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.【英译中】1.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other , they do notindulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.无论动物之间的交流方式有多么复杂，她们都称不上聊天。

Text I A HangingGlossarysodden adj. extremely wetcondemned adj. a) (of a person) who is going to be executedb) that is for sb. who is going to be executedplank n. a piece of lumber cut thicker than a boardsquat v. to sit in a crouching position with knees bent and the hams resting on or near the heels drape v. to cover, dress, or hang with or as if with cloth in loose foldspuny adj. very small and weakwisp n. a small, tiny, untidy bunch (of)warder n. (Chiefly British) a prison guardgallows n. (pl) a device usu. consisting of two upright posts supporting a crossbeam from which a noose is suspended and used for execution by hanging 绞架stand by to be ready and wait to provide help or take actionbayonet n. a long, sharp blade that can be fixed to the end of a rifle and used as a weapon handcuff v. to put handcuffs onn. (pl.) two metal rings which are joined together and can be locked round sb.'s wrists, usually by the police during an arrestchain n. metal rings connected together in a linecaress v. to treat fondly, kindly, or favorablygrip n. a) a tight hold; a firm graspv. b) to secure and maintain a tight hold on; seize firmlyunresisting adj. not resistingyield v. to give up (to sb. or sth. else)limply adv. (of limbs) in a soft, weak mannerbugle n. a simple brass musical instrument that looks like a small trumpet, used in the army to announce when activities such as meals are about to beginfloat v. (of a sound, smell, etc.) to be heard or smelled at a place far awaybarracks n.(pl) a group of buildings in which soldiers livesuperintendent n. a person who has the authority to supervise or direct.jail n. a place for the confinement of persons in lawful detention; a prisonprod v. to jab or poke, as with a pointed objectgravel n. an unconsolidated mixture of rock fragments or pebblesirritably adv. in an easily annoyed mannerset out to start the journey (to)magistrate n. a local member of the judiciary having limited jurisdiction, esp. in criminal casesclumsily adv. in a careless, awkward wayscalp n. the skin covering the top of the human headup and down (moving) repeatedly and quickly in one direction and then in theopposite direction, upward and downwardcut --- short to end------by shortening or reducingin full tide in the best time of lifebowels n. (pl) the part of the body below the stomach where food is made into solid waste materialtissue n. mass of cells forming the body of an animal or planttoil away to work very hard doing unpleasant and tiring taskssolemn adj. deeply earnest, serious, and soberfoolery n. foolish behavior or speechforesee v. to know sth. will happen before it happensconvict n. a person who has been proved to be guilty of a crime and sent to prisonservile adj. abjectly submissive; slavishnoose n. a loop formed in a rope by means of a slipknot so that it binds tighter as the rope is pulled (also called running noose)reiterate v. to say or do again or repeatedly for emphatic purposeson and on c ontinuing for a very long timepoke v. to push or jab at, as with a finger or a stick; prodwaver v. to move unsteadily back and forththrow up to raise forcefullyclank v. to make a sharp, hard, metallic soundvanish v. to pass out of sight, esp. quickly; disappeartwist v. to turn or wind to make a spiral shaperevolve v. to turn on an axis; rotatereach out to extend one's arm(s) towards somewhereoscillate v. to swing back and forth with a steady, uninterrupted rhythmback out to come out by moving one's steps backward along the same route as when going in ladle v. to lift out or serve with a long-handled spoonhomely adj. c haracteristic of the home or of home lifejolly adj. exhibiting or occasioning happiness or mirth; cheerfulsnigger v. to laugh quietly in a disgraceful waychatter v. to talk rapidly, incessantly, and on trivial subjectsEurasian adj. of mixed European and Asian descentclassy adj. highly stylish; elegantgarrulously adv. given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative pass off to end or finish without any troubleutmost adj. of the highest or greatest degree, amount, or intensitywriggle v. (of the body) to turn or twist with sinuous writhing motions; squirmrefractory adj. obstinately resistant to authority or controldislodge v. to remove or force out from a position or dwelling previously occupiedgrin v. to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or good humorgenially adv. in a kind and friendly manner(could) do with sth. to need or want sth.chuckle v. to laugh quietlyamicably adv. in a friendly spirit/mannerTEXT EXPLANATIONSThe text, which is a descriptive narration, relates a true story about the execution of a condemned prisoner in Burma. The whole narrative story is made up of 22 paragraphs. The first paragraph, which is the introductory part, presents the background knowledge------ the country where the story took place, the time when the story happened and the bad living conditions of the condemned men. Paragraphs 2 -14 constitute the second part or the body of the story, describing how a condemned prisoner was escorted to the gallows, how he behaved and walked. What is significant here is the comments the writer has made concerning the cold-blooded destruction of a healthy, conscious man. Paragraphs 15 -22 form the denouement of the story, where thought-provoking descriptions are provided and some tragic anecdotes inserted. The whole story is full of dynamic, gruesome, and miserable narrative descriptions that are impressive and unforgettable.Analysis Para 1Paragraph 1, the first part of the narrative story, introduces the setting and the characters of the story and briefly describes the bad living conditions of the condemned men, who lived in small cells, each of which measured about ten feet by ten and were quite bare within.The following questions may be asked:(1) Where and when did the story take place?The story took place in Burma on a sodden morning of the rains.(2) Provide a general description of the condemned cells.The condemned cells, a row of sheds fronted with double bars, were like small animal cages. Each cell was about ten feet long and ten feet wide and was quite bare within except for a plank bed and a pot for drinking water. In some of the cells brown silent men were squatting at the inner bars, with their blankets draped round them.Language work1. It was in Burma, on a sodden morning of the rains. ------ The story took place in Burma on a very wet morning during the rainy season.2. the condemned cells: the very small rooms in a prison where prisoners, who had been sentenced to death and who were due to be hanged within a week or two, were being kept3. a row of sheds fronted with double bars: a line of one-story buildings whose front was strengthened with both inner and outer bars4. Each cell measured about ten feet by ten and was quite bare within except for a plank bed anda pot for drinking water. ------- Each condemned cell was about ten feet long and ten feet wide, in each of which there was only a plank bed and a pot for drinking water.5. squat vi. sit on one's heels or on the ground with the knees drawn up under or close to the body; occupy an empty building or settle on unoccupied land, etc. without permission The old man was squatting down by the fire, smoking a tobacco pipe.Some homeless people were squatting in that deserted house.6. drape sth. round/over sth. else: hang (cloth, curtains, a cloak, etc.) loosely on sth. elseA fur coat was draped round her shoulders.Dustsheets were draped over the furniture in the house.Analysis Paras 2-7These paragraphs describe how a condemned prisoner was prepared for the gallows, how he was escorted on his way to the gallows and how he reacted, behaved, and marched. Specifically, Paragraph 2 tells us that the prisoner had been brought out of his cell and that six tall Indian warders were guarding him and getting him ready for the gallows. Paragraph 3 makes it clear why the superintendent of the jail urged the warders to hurry up. Paragraph 4 briefly describes Francis, the head jailer, and presents his response to the question uttered by the superintendent. Paragraph 5 renders it clear why the superintendent ordered the warders to march ahead quickly. Paragraph 6 describes how they set out for the gallows. Paragraph 7 describes how the condemned prisoner walked to the gallows.The following questions are to be considered and answered.(1) How many warders were guarding the convicted man and preparing him for the gallows? How were the warders guarding the man?Six tall Indian warders were guarding him and getting him ready for the gallows. Two of them stood by with rifles and fixed bayonets, while the others handcuffed him, passed a chain through his handcuffs and fixed it to their belts, and bound his arms tightly to his sides. They crowded very close about him, their hands gripping him carefully all the while, as if feeling him to make sure he was there.(2) How did the man react while the warders were getting him ready?The condemned prisoner stood without trying to put up any resistance. He quite willingly let his limp arms be tied up with the ropes, as though he paid no attention to what was happening.(3) According to the superintendent of the jail, by what time should the condemned man have been hanged to death?From Paragraph 3, we know that the condemned man ought to have been hanged to death by eight o'clock on that sodden morning.(4) How was the condemned man escorted to the gallows?Two warders marched on either side of the prisoner, with their rifles at the slope; two others marched close against him, gripping him by arm and shoulder, as though at once pushing and supporting him.(5) How did the prisoner walk?He walked clumsily with his bound arms, but quite steadily. At each step his muscles slid neatly into place, the lock of hair on his scalp moved rhythmically up and down, and his feet left footmarks on the wet gravel which formed the surface of the path. And once, in spite of the men who gripped him by each shoulder, he stepped slightly aside to avoid a puddle on the path.Language work7. warder n. a jailer, a person who works as a guard in a prisonThe POWs (prisoners of war) clubbed their warder to death and escaped from the concentration camp.8. handcuff n. a pair of lockable linked metal rings for securing a prisoner's wristsThe detective took out his handcuffs and put it on the man's wrist.vt. put handcuffs onThe policeman pounced upon the terrorist and had him handcuffed before he couldmake an attempt to resist.9. lash vt. fasten things together securely with ropes, etc.; tie sth. securely in position with ropes, etc.The slave trader lashed the slaves tightly to rings on the board.The captain lashed down the cargo on the deck.10. But he stood quite unresisting, yielding his arms limply to the ropes, as though he hardly noticed what was happening. --- But he stood, without putting up any resistance. He let the warders bind up his limp arms with the ropes, as if he were not aware of what was happening.limply adv. not stiffly or firmly; in a way which lacks strength or energyHe gestured and responded limply, for he had been much weakened physically. 11. Eight o'clock struck and a bugle call floated from the distant barracks. --- The clock struck eight o'clock and a bugle call drifted fromthe distant barracks.float vi. move in air, water or gas; drift slowly"Look! A red and yellow balloon is floating across the blue sky."The aroma of the brewed coffee floated from the kitchen.12. The superintendent of the jail, who was standing apart from the rest ofus, moodily prodding the gravel with his stick--- The head of the jail,who was standing at a distance from the rest of us, feeling so gloomy andsullen that he was poking the gravel with his stick ?prod vi. poke sth. with one's finger or sth. pointedThe boy is prodding the sandy beach with a stick, enjoying it very much.13. "Yes sir, yes sir," he bubbled. --- "Yes sir, yes sir," he uttered, as though making the sound of rising bubbles.14. gripping him by arm and shoulder: holding him firmly by arm and shoulder15. slide v. (cause to) move smoothly along an even, polished or slippery surface; (cause to) move quietly so as not to be noticedHe was sliding about helplessly on the ice.The drawers slide in and out easily.The thief slid out while nobody was looking.She slid a coin into his hand.16.---the lock of hair on his scalp danced up and down, his feet printed themselves on the wet gravel. ---the cluster of hair on top of his head moved rhythmically up and down, and his feet left prints on the wet grainy stones that formed the surface of the path.17. puddle n. a small pool of water, esp. of rain water on a path or roadAs it has been raining for days, there are many puddles on the path.Analysis Para 8This paragraph describes the writer's psychological activities or what he thought about when he saw the prisoner step aside to avoid the puddle on the path. He realized what it meant to destroy a healthy, conscious man. He saw the mystery, the unspeakable wrongness, of cutting a life short when it is in full tide.The following are three questions to be answered.(1) What is the main idea of this paragraph?This paragraph conveys the message that the writer saw the unspeakable wrongness of putting a life to an end when it is in full tide. In other words, he realized that it was terribly wrong to hang a healthy, conscious man to death.(2) What was the writer thinking about when he watched the prisoner step aside to avoid a puddle on the path?He thought of the following: This man was not dying, for he was alive just as we are alive. All the organs of his body were working ----bowels digesting food, skin renewing itself, nails growing, tissues forming --- all toiling away in solemn foolery. His nails would still be growing when he stood on the drop, when he was falling through the air with a tenth of a second to live. His eyes saw the yellow gravel and the gray walls, and his brain still remembered, foresaw, reasoned --- reasoned even about puddles. He and we were a party of men walking together, seeing, hearing, feeling, understanding the same world; but in a couple of minutes, with a sudden snap, he would be gone ----one mind less, one world less.(3) What can we infer about the author's attitude toward capital punishment?He was undoubtedly an abolitionist.Language work18. When I saw the prisoner step aside to avoid the puddle I saw the mystery, the unspeakable wrongness, of cutting a life short when it is in full tide.--- When I watched the prisoner walk aside to evade the pool of rain water on the path, I realized how awfully wrong it was to hang an active, healthy and conscious man.unspeakable a. (usu. derogatory) indescribable; that can not be expressed in wordsI was shocked by the unspeakable cruelty of the terrorists who killed so many innocent people.The writer of this narrative piece laid bare the unspeakable corruption of the government.19.All the organs of his body were working----bowels digesting food, skin renewing itself, nailsgrowing, tissues forming ----- all toiling away in solemn foolery.----- All the organs of his body were playing their normal functions ---his bowels were absorbing nutrients from food for his body, his skin was being replenished with new life and vigour, his nails were growing, and his tissues forming --- all were working very hard and solemnly, but they were doing something useless because they would be destroyed in a few minutes.tissue n. mass of cells forming the body of an animal or plantA person's muscular, nervous and connective tissues are vital to his life.The tissues have been destroyed, and a scar has been formed.20. on the drop: on the trapdoor on the gallows21. with a sudden snap: with a sudden sharp noise; with a sudden sharp crackAnalysis 1Paragraphs 9 -14 make up the climax of the narrative story ----the most shocking part of the tragic story. In this part, there is a detailed description of the terrible scene: When the hangman fixed the rope around the prisoner's neck and fastened the noose, the prisoner began crying out to his god. Itwas a steady, rhythmical cry, almost like the tolling of a bell. Minutes seemed to pass. The steady crying from the prisoner continued, "Ram! Ram! Ram!" never faltering for an instant. He kept crying steadily until he was hanged. Everyone had changed color. Also, there is a gruesome account of an inspection of the dead body, which was slowly revolving, as dead as a stone.The following questions are to be considered and answered:(1) What does Paragraph 9 tell us?This paragraph first tells us something about the hangman, then it states the fact that the prisoner was half led and half pushed to the gallows, and finally the hangman fixed the rope around the prisoner's neck.(2) What do Paragraphs 10 ?1 describe?Paragraphs 10 ?1 describe the most shocking scene: When the noose was fixed, the prisoner began crying out to his god. It was a high, reiterated cry of "Ram! Ram! Ram! Ram!" It was a steady, rhythmical cry, almost like the tolling of a bell. Minutes seemed to pass. The steady crying from the prisoner continued, "Ram! Ram! Ram!" never faltering for an instant. The superintendent perhaps was counting the cries. Everyone was feeling sad, frightened and shocked.(3) Who issued the order to hang the prisoner? And how was it given?It was the superintendent who gave the order to execute the prisoner on the gallows. He suddenly made up his mind and issued the order by shouting fiercely.(4) What does Paragraph 13 describe?This paragraph presents a description like this: A clanking noise was followed by dead silence. The prisoner had vanished instantly. An inspection was made of the dead body, which was dangling with his toes pointing straight downward.(5) How did the superintendent make sure that the prisoner was dead?The superintendent reached out with his stick and poked the bare brown body; it oscillated slightly. Thus, he made sure that the prisoner was absolutely dead.(6) What can be inferred from "Eight minutes past eight. Well, that's all for this morning, thank God." uttered by the superintendent?These two sentences uttered by the superintendent imply that the hanging of the condemned man was about eight minutes late, that the prisoner was the only one who was intended to be hanged that morning, that it was a difficult task to have the prisoner killed, and that hanging condemned prisoners was a daily routine for the superintendent, warders, magistrates, etc. Now that the job was done, the superintendent felt relieved.Language work 122. convict n. a person who has been convicted of crime and who is being punished, esp. by imprisonmentAll the convicts in the prison were due to be hanged in a couple of weeks.23. servile a. too ready to obey others; lacking independenceI strongly dislike his servile flattery and his servile manner.24. crouch vi. lower the body by bending the knees, e.g. in fear or to hideThe cat crouched, ready to leap.The little boy crouched behind the sofa.n. in a crouching positionThe children all dropped down into a crouch before the meeting began.25. noose n. a loop with a running knot, tightening as the rope is pulledWhen the noose was fixed, the prisoner was blindfolded.The convicted man is facing the hangman's noose.26. reiterate vt. say or do sth. again or repeatedlyThe professor reiterated his proposal so that everybody might consider it carefully.27. ram v. push or strike sth. with great force; crash against sth.They rammed the door to smash it down.They rammed the rope to kill the man.The car rammed against/into the lorry.28. toll vt. ring a bell with slow, regular strokes, esp. for a death or funeralThe bell is being tolled for the death of terrorism.29. never faltering for an instant: never wavering for a momentfalter vi. (of one's voice) waver; speak hesitatingly; act, move, or walk hesitatingly usu. because of fear, weakness, or indecisionHis voice faltered as he tried to speak.Jane walked boldly up to the platform without faltering.The commander faltered for some time before he declared the command.30. his head on his chest: he was lowering/hanging his head31. Everyone had changed color. --- Everyone was feeling so horrified that their faces turned paler.32. dangle v. hang or swing loosely; hold sth. so that it swings looselyI have a bunch of keys dangling at the end of a chain.He dangled his watch in front of the baby.33.Very slowly revolving, as dead as a stone.--- His dead body was turning in a circle slowly.revolve v. (of a planet, etc.) move in a circular orbit; (cause to) go round in a circle; rotate; have sb. or sth. as one's chief concern; centre on sb. or sth.The earth revolves around the sun on its axis.The mechanism that revolves the turnable is broken.The discussion revolved around the measures to be taken to ease traffic congestion.34. oscillate v. (cause to) move repeatedly and regularly from oneposition to another and back again; keep moving backwards and forwardsbetween two extremes of feeling, behavior, opinion, etc.; waverA pendulum oscillates.He oscillates between political extremes.Manic depressives oscillate between depression and elation.35. "He's all right," said the superintendent.--- "The convicted man is absolutely dead," remarked the chief warder.36. He backed out from under the gallows, and blew out a deep breath.--- The superintendent withdrew from under the gallows and sent out a deep breath from his mouth.Analysis 1Paragraphs 15-22 form the denouement or conclusion of the story, where thought-provoking descriptions are provided and some disagreeable anecdotes inserted. Paragraph 15 provides aglimpse of the hard life of the convicts and an account of how the writer, warders, magistrates, etc. were feeling after the hanging. Paragraph 16 presents an anecdote through the mouth of the Eurasian boy that the dead Hindu had pissed on the floor of his cell from fright when he heard that his appeal had been dismissed. Paragraph 18 records the head jailer's comparison of the hanging of the Hindu with some other unpleasant cases. Paragraph 20 presents another anecdote about a most refractory convict. The last two paragraphs narrate or relate how the writer, the head jailer, the other magistrates, and even the superintendent reacted or responded to the anecdotes, particularly to the "extraordinarily funny" anecdote: They found the anecdotes very funny. They were laughing loudly. They all had a drink together quite amicably, though the dead man was only a hundred yards away.The following questions may be put forward and answered.(1) Describe the scene that the convicts were receiving their breakfast.When the convicts were receiving their breakfast, they squatted in long rows, each man holding a tin pannikin, while two warders with buckets march round ladling out rice; it seemed quite a homely, jolly scene, after the hanging.(2) How did the judicial officers feel after the Hindu was hanged?The judicial officers were feeling enormously relieved now that the job was done. One felt an impulse to sing, to break into a run, to snigger. All at once everyone began chattering gaily. Anecdotes were narrated and enjoyed.(3) What anecdote did the Eurasian boy tell the writer?The boy told the writer that his friend [he meant the dead man] had urinated on the floor of his cell from fright when he heard his appeal had been dismissed.(4) What did Francis think of the hanging of the Hindu?Francis was satisfied that the Hindu had been hanged most effectively and most satisfactorily because shortly afterwards the dead convict was dangling with his toes pointing straight downwards. Francis had known most disagreeable cases where the doctor was obliged to go beneath the gallows and pull the prisoner's legs to ensure death/decease.(5) Why did Francis mention other cases?Because he wanted to make a contrast to emphasize that the hanging of the Hindu was finished most instantly and satisfactorily whereas in other difficult cases the doctor was obliged to go beneath the gallows and pull the prisoner's legs to ensure that the prisoner was dead.(6) Retell the head jailer's anecdote which seemed extraordinarily funny to the writer? Is it really funny to you?It was worse when convicts became difficult to control! One man, Francis recalled, clung to the bars in his cage when he and others went to take him out. It was scarcely believable that it took six warders to dislodge him, three pulling at each leg.I don't think it funny at all. In fact, it was most tragic. The man who was to be hanged was seized with fear. Of course, he did not want to die. That was why he clung to the bars with all his strength. Six warders dislodged him by pulling at his legs. Obviously, the man's death was a most miserable tragedy; it was absolutely not "exceptionally funny."(7) What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?We can infer that in the writer's eyes, the judicial officers, even including the writer, the head jailer, and the superintendent, were all cold-blooded, unfeeling and inhuman. The reasons were quiteclear. When the anecdotes were told, the judicial officers thought of them as extremely funny, and laughed or grinned, or chuckled loudly; they all had a drink together quite amicably, though the dead man was just a hundred yards away.(8) What is the writer's purpose of narrating this story?By reading the narrative story we can infer the writer's purpose. On the one hand, he intended to tell the readers how badly those convicts in Burma were treated and how tragically they were put to death; on the other hand, the narrator wanted to inform the public how cruel, inhuman and unsympathetic those judicial officers in Burma were becoming. More importantly, the writer purported to assert his stand as an abolitionist.Language work 137. ladle vt. serve food with a ladle or in large quantities; distribute sth. (too) lavishlyShe ladled cream over her pudding.She isn't one to ladle out praise, but when she says "Good", she means it.38. homely a. plain and simple; (of a place) making sb. feel comfortableA homely woman is one who lives a plain and simple life.It is a homely place, which makes one feel comfortable.39. jolly a. happy and cheerful; lively and pleasant; delightful or enjoyableA jolly person laughs in a jolly manner.We attended a jolly party last weekend.40. An enormous relief had come upon us now that the job was done.--- Now that the Hindu was hanged, we felt tremendously relieved.41.One felt an impulse to sing, to break into a run, to snigger.--- One felt a sudden urge to sing songs, to start running and to laugh in a half-suppressed manner.impulse n. sudden urge to act without thinking about the results; tendency to act in this way; push or thrust; stimulus; impetusHe felt an irresistible impulse to jump.I am not a man of impulse.The government has given an impulse to agricultural development.42. All at once everyone began chattering gaily.--- All of a sudden, everyone began talking quickly, and cheerfully.43. Eurasian n. & a. (a person) of mixed European and Asian parentageHe married a Eurasian, who gave birth to a pretty girl.44.---when he heard his appeal had been dismissed, he pissed on the floor of his cell.---when he heard his appeal had been rejected, the convicted man was so terribly frightened that he urinated on the floor of his cell.appeal n. act of taking a question to a higher court where it can be heard again and a new decision can be given; earnest request; attractiveness or interestEveryone has the right of appeal.The poor country made an appeal for help, especially for food.Does jazz hold any appeal for you?45. garrulously ad. talking away about unimportant thingsSome people tend to talk garrulously about trifles.46. "Well, sir, all has passed off with the utmost satisfactoriness."。

必修一Unit3 重点短语词组句子翻译一．短语词组：1.作一次自行车旅行take a bike trip2.优缺点the advantages and disadvantages3.自从…;从那以后ever since4.成长;长大grow up5.喜爱be fond of6.对…兴奋be excited about7.宁可做某事;更喜欢做某事prefer to do sth / prefer doing A todoing B8.在某人日常生活中in one’s daily life9.流经;流过flow through10.梦想或渴望做某事dream about doing sth11.说服某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth / persuade sb intodoing sth12.使某人对某事感兴趣get sb interested in sth13.大学毕业后after graduating from14.得到/有机会做某事have/ get the /a chance to do sth15.想到做某事have the idea to do sth16.关心;在乎care about17.从源头到终点from where it begins to where it ends18.做某事最好的办法the best way to doing sth.19.给某人一个坚毅的目光give sb a determined look20.改变主意change one’s mind21.在海拔…的高度at an altitude of22.下定决心;作出决定make up one’s mind23.屈服;让步give in24.穿着be dressed in25.似乎做某事seem to do sth.26.在落日下in the setting sun27.下午晚些时候in the late afternoon28.像往常一样as usual29.环顾四周look around/round30.宿营make camp31.支起帐篷put up a tent32.半夜at midnight33.陪伴for company / keep sb company34.祝你旅途好运/愉快good luck on your journey35.迫不及待要做某事can hardly wait to do sth/ can’t wait todo sth36.对…的态度attitude to二．课文重点长难句：1.She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would notchange her mind.她给了我一个坚定的眼神，是一种她绝不会改变主意的眼神。

1) I'd like to buy the radio, but I haven't got any money on me at the moment. Could you put it by for me for a day or two ?2) When I was told I had won first prize in the speech contest, I had to pinch myself to make sure I wasn't dreaming.3) Marina failed to finish her speech at the appointed time because there were so many interruptions from the members of the organization.4) My woolen sweater used to be bigger than this. It has shrunk（缩水;收缩） in the wash.5) The police suspected that the fire must have broken out after the workers had left the factory.6) It is interesting to watch swans moving through a colored kaleidoscope of quivering(轻微颤动的;抖动的) square, triangle and ellipse in sunlight.7)As the boat bound for Nanjing leaves only on alternate (间隔的) days, we had no choice but to stay in the hotel overnight.8) The unprecedentedly big floods in our village did not start to sink until four days after the torrential (猛烈的) rain had stopped.9) They crawled for the next three hours along a main road where a line of traffic was wedged(卡住的) so tightly together that it was almost stationary. 10) When the kitten purred noisily and dug its claws into her shoulder, Jacqueline's singing became a startled shriek（尖叫声;笑声）11) The bus turned and rushed along the now level (平坦的) road and then veered （突然变向;改变）.12) My grandmother's eyelids drooped (垂下)and she dozed peacefully, with the clock ticking rhythmically and the logs cracking cheerfully.13) As the final examination was drawing near, Theresa spent the rest of the day with her books, trying to catch up with some reading.14) The explorers' hopes of finding their missing colleagues are now beginning to fade.15) By two o'clock the tide which had reached anall-time high was beginning to recede (后退;降低).16) During the big fire in the school, Manfred organized the students into groups and asked each group to carry buckets of water to throw on to the flames.-17) After the eruption of the volcano there was a serious outbreak of typhoid in the area.18) In the mirror world, we feel, live creatures of a dream world, who can come into sight and get out of sight silently.19) When an American team explored a temple which stands in an accident prosperous city on the promontory of Ayia Irini, the archaeologists discovered a graceful Goddess.20) Whenever you see an old film, you can't help being struck by the appearance of the actresses---their hair styles and make-up look dated, their general appearance is in fact slightly ridiculous (可笑的;滑稽的).。

《高级英语》Advanced English第一册Unit 1The Middle Eastern BazaarTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 教学目的及重点难点Aims of teaching1. To comprehend the whole text2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions3. To understand the structure of the text4. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and difficult points1. What is description?2. The comprehension and appreciation of the words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size and smell.3. The appreciation of the words and expressions used for stress and exaggeration.4. Some useful expressions such as to make a point of, it is a point of honour…, and etcBackground informationThis text is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces (1962), which was intended for students preparing for the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency Examination, & for students in the top class of secondary schools or in the first year of a university course.The Middle Eastern BazaarThe Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds --- even thousands --- of years. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - arched gateway of aged brick and stone. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, darkcavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leavingthe bazaar. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. The din of the stall-holder; crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sounds to echo. The shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers, overwhelmed by the sepulchral atmosphere, follow suit .One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods do not scatter themselves over the bazaar, in order to avoid competition, but collect in the same area, so that purchasers can know where to find them, and so that they can form a closely knit guild against injustice or persecution . In the cloth-market, for instance, all the sellers of material for clothes, curtains, chair covers and so on line the roadway on both sides, each open-fronted shop having a trestle trestle table for display and shelves for storage. Bargaining is the order of the cay, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing and doing a little preliminary bargaining before they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment. If he does guess correctly, he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer. Bargaining can go on the whole day, or even several days, with the customer coming and going at intervals .One of the most picturesque and impressive parts of the bazaar is the copper-smiths' market. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers . In each shop sit the apprentices –boys and youths, some of them incredibly young – hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes, while the shop-owner instructs, and sometimes takes a hand with a hammer himself. In the background, a tiny apprentice blows a bi-, charcoal fir e with a hugeleather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe -- the red of the live coals glowing, bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows.Here you can findbeautiful pots and bowlsengrave with delicate andintricate traditionaldesigns, or the simple,everyday kitchenwareused in this country,pleasing in form, butundecorated and strictlyfunctional. Elsewherethere is the carpet-market,with its profusion of richcolours, varied textures and regional designs -- some bold and simple, others unbelievably detailed and yet harmonious. Then there is the spice-market, with its pungent and exotic smells; and thefood-market, where you can buy everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner, or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters' market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai , where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while the great bales of merchandise they have carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them.Perhaps the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar, apart from its general atmosphere, is the place where they make linseed oil. It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible. In this cavern are three massive stone wheels, each with a huge pole through its centre as an axle. The pole is attached at the one end to an upright post, around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel. This revolves in a circular stone channel, into which an attendant feeds linseed. The stone wheel crushes it to a pulp, which is then pressed to extract the oil .The camels are the largest and finest I have ever seen, and in superb condition –muscular, massive and stately.The pressing of the linseed pulp to extract the oil is done by a vast ramshackle apparatus of beams and ropes and pulleys which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders girders creak and groan , ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.(from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation pieces, 1962 )NOTES1) This piece is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces, compiled for overseas students by L. A. Hill and D.J. May, published by Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1962.2) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.3) Gothic: a style of architecture originated in N. France in 11th century, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, steep, high roofs, etc.4) veiled women: Some Moslems use the veil---more appropriately, the purdah --- to seclude or hide their women from the eyes of strangers.5) caravanserai (caravansary): in the Middle East, a kind of inn with a large central court, where bands of merchants or pilgrims, together with their camels or horses, stay for shelter and refreshmentTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 文章结构THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARStructural and stylistic analysis&Writing TechniqueSection I: ( paras. 1, 2) General atmosphereTopic Sentence: The Middle Eastern...takes you ...years.ancientness, backwardness, primitivenessharmonious, liveliness, self-sufficient, simple, not sophisticated, active, vigorous, healthySection II (One of the peculiarities) the cloth marketSection III (One of the most picturesque) the coppersmith market and etc.Section IV (Perhaps the most unforgettable) the mill where linseed oil is madeTYPE of Writing: Description: A description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.a description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of one’s senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. The writer generally chooses those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described.1. From Macro to Micro2. words appealing to senses: light & heat, sound & movement, and smell & colour.3 nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as verbs: thread, round, narrow, price, live, tower and dwarf.4. words imitating sounds: onomatopoeia.5. stressful and impressive sentence structures:the one I am thinking of particularly…one of the peculiarities …one of the most picturesque and impressive parts …the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar,…The Middle Eastern Bazaar 课文讲解THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARDetailed Study of the Text1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa,including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa, including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.Far East: China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and East Siberia2. particular: special, single and different from others. When sth. is particular, we mean it is the single or an example of the whole under consideration. the term is clearly opposed to general and that it is a close synonym of "single".Particular is also often used in the sense of special.I have sth. very particular (special) to say to Mr. Clinton.She always took particular (special) notice of me.On this particular (single) day we had to be at school early.I don't like this particular (single) hat, but the others are quite nice.3. Gothic-arched: a type of architecture (see. ALD, church picture)Goth: one of the German tribesArch: a curved top sometimes with a central point resting on 2 supports as above a door.aged: a. [d d]My son is aged 10.When he was aged 6, he went to school.a middle aged coupleb. [d id] ancientHe is aged; her aged grandfathermedicare for the sick & aged4. glare: shining intensely, harshly, uncomfortably, and too strong; in a way unpleasant to the eyes5. cavern: a large deep cave (hollow place in the side of a cliff or hill, or underground), closed roofed place. Here in the text we can see that it is a long, narrow, dark street or workshops and stores with some sort of roof over them.6. losing itself in the shadowy distance: in the farthest distance everything becomes obscure, unclear, or only dimly visible in the dark surroundings.lose: come to be withoutshadow: greater darkness where direct light, esp. sunlight, is blocked by sth.; a dark shapeshadowy: hard to see or know about clearly, not distinct, dimHere shadowy suggests the changing of having and not having light, the shifting of lightness and darkness. There may be some spots of brightness in the dark.7. harmonious:harmony: musical notes combined together in a pleasant sounding waytinkle: to make light metallic soundcf:jingle: light tinkling soundThe rain tinkled on the metal roof.She laughed heartily, a sound as cool as ice tinkling in the glass. to tinkle coins together8. throng: large crowd of people or things, a crowd of people busy doing sth. searching up and down, engaging in some kind of activitycf: crowd: general term, large number of people together, but without order or organization.Crowd basically implies a close gathering and pressing together. The boulevard was crammed with gay, laughing crowds.Throng varies so little in meaning from crowd that the two words are often used interchangeably without loss. Throng sometimes carries the stronger implication of movement and of pushing and the weaker implication of density.Throngs circulating through the streets.The pre-Xmas sale attracted a throng of shoppers.9. thread: make one's way carefully, implies zigzag, roundaboutsThe river threads between the mountains.10. roadway:a. central part used by wheeled traffic, the middle part of a road where vehicles driveb. a strip of land over which a road passes11. narrow:In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes.The river narrows at this point.They narrowed the search for the missing boy down to five streets near the school.She looked far into the shadowy distance, her eyes narrowed, a hand on the eyebrows to prevent the glare.The aircraft carrier was too big to pass through the narrows (narrow passage between two large stretches of water).12. stall: BrE. a table or small open-fronted shop in a public place, sth. not permanent, often can be put together and taken away, on which wares are set up for sale.13. din: specific word of noise, loud, confused, continuous noise, low roar which can not be distinguished exactly until you get close, often suggests unpleasant. disordered mixture of confusing and disturbing sounds, stress prolonged, deafening, ear-splitting metallic soundsThe children were making so much din that I could not make myself heard.They kicked up such a din at the party.The din stopped when the curtain was raised.the din of the cheerful crowd14. wares (always-pl.) articles offered for sale, usu. not in a shop. The word gives the impression of traditional commodity, items, goods, more likely to be sold in free-markets.to advertise / hawk / peddle one's waresGoods: articles for sale, possessions that can be moved or carried by train, road; not house, land,There is a variety of goods in the shops.goods train / freight train, canned goods, half-finished goods, clearance goods, textile goods, high-quality goodsware: (lit.) articles for sale, usu. not in a shopThe silversmith showed us his wares.The baker travelled round the town selling his wares. kitchenware, tableware, hardware, softwareearthenware, tinware, ironware, silverwarecommodity: an article of trade or commerce, esp. a farm or mineral productWheat is a valuable commodity.Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad.a commodity fairmerchandise: (U.) things for sale, a general term for all the specific goods or wares.The store has the best merchandise in town.We call these goods merchandise.15. would-be: likely, possible, which one wishes to be but is nota would-be musician / football player16. purchase (fml. or tech.) to buyYou buy some eggs, but purchase a house.17. bargain: to talk about the condition of a sale, agreement, or contract18. dizzy: feeling as if everything were turning round , mentally confusedIf you suffer from anaemia, you often feel dizzy.Every night, when my head touches the pillows, I felt a wave ofdizziness.The two-day journey on the bus makes me dizzy.19. penetrate: to enter, pass, cut, or force a way into or through. The word suggests force, a compelling power to make entrance and also resistance in the medium.The bullet can penetrate a wall.The scud missile can penetrate a concrete works of 1 metre thick. Rainwater has penetrated through the roof of my house.20. fade: to lose strength, colour, freshness, etc.fade away: go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappearingThe farther you push / force your way into the bazaar, the lower and softer the noise becomes until finally it disappears. Then you arrive at the cloth market where the sound is hardly audible. Colour cloth often fades when it is washed.The light faded as the sun went down.The sound of the footsteps faded away.The noise of the airplane faded away.21. mute:adj.a. silent, without speechThe boy has been mute since birth.b. not pronounced:The word "debt" contains a mute letter.noun:a. a person who cannot speakThe boy was born a deaf mute.( has healthy speech organs but never has heard speech sounds, can be trained to speak){cf: He is deaf and dumb (unable to speak).}b. an object that makes a musical instrument give softer sound when placed against the strings or in the stream of airverb: to reduce the sound of, to make a sound softer than usualto mute a musical instrumentHere in the text the word "muted" is used to suggest the compelling circumstances, forcing you to lower your sound.22. beaten: (of a path, track, etc.) that is given shape by the feet of those who pass along it, suggesting ancientness, timelessness. The path becomes flat due to the treading of countless people through thousands of years.We followed a well-beaten path through the forest.23. deaden: to cause to lose strength, force, feeling, and brightnessto deaden the painTwo of these pills will deaden the ache.24. measured: steady, careful, slow, suggesting lack ofspeed, paying attention to what to say25. overwhelm: overcome, control completely and usu. suddenlyThe enemy were overwhelmed by superior forces.Sorrow overwhelmed the family.She was overwhelmed with griefThey won an overwhelming victory / majority.26. sepulchral: related to grave, gloomy, dismalsepulchre / er : old and bibl. use, a burial place; a tomb, esp. one cut in rock or built of stone27. follow suit: to do the same as one else has, to play / to deal the cards of the same suits (in poker, there two red suits, and two black suits. They are hearts, diamonds, spades, clubs, jokers, aces, kings, queens and jacks (knaves).When the others went swimming, I followed suit.He went to bed and I followed suit after a few minutes.28. peculiarity: a distinguishing characteristic, special feature, suggesting difference from normal or usual, strangeness. One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are not the same colour.The large fantail is a peculiarity of the peacock.The peculiarity of her behaviour puzzled everyone.29. deal in: sell and buy, trade inThis merchant deals in silk goods.Most foreign trading companies in West Africa deal in rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils.30. scatter: to cause (a group) to separate widely, to spread widely in all directions as if by throwingThe frightened people scattered about in all directions.One of the special features / characteristics of the M.E. bazaar is that shopkeepers in the same trade always gather together in the same place to do their business.31. knit: to make things to wear by uniting threads into a kind of close network. Here, to unite or join closely32. guild / gild: an association for businessmen or skilled workers who joined together in former times to help one another and to make rules for training new members33. persecution: cruel treatmentpersecute: to treat cruelly, cause to suffer, esp. for religious or political beliefsThe first immigrants came to American mainly because they wanted to avoid religious persecution / after being persecuted for their religious beliefs.be persecuted by sb. for sth.bloody / terrible /relentless persecutionsuffer from / be subjected to political / religious persecution34. line: form rows along35. trestle: wooden beam fixed at each end to a pair of spreading legs, used, usu. in pairs, as a removable support of a table or other flat surface.36. order of the day: the characteristic or dominant feather or activity, the prevailing state of thingsIf sth. is the order of the day, it is very common among a particular group of peopleConfusion became the order of the day in the Iraqi headquarters due to the electronic interference from the Allied forces. Learning from Lei Feng and Jiao Yulu has become the order of the day recently.Jeans and mini-skirts are no longer the order of the day now. During that period, the Gulf War became the order of the day.37. veil: covering of fine net or other material to protect or hidea woman's face38. leisure: time free from work, having plenty of free time, not in a hurry to do sth.39. pace: rate or speed in walking, marching, running or developing40. preliminary: coming before sth. introducing or preparing for sth. more important, preparatoryThere were several preliminary meetings before the general assembly.A physical examination is a preliminary to joining the army.41. beat down: to reduce by argument or other influence, to persuade sb. to reduce a priceThe man asked $5 for the dress, but I beat him down to $4.50.42. a point of honour: sth. considered important for one's self-respectIt's a point of honour with me to keep my promise = I made it a point of honour to keep my promise.In our country, it is a point of honour with a boy to pay the bill when he is dining with a girl / when he dines a girl; but on the other hand, a western girl would regard it a point of honour (with her) to pay the bill herself.43. make a point of / make it a point to: do sth because one considers it important or necessary, to take particular care of, make extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as necessaryI always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.I always made a point of being on time.I always make a point of remembering my wife's birthday.He made a point of thanking his hostess before he left the party. The rush-hour commute to my job is often nerve-racking, so I make it a point to be a careful and considerate motorist.Some American people make it a point of conscience to have no social distinctions between whites and blacks.44. what it is: used to stressWhat is it she really likes?What is it you do?What is it you really want?45. protest: to express one's disagreement, feeling of unfairnessHere: insist firmly, a firming strongly46. deprive of: take away from, prevent from usingto deprive sb. of political rights / of his power / civil rightsThe misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason.The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.47. sacrifice: to give up or lose, esp. for some good purpose or beliefThe ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves before engaging in a battle.(infml) to sell sth. at less than its cost or valueI need the money and I have to sacrifice (on the price of) my car.48. regard: regard, respect, esteem, admire and their corresponding nouns are comparable when they mean a feeling for sb. or sth.Regard is the most colourless as well as the most formal. It usu. requires a modifier to reinforce its meaningI hold her in high / low / the greatest regard.to have a high / low regard for sb's opinion.Steve was not highly regarded in his hometown.It is proper to use respect from junior to senior or inferior to superior. It also implies a considered and carefulevaluation or estimation. Sometimes it suggests recognition of sth. as sacred. He respected their views even though he could not agree with them.to have respect for one's privacy, rights...Esteem implies greater warmth of feeling accompanying a high valuation.Einstein's theory of relativity won for his universal esteem. Admiration and Admire, like esteem, imply a recognition of superiority, but they usually connote more enthusiastic appreciation, and sometimes suggest genuine affection. Sometimes the words stress the personal attractiveness of the object of admiration, and weaken the implication of esteem.I have long felt the deepest esteem for you, and your present courageous attitude has added admiration to esteem.regard:to regard sb's wishes / advice / what... (but not sb.)respect:to respect sb.to respect sb.'s courage / opinion /esteem:to esteem sb.to esteem sb. for his honesty / courageadmire:to admire sb.to admire the flowers / sb.' poem49. the customer coming and going at intervals.A customer buys things from a shop; a client get services from a lawyer, a bank or a hairdresser; One who get medical services is a patient and a guest is served in a hotel.at intervals: happening regularly after equal periods of time Trains leave at short intervals.The trees were planted beside the road at 50-meters intervals.50. picturesque: charming or interesting enough to be made into a picture, striking, vivid51. -smith: a worker in metal, a makercopper- / gold- / tin- / black- / gun-smith52. clash: a noisy, usu. metallic sound of collisionswords clashThe dustbins clashed as the men emptied them.bang: to hit violently, to make a loud noiseThe door banged open / shut.He banged the window shut.53. impinge on (upon): to strike or dash esp. with a sharp collisionI heard the rain impinge upon the earth.The strong light impinge on his eyes.The noise of the aeroplane overhead impinged on our ears.to have effect onThe need to see that justice is done impinges on every decision made in the courts.54. distinct: clearly seen, heard, understood, etc. plane, noticeable, and distinguishable to the eye or ear or mind Anything clearly noticed is distinctThere is a distinct smell of beer in this room.A thing or quality that is clearly different from others of its kind is distinctive or distinct fromBeer has a very distinctive smell. It is quite distinct from the smell of wine.55. round:Please round your lips to say "oo".Stones rounded by the action of water are called cobbles.The ship rounded the cape / the tip of the peninsula.56. burnish: to polish, esp. metal, usu. with sth. hard and smooth, polish by friction, make smooth and shiny57. brazier: open metal framework like a basket, usu. on leg, for holding a charcoal or coal fire (see picture in ALD)58. youth: often derog. a young person, esp. a young malea group of youthsthe friends of my youthcollective noun: the youth (young men and women) of the nation59. incredible: This word comes from credit, which means belief, trust, and faithcredit cardWe place full credit in the government's ability.We gave credit to his story.credible: deserving or worthy of belief, trustworthyIs the witness's story credible?After this latest affair he hardly seems credible as a politician. incredible: too strange to be believed, unbelievable60. hammer away at:away: continuously, constantlySo little Hans worked away in his garden.He was laughing (grumbling) away all afternoon.61. vessel:a. usu. round container, such as a glass, pot, bottle, bucket or barrel, used for holding liquidsb. (fml) a ship or large boatc. a tube that carries blood or other liquid through the body, or plant juice through a plant: blood vessel62. bellows: an instrument for blowing air into a fire to make it burn quickly63. the red of the live...The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim (by turns, one follows the other) as the coal burns and dies down, burns again, along with the repeated movements of the bellows.64. glow: send out brightness or warmth, heat or light without flame or smokeWhen you draws a deep mouthful, the cigarette tip glows.65. rhythmically: happening at regular periods of time, alternately; by turns。