One-Loop Free Energy of the Four-Dimensional Compact QED in the Confining Phase
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小学上册英语下册试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.What is the name of the plant that grows in deserts?A. CactusB. FernC. RoseD. Oak2.I want to learn how to _______ (制作) movies.3.It is _______ to be kind to others.4.We can build a ________ out of sticks.5.The __________ (历史的探索) invites curiosity.6.The ancient Greeks made significant contributions to ________ (数学).7.Iceland is known for its _____ (39).8.What is the term for a small rocky body that orbits the sun?A. CometB. AsteroidC. MeteorD. Planet9.The squirrel is _____ nuts for winter. (collecting)10.The bumblebee collects _______ (花蜜) from flowers.11.What is the opposite of 'night'?A. DawnB. DayC. DuskD. SunsetB12.The ______ helps us learn about sports.13.What is the term for a baby pigeon?A. ChickB. SquabC. HatchlingD. PuffB Squab14.What do you call a large group of people living together?A. CommunityB. FamilyC. NeighborhoodD. SocietyA15.How many zeros are in one thousand?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. FiveB16.What is the term for a story passed down through generations?A. NovelB. LegendC. MythD. FableB17. A crab scuttles along the ______ (沙滩).18. A parakeet enjoys singing and ______ (说话).19.My friend is always __________ (支持我的).20.We have a ______ (丰富的) variety of sports at school.21.Light reflects off a surface at the same angle at which it ______.22.Which instrument has strings and is played with a bow?A. FluteB. GuitarC. ViolinD. Drum23.I can ___ (dance) to the music.24.The __________ is famous for its tall buildings.25.Star clusters are groups of stars that are ______ together by gravity.26.The ______ (植物的生长速度) can vary based on conditions.27.What do we call a tool used for cutting wood?A. HammerB. ScrewdriverC. SawD. Wrench28.The _____ (rain/snow) is falling.29.What is the capital city of Colombia?A. BogotáB. MedellínC. CaliD. Cartagena30.小鼠) is very quick and clever. The ___31.Owls are known for their ________________ (夜视能力).32.The boy is _____ a picture. (drawing)33.My favorite game is ______ (国际象棋). I enjoy thinking carefully about my______ (策略).34.What do you call the process of removing trees from a forest?A. AfforestationB. DeforestationC. ReforestationD. UrbanizationB35. A reaction that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called ______.36.What is the primary color of a cherry?A. RedB. YellowC. GreenD. BlueA37.The __________ is a large area that is home to many different animals.38.I have a toy ________ (玩具名称) that can transform.39.The nurse provides _____ (护理) for patients.40.What do we call the process of changing from a caterpillar to a butterfly?A. MetamorphosisB. EvolutionC. TransformationD. DevelopmentA41.The ______ teaches us about digital marketing.42.The puppy is very ___ (adorable).43.I see a _____ (cat/dog) in the garden.44.The turtle loves to bask in the _______ (阳光).45.The _______ (The Enlightenment) paved the way for modern democracies.46.What is the name of the famous theme park in California?A. DisneylandB. Universal StudiosC. SeaWorldD. Legoland47.Nebulae can be the birthplace of new _______.48.The garden is alive with colorful _______ and buzzing insects.49.The outer covering of an egg is called a __________.50.The _______ (小狼) plays with its siblings in the den.51.The first human to travel in space was _______. (尤里·加加林)52. A _______ is formed when a metal reacts with a nonmetal.53.My sister has a _____ that she carries everywhere.54.She is ___ her homework. (doing)55.s turn toward the ______ (太阳) during the day. Sunflowe56.She is studying for her ___. (exam)57. D.WaterWhich shape has three sides?A. SquareB. TriangleC. Circle58.My sister is a great __________ (团队合作者).59.Chemical reactions can produce gases, liquids, or ______.60.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. RiceB. FlourC. SugarD. SaltB61.What is the name of the person who writes books?A. AuthorB. EditorC. PublisherD. Reporter62.The leaves change _______ in the fall, making the world beautiful.63.The _____ (rainbow) is beautiful.64.What do you call a person who studies anthropology?A. AnthropologistB. ArchaeologistC. SociologistD. HistorianA65.I enjoy exploring new possibilities with my toy ________ (玩具名称).66.I love to play ________ (户外游戏).67.The ______ (水循环) plays a role in plant growth.68.The hummingbird can hover in one ________________ (位置).anic compounds contain the element ________.70.My favorite fruit is ______ (banana).71.Which animal says 'meow'?哪种动物会“喵喵”叫?A. DogB. CatC. CowD. SheepB72.The symbol for manganese is _____.73. (64) is the fastest river in the world. The ____74.I enjoy listening to ________ (音乐) while I do my homework. It helps me ________ (放松).75.The __________ is a major city known for its cultural significance. (伦敦)76.What is the opposite of up?A. DownB. OverC. UnderD. AboveA77.We will go ______ during the summer. (camping)78.The __________ is a famous city known for its museums. (巴黎)79.The capital of Togo is __________.80.What do you call the end of a pencil?A. TipB. EraserC. LeadD. BarrelA81.What do you call a young female rabbit?A. BunnyB. KitC. CalfD. Pup82.The kitten loves to play with a _______ (小猫喜欢玩_______).83.What is the capital of Norway?A. OsloB. BergenC. TrondheimD. StavangerA84. A stable isotope has the same number of ______.85.What do you wear on your feet?A. HatB. ShoesC. GlovesD. Belt86.We visit the ______ (动物园) every summer.87.Some _______ can only grow in certain climates.88.The __________ is an underwater landform. (海底山脉)89. A ______ is a type of mammal that can swim.90.What is 20 - 5?A. 10B. 12C. 15D. 17C91.I see a _____ (cloud/rock) in the sky.92.What do we call the person who cuts hair?A. DentistB. BarberC. ChefD. TeacherB93.What is the main reason for the seasons on Earth?A. Distance from the sunB. Earth's axial tiltC. Sunspot activityD. Ocean currents94.Many plants are _____ (可食用) and nutritious.95.The ______ (小鸟) chirps happily as it builds its nest.96.The first written language was developed by the ________ civilization.97.What is the name of the famous wizarding school in Harry Potter?A. HogwartsB. NarniaC. OzD. Neverland答案:A98.I enjoy _______ (参与) discussions.99.What do you call someone who helps you learn?A. TeacherB. DoctorC. LawyerD. Chef100.The man has a funny ________.。
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楔铁drift极限制limitwitch极限张应力ultimateteniletre杨氏模量Youngmodulu榆木elm沟刨ploughplane温度梯度temperaturegradient温度调节器;恒温器thermotat温差电偶thermocouple温标temperaturecale滑枕ram滑动件lider滑块曲柄机构lidercrankmechanim 滑刨;光刨moothingplane滑轮pulley煤油;火水keroene炼制合金alloying炼钢炉teelfurnace照明lighting碎屑;切屑chip碎料板;刨花板particleboard硼砂bora某万用尺multi-purpoerule万向接头univeraljoint万向轴节univeralcoupling万能胶contactglue节奏;韵律rhythm节约能源conervationofenergy经干木材eaonedtimber脚掣footbrake脑力激荡法braintorming葫芦夹钳pick-uptong蜂鸣器buzzer装拆式结构knock-downcontruction装拆扣件knock-downfitting装订binding装配图;组合图aemblydrawing装饰的图案或式样motif解决方法olution解决问题problemolving译码;译码decode试验teting跳菲;小型电路断路器miniaturecircuitbreaker(MCB)载电live运动motion运动的控制controlofmotion运动的传送tranmiionofmotion运动的转化converionofmotion运动学kinematic运算放大器operationalamplifier 运锯;带锯band-aw达底螺丝攻bottomingtap釉窑;搪瓷炉enamellingkiln钳plier铅lead铅笔pencil铅笔刨pencilharpener刨plane刨刀cuttingblade;planeiron刨夹capiron刨床hapingmachine刨底ole刨削haping刨削刀具hapingtool刨楔levelcap铆钉rivet铆钉接合rivetedjoint铆钉模rivetet&nap铆接riveting闸床;剪床guillotine隔离器iolator电electricity电力分线箱ditributionboard电子束焊接electronbeamwelding电子零件接驳wiring电子管valve电子学electronic电木Bakelite电玉;醛树脂ureaformaldehyde(UF)电池cell电池组battery电位;电势electricpotential电位计potentiometer电位差potentialdifference电抗reactance电弧焊electricarcwelding电阻抗impedance电阻值reitance电阻率reitivity电阻温度计reitancethermometer 电阻器reitor电流current电流表;安培计ammeter电流放大器currentamplifier电流增益currentgain电容率;介电常数permittivity 电容量capacitance电容器capacitor电烙套件olderingkit电烙铁electricolderingiron电动势electromotiveforce电动机;马达;摩打motor电荷charge;electriccharge电势;电位electricpotential 电感器inductor电极electrode电源开关witch电源频率;市电频率mainfrequency计算机辅助设计与制造系统CAD/CAMytem 计算机数控车床CNClathe电路circuit电磁线圈;筒形线圈;螺线管olenoid 电枢;衔铁线圈armature电线electricwire电线退皮钳wiretripper电导率electricalconductivity电导量conductance电压voltage电压比voltageratio电压放大voltageamplification电压放大器voltageamplifier电压表voltmeter电压降voltagedrop电压调节器voltageregulator电镀electroplating电钻electricdrill零件分散图;爆炸图e某plodeddrawing(view)零件表partlit零件详图;详细图detaildrawing零件图partdrawing零位校正zerocorrection顽磁性铁磁材料retentiveferromagneticmaterial 饱和度aturation鸠尾榫;鱼尾榫;燕尾榫dovetailjoint鸠尾榫锯dovetailaw鼓式制动器drumbrake鼓风炉blatfurnace划针criber划线layout;markingout;ruling划线刀markingknife划线工具markingtool划线规markinggauge;urfacegauge划线轮titchmarker图形表达技巧graphicpreentationtechnique图案;花样pattern图框drawingframe图画的阴暗部hade图画纸cartridgepaper图头钉Frenchnail垫片;垫圈;介子gaket;waher垫板;台垫benchhook垫料backing实践计划realization对比contrat对流convection对接butt对接合;对接榫buttjoint对接角榫buttmitredjoint对接焊buttwelding对称ymmetry惯性力矩;转动惯量momentofinertia 惯性负载inertiaload截锥铆钉panheadrivet折尺foldingrule折床;弯曲机bendingmachine折铁砧hatchettake折铁器foldingbar敲打成形beatening杠杆lever构件member构成作业fabricationproce构架接合;构架榫framedjoint构架结构framecontruction构想;意念idea榫头tenon榫眼;卯孔mortie榫规;双线规mortiegauge榫锯;夹背锯tenonaw榫凿mortiechiel槌击法chopping演绎技术(设计)renderingtechnique 滚子轴承rollerbearing滚花身;压花身knurledhank滚珠轴承ballbearing滚纹;切辊纹knurling滚动摩擦rollingfriction滚压;辘压rolling漏电断路掣;水气掣earthleakagecircuitbreaker(ELCB)滞后现象hyterei渗碳cementation熔化fuion熔渣lag熔焊接fuionwelding磁化;起磁magnetization磁化电流magnetizingcurrent磁性magneticproperty磁场magneticfield磁场强度magneticfieldtrength磁漆;瓷漆enamelpaint磁铁magnet碟式制动器dicbrake碟式离合器;盘式离合器plateclutch碟形凹陷法inking碳化三铁体cementite碳化合金carbide碳钢carbonteel端面车削facing端纹endgrain端视图;侧视图endview管pipe综合ynthei网格grid网格纸;方格纸gridpaper网络;网络network;web维修;保养maintenance聚乙烯;软胶polyethylene(PE)聚丙烯;百折胶;百折胶polypropylene(PP)聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂;压克力;亚加力polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)聚合作用polymerization聚合物polymer聚苯乙烯;硬胶polytyrene(PS)聚氨基甲酸乙酯polyurethane(PU)聚硅铜橡胶iliconrubber聚氯乙烯;PVC胶polyvinylchloride(PVC)聚酯polyeter聚酯树脂;水晶胶polyeterrein聚碳酸酯polycarbonate(PC)聚醯胺;尼龙polyamide(PA)腐蚀corroion腐蚀液corroiveliquid蒸气team蜜胺;三聚氰胺melamine蜜胺甲醛melamineformaldehyde(MF)蚀刻术etching制成板manufacturedboard制作过程workingproce制作图;工作图workingdrawing制造方法productionmethod制图;绘图drawing诱导抗力induceddrag辅助投影au某iliaryprojection 轻锉法lightfiling远景perpective酸洗acidpickling铰hinge铰刀reamer铰孔reaming铰接合hingedjoint铰接式支座hingedupport银ilver银焊料ilverolder铜;红铜copper铜焊brazing铜焊料;锌焊料pelterolder铬chromium铣milling铣刀millingcutter铣床millingmachine阀门valve隙角clearanceangle雌雄榫;榫卯mortieandtenonjoint齐纳二极管;然纳二极管Zenerdiode劈刀rivingknife劈尖;楔wedge喷咀nozzle喷砂andblating喷射铸造法;注射成形法injectionmoulding喷漆法praying增强剂reinforcingagent增塑剂platicizer宽条芯夹板;大芯夹板blockboard宽裕度;容差allowance层积;层叠laminating层叠塑料片;塑料层积片laminatedplaticheet废木watewood 弹性elaticity弹性夹头;筒夹collet弹性形变elaticdeformation弹性常数elaticcontant弹性极限elaticlimit弹性模量;弹性模数moduluofelaticity 弹性应变能elatictrainenergy弹簧pring弹簧分规pringdivider弹簧垫圈pringwaher耦合;偶合(电工)coupling胶片刀;勾刀platiccutter摩打;电动机;马达motor摩擦力friction摩擦焊接frictionwelding挠曲机;折床bendingmachine挠性联轴节fle某iblecoupling挠度deflection数字冲numberpunch数字及字母冲numberandletterpunch数字仿真转换;数模转换digital-to-analogueconverion数码化仪器;数字式仪器digitalintrument数码化显示;数字式显示digitaldiplay调制解调器modem暂时接合temporaryjoint样式;模式pattern枢接结构pin-jointedtructure枢轴;支点pivot标示尺寸dimenioning标度cale标量calar标准尺寸;市售尺寸tockize标准横切面tandardcro-ection槽groove槽口rebate槽口刨;边刨;子口刨rebateplane槽位trench槽沟平接榫tonguegroovejoint槽沟角接榫tonguedtrenchedjoint槽刨;槽刨机router槽榫houingjoint模die;former模子;铸模mould模件;模块;组件module模式;样式pattern模板template模型model;pattern模型制作modelmaking模塑;倒模成形;铸模成形moulding模数转换;仿真数字转换analogue-to-digitalconverion仿真imulation仿真系统analogueytem模锻法;锤锻法;冲锻法dropforging梁规trammel欧姆定律Ohm'Law欧姆计ohmmeter欧姆导体ohmicconductor潜热latentheat潜变;蠕变creep 润滑lubrication \U+6DA。
小学上册英语第4单元真题(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1. A _______ reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms.2.Which animal is known for its ability to swim?A. DogB. FishC. BirdD. Tiger答案:B Fish3.The ______ is a type of fish that lives in coral reefs.4.The chemical reaction that produces energy from food is called ______.5.My favorite place is the _______ (我最喜欢的地方是_______).6.The bird is singing in the _____.7.The _______ is important for pollination.8.What do we call the time it takes for the Earth to make one complete revolution on its axis?A. YearB. MonthC. DayD. Hour答案: C9. A ________ is a large natural lake.10.Potential energy is stored energy, while kinetic energy is _______ energy.11.What do you call the study of the Earth's atmosphere?A. MeteorologyB. GeologyC. AstronomyD. Biology答案: A12.The ________ (生物多样性研究项目) offers insights.13.The ________ is often seen in gardens.14.The _____ (河马) is very large and heavy.15.The dog is ______ (playing) with a stick.16.Did you see that _____ (小鸟) building a nest?17.Did you see that _____ (小鸟) fly past?18.I like to ______ my friends after school. (call)19.The ________ was a leading advocate for equality in education.20. A solution that has a low concentration of solute is called a ______ solution.21.We can build a _________ (城堡) with these _________ (积木).22.What is the capital of Kenya?A. NairobiB. MombasaC. KisumuD. Nakuru答案:A.Nairobi23.The __________ is known for its preserved wildlife.24.I love to watch the __________ fall in winter. (雪花)25.看图,判断句子内容与图片信息是(T)否(F)相符。
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1.jam n.果酱;堵塞2.clay n.黏土;陶土3.weed n.杂草;野草v t.&v i.除杂草4.tablet n.平板电脑;便笺本;药片5.washroom n.洗手间;厕所6.bubble v i.起泡;沸腾7.tube n.管子;管状物8.circus n.马戏团9.jaw n.颌;下巴10.hut n.简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)11.fireplace n.壁炉12.saucer n.茶碟;杯托13.kettle n.(烧水用的)壶;水壶14.pan n.平底锅;烤盘15.jar n.罐子;坛子16.grill n.烤架;烤肉餐馆17.doorway n.门口;出入口;门道18.leftover adj.吃剩的;残留的n.吃剩的食物;遗留物19.handshake n.握手20.plug v t.封堵;补足n.堵塞物;插头;插座21.tune n.曲调;曲子v t.调音;调节;调频道22.contract v t.感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约)n.合同;契约23.cardiac adj.心脏病的;心脏的24.circuit n.巡回;环形线路25.hypothetical adj.假设的;假定的Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1.parcel n.包裹v t.裹好;打包2.mail n.邮件;信件;邮政v t.邮寄;发电邮给3.secondary adj.中学的;次要的4.chorus n.合唱曲;合唱团v t.合唱;齐声说5.cotton n.棉布;棉花6.uniform n.校服;制服adj.一致的;统一的7.rigid adj.死板的;固执的8.shade v t.给……遮挡(光线);加灯罩;把……涂暗n.阴凉处;灯罩;阴影部分9.wrinkle v t.&v i.(使脸上)起皱纹;皱起n.皱纹10.forehead n.额;前额11.housing n.住房;住宅12.platform n.平台;站台;舞台13.drag v t.拖;拽v t.&v i.缓慢而费力地移动14.privilege n.优惠待遇;特权15.resign v i.&v t.辞职;辞去16.lately ad v.最近;不久前;近来17.input n.情况;信息;投入;输入v t.输入18.grant v t.同意;准许n.拨款19.relay v t.转发;转播n.接力赛;接班的人20.criterion n.(pl.criteria)标准;准则;原则21.pray v i.&v t.企盼;祈祷Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1.dust n.沙土;灰尘v i.&v t.擦灰→dusty adj.布满灰尘的2.rubber n.橡皮;黑板擦;橡胶→rub v t.&v i.擦;摩擦;揉;搓3.chemist n.化学家;药剂师;药房→chemistry n.化学→chemical adj.化学的4.ripe adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→ripen v t.&v i.(使)成熟5.disabled adj.有残疾的;丧失能力的→disability n.缺陷;障碍→disable v t.使(某人)残废;使……无能6.deserve v t.值得;应得;应受→deserving adj.值得的;应得的7.consultation n.咨询;咨询会→consult v t.咨询;请教→consultant n.顾问8.stability n.稳定(性);稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的;牢固的→unstable adj.不稳定的1.consolidation/kənˌsɒl I'de Iʃn/n.巩固;加强→consolidate/kən'sɒl I de I t/v t.&v i.使加强;使巩固2.deprive/d I'pra I v/v t.剥夺;使丧失;使不能享有deprive...of sth剥夺;使丧失;使不能享有3.dumb/dʌm/adj.哑的;一时说不出话的;愚蠢的4.vague/ve Iɡ/adj.含糊的;不详细的;茫然的5.linger/'l Iŋɡə(r)/v i.继续存留;逗留;拖延6.unconsciously/ʌn'kɒnʃəsli/ad v.无意地;不知不觉地→conscious/'kɒnʃəs/adj.意识到的;神志清醒的;刻意的→consciousness/'kɒnʃəsnəs/n.清醒状态;意识;观念7.tangible/'tændʒəbl/adj.有形的;真实的;可触摸的;可感知的→intangible/I n'tændʒəbl/ adj.难以形容(或理解)的;不易度量的;无形的8.tense/tens/adj.令人紧张的;焦虑不安的;绷紧的9.grope/ɡrəʊp/v i.&v t.摸索;摸索着走grope one’s way toward(s)摸索着朝……走10.dash/dæʃ/v t.&v i.猛掷;猛击;猛冲n.猛冲;匆忙Ⅳ.背核心短语1.a chorus of齐声;异口同声2.not to mention更不用说;且不说3.take...for granted认为……是理所当然;对……不予重视4.relay to转达给……;转发给……5.pray that但愿6.be dying to do sth渴望做某事7.adapt to适应8.the other day前几天9.shake hands with sb和某人握手10.participate in参与;参加Ⅴ.悟经典句式1.It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a dusty track covered in weeds.(It takes sb some time to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间)沿着杂草丛生、尘土飞扬的小路,我几分钟就能走到学校。
小学上册英语第一单元真题试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.The ________ (clouds) are fluffy.2.What is the primary ingredient in pesto sauce?A. BasilB. ParsleyC. GarlicD. Tomato3.The _______ (Pilgrims) traveled on the Mayflower to America in 1620.4.What do we call the area of land where a specific type of plant or animal lives?A. HabitatB. EcosystemC. EnvironmentD. Biome5.My grandma enjoys sewing ____ (quilts).6.Which of these is a type of fish?A. SalmonB. ChickenC. BeefD. Pork7.How do you say "good morning" in Spanish?A. Buenos díasB. Buenas nochesC. Buenas tardesD. Hola8.The main gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect is __________.9.How many zeros are in one thousand?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. FiveB10.The parrot has bright ________________ (羽毛).11.ts produce ______ that can be used in cooking or for flavoring dishes. (某些植物可以产生用于烹饪或调味的香料。
小学下册英语第1单元测验卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1 We have ______ (很多) plants at home.2 What is 6 + 3?A. 8B. 9C. 10D. 113 The chemical formula for table sugar is __________ (C12H22O11).4 What do you call a young mongoose?A. KitB. PupC. CalfD. Cub5 What is the capital city of the United Kingdom?A. DublinB. EdinburghC. LondonD. Cardiff答案:C6 My brother likes to _____ (玩) games.7 What is 30 10?a. 15b. 20c. 25d. 30答案:b8 The _______ (The Civil Rights Act) aimed to end segregation in public places.9 I can ______ (保持) a positive attitude regardless of challenges.10 The _______ (The Age of Enlightenment) emphasized reason and scientific thought in society.11 What is the largest land animal?A. LionB. ElephantC. GiraffeD. Hippo12 The sun ___ (rises/sets) in the east.13 I can build a train track with my ________ (玩具名称).14 The _____ (bridge) is long.15 What is the smallest continent?A. AsiaB. AfricaC. AustraliaD. Europe16 The ocean is _______ (非常清澈)。
Sell one’s soul to do sthBe at the tip of one’s fingersLet sth go to one’s headGet a grip on sbTramp《彗星美人》展示了舞台生活的内幕和一位无名姑娘如何登上明星宝座的经历。
在以名媛赛拉·西顿丝命名的1950 All About Eve《彗星美人》主要演员以及珍贵剧照(26张)戏剧奖的颁奖仪式上,新秀艾娃力克众女星,获得戏后桂冠。
大家向她热烈祝贺。
在一片赞美声中,跟艾娃关系甚密切的一些朋友回忆起过去的情景……八个月以前,立志当演员的艾娃经常光顾剧场后台,一次恰巧被剧作家理查兹的妻子卡伦发现,她见艾娃面目清秀,聪明怜俐,倒也是一个演戏人材,于是介绍给红得发紫的大明星玛戈。
艾娃成了玛戈的跟班,终日伺候这位任性恣情的名角。
与此同时,艾娃潜心学艺,进步很快。
这被玛戈发现,不免起了戒心。
尽管这样,艾娃锲而不舍,一方面极力巴结大名鼎鼎的剧评家艾德逊,以取得他的支持,另方面设法接近码戈的情人——导演比尔,请他多加指点,艾娃崭露头角,招致码戈的妒忌,后者大闹了一场。
卡伦对玛戈的任性颇为反感,决定教训她一下。
有次乘汽车去赏雪旅行时,卡伦故意将玛戈坐车的汽油全部放掉,结果玛戈不能按时赶到剧场演出,只好请人代演。
艾娃趁此机会登台,使出浑身的解数,一举成功。
她不以美貌招徕,而是以真挚自然的演技赢得广大观众的欢迎。
对照之下,浮华自负的玛戈和卖弄色相的卡丝维尔就相形见绌了……,终于,在以名媛赛拉·西顿丝命名的戏剧奖比赛中,艾娃荣获桂冠。
颁奖仪式结束后,艾娃回到住处,发现了一个美丽的少女正用憧憬羡慕的目光等着她,一如八个月前的她自己。
艾娃是一个很有心计、有野心而且善于做戏的年轻女人,她能言善辩地使卡伦相信她是一个谦逊的人,进而在接近玛戈之后巧心经营赢得了众人的信任。
卡伦气愤玛戈的脾气将他们周末旅行的汽车放掉汽油教训玛戈,于是艾娃得到了扮演角色的机会,饰演成功后她试图勾引比尔被拒绝。
小学下册英语第6单元测验卷[有答案]英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题,每小题1分,共100分.每小题不选、错误,均不给分)1.The first man-made satellite was launched by _______.2. A butterfly starts as a ________________ (幼虫).3.She is ______ her bike. (riding)4.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. FlourB. RiceC. SugarD. Salt5.The __________ (历史的情感共鸣) bridge divides.6.What do you call a group of fish?A. HerdB. SchoolC. PackD. Flock答案:B7.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "Thank U, Next"?A. Ariana GrandeB. Taylor SwiftC. Selena GomezD. Demi Lovato答案:A8.He is a pilot, ______ (他是一名飞行员), who flies airplanes.9.My favorite character in a movie is _______ (名字). 他/她是个 _______ (形容词)的人.10.What is the capital city of Norway?A. OsloB. BergenC. TrondheimD. Stavanger答案:A11.The __________ caused many trees to fall. (风)12.Which instrument has keys and is played by pressing them?A. GuitarB. DrumsC. PianoD. Violin13.Which of these is a dairy product?A. BreadB. YogurtC. RiceD. Pasta答案:B14.I want to grow a ________ for my mom's birthday.15.What is the term for a young ferret?A. KitB. PupC. CalfD. Chick答案:A16. A _______ is a chemical reaction that occurs in living organisms.17.The __________ is very cold today; make sure to wear a jacket. (天气)18.The capital of Peru is __________.19.The candy is ___ (colorful).20.The Battle of Hastings took place in the year ________.21.Chickens lay _______ (鸡蛋).22.Rush brought many people to ________ (加利福尼亚). The Grea23.The _____ (狐狸) has sharp senses and is very clever.24.What do you call a person who helps sick animals?A. VeterinarianB. DoctorC. NurseD. Zookeeper25.The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic Games in ________.26. A mineral’s ______ refers to its sh iny or dull appearance.27. A ________ is a large open space in a forest.28.What is the capital of Italy?A. VeniceB. MilanC. FlorenceD. Rome答案:D29.The __________ is an important trade route.30.Energy from the sun is called ______ energy.31.My favorite holiday is ________ (万圣节) for the costumes.32. A volcanic eruption can release ash, gas, and ______ into the atmosphere.33.The ______ is what keeps us grounded on Earth.34.I love exploring new ________ (地方).35.Which of these is a common pet?A. LionB. GoldfishC. ElephantD. Giraffe答案:B36.The __________ is a large desert located in North Africa. (撒哈拉沙漠)37.I enjoy _____ (reading/writing) stories.38. A _______ is a reaction that involves the release of light.39.Plants help to prevent ______ (土壤侵蚀) by holding the soil in place.40.What is the name of the famous mouse created by Walt Disney?A. Mickey MouseB. Donald DuckC. GoofyD. Pluto41.She is _____ (coloring/drawing) a picture.42.The __________ (希腊神话) includes many gods and heroes.43.We had a _______ (愉快的) picnic yesterday.44. A __________ (溶胶) is a colloidal mixture with solid particles dispersed in a liquid.45.It is _____ to swim in the ocean. (fun)46.My uncle loves to __________ (探险) in nature.47.The first Olympic Games took place in _______.48.Chemical energy is stored in the _____ of molecules.49.What is the capital of Honduras?A. TegucigalpaB. San Pedro SulaC. La CeibaD. Choluteca答案:A50.The ______ (气候) affects plant growth.51. A ______ (蜘蛛) spins webs to catch insects.52.The process of combining elements to form compounds is called ______.53.小猴子) loves to eat fruits. The ___54.The __________ can indicate the presence of ancient life forms in rock.55.We should keep ______ (环境清洁) for plants to thrive.56.The invention of ________ has transformed daily life.57. A reaction that occurs spontaneously is said to be ______.58.What is the chemical symbol for gold?A. AuB. AgC. PbD. Fe答案:A59.The element with the symbol O is __________.60.The dog is _____ at the ball. (looking)61.I see a _____ on the table. (book)62.What do we call the study of the Earth's atmosphere?A. MeteorologyB. GeologyC. OceanographyD. Astronomy答案:A Meteorology63.My friend enjoys __________ (旅行).64.The __________ (历史的解读) invites discussion.65.We eat _____ (breakfast/lunch) at AM.66.What is the capital city of the Netherlands?A. AmsterdamB. RotterdamC. UtrechtD. The Hague答案:A67.The _____ (老虎) is a powerful predator in the wild.68.What is the capital of Thailand?A. BangkokB. Chiang MaiC. PhuketD. Pattaya答案:A69.We have a big ___. (garden)70.Which country is known for the Eiffel Tower?A. ItalyB. FranceC. SpainD. Germany答案:B71.We can find _______ in the forest (我们可以在森林里找到_______).72.I have many ______ cousins. (我有很多______表兄弟姐妹。
• Up to PL e, SILCL 3, category 4Correct UseThe ESM-2H2.. 2-hand safety relay is an extremely compact, universal safety two-hand control unit. It complies with EN574, Typ III C, and is intended for use in safety circuits that are designed in accordance with EN 60204-1, e.g. on presses, punches and bending tools. Due to the internal error monitoring, the 2-hand safety relay can be used, despite very compact dimen-sions, for all applications up to the highest safety cate-gory 4 and PL e according to EN ISO 13849-1, SILCL 3 according to EN 62061 or Typ III C according to EN 574.Features• 2 safe, redundant relay outputs• Cyclical monitoring of the output contacts• Feedback loop for monitoring downstream contactors orexpansion modules• Short circuit and earth fault monitoring • Extrem compact housingFunctionThe EUCHNER 2-hand safety relay ESM-2H2.. is suitable for setting up and monitoring two-hand circuits and is used to protect the operators. Dangerous work steps can only be triggered when both two-hand buttons connected are ope-rated simultaneously, i.e. within 0.5 s.It is to be ensured a single fault or a malfunction does not result in the loss of the safety function and every fault is detected by the cyclic self-monitoring at the latest prior to the next actuation.When the operating voltage is applied to A1-A2 and the feedback loop X1-X2 is closed, the ESM-2H2.. is ready for use. To be able to initiate a switching operation, the output relays must be de-energized. The output relays only switch to the energized position when the two-hand buttons T1 and T2 are operated simultaneously, i.e. within 0.5s.Fig. 1 Block diagram ESM-2H2..InstallationAs per DIN EN 60204-1, the device is intended for installa-tion in control cabinets with a minimum degree of protection of IP54. It is mounted on a 35 mm DIN rail according to DIN EN 60715 TH35.Fig. 2 Installation/removalElectrical Connec-tion• When the 24 V version is used, a safety transformeraccording to EN 61558-2-6 or a power supply unit with electrical isolation from the mains must be connected. • External fusing of the safety contacts must be provided. •A maximum length of the control lines of 1000 meters with a line cross section of 0.75 mm 2 must not be excee-ded.•The line cross section must not exceed 2.5 mm2. •If the device does not function after commissioning, it must be returned to the manufacturer unopened. Ope-ning the device will void the warranty.A1: Power supply A2. Power supply S11: Control line T1 S12: Control line T1 S13: Control line T1 S21: Control line T2 S22: Control line T2 S23: Control line T2 X1; X2: Feedback loop 13-14: Safety contact 1 23-24:Safety contact 2The output relays are not switched if:• only one two-hand button is actuated or the time between the actuation of the 2 two-hand buttons is greater than 0.5 s, • the feedback loop is open (fault in the external contactor),• another error (short circuit, cable break, error in the switching device) has occurred.When T1 and/or T2 are/is released, the output relays opens immediately. In order to trigger a new operation, both two-hand buttons must first be released and the feedback loop must be closed.ESM-2H2..The arrangement of the two-hand buttons must be designed in accordance with the standard EN 574 such that accidental actuation or simple bypassing of the safety function is excluded.The ESM-2H2.. unit is provided for the connection of 2-hand push-buttons, with one normally open or one normally colsed contact.Figur 1 shows the wiring of the ESM-2H2.. with a 2-hand push-buttons:ApplicationsFig. 1:Wiring of the ESM-2H2.. with a 2-hand push -buttonsFig. 2: Feedback loopContactors connected to the ESM-2H2.. or the basic devices are monitored via the feedback loop of the basic device. K A and K B are the positively driven contacts of the connected contactor or expansion module.Feedback loopNote: The items listed under “Electrical connection” must be observed during commissioning. Commissioning Procedure1. Wiring ESM-2H2..:Wire the ESM-2H2.. With the 2-hand push button according to your application (see Fig. 1).2. Wiring feedback loop:Wire the feedback loop as shown in Fig. 2.3. Wiring power supply:Connect the power supply to terminals A1 and A2.Warning: Wiring only in de-energized state.4. Starting the device:Switch the operating voltage on.5. Switch to working condition:Press the two buttons T1 and T2 simultaneously, or within 0.5 seconds.The positive-guided relay switches.6. Switch into hibernation:Release the two buttons T1 and T2. The positive-guided relay swiches off.Jumper X1-X2: See descriptionX1 X2InstallationAvoiding unintentional actuation or bypassing of the safety deviceThe arrangement of the two-hand buttons must be designed in accordance with the standard EN 574 such that accidental actuation or simple bypassing of the safety function is excluded.The operation of both buttons using one hand must be prevented by an adequate distance (at least 260 mm) or by a sepa-rating wall. Actuation using forearm, elbow, knee, hip or other parts of the body can be effectively prevented by a further increase in the distance between the two buttons, adequate distance from the floor and/or covers and/or separating walls. Distance from the two-hand buttons to the danger areaIt is necessary to maintain a minimum distance between the buttons for the two-hand circuit and the danger area on themachine or plant so that, after the release of one or both buttons, the machine or plant can only be reached once the dange-rous movement has been interrupted or completed. According to the standard DIN EN ISO 13855, the distance is calculated with the following equation:S = (K · T) + CS : Minimum distance from the nearest pushbutton (two-hand button) to the danger area.K : Parameter in mm/s, derived from data on the approach speeds of the body or parts of the body, for two-hand circuits 1600 mm/s.T : The overtravel of the overall system in seconds, that is the time from releasing the two-hand button to the end of the dan gerous movement.C : Additional distance in mm that based on entry into the danger area prior to the triggering of the safety device. For twohand circuits this is 250 mm, this distance can also be set to 0 mm given an adequate cover on the buttons, however then S must be at least 100 mm.ExampleThe overtravel time for the entire system is 90ms. Then the above equation gives for the minimum distance: S = (1600 mm/s · 0.09 s) + 250 mm S = 144 mm + 250 mm = 394 mmIf a suitable cover is used, S can be reduced to 144mm (see above).MaintenanceWhat to Do in Once per month, the device must be checked for proper function and for signs of tampering and bypassing of the safety function (to do this, check the wiring of the device and activate the emergency stop function. Check the delay time).The device is otherwise maintenance free, provided that it was installed properly.Note:Additional data can be requested from the manufacturer for applications that deviate from these conditions.SafetyCharacteristics According to EN ISO 13849-1The device is certified according to EN ISO 13849-1 up to a Performance Level of PL e.Safety characteristics according to EN ISO 13849-1 for all variants of ESM-2H2.. Load (DC-13; 24 V) <= 0.1 A <= 1 A <= 3 A T10d [years] 20 20 20 Category: 4 4 4 PLe e e PFHd [1/h]: 1.2E-08 1.2E-08 1.2E-08 nop [cycle / year]<= 400,000<= 100,000<= 22,500Case of a Fault?If the fault still exists, perform the steps listed under “Commissioning Procedure”.If these steps do not remedy the fault either, return the device to the manufacturer for examination.Opening the device is impermissible and will void the warranty.Device does not switch on:• Check whether the 2-hand button of correct function. • Check whether the wiring.• Check the supply voltage on A1 and A2 • Is the feedback loop closed?Dimension DrawingS u b j e c t t o t e c h n i c a l m o d i f i c a t i o n s , n o r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s a c c e p t e d f o r t h e a c c u r a c y o f t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n . © E U C H N E R G m b H + C o . K G 109071-06-02/16 (T r a n s l a t i o n o f t h e O r i g i n a l O p e r a t i n g I n s t r u c t i o n s ) Fixed TerminalsPlug-In Terminals。
南宁2024年02版小学6年级上册英语下册试卷(含答案)考试时间:80分钟(总分:100)B卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 听力填空题:I believe in the importance of family. They are my biggest __________.2. 听力题:The ______ is the deepest part of the ocean, found in trenches.3. 听力题:The main gas that makes up the Earth's atmosphere is ______.4. current) affects navigation and marine life. 填空题:The ____5. 听力题:A flame is a visible part of a ______ reaction.6. 听力题:She is ___ her shoes. (tying)7. 听力题:My friend has a passion for ____ (cooking).8. 填空题:A ____(carbon footprint) measures environmental impact.9. 填空题:The __________ is a large body of water surrounded by land. (湖泊)10. 听力题:The main component of a compound is usually present in the greatest ______.11. 填空题:We often have picnics under the ______ (树). It’s a great way to enjoy ______ (大自然).12. 选择题:What is the name of the famous national park located in Wyoming?A. YellowstoneB. YosemiteC. Grand CanyonD. Zion答案:A13. 填空题:A parakeet can learn to mimic ______ (声音).14. 填空题:I like to play with my toy _____.15. 填空题:The _____ (flowerbed) is filled with colorful blooms.16. 听力题:The ancient Sumerians are credited with creating the first form of _______.17. 听力题:A simple machine helps us do _______.18. 填空题:Brazil is famous for its ________ (巴西以其________而闻名) and carnival.19. 选择题:What is the opposite of bright?A. DullB. LightC. ClearD. Dim答案:D20. 听力题:The _______ of sound can vary based on its environment.21. 填空题:The _______ (The Treaty of Versailles) ended WWI and imposed harsh penalties on Germany.22. 选择题:What is the capital of Kenya?b. Mombasac. Kisumud. Nakuru答案:a23. 选择题:What do we call an animal that eats both plants and meat?A. HerbivoreB. CarnivoreC. OmnivoreD. Insectivore24. 填空题:I love to __________ (动词) with my __________ (玩具名) every day.25. 听力题:I love ________ to music.26. 听力题:The Sun's energy comes from nuclear ______.27. 填空题:The ________ was a renowned leader in the civil rights movement.28. 听力题:An indicator changes color in the presence of an ______.29. 听力题:The symbol for neodymium is _____.30. 选择题:What is 8 x 2?A. 10B. 12C. 14D. 1631. 填空题:My pet ______ (狗) loves to play with other pets.32. 选择题:Which day comes after Monday?A. SundayB. TuesdayC. Wednesday答案:B33. 听力题:A ______ is a natural feature that can provide insights into geology.34. 听力题:The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon ______.35. 填空题:I saw a ________ jump over a fence.36. 选择题:Which bird is known for its colorful plumage?A. PigeonB. PeacockC. SparrowD. Crow答案: B37. 填空题:My favorite activity is ______ (骑马).38. 选择题:What do you call a piece of music played at a formal event?A. AnthemB. BalladC. SymphonyD. March答案:C39. 听力题:A chemical reaction can be classified as endothermic or ______.40. 填空题:I enjoy ______ (参加) art competitions.41. 听力题:A _______ can help to measure the force needed to move an object.42. 听力题:Reactions that absorb energy from the surroundings are called ________ reactions.43. n be found in the _________. (森林) 填空题:Snakes cShe is dancing at the ___. (party)45. 填空题:I can ______ (处理) conflicts peacefully.46. 填空题:A horse can run very ______ (快).47. 听力题:I found a _______ (coin) on the ground.48. 填空题:The ancient Egyptians practiced complex ________ (宗教仪式).49. 听力题:He enjoys reading ___. (comics)50. 选择题:How many continents are there?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. Eight51. 填空题:A ________ (草原) is home to many animals.52. 填空题:The _______ (狗) barks at strangers.53. 选择题:Which animal is known for being very intelligent?A. GoldfishB. DogC. SlothD. Turtle答案: B54. 填空题:The giraffe has a very long _________ (脖子).55. 听力题:The process of ______ can contribute to the nutrient cycle.What is the weather like when it snows?A. HotB. ColdC. WarmD. Rainy答案: B57. 填空题:A _____ (小马) can be very gentle with children.58. 选择题:What is the main ingredient in pizza?A. DoughB. CheeseC. SauceD. All of the above答案: D59. 听力题:The ________ (analysis) shows trends.60. 选择题:What is the name of the famous dog in the cartoon "Snoopy"?A. CharlieB. WoodstockC. SnoopyD. Garfield答案:C61. 选择题:What is the name of the famous mountain range in South America?A. RockiesB. AndesC. AlpsD. Himalayas答案: B. Andes62. 听力填空题:I love traveling to experience different lifestyles and __________.63. 填空题:My teacher has a __________ (温暖的) smile.64. 填空题:_____ (insects) play a role in plant reproduction.What do we call the place where animals are kept for public display?A. ZooB. AquariumC. Pet storeD. Farm答案: A. Zoo66. 填空题:The first successful vaccine was developed by ________ (詹纳).67. 听力题:A __________ is a common example of a base.68. 填空题:The children are _______ (在玩游戏).69. 填空题:The ________ (生态友好) practices benefit all.70. 听力题:She has a new ________.71. 填空题:The _____ (birch) tree has beautiful bark.72. 选择题:What do caterpillars turn into?A. BeetlesB. ButterfliesC. MothsD. Flies答案: B73. 选择题:Which tool is used for cutting paper?A. HammerB. ScissorsC. RulerD. Screwdriver答案:B74. 选择题:What do you call a place where you can borrow books?A. StoreB. LibraryC. SchoolD. Park答案:B75. 选择题:What is the capital of New Zealand?A. AucklandB. WellingtonC. ChristchurchD. Dunedin76. 填空题:My sister is a _____ (演员) who loves comedy.77. 选择题:What is the name of the famous author of "Harry Potter"?A. J.R.R. TolkienB. J.K. RowlingC. C.S. LewisD. Stephen King答案: B78. 填空题:Plants need _____ (水) to grow healthy and strong.79. 听力题:The Milky Way is the name of our ______.80. 听力题:A solar cell converts sunlight into ______ energy.81. 填空题:I love _______ (我的家) because it is very _______ (舒适).82. 听力题:Some _______ are used for making salads.83. 填空题:I enjoy _____ (writing) about plants.84. 听力填空题:I believe in setting goals. My short-term goal is to __________. My long-term goal is to __________. Working towards these goals motivates me every day.85. 听力题:There are ___ (five/six) apples in the basket.86. 听力题:A mountain range is a series of connected ______.87. 选择题:What is the name of the famous American author known for his works on adventure?A. Mark TwainB. Ernest HemingwayC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. John Steinbeck答案:A88. 填空题:My favorite ________ is purple.89. 听力题:The boy likes to play ________.90. 填空题:A __________ (化学安全) is crucial in laboratory settings to prevent accidents.91. 听力题:The flowers are _____ in the sunshine. (smiling)92. 填空题:The ________ (生态系统保护) is paramount.93. 选择题:What do we call a young female deer?A. FawnB. CalfC. KidD. Foal答案:A94. 听力题:The brightest star in the constellation Canis Major is ______.95. 听力题:The chemical formula for iron (III) oxide is _______.96. 选择题:What do you call a story that is told using pictures?A. ComicB. NovelC. BiographyD. Journal答案:A97. 选择题:What do you call a person who studies plants?A. BotanistB. ZoologistC. GeologistD. Chemist98. 选择题:What do we call the study of human societies and cultures?A. AnthropologyB. SociologyC. PsychologyD. History答案: A99. 听力题:I see a ___ (cloud/sky) above.100. 听力题:The dog is ______ in the yard. (barking)。
a r X i v :h e p -t h /9712114v 1 11 D e c 1997One-Loop Free Energyof the Four-Dimensional Compact QEDin the Confining PhaseD.V.ANTONOV ∗†Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics,B.Cheremushkinskaya 25,117218,Moscow,RussiaandInstitut f¨u r Physik,Humboldt-Universit¨a t zu Berlin,Invalidenstrasse 110,D-10115,Berlin,GermanyAbstractThe one-loop free energy of the four-dimensional compact QED,which is known to be equiv-alent to the vector Sine-Gordon model,is calculated in the strong coupling regime.In the case,when the norm of the strength tensor of the saddle-point value of the corresponding Sine-Gordon model is much larger than the typical inverse area of a loop in the gas of the monopole rings,the obtained free energy decays exponentially vs.this norm.In the opposite case,when the dominant configuration of the Sine-Gordon model is identically zero,the resulting free energy decays with the growth of loops as an exponent of the inverse square of their typical area.It is known [1,2],that the so-called strong coupling regime of the 4D compact QED,when its coupling constant g is larger than some critical value,corresponds to the confining phase of this theory.In the present Letter,we shall calculate the one-loop free energy of the 4D compact QED in such a case,i.e.in the case when g ≫1.The expression for the partition function of this model has been found in Ref.[1]and has the following formZg21−loop≡e−F=Zg20−loopD χµexpd 4xg 2a 4D x µ(t )exp (−ΣασΣβσG αβ)cosΣµν∂[µχν].(1)Here1g 2a 4,where S (0)is a dimensionless constant sym-metric tensor,and Σαβ≡Cx αdx βis the so-called tensor area [3]associated with the contourC :x α(t ),0≤t ≤T,x α(0)=x α(T ).Notice that ΣασΣβσG αβis just the self-action of a single monopole loop,whereas Eq.(1)is the partition function of a gas of such loops,where in the confining phase under consideration the large loops are dominant,i.e.this gas is not dilute.Without loss of generality,the symmetric matrix G αβcould be chosen to be a diagonal one.Then,sinceΣασΣβσG αβ=Cdx σCdy σx αy βG αβ=−14is a typical size of a monopole loop in the α-direction (of course,all thefour components of the matrix G αβare positive by definition).In what follows,we shall consider only the loops whose sizes along at least three axes,x,y ,and z ,are equal to each other,so that the matrix G αβhas the form G αβ=diag (λ1,λ1,λ1,λ2).Then one can linearize the term bilocal in the tensor area in Eq.(1)by introducing the integration over an auxiliary antisymmetric matrix 1as followse −ΣασΣβσG αβ=12π3λ32dB e B αβA βγB γα−iB αβΣαβ,(2)wheredB ≡+∞−∞dB 12dB 13dB 14dB 23dB 24dB 34,andA αβ=1λ1+λ2.Notice,that since both λ1and λ2are positive,there could not be any singularities neither in thematrix A αβ,nor in the denominator on the R.H.S.of Eq.(2).In the regime we are interested with,when g ≫1,the termexp g216π2 d4xχµ2χµ .This saddle-point value obviously readsχµ=12√21(λ1+λ2)34g2T 0dt˙x2,after which this integral becomes nothing else,but the one-loop unsubtracted Euler-Heisenberg-Schiwinger Lagrangian in scalar QED[5],and Eq.(3)yields[6,7]F=−g42π5a4λ32dB e BαβAβγBγα a1b1sin(2g2a2T)sinh(2g2b2T) ,(4) wherea2 i =1 H2i− E2i 2+4 E i H i2 ,b2 i =1 H2i− E2i 2+4 E i H i2 ,i=1,2.Here E1, B1and E2, B2stand for the“electric”and“magneticfields”corresponding to the“field strength tensors”Fαβ−Bαβand Fαβ+Bαβrespectively.Therefore we have replaced the integral over contours standing in the initial expression(1)by the averaging over an auxiliary matrix Bαβwith a certain Gaussian weight,which is obviously much more simple.Let us now proceed with performing this average in the simplest case when the loops areflat, i.e.only two components of the tensor area(which for concreteness will be chosen to be the componentsΣ23andΣ32respectively)are nonzero.In this case,Eq.(4)yields[7]F=−g22πλ1T a4+∞−∞dx e−x2sinh(2g2T(x+F))+x−Fwhere F≡F23is positive by definition.Since g≫1,in what follows we shall always assume that √g2Tλ1.In this case,onefindsF=g2(2g2Tλ1−F)e−2g2F T,π2a4which means that without the scale entering the system via thefieldχµ,the free energy decays with the growth of loops as an exponent of the inverse square of their typical area.References[1]P.Orland,Nucl.Phys.B205[FS5],107(1982).[2]A.M.Polyakov,Gauge Fields and Strings(Harwood Academic Publishers,1987).[3]A.M.Polyakov,Phys.Lett.B82,247(1979),Nucl.Phys.B164,171(1980);M.A.Shifman, Nucl.Phys.B173,13(1980);A.A.Migdal,Int.J.Mod.Phys.A9,1197(1994).[4]K.L.Zarembo,privat communication.[5]C.Itzykson and J.Zuber,Quantum Field Theory(McGraw-Hill,1980).[6]M.G.Schmidt and C.Schubert,Phys.Lett.B318,438(1993).[7]M.Reuter,M.G.Schmidt,and C.Schubert,Ann.Phys.259,313(1997).4。