3. IELTS-attributive & adverbial

雅思写作10大分类词汇I didn't quite catch your question/I zoned out a bit, could you repeat/rephrase your question, please? ：“Actually...I've never thought about this question before, but if you have to ask me, I would say that the first thing jumped into my mind is that...”或者“To be honest with you, this is the first time that I actually think about this question.” 甚至“You got me on this one!....No, just kidding.”都不失为一种方法，但一定注意的是语气要自然，否则很容易给考官造成背诵现成句子的印象，得不偿失。

一、雅思写作分类词汇：文化类1.cultural diversity 文化多元化2.cultural treasures 文化宝藏3.cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流4.cultural reconstruction 文化重建5.spiritual civilization 精神文明6.heritage 遗产7.achievements of art 艺术成就8.tear down 拆除9.humane historical sites 人文历史遗址10.preserve the cultural relics 保护文化遗产11.blueprint 蓝图12.skyscraper 摩天大楼13.high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼14.city construction 城市建设15.well-structured 结构良好的16.crystallization 结晶17.visual enjoyment 视觉享受18.driving force 驱动力19.reconstruct 重建20.destruct 破坏21.architectural industry 建筑工业22.map out 制定出23.city designing 城市设计24.beautify our life 美化我们的生活25.human civilization 人类文明26.cradle of culture 文化摇篮27.mainstream culture 主流文化28.cultural traditions 文化传统29.national pride 民族自豪30.local customs and practices 风土人情31.attract people's eyes 吸引人们的眼球32.artistic taste 艺术品味33.cornerstone 基石34.be closely inte rrelated with… 与…有密切关系35.adhere to the tradition 坚持传统36.architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为37.carry forward … 弘扬…38.cultural needs 文化需求39.reputation 声望40.maintain the world peace 维护世界和平41.artistic reflection 艺术反映42.give publicity to… 宣传…43.burden 负担44.cause irreversible damage 造成不可逆转的损失45.national identity and value 民族特性和价值观46.remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解47.symbol 象征48.artistic standards 艺术水准49.enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎50.cultural devolution二、雅思写作分类词汇：文化退化文化类一1.cultural insights 文化视角2.learn about the would 了解世界3.a thrilling experience 一种令人激动的经历4.abstract 抽象的5.concrete三、雅思写作分类词汇：具体的科技类1.advanced science 尖端科学2.scientific invention 科学发明3.exert a far-reaching impact on… 对…产生一种深远的影响4.double-edged sword 双刃剑5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路y a solid foundation for… 为…打下良好的基础8.energy crisis 能源危机9.depletion of resources 能源消耗estone 里程碑11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备12.technical innovation 科技创新13.expediency 权宜之计14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论17.exhaust gas 废气18.disastrous 灾难性的19.overshadow 使…相形见绌pared to/with… 与…相比her in 引领22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适23.opposite forces 负面影响24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障25.potential hazards 潜在危险26.pose a threat to… 对…有一种威胁27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展28.accelerate 加速…29.means of transportation 交通方式30.transportation tools 交通工具31.social status 社会地位32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源33.make people's life easier 使人们生活更方便34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料35.sustainable development 可持续性发展36.scientific exploration 科学探索37.air travel 航空旅行38.ridiculous 可笑的39.absurd 荒唐的40.substitute 取代41.overcome difficulties 克服困难42.make progress 取得进步43.a sense of national pride 民族自豪感44.unprecedented 前所未有的45.soaring 不断上升的46.give a great push to the economic growth 极大地推动了经济发展47.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展48.aggravate 使恶化49.optimize 优化50.cure-all solution四、雅思写作分类词汇：万能良药社会类1.urbanization 城市化2.centralization 集中化3.imbalance 不平衡4.in the long run 从长远角度而言5.infrastructure 基础设施6.booming 繁荣发展的7.tertiary industry 第三产业8.tranquility 宁静9.revenue 税收mercialization 商业化11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤12.water scarcity 水短缺13.the environmental pollution 环境污染14.over-industrialization 过度工业化15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤16.unemployment 失业17.wealth distribution 财富分配18.social instability 社会动荡19.urban construction 城市建设20.population explosion 人口激增21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病26.high cost of living 高额生活费用27.pastoral life 田园生活28.class polarization 阶级两极分化29.social welfare 社会福利30.give special care to … 给予…特殊关照31.urban sprawl 城市扩张32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…36.melting pot 熔炉37.on the b rink of … 处于…边缘38.pollutant 污染性物质39.waste disposal 废物处理40.put the blame on … 归咎于…41.be attributable to … 归因为…42.ways of consumption 消费方式43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失44.citizen 居民45.be confronted with… 面临着…46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪47.vicious cycle 恶性循环48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施49.give priority to … 优先考虑…50.city planners五、雅思写作分类词汇：城市规划者动物保护类 vivisection 活体解剖2.perform. experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验3.test animals 用于实验的动物4.be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验5.animal rights 动物权利6.clinical research 临床研究7.cruel 残忍的8.extremist 极端主义者9.medical research 医学研究10.origin of species 物种起源11.alternative method 替代的方法12.biological diversity 生物多样性13.natural balance 自然平衡14.equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡15.coexistence 共存16.endangered animals 濒危动物17.diversity of species 物种多样性18.shameless 令人羞愧的19.barbaric 野蛮的20.live and let live 活着就是与万物共存21.meaningless 没有意义的22.dominant species 优势物种boratory 实验室24.vaccine 疫苗25.infringement 践踏26.right to live 生存权27.torture 折磨28.anti-science 反科学的29.life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病30.scientific gains 科学成果31.an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题32.evolution 进化puter simulation 电脑模拟34.groundless 没有理由的35.humane 人道的36.medical technology 医疗技术37.anatomy 解剖38.equal 公平的39.unreliable 不可信赖的40.valid 有效的、正当的六、雅思分类词汇：社会经济类1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkableimprovement/ steady growth of people's living standard3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…9.热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题a controversialissue11.完全不同的观点a totally different argument12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others…13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…18.对…必不可少be indispensableto …19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:20.…也不例外…be no exception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation27. 开阔眼界widen one's horizon/ broaden one's vision28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychologicalburden30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration31. 从另一个角度from another perspective32.做出共同努力make joint efforts33. 对…有益be beneficial / conducive to…34.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…36.综合素质comprehensivequality37.无可非议blameless / beyond reproach38.加大了…的可能性increase the chances of39.致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to…40. 应当承认Admittedly,41.不可推卸的义务unshakable duty42. 满足需求satisfy/ meet the needs of…43.可靠的信息源a reliablesource of information44.宝贵的自然资源valuable natural resources45.因特网the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I46.方便快捷convenient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面in all aspects of human life48.环保(的)environmental protection / environmentally friendly49.社会进步的体现a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51.对这一问题持有不同态度hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人people / those in favor of the former/ latteropinion53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上to some extent/ degree / in some way55. 理论和实践相结合integratetheory with practice56. …必然趋势a n irresistible trend of…57.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益immediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益. interest in the long run60.…有其自身的优缺点… has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages61.扬长避短Exploit to the full one's favorableconditions and avoid unfavorable ones62.取其精髓，去其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs.63.对…有害do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65.跟上…的最新发展keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth.67.…的健康发展the healthy development of …68.有利有弊Every coin has its two sides.(不推荐用……)No garden without weeds.69.对…观点因人而异Views on …vary from person to person.70.重视attach great importance to…71.社会地位social status72.把时间和精力放在…上focus time and ene rgy on…73.扩大知识面expand one's scopeof knowledge74.身心两方面both physically and mentally75.有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…76. 提出折中提议set forth a compromise proposal77. 可以取代―think‖的词believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担relievestress/ burden79.优先考虑/发展… give (top)priority to sth.80.与…比较compared with…/ in comparison with81. 相反in contrast / on the contrary.82.代替replace/ substitute / take the place of 大写)83.经不起推敲cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water84.提供就业机会offer job opportunities85. 社会进步的反映mirror of social progress86.毫无疑问Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…87.增进相互了解enhance/ promote mutualunderstanding88.充分利用make full use of / take advantage of89.承受更大的工作压力suffer from heavier work pressure90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society91.更多地强调put more emphasis on…92.适应社会发展adapt oneself to the development of society93.实现梦想realize one's dream/ make one's dream come true94. 主要理由列举如下The main reasons are listed as follows:95. 首先First，Firstly，In the first place, To begin with96.其次Second, Secondly, In the second place97. 再次Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore98. 最后Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,99. 总而言之All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word, 100.我们还有很长的路要走We still have a long way to go七、雅思分类词汇：媒体类一1.paparazzi 狗仔队2.mass media 大众媒体3.entertainment 娱乐4.journalism 新闻业5.journal 期刊6.the latest news 最新消息7.exclusive news 独家新闻8.news agency 新闻社9.news blockout 新闻封锁10.news censorship 新闻审查11.freedom of the press 新闻自由12.coverage 新闻报道13.do reportage on …报导…14.hit the headlines 上头条15.issue 出版、发行16.newsstand 报摊17.free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人18.chief editor 总编19.editorial 社论20.newsworthy 值得报道的21.barometer 晴雨表22.the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表23.live broadcast 直播24.quiz show 智力竞争节目25.game show 游戏节目26.variety show 综合节目27.talk show 脱口秀28.sitcom 情景喜剧29.soap opera 肥皂剧30.movie star 电影明星31.movie king 影帝32.movie queen 影后33.affair 绯闻34.celebrity 名人35.fame 名声36.rise to fame 声名鹊起37.fan 粉丝38.invade one's privacy 侵扰了…的隐私39.misleading 误导性的40.cheating 欺骗性的41.popularity 知名度42.scandal 丑闻43.sensational 轰动的44.prevalent 普遍的、流行的45.imperative 重要的、必要的46.audience ratings 收视率47.propaganda 宣传48.be abducted by 受…诱导49.purify one's soul 净化心灵50.live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中51.be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰52.meet different tastes 满足不同口味53.provide somebody with something 给…提供…54.follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚mit crimes 犯罪56.be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的57.impressive 给人印象深刻的58.right to know 知情权59.in the disguise of … 打着…的幌子60.endanger social stability and safety八、雅思分类词汇：危害社会稳定和安全媒体类二information era 信息时代2.keep one informed about something 使人们了解…3.audience/viewers 观众4.have unhealthy and harmful effects on… 对…有不良影响rmation-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会6.influential 有影响的7.revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式8.blessing 福9.curse 祸10.various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目11.poor-quality programs 低质量节目12.ever-accelerated 不断发展的13.exaggerate 夸张14.enjoyable 令人享受的15.fashionable 时尚的16.electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射17.psychological illnesses 心理疾病18.isolated 孤僻的19.unimaginative 缺乏想象力的20.unsociable 不好社交的21.deprive somebody of one's imagination and creativity 使…丧失了想象力和创造力22.jeopardize one's health 危害健康23.be exposed to… 了解到…接触到…24.find its way into every family 进入千家万户25.global village 地球村26.be indulged in… 沉溺于…27.be addicted to … 对…上瘾28.be fascinated by … 被…所吸引29.be dependent on … 依赖…30.second-hand information 二手信息31.go astray 误入歧途32.embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路33.irresistible 无法抵制的34.hallmark 标志35.create topics of discussion 制造交谈话题36.critical thinking 批判性思维37.powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具38.main cause 主因39.tempting 有诱惑力的40.reliable 可靠的41.family attachment 家庭归属感42.mutual understanding 相互了解43.alienation of affection 感情疏远44.be sick of … 对…厌倦45.generation gap 代沟46.exchanges of feelings 感情交流47.emotional bond 感情纽带48.strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系49.be detached from reality 与现实隔绝50.distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非51.edifying 有教育意义的52.couch potato 电视迷53.be harmful to … 对…有害54.imitate 模仿55.inexpressible 难以形容的56.physical and mental health 身心健康57.stimulate one's imagination and creativity 激发某人想象力和创造力58.unwholesome lifestyle. 不健康的生活方式59.a great deal of information 大量的信息60.disinteresting 令人索然无味的九、雅思分类词汇：工作类ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的2.adaptability 适应性3.adapt oneself to … 使自己适应…4.prosperity 繁荣5.be disadvantageous to … 对…不利6.flow of personnel 人才流动7.mechanism of personnel flow 人才流动机制8.survival of the fittest 适者生存9.a sense of accomplishment 成就感10.potentiality 潜能11.learn to cooperate and comprise 学习合作和妥协12.be deeply impressed with … 对…印象很深pany philosophy 企业文化14.flexibility 灵活性petitive 竞争激烈的16.arena 舞台17.team-work spirit 团队合作精神18.treasure opportunity 珍惜机会19.a fat salary 收入颇丰20.a harmonious interpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系21.a sense of responsibility 责任感22.material gains 物质待遇23.promising future 光明的前途24.bright prospect 光明的前景25.a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作26.turning point 转折点227.be closely related to … 与…息息相关28.get advanced in the society 出人头地29.a decent job 一份体面的工作30.chance of promotion升迁机会31.stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感32.keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使技能可以不断更新33.expand one's horizon 开阔视野34.balance work and life 平衡工作和生活35.from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族36.shoulder/undertake one's responsibility 承担起自己的责任37.upgrade oneself 提升自我38.a well-paid job 高收入工作39.creative work 创造性工作40.stand up to / meet the challenge 迎接挑战41.realize the value of life 实现人生价值42.enrich one's social experience 丰富一个人的社会阅历43.cultivate one's independence and toughness 培养自己的独立性和坚韧性44.seek for personal development 追求个人发展45.display one's talent 展示才能46.a sense of self-fulfillment 自我实现感47.promotion opportunity 提升机会48.meet one's personalized needs 满足某人个性化需求49.define one's role 确定自己的角色50.social recognition 社会认可51.accumulate experience 获取经验52.inspiring 鼓舞人心的53.motivation 动机54.workaholic 工作狂55.working environment 工作环境56.work overtime 加班57.improve one's capabilities 提高某人能力58.develop one's talents 培养才智59.ideal workplace 理想工作场所60.master interpersonal skills十、雅思分类词汇：掌握人际交往技能交通类1.automobile industry 汽车工业2.boost the economic development 促进经济发展3.levy the tax 征税4.modernization 现代化5.be viewed as … 被视为是…6.be concerned about … 对…担忧/关注…7.pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料8.luxury 奢侈品9.chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒10.fill… with … 使…充斥着11.popularization of cars 汽车普及y more emphasis on… 把重心放在…13.observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则14.break traffic regulations 违反交通规则15.get struck in traffic 遇上堵车16.rush hour 上下班高峰时间17.ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力18.pedestrian 行人19.pavement 人行道20.zebra crossing 斑马线21.overspeed 超速行驶22.bottleneck 交通堵塞地区23.settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律24.impose restrictions on … 对…实施限制25.short-sighted 目光短浅的26.non-renewable resources 不可再生资源27.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳28.a pillar industry 支柱产业29.make full use of … 充分利用30.road networks 公路网31.speed limits 限速32.enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量33.pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价34.promote the development of relative industries 促进相关产业发展35.traffic engineering 交通运输工程36.the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量37.call for … 需要…38.overcrowded 过度拥挤的39.violator 违规者40.headache 令人头痛的事41.traffic accidents 交通事故42.head-way 进展43.conflict with … 与…相冲突44.major cause 主要原因45.be replaced by … 被…所取代46.provide convenience for … 为…提供便利47.curb… 限制…48.dilemma 进退两难49.encourage somebody to do something鼓励某人去做某事50.energy-saving 节能的400-080-6358。

雅思写作常见修饰词雅思作常用单单写--常用的形容单和副单荒唐的absurd上单的addictive有感情的affectionate有上单心的aggressive敏单的～警的惕alert单单的 arduous单单的artistic单威性的authoritative 单的尬awkward平衡的balanced使人信服的cogent冷血的cold-blooded无情的cold-hearted富有同情心的compassionate兼容的compatible单单的complicated 自信的confident可鄙的contemptible有单的献contributive 腐单的corrupt美味可口的delicious要求高的demanding单得要的 describle有害的detrimental 偏正道的离devious不光彩的dishonorable 受到干单的disturbed古怪的eccentric单单的 economical单明的～文明的enlightened 邪单的evil异国的exotic荒单的fallacious单的髦fashionable 可行的feasible虚假的fictitious灵活多单的flexile有成效的fruitful富有魅力的glamorous单煌的gorgeous人道的humane无单的～无知的ignorant(of)令人印象深刻的impressive天生的inborn不单和的incompatible不和适宜的incompatible不可思单的inconceivable 不妥的～不单点的indecent 冷漠的indifferent不可或缺的indispensable取之不的尽inexhaustible 单染性的infectious低人一等的inferior;身,弱的体infirm有影力的响influential 根深固的蒂ingrain不人道的inhumane首先initially多管单事的innocent有害无益inquisitive有育意单的教insalubrious 智力的instructive 中单的～单渡的intellectual 人单单系的interim密切的interpersonal 不可侵犯的intimate内在的inviolable不可挽回的inward不可抵抗的irreparable 不可挽回的irresistible 单人的irritating 隔单的isolated(from) 可单的誉laudable大方的lavishly合法的legitimate忠单的loyal奢侈的luxurious单宏大量的magnanimous 成熟的mature单单的misleading不如单述的叙misrepresented向单看的money-oriented单方面的multilateral 有单单的nourished晦单的obscure单单的old-fashioned/out of date美味的palatable危单的perilous单容的～单可的permissive有害无益的pernicious色情的pornographic 潜在的potential 单单的～单单的practical单惠的preferential 单迫的pressing占主单地位的～流行的prevailing单单的 professional繁单昌盛的prosperous明智的 prudent心理上psychological 理性的rational 单怒的resentful相反的reverse单得的rewarding荒单的ridiculous单格的rigid粗略的 rough自卑的self-contemptuous破不堪的旧shabby受保单的sheltered好交单的sociable唯一的sole单格的stern/strict 有单力的stressful 单单的stringent单的髦stylish表面单象的superficial 吸引人的tempting久享盛名的time-honored 单单的traditional 典型的typical 单率的unadvised不妥单的uncompromising冷漠的unconcerned 不自在的uneasy不道德的unethical冷漠的unfeeling不健康的unhealthy同一单准的unified独特的unique不公平的unjust肆无忌单的unscrupulous不善于社交的unsociable 不和适宜的untimely不健康的unwholesome 完全～单单地utterly令人单单的vexing形象的vivid自愿的voluntary易受单害的vulnerable有充足理由的well-grounded健康的wholesome。

Unit 147.inherit41.acquire1.adolescence48.interact42.develop2.adulthood49.nurture43.gesture3.bond50.play a role44.grow4.brotherhood51.relate to45.imitate5.character46.look back6.childhood Unit 247.master7.conflict 1.ability48.mature8.connection 2.adolescent49.remember9.fatherhood 3.behavior50.remind10.friendship 4.childhood51.reminisce11.instinct 5.concept52.throw a tantrum12.interaction 6.consequence53.visualize13.motherhood7.gesture54.typically14.nature8.growth55.bear in mind15.parent9.height56.broaden the mid16.relation10.imagination57.have sth in mind/have sth17.relationship11.infancy on your mind18.relative12.infant58.it slipped my mind19.resemblance13.knowledge59.keep an open mind20.rivalry14.maturity60.my mind went blank21.sibling15.memory61.put your mind at easeestone23.temperament17.mind Unit324.ties18.peers 1.allergy25.upbringing19.period 2.anxiety26.active role20.phase 3.appetite27.extended family21.rate 4.artery28.family gathering22.reminder 5.asset29.immediate family23.social skills 6.benefit30.maternal instinct24.skill7.craving31.sibling rivalry25.stage8.depression32.stable upbringing26.toddler9.diagnosis33.striking resemblance27.transition10.diet34.close28.abstract11.dietician35.close-knit29.cognitive12.disease36.maternal30.clumsy13.(eating) disorder37.parental31.fond14.exercise38.rewarding32.fully -grown15.factor39.stable33.immature16.fast food40.accommodate34.independent17.fat41.adopt35.irresponsible18.harm42.break down36.mature19.health43.develop37.patient20.heart attack44.endure38.rebellious21.infection45.establish39.significant22.ingredients46.have sth in common40.tolerate23.insomnia24.intake46.improve25.junk food Unit447.motivate26.muscle 1.activity48.participate27.nutrient 2.aspect49.regret28.nutrition 3.attitude50.relax29.obesity 4.(achieve)balance51.satisfy30.onset petition52.lead a happy life31.portion 6.creativity53.live life on the edge32.risk7.daily routine54.live life to the full33.serving8.desire55.make a choice34.stress9.disappointment56.make a decision35.stroke10.experience57.make a living36.treatment11.fulfillment58.meet a need37.therapy12.goal59.miss(an opportunity)38.variety13.hobby60.paly a role39.weight14.insight61.put pressure on40.acute15.leisure62.set (a goal)41.allergic16.lifestyle63.take part (in)42.alternate17.optimist64.work hard for a living43.brisk18.outlook65.all walks of life44.chronic19.opportunity66.cost of living45.harmful20.personality67.lifelong ambition46.healthy21.pessimist68.living expense47.infectious22.priority69.once in a life opportunity48.moderate23.pressure70.standard of living49.obese24.realist71.way of life50.overweight25.risk -taker72.Unit 551.persistent26.self-expression73.assignment52.regular27.sense74.college53.vital28.active75.controversy54.avoid29.bored76.curriculum55.counteract30.confused77.dissertationcation57.cure32.intense79.exam58.diminish33.materialistic80.field59.disrupt34.negative81.findings60.eliminate35.outdoor82.funding61.maintain36.positive83.grade62.overdo37.recreational84.graduation63.overeat38.successful85.grant64.prevent39.achieve86.high school65.recommend40.appeal87.homework66.recover41.attract88.junior school67.reduce42.choose89.kindergarten68.skip43.express90.learning disorder69.stimulate44.enjoy91.lecturer70.trigger45.fulfill92.library93.limits munication for94.Masters 3.concept49.needless to say95.nursery 4.conjecture50.have a say96.PhD 5.dialect51.when all is said and done97.primary school 6.fluency52.having said that98.program7.gesture53.to say the least99.project8.hesitation54.you can say that again 100. nguage55.that is to say101. nguage barrier102. results11.linguist Unit 7103. scholarship12.linguistics 1.accommodation104. scope13.means of communication 2.attraction105. secondary school14.mother tongue munity106. source15.native speaker 4.countryside107. syllabus16.pronunciation 5.destination108. task17.sign language 6.eco-tiourism109. theory18.vocabulary7.effect110. thesis19.incoherent8.facilities111. tutor20.inherent9.identification112. topic21.sophisticated10.inhabitant113. university22.spontaneous11.itinerary114. academic23.clarify12.journey115. ndscape116. prehend14.luggage117. postgraduate26.conclude15.peak118. relevant27.confirm16.tourism119. senior28.converse17.tourist120. single-sex29.define18.transport121. studious30.demonstrate19.travel122. work -related31.distinguish20.traveling123. adopt32.emerge21.trend124. analyse33.evolve22.trip125. conduct34.explain23.village126. concentrate35.express24.adventurous127. consider36.gesture25.budget128. find out37.illustrate26.breathtaking129. graduate38.imply27.coastal130. learn39.indicate28.cosmopolitan131. organise40.pronounce29.diverse132. overcome41.recall30.flexible133. review42.refer31.foreign134. revise43.signify32.local135. struggle44.state33.luxurious136. take (a course)45.stutter34.mountainous46.suggest35.peacefulUnit 647.translate36.picturesque1.accuracy48.there is nothing to be said37.polluted38.quaint34.spend time81.resistant39.remote35.take so long82.semi-arid40.rough36.the right time83.tropical41.rural37.chronologically84.vulnerable42.scenic38.formerly85.wild43.stunning39.previously86.adaptbat45.traditional41.Unit 988.cultivate46.unspoilt42.agriculture89.eradicate47.urban43.animal kingdom90.evolve48.affect44.burrow91.hibernate49.fluctuate45.climate92.tolerate46.cropsUnit 847.decline Unit 101.age48.den 1.asteroid2.archaeologist49.disaster 2.astronaut3.century50.ecological 3.atmosphere4.decade51.ecology 4.cosmos5.era52.evolution 5.crater6.evidence53.extinction 6.debris7.excavation54.fauna7.Earth8.generation55.flora8.exploration9.the Middle Ages56.genetics9.explorerlennia57.habitat10.galaxy11.period58.human nature11.gas12.phase59.insect12.gravity13.pioneer60.Mother Nature13.horizonunch15.ancient62.predator15.meteor16.chronological63.prey16.moon17.consecutive64.repercussion17.ocean18.historical65.scent18.orbit19.imminent66.species19.outer space20.middle -aged67.soil20.planet21.nostalgic68.vegetation21.radiation22.prehistoric69.vermin22.rocket23.prior (to)70.weed23.satellite24.punctual71.arid24.simulator25.time -consuming72.catastrophic25.solar system26.erode73.disastrous26.space27.infer74.domesticated27.spacecraft28.predate75.endangered28.space shuttle29.span76.extinct29.space station30.in time77.genetically -modified30.surface31.lose track of time78.introduce31.universe32.on time79.native32.weightlessness33.save mercial34.cosmic22.residence69.maintain35.extreme23.skyscraper70.occupy36.gravitational24.staircase71.reconstruct37.horizontal25.steel72.renovate38.inevitable26.storage73.support39.lunar27.structure74.trigger40.meteoric28.tension41.outer29.timber Unit 1242.solar30.airy 1.automatic pilot43.terrestrial31.conventional puterisation44.toxic32.cosy 3.connection45.uninhabitable33.cramped 4.data46.universal34.curved 5.device47.unmanned35.disposable 6.function48.acclimatise36.domestic7.gadget49.colonise37.exterior8.the Internet50.explore38.functional9.key-board51.float39.futuristic10.keypadptop53.propel41.innovative12.the latest54.rotate42.internal13.memory55.sustain43.mass-produced14.monitor56.simulate44.modern15.patent57.undergo45.multi -storey16.program46.old -fashioned17.prototypeunit 1147.ornate18.remote control1.balcony48.prefabricated19.silicon chip2.brick49.single-storey20.technology3.building50.spacious21.telecommunications4.ceiling51.state-of-the-art22.vision5.concrete52.traditional23.wireless connection6.construction53.two pactputerised8.design55.ultra -modern26.cutting -edge9.device56.activate27.cyber10.elevator57.automate28.dated11.engineering58.build29.digitalbour -saving13.gadget60.construct31.portable14.housing61.decorate32.state -of-the-art15.innovation62.demolish33.up-to -dateer-friendlyndmark64.develop35.virtual18.lift shaft65.devise36.wireless connection19.occupant66.haul37.access20.platform67.hoist38.connect21.quarry68.invent39.download40.display37.global84.catastrophic41.envisage38.local85.crowded42.operate39.long-term86.decent43.revolutionize40.mid -term87.developing44.scroll41.multicultural88.double -edged45.speculate42.productive89.isolated46.store43.sceptical90.one-sided47.surpass44.short -term91.long -sighted48.automatically45.subsequent92.long -term46.wealthy93.overpriced Unit 1347.worldwide94.overworkedpound95.pressing2.brand49.contribute96.rural3.culture50.decline97.short -sighted4.cycle51.diminish98.short -term5.demographics52.dominate99.staggering6.development53.dwindle100. tolerant7.diversity54.factor101. address8.globalization55.indicate102. adjust9.hindsight56.merge103. aggravate10.icon57.migrate104. cause11.identity58.Unit14105. compete12.implication59.benefit106. compound13.impact60.challenge107. deal ithpromise108. deteriorate15.influence62.difficulty109. enhance16.industry63.dilemma110. exacerbate17.isolation64.inhabitant111. exclude18.joint venture65.infrastructure112. face19.(have a) monopoly66.isolation113. flourish20.market67.issue114. identity21.modernisation68.megacity115. improve22.multiculturalism69.migrant116. include23.percentage70.obstacle117. linger24.population71.overpopulation118. modify25.prediction72.population119. overcome26.projection73.poverty120. present27.proportion74.resolution121. raise28.rate75.setback122. reform29.statistics76.slum123. regulate30.trend77.solution124. remedy31.ageing78.tolerance125. resolve32.current79.traffic126. tackle33.demographic80.urbanisation127. tolerate34.elderly81.adequate128. transform35.ethnic82.basic129. worsen36.exotic83.booming130. find a solution131. overcome a difficulty42.insoluble20.alternative 132. reach/find a compromise43.irreparable21.critical133. remedy a situation44.irreversible22.disposable 134. resolve an issue45.liable23.critical46.life -threatening24.disposable Unit 1547.pervasive25.drastic1.acid rain48.pointless26.eco-friendly2.biodiversity49.pristine27.efficient3.climate change50.questionable28.effective4.contamination51.recyclable29.environmentally5.deforestation52.sustainable30.nuclear6.disposal53.taxing31.rechargeable7.drought54.unattainable32.renewable8.ecosystem55.unlikely33.solar9.emission56.unprecedented34.unleaded10.the eless35.absorb11.erosion58.viable36.conserve12.exhaust59.vital37.consume13.fertilizer60.worthwhile38.convert14.flood61.confront39.counter15.food chain62.contaminate40.deplete16.fumes63.dispose of41.diminish17.greenhouse gases64.dump42.discharge18.impact65.threaten43.dwindle19.pollution66.inexorably44.emit20.process67.inevitably45.expend21.strain46.limit22.threat Unit 1647.maintain23.waste 1.atmosphere48.outweigh24.achievable 2.balance49.preserve25.advantageous 3.biofuel50.retain26.at risk 4.carbon51.waste27.beneficial 5.carbon dioxide28.chronic 6.crisis Unit 1729.conceivable7.electricity 1.advertisement30.contaminated8.emissions 2.advertising31.devastating9.exhaust 3.boss32.doubtful10.fossil fuel 4.campaign33.environmental11.fuel 5.candidate34.environmentally friendly12.gas 6.career35.feasible13.greenhouse gas7.clerk36.fruitless14.hybrid8.client37.futile15.hydrogen9.colleaguepany39.impracticable17.resource11.consumer40.improbable18.turbine12.credibility41.in danger of19.vehicle13.customer14.earnings61.hospitality29.prosecutor15.employment62.monotonous30.protection16.experience63.part -time31.punishment17.goods64.retail32.recklessness18.income65.redundant33.smuggling19.industry66.rewarding34.social system20.interview67.unemployed35.swearing21.job68.unskilled36.the accused22.job satisfaction69.apply37.toxic wstepete38.vandalism24.management71.earn39.victim25.manual work72.endorse40.violation26.market73.invest in41.criminal27.marketing74.persuade42.drug -related28.meeting75.to be promted43.evil29.money76.request44.guilty30.niche77.retire45.harsh31.occupation46.innocent32.office Unit 1847.intentional33.overtime w -abiding34.packaging 2.arson49.non -violent35.pay 3.authority50.offensive36.perk 4.burglary51.on trial37.product 5.consequences52.petty38.profession 6.convict53.punishable39.prospect7.crime54.random40.qualification8.crime rate55.strict41.retirement9.criminal56.unintentional42.salary10.deterrent57.victimless43.shares11.evidence58.abide by44.shift work12.fine59.abolishbat46.staff14.imprisonment61.deter47.supervisor15.inequality62.enforce48.takeover16.intent63.imprison49.target17.intrusion64.monitor50.trade18.judge65.obey51.trend19.jury66.offend52.unemployment20.kidnapping67.perpetratewyer68.prevent54.workforce22.motive69.protect55.workplace23.murder70.prove56.casual24.offence71.punish57.demanding25.pickpocketing72.resent58.economic26.prevention73.respect59.economical27.prison74.violate60.exhausting28.property crime75.accept the consequencesmit a crime41.attention grabbing14.crafts77.convict a criminal42.biased15.creation78.impose a fine43.celebrity16.culture79.pass a law44.controversial17.emotion80.solve a crime45.distorted18.exhibition46.entertaining19.expressionUnit 1947.factual20.festivalrmative21.gallery2.attitude49.intrusive22.image3.author50.investigative23.imagination4.bias51.mainstream24.influence5.censorship52.pervasive25.inspiration6.challenge53.realistic26.intimacy7.credibility54.sensationalist27.literature8.current affairs55.superficial28.mood9.editor56.unbiased29.musician10.expose57.well -informed30.opera11.exposure58.affect31.orchestra12.fame59.broadcast32.panting13.free press60.censor33.performance14.ideology61.control34.the performing arts15.influence62.exploit35.play16.the Internet63.expose36.portraitrm37.proportion18.issue65.intrude38.reflection19.journal66.invade39.response20.journalism67.investigate40.sculptor21.mass media68.publicize41.sculpture22.media69.publish42.stimuluswork70.report43.style24.the news71.review44.taste25.newspaper72.verify45.theater26.newsstand46.theme27.opinion Unit 2047.venue28.paparazzi 1.actor48.works29.press 2.actress49.writer30.publication 3.aesthetic50.abstract31.publicity 4.appreciation51.accomplished32.publisher 5.artefact52.aesthetic33.relevance 6.artist53.burgeoning34.safeguard7.atmosphere54.classical35.source8.audience55.creative36.speculation9.ballerina56.cultural37.tabloid10.ballet57.distracting38.the Web11.carving58.eclectic39.alternative12.conception59.electric40.artificial13.concert60.emotional61.fundamental62.imaginative63.influential64.inspirational65.interactive66.literacy67.live68.magical69.monotonous70.mundane71.passionate72.popular73.prominent74.relaxing75.stimulating76.visual77.vivid78.choreograph79.create80.depict81.enrich82.escape83.imagine84.influence85.inspire86.participate87.perform88.provoke89.transcend。

以下是雅思分类7分必背词汇大集合，这些词汇涵盖了学术类和普通培训类的阅读、写作和听力四个部分。

请注意，这只是一个大集合，具体的词汇可能会根据不同的主题和场景有所不同。

阅读部分：1. Vastly: 极大地2. Fascinating: 迷人的3. Diverse: 各种各样的4. Exotic: 异国情调的5. Biodiversity: 生物多样性6. Ecosystem: 生态系统7. Subtropical: 亚热带的8. Biodiversity hotspot: 生物多样性热点地区9. Botanist: 植物学家10. Hypothesis: 假设写作部分：1. Argumentative essay: 议论文2. Problem and solution essay: 问题与解决方案类文章3. Persuasive essay: 说服性文章4. Informative essay: 信息性文章5. Definition essay: 定义类文章6. Expository essay: 说明文7. Narrative essay: 叙事文8. Cause and effect essay: 因果关系类文章9. Compare and contrast essay: 比较和对比类文章10. Classification essay: 分类文章听力部分：1. Accommodation: 住宿2. Transportation: 交通3. Dining: 餐饮4. Entertainment: 娱乐5. Safety and security: 安全与保障6. Medical care: 医疗保健7. Shopping: 购物8. Finance and budgeting: 财务与预算9. Visa and immigration issues: 签证与移民问题10. Academic life: 学术生活口语部分：1. Fascinating place: 迷人的地方2. Interesting person: 有趣的人3. Thrilling experience: 激动人心的经历4. Innovative technology: 创新技术5. Breathtaking natural phenomenon: 令人惊叹的自然现象6. Exciting event: 令人兴奋的事件7. Adorable pet: 可爱的宠物8. Convincing argument: 有说服力的观点9. Thrilling game/movie/book/music/performance: 激动人心的游戏/电影/书籍/音乐/演出。

2024年高考英语插入语练习题30题1. Tom, honestly, is a very hardworking student.HonestlyTrulyFranklySincerely答案：Honestly。

“honestly”在这里作为插入语，表示“诚实地说”。

“Truly”意思是“真正地”；“Frankly”是“坦率地”；“Sincerely”是“真诚地”，它们的意思与“honestly”不同，且在这个语境中不合适。

2. The book, surprisingly, became a bestseller.SurprisinglyAmazinglyAstonishinglyShockingly答案：surprisingly。

“surprisingly”作为插入语表示“令人惊讶地”。

“Amazingly”是“令人惊奇地”；“Astonishingly”是“惊人地”；“Shockingly”是“令人震惊地”，虽然意思相近，但在这个语境中“surprisingly”更恰当。

3. She, fortunately, escaped unharmed.fortunatelyLuckilyHappilyThankfully答案：fortunately。

“fortunately”作为插入语表示“幸运地”。

“Luckily”也是“幸运地”；“Happily”是“高兴地”；“Thankfully”是“感激地”，在这个语境中“fortunately”最合适。

4. The concert, unfortunately, was cancelled.unfortunatelyRegrettablySadlyUnhappily答案：unfortunately。

“unfortunately”作为插入语表示“不幸地”。

“Regrettably”是“令人遗憾地”；“Sadly”是“悲伤地”；“Unhappily”是“不开心地”，在这个语境中“unfortunately”更准确。

雅思阅读判断题解题技巧雅思阅读判断题解题技巧雅思成绩被英国、爱尔兰以及澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、南非等英联邦的许多教育机构，以及越来越多的美国教育机构及各种各样的专业组织接受。

下面是关于雅思阅读判断题解题技巧，希望大家认真阅读!一. 题型特点判断题基本属于细节题，主要考察句子理解。

在对C4到C8这5本真题集的.20套雅思阅读考试真题统计后，我们发现：1. 选TRUE(YES)的概率41.4%，大于FALSE(NO)的概率32.4%。

大于NOT GIVEN的概率26.2%2. 首题选NOT GIVEN的概率很小，为13.6%二. 命题要点FALSE(NO)1. 题目与原文有一组反义词(易)eg.题干：17. Current thinking on humor has largely ignored Aristotle's view on the subject.对应原文：But most modern humor theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle's belief.(C5 / T2 / RP2)答案：FALSE考点：ignore(题干)与settle on(原文)反义2. 题干驳斥原文的表达(难)eg.题干：36. The most important scientific development of the Renaissance period was the discovery of magnetism.对应原文：At the time of Renaissance, the most importantscientific revolution of them all - the new theories of astronomy and the movement of the Earth in relation to the planets and stars.(C5 / T2 / RP3)答案：FALSE考点：原文提到文艺复兴时最重要的科学发现是天文学，而题干说是磁力。

identify雅思口语1. Identify雅思口语？那可太重要了，就像航海时找到灯塔一样。

比如说我有个他想出国留学，雅思口语不过关，就像鸟儿缺了翅膀飞不远。

雅思口语就像是打开国外学校大门的一把特殊钥匙，没有它，你只能在门外干着急。

3. Identify雅思口语就如同探索神秘的宝藏。

你想想看，那些宝藏藏得很深，雅思口语里的要点也是。

像我隔壁的姐姐，她一开始对雅思口语一头雾水，后来认真钻研后发现，哇塞，原来里面这么多有趣的话题可以发挥，就像挖到了宝藏似的兴奋。

4. 雅思口语要identify？这就好比是在陌生的城市里找路。

我曾经辅导过一个学生，他完全不知道从哪里下手。

这时候，弄清楚雅思口语的评分标准就像拿到了城市地图，知道该往哪儿走才能到达目的地——高分。

5. Identify雅思口语这简直就是打造专属自己的语言小宇宙。

比如说，在描述自己的爱好时，不能只是简单说说，而是要像厨师做菜一样，精心调味，让考官听了垂涎欲滴。

我认识一个烤鸭（考雅思的人），他把自己对摄影的热爱说得绘声绘色，就像展开了一幅美丽的画卷。

6. 雅思口语，你要是不identify它，那就像蒙着眼睛走路。

我室友就是这样，开始没搞懂雅思口语到底要啥，结果考试的时候说得乱七八糟。

但是当他真正明白后，就像开了窍，说得头头是道，那感觉就像突然从黑暗走进了光明。

7. Identify雅思口语，就像给大脑装上超级导航系统。

我有个发小，他一提到雅思口语就头疼，感觉那些话题像一团乱麻。

可是一旦掌握了答题思路，就像导航指引着正确方向，每个话题都能轻松应对，仿佛所有的道路都畅通无阻了。

8. 雅思口语怎么identify呢？这就像交朋友一样，得用心去了解。

我在雅思备考群里遇到一个小伙伴，他最初对雅思口语很抵触，觉得那些考官很严厉。

但当他试着去理解雅思口语的本质，就像打开心扉交朋友一样，发现其实并没有那么可怕，反而还挺有趣的。

9. Identify雅思口语这可是一场自我展示的大舞台。

雅思剑桥阅读词汇（1）★剑桥三P691.raise the spirits 使得人的情绪高涨2.under full-spectrum lamps 在灯下3.fluorescent and tungsten lights 荧光灯和钨光灯4.it is generally believe that 人们相信5.there is no doubt that 无疑6.street riots 街头暴力7.slow down 降低8.distract from 使得分散精力9.conduct study 进行试验10.become less skeptical 不那样怀疑11.hormone level 荷尔蒙水平12.* melatonin 褪黑色素13.pineal gland 脑部的松果腺14.put on more weight 增加了体重15.skeptics might say that 怀疑者也许会说16.put sb in a better mood 使某人的情绪很好17.is borne out by 被证实（bear out 证实）18.be on edge 紧张19.serotonin 复合胺20.irritable 易怒的21.aggressive 富于侵略性22.hamsters 小白鼠23.time cues 时间★剑桥三P881.suffragette movement 妇女争取选举权2.bring cohesion and focus 带来了凝聚力和工作的重心3.membership 成员4.desert 退出5.limited communications 有限的通讯设配6.stretch to 延伸到7.play a vital role in 发挥重要的作用8.fund-raising events 筹款活动9.return a profit 带来了利润10.like-minded commercial enterprises 观点相似的商业机构11.12.provide another money-making opportunity 提供了另外的赚钱机会13.provide sufficient funds 提供足够的资金14.ice-skating rink 冰场15.campaign banner 运动条幅16.a forthcoming meeting 即将来到的会议17.bully her poor, abused husband 欺负可怜的，受到虐待的丈夫itant 激进的（military force / military target）19.cohesion 团结，凝聚力20.trinket 小装饰物21.suffrage 选举权；投票权22.enfranchise women 给公民选举权23.draw on= call on 利用24.the museum of London 伦敦博物馆25.harridan 形容枯槁的老人26.newsreel 新闻短片27.accessory 附加物；妇女的装饰品28.archive collection 档案文件29.project a corporate identity 表明团体特征30.put women’s suffrage on the political agenda 使得妇女投票权被提上了政治的议程31.exploit 利用雅思剑桥阅读词汇（2）★剑桥三P591.antiquity 古代遗物----original department of antiquity 古文物馆2.ethnography 人种学---the department of ethnography 人种馆3. a separate department 独立部门4.the primary focus of ---- 的焦点5.document 1）记录2）展示3）to document for culture change 记录了文化的改变6.the product of sth ---的产品7.the museum has a vital role to play in providing information on ——to visitors （写作句式）8.the emphasis has been less on sth than on sth 重点在于前而不是在于后9.society’ cultural expressions 社会的文化风貌10.textiles 纺织品11.examples of coracles 小圆舟12.the necessities生活的必须品，生活用品（写作词汇）13.while on the other hand 在另一方面（写作词汇）14.principally for aesthetic value 主要为了美学价值（写作词汇）15.sth could act as ---- not merely for ---- but for ----（写作词汇）16.in collaboration with 与---合作17.a series of acquisition 一系列的收集品/展品18.camel trappings 饰品19.particularly interesting are 尤其有意思的20.collections 展品21.mundane 世俗的22.banal 平庸的23.artefact 艺术品24.approximately大概25.anthropology 1）人类学；2）anthropological 人类的；3）anthropologist人类学者26.assemblage 集会，集合27.ingenuity 独创性----technological ingenuity 技术创新28.ecological 生态的29.disposable 用过就处理的30.assimilation 同化31.irrevocable 不能取消的32.notoriously 臭名昭著的----- notoriously fickle world economy 变化无常的世界经济（写作词汇）33.utilitarian 实用主义的34.aesthetic 美学的35.multicultural 多元文化36.exceptional 非凡的37.marginal communities 边缘社会★剑桥三431.the role of the government 政府的作用------ the government has theinescapable role to play in environmental management 政府在环保方面有责无旁贷的责任（写作句式）2.sth may have damaging environmental impacts 对于环境保护有负面的影响（写作句式）3.subsidize 资助----subsidies 补贴4.scrap＝desert 丢弃5.soil erosion 土壤侵蚀6.diminish the soil’s productivities 减少土地肥力7.convert ---- to 转变成8.meadow 牧场9.World Bank loading 银行贷款10.higher yields 很高的产量11.under the plough (田地)在耕种中12.cause of deforestation 森林砍伐的原因13.contaminate water supplies 污染水源14.fertilizers 化肥15.in less enlightened countries 在一些不开明的国家16.in environmentally friendlier ways 以更加环保的方式17.are sustainable in the long run从长远看是可持续发展的18.vanish 消失19.exploitation 开采pound 增加了21.invested interest 既得利益22.fallow period 耕作期23.treadmill 单调工作24.lethal 致命的25.poison 农药26.crop re sid ues农作物残渣27.over-stocking 过度放牧28.rotate 使旋转----rotate crops 轮种作物29.have the incentive to do sth 有做---的动力★雅思较难的词汇：1.elastic 灵活的＝flexible；弹性的2.epidemic 流行病3.dispenser 自动售货机4.aesthetic 美学的5.disfigure 毁容/ transgfigure6.dissert 论述(dissertation)7.dubious =suspicious 怀疑★剑桥三P191.ingredient 成份----active ingredient 活性成分2.cancer-causing sustatcnaces 致癌物质3.chemical compounds 化合物4.develop fatal medical conditions 患绝症5.cervical caners 子宫癌6.preventable cause of -----可以预防的原因7.smoking, causes a serious health risk 吸烟导致健康危险8.side-stream smoke 吸入侧流烟9.be deposited deep in 被沉淀于10.cardiovascular system 心血管系统11.the effect is far greater on A than on B 影响在于前者不在于后者（写作词汇）12.deliver life-giving oxygen 输送供血的氧气13.blood clot 血块14.platelets 血小板15.leukemia 白血病16.exhale 呼气17.spouse 配偶18.it has been calculated that 据计算（写作词汇）19.to produce substantial adverse effects on 有负面的影响（写作词汇）pensate for 赔偿21.the smoke inhalation 吸烟22.nicotine and other toxins 尼古丁和其它毒素23.have the same impact on 有相同的影响（写作词汇）24.smoke-free work places 禁烟地点★剑桥三P 4330.the role of the government 政府的作用----the government has theinescapable role to play in environmental management 政府在环保方面有责无旁贷的责任（写作句式）31.sth may have damaging environmental impacts 对于环境保护有负面的影响（写作句式）32.subsidize 资助----subsidies 补贴33.scrap＝desert 丢弃34.soil erosion 土壤侵蚀35.diminish the soil’s productivities 减少土地肥力36.convert ---- to 转变成37.meadow 牧场38.world bank leading 银行贷款39.higher yields 很高的产量40.under the plough (田地)在耕种中41.cause of deforestation 森林砍伐的原因42.contaminate water supplies 污染水源43.fertilizers 化肥44.in less enlightened countries 在一些不开明的国家45.in environmentally friendlier ways 以更加环保的方式46.are sustainable in the long run从长远看是可持续发展的47.vanish 消失48.exploitation 开采pound 增加了50.invested interest 既得利益51.fallow period 耕作期52.treadmill 单调工作53.lethal 致命的54.poison 农药55.crop residues农作物残渣56.over-stocking 过度放牧57.rotate 使旋转----rotate crops 轮种作物58.have the incentive to do sth 有做---的动力雅思剑桥阅读词汇（3）★剑桥四P881.the international athletic federation 国际田联2.hurl massive objects 投抛重物3.brief explosive release of energy 短期的爆发力的能量释放4.100-metre sprint 百米短跑5.sprinter 短跑运动员6.endurance events 耐力项目7.set a new world record 创造了世界记录8.genetics 基因9.invoke a adage 引用格言10.appreciably 略微11.tempt athletes 诱惑运动员12.unique complements 独特的成份13.emeritus professors 退休教授14.can go much further 可以做得更好15.impressive improvements 骄人的成绩16.duplicate 复制17.pioneer 倡导18.rate 速度；价格；比率19.a tenth of a second 十分之一秒nd 着地；着陆/ push off 蹬地21.brief intervals 短暂的间歇22.address 强调vitae23.supplements 补品24.minerals 矿物25.biomechanics 生物力学26.to date 到目前plex and unorthodox 复杂的和非正统的28.mathematical simulation 数学模拟29.sawdust 木屑30.foam cushions 泡沫垫子31.be humbled by 被折服32.vexingly 令人懊恼的33.mundane 平凡的34.resourceful 足智多谋的★剑桥四P921.archaeology考古学2.Inuit因纽特人3.the painstaking task 辛苦的任务4.loot掠夺；抢劫5.mixture 混合6.distinguish a from b 区别7.smaller disciplines 更小的学科8.artifact 人造物品9.pot罐10.overlap 重叠11.span of time 时间的跨度12.significant source of information 信息的重要源泉13.dividing line 分界线14.lessen the importance 降低---的重要性15.make statements 作出声明16.conduct experiments 进行试验17.hypothesis 假设18.dwellings 住处19.analyst 分析家；/ analyse 分析20.portrayal 描述21.ethnography 人种学22.coherent 一致的；连贯的23.humanistic 人文主义的★剑桥四P971.allocate 分配2.to be apportioned 被分配3.it now seems quite incredible that 不可思议的是4.exercise personal right 行使个人权力5.formal right 正式权利6.out of public purse 出自于政府的预算7.put another way 换言之8.the exercise of personal autonomy 个人自治9.in respect of 关于10.as a whole 总体上11.clientele 客户12.sustain economic development 维持经济发展13.revelation 显示；启示14.poverty-stricken 贫困的15.indispensable 不可缺少的16.doomsday 世界末日雅思剑桥阅读词汇（4）1.micro-enterprise credit 小型企业贷款；credit programs 贷款计划2.street youth 流浪儿童；street children 流浪儿童3.people who live in difficult circumstances 生活贫困的人4.partner organizations 伙伴组织5.family breakdown and violence 家庭离异和家庭暴力6.bun 小面包7.decent 体面的8.learn the way of keeping money 学习节俭的方式9.allow sb a degree of independence 使得某人有某种程度的自由10.exemplify the effects to 解释说明效果11.entrepreneur 企业家；entrepreneurship 企业家身份；chooseentrepreneurship 选择做生意; support the entrepreneurial dreams 支持创业的梦想12.be essential to 对于-----很重要（写作词汇）13.be more likely to do 更有可能做-----（写作词汇）14.abide by 遵守（写作词汇）15.guardians 监护人16.purchase fixed asset 购买固定资产17.a market stall 市场上的货摊18.range from 从-----到-----变化19.rate have been modest 比率是适度的20.impoverished young people 贫困的年轻人21.the provision of _______can be an effective means to help 提高----是一种有效的方式去-----22.dearth 缺乏23.adventurous play 冒险游戏24.exploitative employment 剥削性的工作25.shine shoe 擦鞋26.are generally involved in unskilled, labour-intensive tasks whichrequire long hours 做一些无需技巧的，长时间的劳动密集性的任务27.participate in domestic tasks 做家务（写作词汇）28.innovative opportunity 新的机会（写作词汇）29.the red cross society 红十字会30.have a major role in 在-----有主要的作用（写作词汇）31.shoe shine kits 擦鞋工具箱剑桥四P651.earth-moving machine移山倒海的机器2.scatter tine ash 分散细灰3.hurl sth into 将----扔进，抛进4.mushroom cloud 蘑菇云5.burges of molten lava 岩浆喷涌6.volcanism 火山作用7.shape the world 塑造了世界8.rift continents 撕裂大陆9.shape the topography 造就了地形10.b asalt 玄武岩11.i ce-caps 冰帽；冰冠12.c rust 地壳13.v olcanic craters 火山口14.w ater vapour 水蒸汽15.a molten core 溶化的核心16.s oft-boiled egg 半熟的鸡蛋17.y olk 蛋黄18.w hile 蛋清19.b ubble 起泡20.o ver the crack 在裂口处21.t he mantle 地幔22.l ike thick treacle 浓稠的蜜糖23.t he form of convection currents 对流的形式24.p lates 板块25.b ump and grind 碰撞磨擦26.o verlap互相重叠27.t hese fracture zones 破碎的地区28.h ot spots 热带地区29.p ut at its simplest 简言之30.s wiftly 迅速地31.m agma 岩浆32.g ranite 花岗岩33.s queeze out 挤出来34.d yke 沟35.s lurping eruption 爆发36.s urge 巨浪；喷涌37.f orth 冒泡38.e xplode 喷发39.b last 爆发40.p umice 浮石41.r ough outline 大致轮廓42.t ectonic plates 地壳板块43.r ing of fire 火山环44.t he Rockies 落基山45.n ot to mention 更别提46.s hell 地壳47.q uiet periods 休眠期48.m olten rock slopping 溶岩的溢出★剑桥四p741.many procedures are available for doing 方式很多2.casual introspection 不经意的反思nguage date 语料4.native speaker of a language 以该语言为母语的人5.provide utterances 提供话语6.properties 特征7.the norm 规范8.enquiry 询问9.child speech 儿童语言rmants 语料提供者rge-scale sample 大规模的样本12.the social setting 社交场合13.consistency 连贯性14.the best investigative techniques 调查技术15.claims 论断16.sound quality 音质17.paradox 自相矛盾18.minimize 使最小话19.ethical objection 道德反对20.attempts can be made to 可以努力去21.stimulate natural language style 激发自然语言风格22.in one’s locality 在一个人的家乡23.non-verbal behaviours 非语言行为24.context 语境25.transcription 记录26.structure sessions 结构回忆27.interview worksheets 面试问题28.questionnaire 调查问卷29.elicit 引出----- be elicited by30.elicitation 诱导方式31.corpus 尸体；语料库32.hypothesis 假设33.derive from 来自于34.take extracts 节选材料35.be supplemented by 被补充雅思剑桥阅读词汇（5）★剑桥五p161.scholarly 学者的2.fine learning 良好的教育3.lexical 词汇的4.middle class 中产阶级5.heyday 全盛时期6.academy 学院7.single-handed 无帮助的8.garret 阁楼9.counting house 会计室10.rickety chair 摇椅11.synthesis 综合12.predecessor 原有事物13.vicissitude 曲折14.lexicographer 词典编写者15.patronage 资助16.shelter 遮掩处17.eccentricity 古怪18.obscurity 默默无闻19.esteem 尊敬20.prevail upon 说服21.folklore 民间传说★剑桥五p861.the marked for tourism 旅游市场2.require initial investment 无需最初的投资3.natural landscape beauty 美丽的自然景色4.indigenous（本土的）people 当地人5.the prime source of tax revenue 主要的税收源泉6. a reliable source of income 收入的稳定来源7.foreign trekkers 外国背包客（trek 艰苦跋涉）8.increase dependence on bought food 增加依赖性9.the physical impact of 实质影响10.maintain terraces and irrigation system 保持梯田和灌溉11.culprit 犯人；罪魁祸首；ernment handouts 政府救济13.employ transient workers 雇用临时工14.repatriate （遣返）most of the profits to their home base 为本国谋求经济利益15.integrate tourism with the local economy 旅游与地方经济结合16.pueblos and reservations 印第安人村落17.ensure that the benefits accrue （自然产生）locally 保证地方经济利益的增加18.reinvigorate（使复兴）local cultures 振兴地方经济19.pottery and jewelry 陶器和珠宝20.erosion 破坏★剑桥五P201.nature or nurture 先天还是后天2.fascinating and disturbing 吸引人的和令人不安的3.from all walks of life 来自生活的各个方面4.feel a personal distaste 感到厌恶5.have a positive effect on 有积极的影响6.experimental set-up 实验方案7. a spectrum of 各种的8.writhing 挣扎9.denounce 谴责10.questions posed by 由---提出的问题11.bring on 招致12.balk at sth 回避13.for the sake of 为了14.psychiatrists 精神病学家15.the overwhelming consensus 一致的意见16.a lunatic fringe 疯子17.account for this vast discrepancy 解释了巨大的差异18.pressured, flustered but cooperative 有压力，很慌乱但是合作的19.built-in animal aggression instinct 内在的动物性攻击性本能20.pent-up primal urge 压抑的原始冲动21.as a remnant of sth 是----的痕迹22.teacher-subject 扮演教师的研究对象23.legitimacy 合理性；正确性24.evoke trust博得了信任25.merge sth with sth 合并26.personal and moral code 个人和道德准则27.forgo one’s sense of perso nal responsibility 放弃个人责任感28.is more plausible 更有说服力29.elucidate 阐明30.at least strongly biases 产生行为倾向雅思剑桥阅读词汇（6）剑桥五P481.world science 科学界2.be dominated by 被统治3.German 德语4.English is probably the most popular global language of science英语大概是最流行的科学语言5.in scientific research 在科学研究领域6.reach a wide international audience 获得广泛的国际读者7.lingua franca 混合语；通用语言8.revival of learning 学习的复兴9.renewed interest 复兴的兴趣10.world exploration 世界探索11.the discovery of magnetism 磁铁的发现12.improvements in cartography 绘图法的进步13.Copernicus 哥白尼14.with enthusiasm 热情地15.promote empirical scientific research 促进经验主义的科学研究16.encyclopedias 百科全书cation textbook 教材18.on the property of light 关于光的性质19.treatise 专题论文20.a concern for secrecy 出于保密的考虑21.be fully exploited by the author 被彻底研究清楚mercial exploitation 商业开发mon practice 普遍的做法24.in cipher 有密码25.deposited in sealed box 放在密封的盒子里26.in an objective and impersonal way 以客观的非个人的方式27.hypothetical entities 假设的实体28.insider language 内部语言29.narrative in style 风格上是叙事的30.was inaugurated 被创立31.linguistic inadequacy of English 英语语言上的缺陷32.enjoy substantial lexical growth33.was instituted to do 被任命去做34.prominence 重要性，显著35.the European renaissance 文艺复兴36.encourage the development of suitable writing style 鼓励规范的写作风格pass 指南针38.publicize 推广，宣传39.popular science 大众科学40.perversely 过分地41.secrecy 秘密42.precisely 精确地43.cling to 依靠，坚持44.monograph 专著，专论45.curator of experiment 实验管理者46.curator 馆长，管理者47.transcript of oral demonstration 口头演示48.transaction 公报；学报49.focused accounts 有重点的描述50.momentum 动力；势力；势头51.privileged 享有特权的雅思剑桥阅读词汇（7）剑桥五P671.be eroded 被侵蚀2.sediment 沉淀物3.scour 冲刷4.blame sth on sb 归咎于5.nutrient-rich soil 营养丰富的土地6.dispense with 免除7.pick up silt and sand 堆积起瘀泥和沙子8.to replenish the coastline 补充——填充海岸线9.desalination 海水淡化10.p ay closer attention to 重视11.u pset the ecology 破坏生态12.c oncurs同意13.a rtificial flood 人造洪水14.b e trapped 被囤积15.i ndustrial and agricultural waste 工农业废物16.a ffect the productivities 影响了产量17.w aterways 水道18.d evise a way to 设计一种方式剑桥五P621.send children to pre-schools 幼儿团2.miss out on 错过3.is born with natural curiosity 天生好奇（写作词汇）4.it is generally acknowledged that 人们认为（写作词汇）5.people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds6.in an attempt to 为了（写作词汇）7.under-achievement 学习成绩不良8.was launched 发起9.substantial funding 大量的资金10.d isadvantaged home environment 不利的成长环境11.a pilot programme 试点项目12.i s the most effective way to 是有效的方式（写作词汇）13.a cross-section of socio-economic status 各个社会阶层14.f amily configuration 家庭结构（写作词汇）15.f oster the child’s motor-skill 运动技能16.s hare experience and discuss topics of interest 分享经验和讨论有意思的话题（写作词汇）17.f acilitator 推进者18.a longside 在---旁边19.i s phenomenal 明显的20.h ad made greater strides 进步显著21.p erpetuate（使永存）that disadvantage 延续那种不利22.s th is undoubtedly vital 无疑是重要的23.o vercome educational inequity 克服教育的不公平剑桥五p621.be poised to make a comeback 准备好回到人们的视野中2.vanish 消失3.this has ignited public debate about 引起了公众的争议（写作词汇）4.marketing people 销售人员5.inverted commas 引号6.rehabilitation of term 术语的复原7.encompass 包括——compass 指南针8.cybernetics 控制论9.attack different problems 研究不同问题10.p eak 达到顶峰11.g rowing power of computers 计算机日益强大的功能12.a breakthrough was just around the corner 突破只有咫尺之遥13.a false dawn 错误的开始14.a backlash ensued 激烈的反应随之发生15.u ndue optimism 不适当的乐观16.r etrenchment 削减——trench 挖掘战壕17.o pt to do 选择去做18.a lign oneself with 与---结盟19.m undane problem 世俗的问题20.b lue-sky 无价值的，不保险的21.r eckon 认为22.s pot camouflaged vehicles 发现伪装的车辆23.e xacerbate 恶化24.e ncapsulate 压缩25.h ype 天花乱坠的宣传26.u nder-achieving 成绩不理想的27.d isparate 不同的28.m aterialize 实现29.m undane 平凡的30.u nattended 无人在场的31.f ilter and categorize 过滤和分类32.i mplement 使生效，贯彻33.e lusive 难以捉摸的雅思剑桥阅读词汇（8）剑桥五P891.flawed beauty 缺陷美2.toughened glass 钢化玻璃3.shattered 破碎4.frame 结构5.fragments 碎片6.pane 玻璃7.minute crystal 微型晶体8.nickel sulphide 硫化镍9.be aware of this issue 意识到这个问题10.believe the reason is simple 相信原因很简单11.what you hear is only the tip of the iceberg 你看到的是冰山的一角12.bus shelters 公共汽车亭13.tiny cubes 小的立方体rge, razor-sharp shards 大的锋利的碎片15.can be bolted together16.contract and solidify 收缩和凝固17.shrinks 收缩18.materials under tension 压力下的物质19.propagate 传播20.nickel sulphide impurities硫化镍杂质21.alloy 合金22.convert a to b 使得转变为23.coiled spring 被压缩的弹簧24.revert to 转化为25.elapse 时间的流逝26.the process is speed up 过程加速27.occur in batches 大批地出现28.suffer a rash of failures 遭受损失29.contamination 污染30.were scanned under --- 被扫描31.in the furnace 熔炉剑桥六P181.demolish rivals 击败对手2.underpinned by 由---支持3.squash 垒球4.ethereal scientific question 虚无的科学问题5.tweak 小小的改良6.slice 切7.stroke 一划8.spine脊椎骨9.unconstructive 不显眼的10.swivel 旋转11.velocity 速度剑桥六P 221.at a startling pace 以惊人的速度2.play a more important role in 发挥重要真的作用3.was dominated by 被统治4.thanks to 由于5.pose no obstacles to 不造成障碍6.purchase sth on the domestic market 在国内市场购买7.reduce the employment 减低了就业8.customs duties and import quotas 关税和进口配额9.iron ore 铁矿10.c omponents 零件11.h eavy and bulky 容量大的12.d isk drive 光驱13.v aluable = expensive 昂贵的14.f reight rates 运费15.d eregulation 规章制度的撤销16.c ontainerization 集装箱化17.c rane 起重机18.v essels 装箱船19.t ransform sth into sth20.d eter international trade 妨碍了国际贸易剑桥六p271.Inuit family因纽特家庭2.thaws 解冻3.igloo 圆顶建筑4.permafrost melt 结冰地带融化5.is already have dramatic effects 产出了巨大的影响6.the knock-on effects are likely to include 间接的影响包括7.increased precipitation.仓促8.be increasingly keen to find out 越来越希望去9.canary in the mine 矿井的里的金丝雀10.precarious balance 不稳定的平衡11.ancestral knowledge 祖先的知识12.get some idea of the hardship of 了解---的艰难13.be uniquely well adapted to 很好的适应14.life for sb is still harsh 生活依然艰难15.indigenous 本土的16.nomadic ways 游牧的生活方式17.opportunities are scarce 机会是很稀少的18.a high incidence of depression 高发的抑郁症19.play a key role in 发挥关键的作用20.draw on this wisdom 利用这种智慧21.impinge too much on.撞击22.scientific onslaught 科学的冲击23.natural capriciousness 自然的反复无常雅思剑桥阅读词汇（9）剑桥六p411.public transport 公共交通2.creating a better place to live 改善居住环境3.Melbourne墨尔本4.tram network 有轨电车网络5.correlation 联系；相互关系6.when it comes to 当谈及到7.make a success of sth8.referendum 公民投票9.causing massive congestion problems 导致大规模的交通拥堵10.refute 反驳11.be converted to 转变为12.the best approach 最好的办法13.lead to more dispersal 使得更加分散14.sprawl 蔓延15.attract business 招商1.arthritis 关节炎2.major medical complaint 主要的疾病3.dementia 老年痴呆4.stroke 中风5.atherosclerosis 动脉硬化6.emphysema 肺气肿7.medical advances 医疗的进步8.on the downside 从负面来看9.bronchitis 支气管炎10.b etter-educated people 受过良好的教育的人11.s eek more medical attention 寻求更多的医疗照顾12.m anage one’s finances理财13.h ome medical aids 家庭医疗辅助设备14.r etain a sense of independence 保留独立感15.m aintain a level of daily physical activities 保持一定水平的身体锻炼16.d eteriorate 衰老17.a social epidemiologist 流行病学家18.s elf-esteem 自尊19.a ging 老龄化20.t readmill 单调的工作；踏车1.numeration 计数2.intellectual feats 智力技艺3.be bound up with 有密切的关系4.facility 熟练；便利5.reflect on 思考；反思6.keep one’s thought in order 使思想有序7.herb animals 放牧8.the need become paramount 需要变得极为重要9.semi-permanent settlements 暂时定居10.h uman existence 人类生活11.t he indigenous people 土著居民12.v ersion 形式13.w itness 目击证人14.h indrance 障碍15.c an be registered in the mind 记录在人的思想里16.c anoes 独木舟17.r elic 遗物；遗迹18.i ntermix with sth 使混合19.p ebbles 鹅卵石剑桥六p631.stunned, thrilled audience 令人震惊的，使人兴奋的观众2.take a determined leap of imagination to 充分发挥想象力3.hypnotic quality 催眠的——引人入胜的特质4.panic 惊慌的5.embrace one’s audience and transport them to a different world 吸引观众并且将他们带到一个完全不同的世界6.encyclopedic detail 百科全书式的细节7.give a new lease of life to the idea of story 将真实生活的点滴寓于故事情节之中8.a passing gimmick 过去的小花招9.narrative 叙事性的10.fairground 露天广场剑桥六p681.motivate employees 激发员工2.entice and encourage employees 吸引和激励员工3.create feelings of optimism 带来乐观情绪4.those with highest skills and experience 有丰富的经验和高超技能的人5.morale 士气6.to be made redundant （多余的）被开除7.under such retrenchment conditions8.the ways of meeting this challenge can be broadly divided into_______ key points, which are outlined below. 如何去迎接挑战，可以列为以下六点9.match a to b 使得相配10.h igh achiever 高效员工11.h ave a high need for power and a low need for affiliation 有权利欲但是依附感少12.h ave specific goals 有具体的目标13.i n conjunction with 与---协力14.i s incongruous 不协调的15.m anipulative 操纵的16.r educe one’s effort 懈怠17.a ppraisal process 评估制度18.r einforcement 促进的事物19.g oal-setting and decision-making 目标设定和决策20.a ttainment 达到21.r emuneration 报酬22.r ate sthe very highly 认为---很重要23.c lerical workers 办公室人员24.p lace different degrees of importance on sth 重视的程度不同25.e quity 公平的事物/ equitable 公平的雅思剑桥阅读词汇（10）剑桥六P711.anti-aging pills 抗衰老药2.prolong lifespan and youthful vigor 延长寿命保持青春活力3.equivalent to 等于4.caloric restriction 热量限制5.few mortals 很少有人6.harsh（苛刻的）a regimen （政权——养生法）7.mimicked the effect 模仿效果8.diabetes 糖尿病9.arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化10.rodents啮齿动物11.o n average 平均而言12.m aximum lifespan 最长的寿命13.b een replicated many times 被复制许多次14.h amsters 小白鼠15.s pider 蜘蛛16.r hesus恒河猴(一种猕猴,多用于实验)17.s quirrel monkeys 松鼠猴18.p ancreatic（胰腺的）hormone insulin 胰岛素19.a ge-related disease 上了年纪的疾病20.g lucose 葡萄糖21.e lixirs 万能灵药22.b eing touted 被吹捧23.t oxic 有毒的24.f ree radicals（化）自由基，游离基25.i nduce sb to do 促使某人做26.h ypothesis 假设剑桥六P851.sales representatives 销售代表2.promotional gifts and gadgets 促销礼物和小玩意3.fit the drug’s profile 适应药品的轮廓/外形4.honoraria 酬劳5.pharmaceuticals 医药品6.ethical 有关于于伦理的7.escalating extravagance 急剧的上升8.healthcare-giver = doctor 医生9.flashy brochures 华丽的手册10.pamphlets 小册子11.emblazon 颂扬12.logo 标识lions of 许多14.prescribe one’s medicine 开药15.dispense 分散/ dispersal 分散16.to increase sales 提高销量17.grapple with 挣扎18.be scrutinized for 被审查19.it is legitimate for sb to do 是合法的，是合理的20.do sth go too far 是否过分剑桥六P891.literate women 有文化的妇女2.ability to read 读书能力3.values one’s ed ucation more highly 高度重视教育4.eliminate these factors by 以---排除这些因素5.have a direct effect on =have an immediate impact on sth 有直接的影响6.establish a number of social programmes 设立社会项目7.well-nourished 营养良好的8.the infant morality rate 婴儿死亡率9.newly-literate mothers 刚学会识字的母亲10.m ake better use of clinics 更好的利用诊所11.o pt for sth 选择---12.d irect their resources 利用资源13.m aternal education 女性的受教育14.i t is notoriously difficult to do 很难做15.m edical care 医疗16.m alnourished 营养不良的剑桥六P94背下来1.anti-bullying 反欺凌2.can take a variety of forms 可以有不同的形式3.being shoved 被猛推4.up to a quarter of pupils 达到了四分之一5.be particularly recalcitrant 尤其难以控制的6.in extreme cases 在极端的情况下7.anti-social offences 反社会的违法行为8.a common refrain 一种常见的重复——老生常谈9.Norway 挪威10.b ullying was halved 欺凌事件减半11.r educing bullying 减少欺凌事件12.a key step is to 关键的步骤13.g ive explicit guidelines 给予清晰的指导14.t hrough consultation 通过咨询15.b e disseminated and implemented effectively 被有效地传播和执行16.t he curriculum 课程17.r aise awareness 提高意识18.a ssertiveness training = confidence training 自信训练19.v ictims 受害者20.a nother possibility is to 另外的一种可能21.a worthwhile objective 值得努力的目标41。