Unit 5 知识点讲解与练习 【新教材】人教版(2019版)高一英语必修第一册

Unit 5 Working the land1.hybrid [ˈhaɪbrɪd] n . 杂交植（动）物；合成物；混合动力车2.devote [dɪˈvəʊt] vt . 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于●devote...to （doing）sth. 把……用于；献身于；致力；专心●devote oneself to＝be devoted to献身于；专心致力于●devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的●devotion n．奉献；关爱3.shortage [ˈʃɔːtɪʤ] n . 不足；缺少；短缺be shortage of缺乏…●short adj.不足的；缺乏的be short of缺乏，不足4.tackle [ˈtækl] vt . 解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理=deal with5.crisis [ˈkraɪsɪs] n. （pl. crises）危机；危急关头6.boost [buːst] vt n . 使增长；使兴旺;. 增长；提高；激励7.yield [jiːld] n vt vi. . 产量；产出;. 出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等）;屈服；让步8.convince [kənˈvɪns] vt . 使相信；使确信；说服●convincing adj.令人信服的●convinced adj.确信的；坚信的9.characteristic [ˌkærɪktəˈrɪstɪk] n adj . 特征；特点；品质;. 典型的；独特的10.attain [əˈteɪn] vt . （通常经过努力）获得；得到11.conventional [kənˈvɛnʃənl] adj . 传统的；习惯的●convention n.习俗，常规，惯例12.pollinate [ˈpɒlɪneɪt] vt . 授粉；传粉13.assumption [əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n] n . 假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权利的）获得●assume v.假设，假定14.intense [ɪnˈtɛns] adj . 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的●intensity n.强烈，紧张，剧烈15.overcome [ˌəʊvəˈkʌm] vt. （overcame，overcome) 克服；解决；战胜16.expand [ɪksˈpænd] vt. ＆vi . 扩大；增加;. 扩展；发展（业务）17.output [ˈaʊtpʊt] n vt. . 产量；输出；输出量;（output，output）输出18.estimate [ˈɛstɪmɪt] vt n . 估计；估价；估算;. 估计；估算●underestimate v.低估19.domestic [dəʊˈmɛstɪk] adj . 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的20.consumption [kənˈsʌm(p)ʃən] n . 消耗；消耗量；消费●consume v.消费prise [kəmˈpraɪz] . 包括；包含；由……组成●be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成（或构成）●be composed of… 由……组成●consist of由……组成●be made up of由……组成，构成22.generate [ˈʤɛnəreɪt] vt . 产生；引起●generation n.产生；一代23.strain [streɪn] n . （动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力24.ensure [ɪnˈʃʊə] v.确保，担保25.deep down [diːp daʊn] 在内心深处；本质上；实际上26.soil [sɔɪl] n . 泥士；土壤；国土；领土27.celebrity [sɪˈlɛbrɪti] n . 名望；名誉；名人；名流28.envision [ɪnˈvɪʒən] vt . 展望；想象29.sorghum [ˈsɔːgəm] n . 高梁；高梁米30.broom [brʊm] n . 扫把；扫帚；金雀花31.grain [greɪn] n . 谷物；谷粒；颗粒32.vision [ˈvɪʒən] n . 想象；视力；视野；影像33.reality [ri(ː)ˈælɪti] n . 现实；实际情况；事实●real adj.真实的●realistic adj.现实的，实际的，现实主义的，逼真的34.salty [ˈsɔːlti] adj . 含盐的；咸的●salt n.盐35.urban [ˈɜːbən] adj . 城市的；都市的；城镇的●urbanity n.城市化36.bomb [bɒm] n v . 炸弹;. 轰炸；对……投炸弹37.tunnel [ˈtʌnl] n . 地下通道；地道；隧道38.extension [ɪksˈtɛnʃən] n . 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机●extend v.延伸，扩大39.chemical [ˈkɛmɪkəl] adj n. . 与化学有关的；化学的;. 化学制品；化学品40.wheat [wiːt] n . 小麦；小麦籽41.flavor [ˈfleɪvə] n . 味道；特点；特色42.fertilizer [ˈfɜːtɪlaɪzə] n . 肥料43.nutritional [nju(ː)ˈtrɪʃən(ə)l] adj . 营养（物）的●nutrition n.营养●nutritious adj . 有营养的；营养丰富的44.alleviate [əˈliːvɪeɪt] vt . 减轻；缓解●alleviation n.缓解45.poverty [ˈpɒvəti] n . 贫穷；贫困anic [ɔːˈgænɪk] adj . 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的47.pesticide [ˈpɛstɪsaɪd] n . 杀虫剂；除害药物48.widespread [ˈwaɪdsprɛd] a . 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的49.bacterium [bækˈtɪərɪəm] n . 细菌50.in turn [ɪn tɜːn] 相应地；转而；依次；轮流51.digest [ˈdaɪʤɛst] vt. ＆vi n. . 消化;. 领会；领悟;摘要；文摘●digestion n.消化52.essential [ɪˈsɛnʃəl] adj . 完全必要的；极其重要的●essentially adv.本质上，根本上53.mineral [ˈmɪnərəl] n . 矿物；矿物质54.alternative [ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv] n adj . 可供选择的事物;. 可供替代的；非传统的●alternatively adv.可供选择地55.grocery [ˈgrəʊsəri] n . 食品杂货店；[pl. ]食品杂货56.instance [ˈɪnstəns] n . 例子；实例；事例●for instance [fɔːr ˈɪnstəns] 例如；比如●in the first instance第一，首先57.depth [dɛpθ] n . 向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）●deep adj.深的adv.深深地●deeply adv.深深地，强烈地●deepen v．(使)变深，(使)加深58.root [ruːt] n . 根；根茎；根部；根源59.entirely [ɪnˈtaɪəli] adv . 全部地；完整地；完全地●entire adj.完全的60.aspect [ˈæspɛkt] n . 方面；层面61.Vietnam [ˌvjɛtˈnɑːm] 越南（国家名）62.LED abbr.（light-wmitting diode) 发光二极管63.DDT n . 滴滴涕（旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂）巩固练习一、词性转换1. _________ vt. 把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→_________ adj. 忠实的；深爱的→_________ n.忠诚2. _________ vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→_________ adj. 确信的；信服的→_________ adj. 令人信服的3. _________ n. 人物，角色；性格；特点→_________ n. 特征；特点；品质adj.典型的；独特的4. _________ n. 常规；惯例→_________adj. 传统的；习惯的5. _________ vt.以为；假设→_________ n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得6. _________ vt.&vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)→_________ n.扩张7. _________ vt. 消费；消耗→_________ n. 消费者→_________ n. 消耗；消耗量；消费8. _________ adj.真实的→_________ n. 现实；实际情况；事实→_________ adj.现实主义的；写实主义的9. _________ n. 盐→_________ adj. 含盐的；咸的10. _________ v.扩展，延伸→_________ n.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机11. _________n.化学→_________ adj.与化学有关的；化学的n.化学制品；化学品12. _________ n. 营养；滋养→_________adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→_________adj.营养(物)的13. ________ adj.贫穷的→ _________ n.贫穷；穷困14. _________ n. 矿，矿山→_________ n. 矿工→ _________n.矿物；矿物质15. _________ adj.深的→_________ n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)16. _________ adj. 整个的；完全的→_________ adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地二、词块翻译1. devote ... to __________________2. be comprised of __________________3. deep down __________________4. in turn __________________5. for instance __________________三、单句语法填空1. She gladly gave up her part-time job to devote herself entirely _________ her art.2. Her _________ (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.3. After a _________ (convention) opening remarks, he made a brilliant speech.4. We are working on the _________ (assume) that the conference will take place as planned.5. The class is comprised mainly _________ Italian and French students.6. Martin Luther King, Jr, campaigned for the _________ (extend) of civil rights to black people.7. I had to admit that it was _________ (entire) my fault.8. We felt at home with her and were impressed with the _________ (deep) of her knowledge.参考答案一、词性转换1.devote；devoted；devotion2.convince；convinced；convincing3.character；characteristic4.convention；conventional5.assume；assumption6.expand；expansion7.consume；consumer；consumption8.real；reality；realistic9.salt；salty 10.extend；extension 11.chemistry；chemical 12.nutrition；nutritious；nutritional 13. poor；poverty 14.mine；miner；mineral 15.deep；depth 16.entire；entirely二、词块翻译1. 把……用于；献身；致力；专心2. 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)3. 在内心深处；本质上；实际上4. 相应地；转而；依次；轮流5. 例如；比如三、单句语法填空1. to2.devotion3.conventional4.assumption5.of6.extension7.entirely8.depth。

Unit 5 Music单元知识清单重点单词1．soul n．灵魂；心灵2．virtual adj.很接近的；事实上的；虚拟的3．opportunity n．机会；时机4．onto prep.(朝)向5．ordinary adj.普通的；平凡的6．award vt.授予n．奖品7．stage n．(发展或进展的)时期；阶段；(多指剧场中的)舞台8．altogether adv.(用以强调)全部；总共9．thus adv.如此；因此10．band n．乐队；带子11．nowadays adv.现在；目前12．gradual adj.逐渐的；渐进的13．capable adj.有能力的；有才能的14．previous adj.先前的；以往的15．impact n．巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力16．aim n．目的；目标vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准vt.目的是；旨在17．piano n．钢琴18．addition n．添加；加法；增加物19．disease n．(疾)病20．ache vi.& n．疼痛重点单词变形1．energy n．能源；能量；精力→energetic adj.精力充沛的2．position n．成分；(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品→pose v．作曲，谱写→poser n．作曲家3．perform vi.& vt.表演；履行；执行→performance n．表演；演技；表现→performer n．表演者；演员4．enable vt.使能够；使可能→able adj.有能力的→ability n．能力→disable vt.使不能；使残疾→disability n．残疾；缺陷→unable adj.不能的；没有能力的5．prove vt.证明；展现→proof n．证据6．original adj.原来的；独创的；原作的n.原件；原作→originally adv.最初；起先→origin n．起源7．relief n．(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱→relieve vt.使减轻；缓解→relieved adj.轻松的；解脱的8．cure vt.治愈；解决(问题)；治好(疾病) n．药物；治疗；(解决问题的)措施→curable adj.可治愈的→incurable adj.不可治愈的9．unemployed adj.失业的；待业的→employ vt.雇用；利用→employment n．使用；工作→employer n．雇主→employee n．雇员10．equipment n．设备；装备→equip vt.装备；配备11．talent n．天才；天资；天赋→talented adj.有天赋的；天才的12．assume vt.以为；假设→assumption n．假设；推断13．treatment n．治疗；对待；处理→treat vt.治疗；对待；招待n．请客14．satisfaction n．满足；满意；欣慰→satisfy vt.使满意→satisfied adj.满意的→satisfactory adj.令人满意的15．various adj.各种不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性→vary v．变化重点词组1．fall in love with爱上2．be absorbed in sth./sb.被……吸引住；专心致志3．set sth.up安装好(设备或机器)4．try out参加……选拔(或试演)5．in addition (to sb./sth.)除……以外(还)6．from (then) on从(那)时起7．get through (设法)处理；完成知识点讲解1. perform vt. & vi. 表演; 履行; 执行【教材原句】Virtual choir members record themselves while they perform alone on video. (P52)虚拟合唱团成员在单独录制视频的同时进行录制他们自己。

高一英语Unit5知识要点总结（新人教版）
高一英语Unit5知识要点总结
一、短语归纳
loseheart丧失勇气
loseone’shearttosb/sth爱上，喜欢上
beorriedabout担心
introuble处于不幸中
besentencedto被判处
beoutofor=loseone’sjob失业
beequalto相等的，平等的
beproudof/taepridein以……而自豪
invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事
具体短语请点击：新人教版高一英语Unit5短语归纳总结
二、重点句子
onlythendidedecidetoanserviolenceithviolence.
Hestronglybelievedinthethreeprinciples.
IfeltbadthefirsttieItaledtothegroup.
Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreasandtheeveningsheneshou ldhavebeenasleep.
句子讲解请点击：高一新人教版英语Unit5重点句子讲解
三、重要语法
在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词。

先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。

结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。

高中英语必修一Unit5课本单元讲解（人教版）Unit5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero知识点详解Ⅰ. 常考单词必背1．quality n．质量；品质；性质Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality.优质酒比劣质酒花费多。

[快速闪记](1)of high/good quality 优质的of low/poor quality 劣质的in quality 在质量上(2)形近意异词：quantity n．数量；大量2．mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的v. 意思是；意欲，打算；意味着Don't be so mean to your little brother!别对你弟弟那么刻薄！[快速闪记](1)be mean to sb 对某人刻薄mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing 意味着……be meant for 为……而准备的be meant to be... 注定成为……(2)means n. 方式；方法；途径3．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于She devoted herself to her career and never married all her life.她全力倾注于自己的事业，一生没有结婚。

[快速闪记](1)devote one's life/energy/time...to (doing) sth 把某人的生命/精力/时间……用在/献给(做)某事上devote oneself to 献身于……；致力于……be devoted to 献身于；专心于(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；专心4．found vt. 建立；建设They founded/set up the company by themselves.他们自己创办了这家公司。

Unit5课文讲解练（一）1. native adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的n. 本地人Listen to a speech and tick the two languages with the most native speakers.听这篇演讲，并标出作为母语有使用最多的人的两种语言。

（教材P60）熟读深思写出下列句中native的词性和意思。

She spoke not only her native language, but also English.( 词性_________；意思_________ )He speaks like a native.( 词性_________；意思_________ )【答案】(1) 形容词；本地的(2) 名词；本地人归纳总结native language母语a native of一个...的本地人即学活用翻译句子(1) I found it hard to understand the English language spoken by the native villagers.(2) They used force to banish the natives from the more fertile land.【答案】(1) 我发现很难明白当地村民说的英语。

(2) 他们用武力把当地人从更肥沃的土地上赶走。

2.attitude n. 态度；看法What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning?说话人对外语学习的态度是什么？（教材P60）熟读深思写出画线单词的词性和意思。

(1)We must maintain a firm attitude.我们必须采取坚定的态度。

( 词性___________；意思_________ )(2)What's your attitude to her work ? 她工作态度非常积极。

Unit 5 Working the Land1. If you want to be promoted, you must devote your attention ___ our work.【答案】to【解析】考查固定搭配。

句意：如果你想晋升，你必须把注意力放在工作上。

devote one’s time/energy/attention/... to (doing) sth意为“把某人的时间/精力/注意力/...用到（做）某事上”。

2. For ten years, Nyad devoted herself to ___ (become) one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers.【答案】becoming【解析】考查固定搭配。

句意：十年来，Nyad一直致力于将自己成为世界上最棒的长径游泳员。

devote one’s life/oneself to( doing)sth.献身于/致力于（做)某事3. He has set his heart on ___ (pursue) his studies abroad.【答案】pursuing【解析】考查固定搭配。

句意：他已经下定决心去国外学习了。

set one’s heart on doing sth 意为“下定决心做某事”。

4. The solution ___ the problem required many hours.【答案】to【解析】考查固定搭配。

句意：解决这个问题需要好几个小时。

a/the solution to...意为“对问题或困难局面的解决办法”。

5. Despite recent efforts ___ (boost) the number and quality of its universities, it doesn’t work well.【答案】to boost【解析】考查动词不定式。

新必修一unit5课文THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM:CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENTChina is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600-1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221- -207 BCE).Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture.Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.中文书写系统:连接过去和现在中国以其一直延续到现代的古老文明而闻名，尽管在它的历史上有许多起起落落。

1．devote v t.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj.忠诚的；深爱的→devotion n．奉献；忠诚2．short adj.短的；不足的；短期的→shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→shorten v t.使变短3．character n．性情；(小说、戏剧中的)人物；角色→characteristic n．特征；特点；品质adj.典型的；独特的4．convention n．常规；习俗；惯例→conventional adj.传统的；习惯的5．assume v．假定；设想→assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得6．real adj.真的→really ad v.真正地；实际上→reality n．现实；实际情况；事实7．salt n．盐→salty adj.含盐的；咸的1．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺n．增长；提高；激励①These changes will help to boost food prices. v t.使增长②This has given clothing prices a big boost. n．增长③This measure will be a great boost to the economy. n．激励2．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)①The ranks of the teachers are constantly expanding. v i.扩大；增加②The merchant wants to expand his business. v t.扩大③The writer expanded his short novel into a long one. v t.扩展3．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算n．估计；估算①The painter's estimate for painting the whole house was 1，000 dollars.n．估计；估价②This painting is estimated at $200-$300.v t. 估价③He estimated the speed of the winds from the degree of damage.v t. 估算4．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质adj.典型的；独特的①The two species have several characteristics in common.n.特征；特点②I recognized his characteristic walk. adj.典型的；独特的③Independence is the outstanding characteristic of a person. n.品质Words and Phrases知识要点1devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(教材P50)Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life.确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。

新教材)人教版 2019 高中英语选择性必修一第五单元(知识点总结全)等等。

③例句：It XXX.2.“Not only… but also…”句型①表示“不仅……而且……”的意思。

②例句：Not only does he work hard。

but he also has a great sense of humor.3.“As well as…”句型①表示“以及，还有”之意。

②例句：She speaks French as well as English.4.“It’s no use/ good + doing…”句型①表示“做……没用/没好处”的意思。

②例句：It’XXX.5.“There is/are + 名词+ who/that…”句型①表示“有……的人/事物”之意。

②例句：There are people who XXX.6.“It’s time + 主语 + 过去式”句型①表示“是时候……了”的意思。

②例句：It’s time we went to bed.Unit 5 Working the Land常用短语：convince的常用短语：使某人/自己相信某事的短语有：XXX。

come的常用短语：指动作发生的短语有：come up with、come up、come about、come across、come around。

XXX的常用短语：致力于某事的短语有：XXX (doing) sth、XXX (doing) sth、XXX’s time/energy/n/。

to (doing) sth，深爱某人或对某人忠诚的短语有：be XXX。

易混词（组）辨析：in turn：意为“相应地，转而”；在表达“依次，轮流，逐个”的场合也可使用。

in return：意为“作为回报”，可单独使用。

in return for：意为“作为对……的回报”，相当于“in reward for”。

常见句型与表达：1.“It + be +过去分词+ that…”句型：形式主语It，连接作用的that引导的从句是真正的主语，常用于此句型的过去分词（短语）有believed，said，reported，thought，hoped，suggested等等。