高考英语短文改错分类讲解 ---“定语从句中常见错误”

如何应对高考英语短文改错定语从句在高考英语短文改错部分，定语从句是一个常见的错误类型。

掌握定语从句的用法和识别技巧对于提高英语水平和应对高考英语短文改错至关重要。

本文将从定语从句的定义、类型、用法和练习技巧等方面进行详细讲解，帮助你更好地应对高考英语短文改错中的定语从句问题。

定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一种dependent clause，用来修饰名词或代词，起到形容词的作用。

定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。

例如：•The book you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。

）在这个例子中，“you gave me”是定语从句，它修饰名词“the book”。

定语从句的类型定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种类型。

1.限制性定语从句（Restrictive Relative Clauses）：限制性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用，即如果去掉定语从句，句子的意思会发生改变。

限制性定语从句前不用逗号与主句分开。

例如：•The man who is speaking to you is my teacher.（正在和你说话的那个人是我的老师。

）2.非限制性定语从句（Non-restrictive Relative Clauses）：非限制性定语从句对先行词起到补充说明作用，即如果去掉定语从句，句子的主要意思不会改变。

非限制性定语从句前要用逗号与主句分开。

例如：•My brother, who lives in New York, is a doctor.（我的哥哥住在纽约，他是一名医生。

）定语从句的用法定语从句的用法主要包括关系词的选择、先行词的确定和从句的简化等几个方面。

1.关系词的选择：定语从句的关系词有 who、whom、whose、which、that 等。

关系词的选择取决于先行词和从句的语法功能。

例如：•The book (that/which) you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。

短文改错四大错误类型总结老师叮咛：李辉老师说，英语学习的陷阱之一，就是 “ 多做题 ”。

很多人一想到学英语就想到 “ 多做题 ”，但是做了很久都没提分，原因何在？事实上，每道题目都背后都有其 “ 方法 ” 和 “ 考点 ” 。

下面的短文改错常见错误考点类型 “ 很重要 ”！经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真地整理 校对，无错、可信！可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵！一、动词① 时态错误（过去时 / 现在时）eg:1. Some people even had to wait outside.解析： had 改为 have 。

2. I think I would be happy there .解析： think 改为 thought 。

② 语态错误（主动 / 被动）注意：先翻译句子，后观察该词在句中是主动 / 被动。

eg: Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.每天，他都要确保新鲜蔬菜或高质量的油用于烹饪。

解析： using → used ，根据句意此处表示被动含义， be used for“ 被用来去做 ” 。

③ 主谓不一致（ 1 ） 前文所提的主语与后文所述的谓语不一致eg:1.The teacher were angry because we had the same answers in the tests.解析： were → was ， The teacher 是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。

2.The rest of the trees was cut down.解析： was → were ， rest 指的是可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。

（ 2 ） 集体名词，谓语动词用复数。

如： people, cattle, group, family, government, team, police 等。

定语从句改错一、误用关系词I will never forget the days when we spent together on the farm.This is the factory where he was invited to visit last month.He save a son which I have ever help in our school.The news which we never forgot to be invited to the party is a lie二、宾语重叠As we all know it , the earth is round.The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see it carried out the next month.He is such a strong man as we all expected him.This is a long river which we have never seen it .三、缺少先行词或关系词Is this park where his father works?I went to the village they grew up.Are those people who were praised in the meeting.Is this the day we held the party for daughter.四、whose的误用I live in a house whose the window faces south.This is the student whose aren'tssdpied in the fire.The son whose the father worked in our officer is my employee.I loved the flowers of which owner is a poor boy.五、忽略标点符号的作用The old man has three sons, all of them are workers.He washed three windows, one of them is broken.We spent three days in our village , and was never forgot .Don't carry the plan out of the kitchen, in that case you might have the house on fire.六、错认先行词I was the only one in the office that was invited to the party.Do you remember one afternoon in America where a terrible earthquake took place?Jim was born in Beijing in 1968, when he became a famous doctor at that time .精品文档They painted the pictures and some strange children which are hardly recognized at once.七、不注重固定搭配Such person like him can ' t be deopne.ndedHe went to the same university which his brother did.He stole my book . Because it is the same book as I have .八、主谓不一致I, who is your brother, have the right to prevent you from doing that.She is one of the students who has passed the exam this time.Tom was the only one of girls who were sent to America last year九、与其它从句混淆This is the house in which he lives.This is the house where he livesThis is where he lives.This is in which he livs.十、误用as 和which1、Bamboo is hollow, as makes it very light.练习2、Which we all know, the earth is round.1. Those which have plenty of money will help their friend.2. This is the longest train which I have ever seen.3. Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport.4. I shall never forget those years which I lived in the farm which you visited last week.精品文档6. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of them hadn ' t been cleaned for at least a year.7. The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.8. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China.9. They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.10. My glasses, with which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.11. He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned.12. A harvester is a machine with which we harvest crops or a person which is harvesting.13. I have bought the same dress which she is wearing.14. In the police station I saw the man from which room the thief had stolen the TV set.15. Chapin, for who money was now no problem , start a new film company with his friends.16. Please put the letter which he can easily find it.19. The reason why I was away from school is because I was ill yesterday.20. It was a meeting that importance I didn ' t realize at that time21. She was the one I met at the party , whom you knew.22. They have decided to stay at home, that is , I think ,a wise choice.23. All the apples which fell down were eaten by the pigs.25. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you.26. ---How do you like the book? ---It ' s quite different from the one what I read last month.27. Is oxgen the only gas which helps fire burn?28. I ' ll tell you all what he told me last week.29. In the dark street, there wasn 't a single person from whom she could turn for help30. Willma became the first woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, that made her mother very happy.31. She heard a terrible noise , as brought her heart into her mouth.32. His parents wouldn 't let him marry anyone whom family was poor.精品文档33. The weather turned out to be very good, that was more than we could expect.34. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town which he grew up as a child.35. I shall never forget those years which I lived in the country with the farmers.37. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, who ,of course , made the others unhappy.38. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , the price of whose was very reasonable.39. Which has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.40. He lived in London for 3 months , during that time he learned some English.41. Oh the wall hung a picture, which color is blue.42. Whenever I met him , that was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.43. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture there stands the famous tower.精品文档。

高考短文改错常见错误归纳：高考中的短文改错往往是让学生感觉比拟棘手的题目，他们往往觉得虽然文章能够看得懂，但是真正找起错误来却找不出，这样的局面往往是中文式英语所造成的，下面就短文改错中的常见错误归纳如下：1.动词〔在改错中，动词的错误多半表现在错词上〕1)时态混用：例：She liked it very much and reads it to the class.( reads 改为read) Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.〔can 改could〕结题技巧：拿到题目时，要注意时间提示词，多数情况下，题目往往是用过去时居多，然后在其中含有一个现在时的句子。

2）语态错用例：An English lady was finally decided that she really should learn to drive.〔去掉was〕Of course, when my mother was asked, “Have you…〞〔去掉was〕Books may be keep for four weeks.解题技巧：主动语态和被动语态的错误在改错题当中的表现不是非常明显，但是细心一些还是可以找到规律的，只需判断一下主语和谓语之间的关系是主谓还是动宾关系即可。

2.名词〔在改错中，名词的错误多半表现在错词上〕——单复数混.....,so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject改subjects)We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. (waters 改water)Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy. 〔year 改years)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful .〔picture 改为pictures〕解题技巧：可数名词和不可数名词要分清；其次，还要注意名词前面的修饰词some，many,much,all, both, (a)few,(a) little),有时候不一定是名词错，而是前面的修饰语错。

专题08 短文改错高频考点TOP 8 定语从句考点一先行词是物时，that, which的区分指物时宜用that 的情况：1) 当先行词为all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。

All that can be done has been done.2) 当先行词既指人又指物时。

He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.3) 当先行词是疑问词who, what, which 时或者句子以疑问词who , what , which 打头时。

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?4) 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.This is the best that can be done now.5) 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the same , just, one of , any, every , few , little , no , all , one of 等修饰时。

This is one of the very book that I am looking for.6) 关系代词在从句中作表语。

Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.考点二that不能引导非限只能用which 不能用that 的情况1) 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。

Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.2) 关系代词作介词的宾语。

常见病句类型定语从句结构错误的问题及修改方法常见病句类型：定语从句结构错误的问题及修改方法定语从句是英语语法中常见的句子结构，用于修饰名词或代词。

然而，很多学习者在使用定语从句时常常出现结构错误的问题。

本文将探讨常见的定语从句结构错误类型，并提供相应的修改方法，以帮助学习者有效地避免这些问题。

一、缺少关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中，关系代词"that, who, whom, which"和关系副词"where, when, why"起着连接前后两个句子的作用。

然而，很多学习者在书写过程中会忘记添加这些关系词，导致句子结构错误。

错误示例1：“I met a girl is from China.”错误示例2：“The book I bought was very interesting.”修改方法：加上适当的关系代词或关系副词。

正确示例1：“I met a girl who is from China.”正确示例2：“The book that I bought was very interesting.”二、使用错误的关系代词或关系副词关系代词和关系副词在引导定语从句时需要根据引导词在从句中所起的作用来选择适当的形式。

然而，一些学习者常常混淆关系词的用法，导致句子结构错误。

错误示例1：“The person which helped me was very kind.”错误示例2：“I visited the city where the Great Wall was built it.”修改方法：根据引导词在从句中所起的作用来选择适当的关系代词或关系副词。

正确示例1：“The person who helped me was very kind.”正确示例2：“I visited the city where the Great Wall was built.”三、缺乏主谓一致性定语从句的谓语动词应该和先行词所指代的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致。

定语从句易错点归纳之改错Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】定语从句易错点归纳——改错1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.3. Is this the library where you visited yesterday4. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.5. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.6. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.7. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.8. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen9. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.10. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.11. I don’t care for pay. I just want to get a job thatI can be greatly valued.12. He failed in the exam again， which was expected.13. He failed in the exam again， as was not what he had expected.14. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.15. Here are the materials that — had I thought of it — you could have taken with you yesterday.16. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.17. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.18. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.19. The book of whose the cover is broken is of great help to all of us.易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用析：区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。

高考英语定语从句易犯错误( 2007-8-19 17:41 )定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：一、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。

如：1．误：some of the boys i invited them didn’t come．正：some of the boys i invited didn’t come．译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。

析：应删去them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom，who或that。

2．误：the book that you need it is in the library．正：the book that you need is in the library．译：你需要的书在图书馆里。

析：应删去it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。

二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。

如：1．误：anyone who break the law will be punished．正：anyone who breaks the law will be punished．译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。

析：应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。

2．误：those who has finished may go home．正：those who have finished may go home．译：做完了的人现在可以回家。

析：应改has为have，因为who指those，是复数。

3．误：he is the only one of the teachers who know french in our school．正：he is the only one of the teachers who knows french in our school．译：他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。

析：应改know为knows，因为one前有the only之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词the teachers。

高考英语短文改错常见错误类型1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。

2、名词的数与格的误用。

3、主谓不一致的错误。

学生往往容易忽视定语从句中强调句型中的主谓一致性。

4、代词的指代不一致的错误。

代词的指代一致性包括人称、数、格和性四方面的统一。

代词的人称可分为第一、二、三人称和非人称；代词的数分为单数和复数；代词的格分为主格、宾格、所有格还有名词性物主代词；代词的性分为阳性、阴性和中性。

5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。

多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式，还有上下文的时态呼应，主从句的时态一致。

6、非谓语动词的误用。

非谓语动词的难点主要体现在V—ing形式和过去分词的用法区别、V—ing形式与不定式的用法区别、以及非谓语动词的时态、语态的正确运用。

7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。

形容词一般在句中作定语修饰名词或代词，作表语说明主语的性质、特征；而副词的作用较复杂，常常修饰形容词、副词、介词短语、动词或全句。

形容词和副词比较等级的误用现象：①省略不当；②自身比较；③修饰语的误用；④than 连接的两个比较对象不一致或不平行。

(8、关联词语的误用。

关联词分并列连词 and，but，or，so，when等，从属连词——各种从句的引导词。

关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识，还涉及至行文逻辑关系。

短文改错题惯用的命题手法是：①and，but，or，so等之间的混用；②because与so并用；③although与but并用；④why 与because并用；⑤come与go混用；⑥here与there混用。

9、平行结构的误用。

平行结构是指用一连串作用和结构相同的或相似的成份表达同一范畴或同一性质、密切关联的内容。

平行结构有词之间的平行、词组之间的平行、句子或从句之间的平行、段落之间的平行。

在平行结构中常用的并列连词有and，but，or，than等。

10、成分的多与少——多一词或少一词。

多或少的词语，常见于冠词、介词、不定式标记to 等，不过有时也可能是实义词。

中学英语中定语从句的典型错误定语从句是高中英语重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。

除在单项填空中对定语从句进行考查外，短文改错也经常考查定语从句。

现通过举例说明，对同学们在学习定语从句时容易犯的典型错误归纳如下。

一、和关系词有关的错误1. 关系词的缺失例1：在巴黎住了五十年之后，他回到了他幼年生活过的那个小镇。

误：After living in Pairs for fifty years, he returned to the small town he grew up.正：After living in Pairs for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up.析：先行词the village和定语从句之间缺少关系词，谓语动词grew up为不及物动词，所以应在先行词the village后面加上关系副词where。

2. 关系代词与关系副词的混淆例1：我还记得我在北京度过的日子。

误：I still remember the days when I spent in Beijing.正：I still remember the days (which/that) I spent in Beijing.析：定语从句中引导词的选择关键词是看先行词在定语从句中充当什么样的成分，或者说定语从句中缺少什么成分。

如果从句缺少主语、表语、宾语，则引导词通常为which、that、who、whom、as；如果缺少定语，则用关系代词whose，如果缺少状语，则用关系副词when、where、why。

分析例句的成分可以知道，从句中缺少谓语动词spent的宾语，故应用关系代词which 或that来引导定语从句。

例2：父亲在6月4日回来了，那天是我的生日。

误：Father came back on June 4th when was my birthday.正：Father came back on June 4th which was my birthday.析：先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，要用关系代词that或which；作时间状语，要用关系副词when。

高考英语短文改错常见错误类型归纳1. 动词1). 语态Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.Great changes have been taken place in our school in the past few years.The books that you borrow may be keep for four weeks.Because of this, children may not be develop the habit of reading.2). 时态：要有整体观。

We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop working.He said it is better to stay until help arrived.In the last five years they climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. No sooner I arrived than she left.3). 非谓语动词David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening.I was so tiring that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow.Now I am interesting in football.The World Health Organization and other organizations are working hard improve the health of all the people in the world.I’d like very much come but have an examination on Monday morning.4). 并列的动词形式不一致。

高考英语定语从句易犯错误定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：一、在定语从句中加了多余的宾语。

如：1．误：Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．正：_____________________________________________________2．误：The book that you need it is in the library．正：_____________________________________________________二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。

如：1．误：Anyone who break the law will be punished．正：_____________________________________________________2．误：Those who has finished may go home．正：_____________________________________________________3．误：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．正：_____________________________________________________4．误：This is one of the rooms that is free now．正：_____________________________________________________三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。

如：1．误：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth．正：_____________________________________________________2．误：The key opens the bike is missing．正：_____________________________________________________四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。

高考英语改错---定语从句1. An orphan is a child who's parents are dead.【解析】定语从句中表示"……的"引导词只有whose，所以把who's 改为whose。

2. This is the very thing which I lost yesterday.【解析】如果先行词为物且前有the only, the last, the very修饰时，定语从句的引导词只能用that。

3. This is the car for that I paid a high price.【解析】定语从句的先行词为物，而且引导词放在介词后时，只能用which。

4. She is one of the students who has passed the exam.【解析】定语从句修饰one of 加上复数名词时，复数名词是定语从句的先行词，因此把has 改为have。

5. This is the place where we visited last year.【解析】定语从句的先行词用关系代词还是关系副词要看定语从句中缺不缺主语或宾语，如缺用关系代词，如不缺用关系副词。

此句中visit为及物动词，后无宾语，因此把where 改为which或that。

6. I, who is your friend, can understand you.【解析】定语从句的谓语动词应与其先行词保持一致，因此把is 改为am。

7. China is a developing country, that is known to all.【解析】非限定性定语从句的引导词永远不会是that，因此把that 改为which 或as。

高考英语短文改错的常见错误有哪些英语短文改错主要是考察考生对词汇和语法的掌握程度，算是比较难的题型了，每年也有很多同学在这题上丢分、拉分。

下面是小编分享的高考英语短文改错的常见错误，一起来看看吧。

高考英语短文改错的常见错误1、语义矛盾通过对近年改错部分的分析，发现出现错误率的频率最高的就是上下文语义矛盾这一项，上下文语义矛盾，也就是说，根据上文的内容，紧接下来的部分应该是肯定意义，结果原文却用了否定;反之，根据上下文的连贯关系，下文本该用否定却用了肯定。

2、缺漏和多余缺漏某些不可少或加了某些不必要的词都会使句意不通顺。

一般来说，缺漏和多余的词多为介词、代词、冠词或连词。

多余还可能出现相同意义的词语叠加在一起或出现两个主语。

3、介词误用介词使句中某些词与其他词发生一定的关系，其在英语中占很重要的地位，所以这是成为又一重要考点。

4、代词误用如果某一代词根本无所指，或与其所指代的实词意义不一致那么就需要对其进行纠正。

如you与your，it’s与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。

5、非谓语动词错用非谓语动词是令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。

六级改错中的主要出现是非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。

6、形容词、副词误用形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的项目之一。

常见错误如：exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible 与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。

7、一致性方面的错误一致性(agreement或concord)在英语中属于一种很基础、很常见的语法现象。

一致性指主谓一致、名词单复数与其修饰语的一致，代词与先行词的一致，还有时态一致、修辞手法一致等。

8、用词不当英语中有很多同义词、反义词、易混词，如assure/ensure,rise/arise/raise,effect/affect等。

定语从句中的十种常见错误一、省去作主语的关系代词致错误：The changes have happened in the past few years make the city look even morebeautiful.正: The changes that have happened in the past few years make the city look evenmore beautiful.误：Those want to visit the art exhibition sign your names ，please.正: Those who want to visit the art exhibition sign your names ，please.分析：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省，但作主语时不能省。

二、从句中使用多余的代词或副词致错误：The compositions we handed them in two weeks ago haven 't been marked yet. 正: The compositions we handed in two weeks ago haven 't been marked yet.分析：从句中省去了作宾语的关系代词that 或which，应去掉them。

误：After living in Paris for 60 years ，he returned to the small town where he grew upas a child there.正: After living in Paris for 60 years ，he returned to the small town where he grew upas a child.分析：关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，使用there属语义重复，应去掉。

高考英语短文改错常见错误及改错原则短文改错常见错误类型1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点, 常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用；② and 前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致; ④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

1）They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devoteall my time to my studies.（did 改为do 错误类型属于①）2）As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为visited错误类型属于②)3）There will an important game next month.(will后加be错误类型属于④)4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( ③主谓不一致)2. 名词的常见错误单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。

①I’ll get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改为subjects）② Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为words）③ Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges改为knowledge）3. 连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等（一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ）① I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式改为whose)② I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为and)③ Clever as she is, but she works very hard.④ When I was a child, rain was a mystery. In one class, I learned it rained.4. 冠词错误误用a和an（根据单词的因素来判定）；误用a 和the（固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方）多余的冠词或则少冠词。

高考英语短文改错常见错误类型1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。

2、名词的数与格的误用。

3、主谓不一致的错误。

学生往往容易忽视定语从句中强调句型中的主谓一致性。

4、代词的指代不一致的错误。

代词的指代一致性包括人称、数、格和性四方面的统一。

代词的人称可分为第一、二、三人称和非人称；代词的数分为单数和复数；代词的格分为主格、宾格、所有格还有名词性物主代词；代词的性分为阳性、阴性和中性。

5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。

多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式，还有上下文的时态呼应，主从句的时态一致。

6、非谓语动词的误用。

非谓语动词的难点主要体现在V—ing形式和过去分词的用法区别、V—ing形式与不定式的用法区别、以及非谓语动词的时态、语态的正确运用。

7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。

形容词一般在句中作定语修饰名词或代词，作表语说明主语的性质、特征；而副词的作用较复杂，常常修饰形容词、副词、介词短语、动词或全句。

形容词和副词比较等级的误用现象：①省略不当；②自身比较；③修饰语的误用；④than连接的两个比较对象不一致或不平行。

8、关联词语的误用。

关联词分并列连词 and，but，or，so，when等，从属连词——各种从句的引导词。

关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识，还涉及至行文逻辑关系。

短文改错题惯用的命题手法是：①and，but，or，so等之间的混用；②because 与so并用；③although与but并用；④why 与because并用；⑤come与go混用；⑥here与there混用。

9、平行结构的误用。

平行结构是指用一连串作用和结构相同的或相似的成份表达同一范畴或同一性质、密切关联的内容。

平行结构有词之间的平行、词组之间的平行、句子或从句之间的平行、段落之间的平行。

在平行结构中常用的并列连词有and，but，or，than等。

10、成分的多与少——多一词或少一词。

多或少的词语，常见于冠词、介词、不定式标记to等，不过有时也可能是实义词。