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10_Multicast Handover Agents for Fast Handover in Wireless Multicast Networks

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676IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS,VOL.14,NO.7,JULY2010Multicast Handover Agents forFast Handover in Wireless Multicast NetworksSeok Joo Koh and Moneeb GoharAbstract—This Letter addresses the fast handover in wireless multicast networks.The existing multicast handover scheme tends to induce unnecessary data transmissions and large han-dover delay during handover.We propose a Multicast Handover Agent(MHA),which is used to support fast handover and to reduce unnecessary data transmission.In the proposed scheme, each MHA has a cache to maintain a list of active mobile nodes per multicast group,which is used to support the fast leave.The MHA also performs the fast join with its neighboring MHA during handover.By numerical analysis,it is shown that the proposed MHA scheme can give smaller handover delays compared to the existing multicast handover scheme.Index Terms—Wireless networks,multicast handover agent.I.I NTRODUCTIONR ECENT works on wireless multicasting include the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services(MBMS)of 3GPP[1]and the Multicast Broadcast Services(MBS)of IEEE802.16e[2].In the MBMS and MBS networks,the wireless link resources are shared for multicast delivery of data packets from a base station(BS)to many mobile nodes (MNs).To support IP multicasting,the Internet Group Management Protocol(IGMP)[3]is used in the wireless access networks. Each BS sends an IGMP query to local MNs,and those local MNs will respond with IGMP reports to BS.Then,this BS will solicit the multicast data packets by forwarding a membership report to its upstream multicast router(MR).In turn,MR requests multicast data packets to the Rendezvous Point(RP)using multicast routing protocols,such as Protocol Independent Multicast(PIM)[4],as shown in Fig.1.In the existing multicasting model,when MN moves into a new BS region by handover,it tends to induce unnecessary data transmissions from the old BS during the IGMP leave, since additional query/report messages shall be exchanged between MN and old BS to complete the leave operation. Moreover,the handover delay may get larger,since MN can receive multicast data from the new BS(or MR),only after the IGMP join operations are completed in the new network. To address these problems,we propose to use a Multicast Handover Agent(MHA).In the proposed handover scheme, an MHA is used to reduce unnecessary data transmissions by performing fast leave from the old network,and also to minimize handover delay of MN by performing“fast join”to the new network.Manuscript received April6,2010.The associate editor coordinating the review of this letter and approving it for publication was zarou.The authors are with the School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University,Daegu,Korea(e-mail:sjkoh@knu.ac.kr, moneebgohar@).Digital Object Identifier10.1109/LCOMM.2010.07.100558Fig.1.Existing IP multicasting model inMBMS/MBS.Fig.2.Simplified network model for multicast handover.II.M ULTICAST H ANDOVER O PERATIONSwork ModelTo describe the existing and proposed schemes,we consider a simplified network model,as depicted in Fig.2.In thefigure, MN performs L2handover by movement from BS1to BS2, and L3handover from BS2to BS3.It is assumed that each BS is equipped with an MHA in the proposed scheme.B.Existing Multicast HandoverWe describe the existing multicast handover schemes for L2and L3handovers,which are based on the works in[5]. To support handover,we consider the following L2triggers: Link-Detected(LD)and Link-Up(LU)of the new link,as per the IEEE802.21[6].Fig.3shows L2handover operations,in which we assume that MN is the last user to the multicast group in the network. When MN detects a new link,it sends an IGMP leave message to BSold.In turn,the BSold sends a leave message to MR.At this time,BSold will continue to transmit multicast data,until every MN in the access network leaves the group,which will be confirmed by exchanging additional query/leave messages. As MN moves further and gets an LU event of the new link,it establishes a link connection with BSnew and sends an IGMP report to BSnew and further to MR,if necessary.MN can now receive multicast data from BSnew.Fig.4shows L3handover operations,in which MN moves from MRold to MRnew.When a new link is detected,MN sends a leave message to BSold.Then,BSold will send a leave message to MRold.Similarly to Fig.3,some query1089-7798/10$25.00c⃝2010IEEEKOH and GOHAR:MULTICAST HANDOVER AGENTS FOR FAST HANDOVER IN WIRELESS MULTICAST NETWORKS677Fig.3.Existing L2multicasthandover.Fig.4.Existing L3multicast handover.messages are used to con firm the leave event.In L3handover,MN additionally needs to con figure its IP address (e.g.,by using DHCP).MN will use this IP address for delivery of IGMP messages in the new network.After that,MN sends an IGMP report to BSnew and toward MRnew.Then,the PIM join process is activated between MRnew and RP.C.Proposed MHA-based HandoverIn the proposed scheme,each MHA maintains a cache that contains the list of active MNs per group.This cache is used to support fast leave and join during handover,in which the list of active MNs may be maintained with a suitable timer.Fig.5shows the proposed L2handover operations with MHA.When LD trigger is detected,MN sends a leave message to BSold,and then MHA of BSold updates its cache.If MN is the last user to the group (this is con firmed by the cache),MHA shall stop data transmissions and send a leave message to MR.Note that any query message need not be used,since the cache gives enough information on the group leave.At the same time,MHA of BSold initiates the fast join with MHA of BSnew,in which we assume that the LD trigger contains the information of BSnew with the help of IEEE 802.21[6].Now,MHA of BSold sends a Handover Request (HO-REQ)message to MHA of BSnew.This HO-REQ message contains information of MN and group address,by which MHA of BSnew sends a report to MR.At this time,the multicast data will be buffered at BSnew.With LU event,a new link connection is established,and MN can receive multicast data from BSnew.Fig.6shows L3handover operations with MHA.Similarly to Fig.5,MHA of BSold will update its cache and stopdataFig.5.Proposed L2multicast handover withMHA.Fig.6.Proposed L3multicast handover with MHA.transmissions with an IGMP leave.For fast join,HO-REQ is transferred from MHA of BSold to MHA of BSnew,and MHA of BSnew will send an IGMP report to MRnew.Then,PIM join is performed between MRnew and RP.At this time,the multicast data will be buffered at BSnew.With the connection setup of a new link,MN can receive multicast data from BSnew,without IP address con figuration,since the join has already been completed when MN is in the old network.III.A NALYSIS OF H ANDOVER D ELAYFor performance analysis,we compare handover delays for the existing and proposed schemes.For analysis,we consider a network model of Fig.2,and de fine T A −B as the transmission delay between two nodes A and B .From Fig.3,we see that the handover delay (HOD)for the existing L2handover includes the following components:1)Transmission of IGMP leave from MN to MR via BSold,which is T MN −BS +T BS −MR ;2)Transmission of IGMP query from MR to MN via BSold,which is T BS −MR +T MN −BS ;3)Link connection setup time is ignored;4)Transmission of IGMP report from MN to MR via BSnew,which is T MN −BS +T BS −MR .Thus,the existing HOD L 2HO is represented as3T MN −BS +3T BS −MR(1)Similarly,in Fig.4,the HOD for existing L3multicast handover can be calculated with the following delays:1)IGMP leave/query between MN and BSold,and between BSold and MRold,which is 2T MN −BS +2T BS −MR ;2)Address con figuration to MRnew,which is T AC ;678IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS,VOL.14,NO.7,JULY2010Fig.7.Impact of transmission delay between MN andBS.Fig.8.Impact of transmission delay between BS and MR.3)Transmission of IGMP report from MN to BSnew and further to MRnew,which is T MN −BS +T BS −MR ;4)PIM join between MRnew and RP,which is 2T MR −RP .Thus,the existing HOD L 3HO is represented as3T MN −BS +3T BS −MR +2T MR −RP +T AC(2)On the other hand,in Fig.5,HOD for L2handover with the proposed MHA is obtained with the following components:1)IGMP leave message from MN to BSold,and from BSold to MR,which is T MN −BS +T BS −MR ;2)HO-REQ message from BSold to BSnew,T BS −BS ;3)IGMP report from BSnew to MR,which is T BS −MR .Thus,the proposed HOD MHA −L 2HO can beT MN −BS +2T BS −MR +T BS −BS(3)Finally,in Fig.6,HOD of the proposed L3handover with MHA can be calculated as follows:1)IGMP leave message from MN to BSold,and from BSold to MRold,which is T MN −BS +T BS −MR ;2)HO-REQ message from BSold to BSnew,T BS −BS ;3)IGMP report from BSnew to MRnew,T BS −MR .4)PIM join between MRnew and RP,which is 2T MR −RP .Thus,the proposed HOD MHA −L 3HO can beT MN −BS +2T BS −MR +T BS −BS +2T MR −RP(4)Now,we compare the handover delays of candidate schemes by numerical analysis.Based on the parameter values of the 3G cellular systems that were suggested in [7],we employ the parameter values as follows:T MN −BS is set to 10ms by default and varies from 1ms to 210ms;T BS −BS is set to 5ms;T BS −MR is set to 2ms by default and varies from 1ms to 56ms;and T MR −RP is set to 25ms.In addition,we set T AC to 100ms.Note that T MN −BS and T BS −MR vary because these values tend to depend on the dynamic network conditions.In Fig.7,we can see that the handover delays get larger for all the schemes,as T MN −BS increases.However,the proposed MHA schemes provide much smaller handover delays than the existing schemes for both L2and L3handovers.Moreover,it is noted that the gap of performances between the existing and proposed schemes gets larger,as T MN −BS increases.Fig.8shows that the proposed MHA schemes provide better performances than the existing ones,as T BS −MR increases.For a large value of T BS −MR ,the L3handover delay of the proposed scheme is smaller than the L2handover delay of the existing scheme.It is noted that this handover performance bene fit comes from the use of MHA,which is a special agent used for fast handover that shall be additionally deployed over BS in the network.IV.C ONCLUSIONThis Letter proposes a multicast handover agent (MHA)for support of fast handover in wireless multicast networks.From numerical analysis,we can see that the proposed schemes give much smaller handover delays than the existing ones.A CKNOWLEDGMENTThis research was supported by the IT Research and De-velopment program of MKE/KEIT(10035245)and the ITRC program of MKE/NIPA(NIPA-2010-C1090-1021-0002).R EFERENCES[1]3GPP TS 22.246,Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)UserServices,V7.0.0,Sep.1999.[2]T.jiang,et al.,“Multicast broadcast services support in OFDMA-basedWiMAX systems,”IEEE Commun.Mag.,pp.78-86,May 2008.[3]IETF RFC 5186,IGMPv3/MLDv2and Multicast Routing Protocol Inter-action,Aug.2007.[4]IETF RFC 4601,Protocol Independent Multicast -Sparse Mode (PIM-SM):Protocol Speci fication (Revised),Aug.2007.[5]I.Romdhani,et al.,“IP mobile multicast:challenges and solutions,”IEEECommun.Surveys and Tutorials ,vol.6,no.1,pp.18-41,Mar.2004.[6]IEEE 802.21,Local and Metropolitan Area Networks:Media IndependentHandover (MIH)Services,2006.[7]H.Faithi and R.Prasad,“Mobility management for V oIP in 3G systems:evaluation of low-latency handoff schemes,”IEEE Wireless Commun.,vol.12,no.2,pp.96-104,Apr.2005.。

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2G：2nd Generation Mobile Communications System 第二代移动通信系统3G，3GMS：3rd Generation Mobile Communications System 第三代移动通信系统3GPP：3rd Generation Partnership Project 第三代合作组织AAAA：Authentication, Authorization, Accounting 鉴权、授权、计费AAL1：ATM Adaptation Layer type 1 ATM 适配层类型1AAL2：ATM Adaptation Layer type 2 ATM 适配层类型2AAL5：ATM Adaptation Layer type 5 ATM 适配层类型5ABR：Available Bit Rate 可用比特率AC：Access Condition 接入条件ACCH：Associated Control Channel 随路控制信道ACIR： Adjacent Channel Interference Ratio 相邻信道干扰比ACK：Acknowledgement 应答ACL：Access Control List 访问控制列表ACLR：Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio 相邻信道泄漏功率比ACS：Adjacent Channel Selectivity 相邻信道选择性ADF：Application Dedicated File 应用专用文件ADM：Access condition to an EF which is under the control of the authority which creates this file 创建EF的专家控制下的EF 的接入条件AND：Abbreviated Dialling Numbers 按字母顺序排列的电话号码薄ADT：Adaptive Dynamic Threshold 自适应动态阀值AG：Access Gateway 接入网关AI：Acquisition Indicatior 捕获指示2AICH：Acquisition Indication Channel 捕获指示信道AID：Application IDentifier 应用标识符AIUR：Air Interface User Rate 空中接口用户速率AK：Anonymity key 匿名密钥ALCAP：Access Link Control Application Protocol 接入链路控制应用协议ALW：ALWays 一直AM：Account Management 计费管理AM：Acknowledged Mode 确认模式AMF：Authentication Management Field 鉴权管理域AMR：Adaptive MultiRate 自适应多速率AN：Access Network 接入网络ANSI：American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准组织AP：Access Point 接入点AP：Access Preamble 接入前导APDU：Application Protocol Data Unit 应用协议数据单元API：Application Programming Interface 应用程序接口APN：Access Point Name 接入点名称ARP：Address Resolution Protocol 地址解析协议ARQ：Automatic Repeat Request 自动重发请求AS：Application Server 应用服务器AS：Access Stratum 接入层ASC：Access Service Class 接入服务类ASCII：American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准码ASF：Application Server Function 应用服务器功能ASIC：Application Specific Integrated Circuit 专用集成电路ASN.1：Abstract Syntax Notation One 抽象语法编码1ASP：Application Server Process 应用服务器进程3ASP：Access Service Provider 接入服务提供商ATM：Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式AuC：Authentication Center 鉴权中心AUTN：Authentication token 鉴权令牌AWGN：Additive White Gaussian Noise 加性高斯白噪声BB-ISDN：Broadband ISDN 宽带ISDNBAIC：Barring of All Incoming Calls 限制所有入呼叫BAIC-Roam：Barring of All Incoming Calls when Roaming outside the home PLMN country 当漫游出归属PLMN 国家后，限制入呼叫BAOC：Barring of All Outgoing Calls 限制所有出局呼叫BAS：Broadband Access Server 宽带接入服务器BC：Billing Center 计费中心BCCH：Broadcast Control Channel 广播控制信道BCFE：Broadcast Control Functional Entity 广播控制功能实体BCH：Broadcast Channel 广播信道BER：Bit Error Rate 误码率BGP：Border Gateway Protocol 边界网关协议BHCA：Busy Hour Calling Attempt 忙时试呼次数BICC：Bearer Independent Call Control 承载无关呼叫控制BID ：Binding Identity 捆绑标识BIOS：Basic Input Output System 基本输入输出系统BITS：Building Integrated Timing Supply System 通信楼综合定时供给系统BLER：Block Error Rate 误块率BMC：Broadcast/Multicast Control 广播/组播控制BOIC：Barring of Outgoing International Calls supplementary service 禁止国际出局呼叫补充业务4BOIC-exHC：Barring of Outgoing International Calls except those directed to the Home PLMN Country限制所有除归属国外的国际出局呼叫BOM：Bill of Material 物料清单BPSK：Binary Phase Shift Keying 二进制移相键控BS：Billing System 计费系统BSC：Base Station Controller 基站控制器BSS：Base Station Subsystem 基站子系统BSSAP：Base Station Subsystem Application Part 基站子系统应用部分BTS：Base Transceiver Station 基站收发信台BWT：Block Waiting Time 块等待时间CC-APDU：Command APDU 命令APDUC-RNTI：Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity 小区无线网络临时识别符C-TPDU：Command TPDU 命令TPDUCA：Capacity Allocation 容量分配CAA：Capacity Allocation Acknowledgement 容量分配确认CAMEL：Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic 移动网络增强逻辑的客户化应用CAP：CAMEL Application Part CAMEL 应用部分CAR：Committed Access Rate 约定访问速度CBR：Constant Bit Rate 恒定比特率CBS：Cell Broadcast Service 小区广播业务CC：Call Control 呼叫控制CCBS：Completion of Calls to Busy Subscriber 呼叫忙用户的完成CCCH：Common Control Channel 公共控制信道CCF：Conditional Call Forwarding 条件呼叫前转5CCF：Call Control Function 呼叫控制功能CCH：Control Channel 控制信道CCM：Certificate Configuration Message 授权配置消息CCPCH：Common Control Physical Channel 公共控制物理信道CCTrCH：Coded Composite Transport Channel 编码合成传输信道CD：Collision Detection 碰撞检测CD：Capacity Deallocation 容量释放CDA：Capacity Deallocation Acknowledgement 容量释放确认CDMA：Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址接入CDR：Call Detail Record 呼叫详细记录CDV：Cell Delay Variation 信元时延抖动CDVT：Cell Delay Variation Tolerance 信元时延抖动容限CFB：Call Forwarding on mobile subscriber Busy 遇忙前转CFN：Connection Frame Number 连接帧号CFNRc：Call Forwarding on mobile subscriber Not Reachable 不可及前转CFNRy：Call Forwarding on No Reply 无应答呼叫前转CFU：Call Forwarding Unconditional 无条件呼叫前转CG：Charging Gateway 计费网关CGF：Charging Gateway Functionality 计费网关实体CLR：Cell Loss Rate 信元丢失率CLIP：Calling Line Identification Presentation supplementary service 主叫识别提供补充业务CLIR：Calling Line Identification Restriction supplementary service 主叫识别限制补充业务CM：Configuration Management 配置管理CM：Connection Management 连接管理CMM：Capability Mature Model 能力成熟度模型CN：Core Network 核心网络CNAP：Calling Name Presentation 主叫号码显示6CNL：Co-operative Network List 合作操作网络表CoLI：Connected Line Identity 被叫识别CoLP：Connected Line identification Presentation supplementary service 被叫识别提供补充业务CoLR：COnnected Line identification Restriction supplementary service 被叫识别限制补充业务CORBA：Common Object Request Broker Architecture 公用对象请求代理程序体系结构CPCH：Common Packet Channel 公共分组信道CPCS：Common Part Convergence Sublayer 公共聚合子层部分CPICH：Common Pilot Channel 公共导频信道CPLD：Complex Programmable Logical Device 可编程逻辑器件CPS：Common Part Sublayer 公共子层部分CPU：Central Processing Unit 中央处理器CRC：Cyclic Redundancy Code 循环冗余码CRC：Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验CRNC：Controlling Radio Network Controller 主控无线器CS：Circuit Switch 电路交换域CSCF：Call Session Control Function 呼叫会话控制功能CSE：Camel Service Environment CAMEL 服务环境CSI：CAMEL Subscription Information CAMEL 用户签约信息CTCH：Common Traffic Channel 公共业务信道CTDMA：Code Time Division Multiple Access 码分-时分多址CUG：Closed User Group 闭合用户群CW：Call Waiting 呼叫等待(补充业务)DDC：Dedicated Control (SAP) 专用控制(SAP)DCA：Dynamic Channel Allocation 动态信道分配DCFE：Dedicated Control Functional Entity 专用控制功能实体7DCCH：Dedicated Control Channel 专用控制信道DCH：Dedicated Channel 专用信道DDN：Defense Data Service 防卫数据网DL：Downlink (Forward link) 下行链路(前向链路)DNS：Domain Name Server 域名服务器DPC：Destination Point Code 目的地信令点编码DPCCH：Dedicated Physical Control Channel 专用物理控制信道DPCH：Dedicated Physical Channel 专用物理信道DPDCH：Dedicated Physical Data Channel 专用物理数据信道DoS：Denial of Service 拒绝服务DRAC：Dynamic Resource Allocation Control 动态资源分配控制DRNC：Drift Radio Network Controller 漂移无线网络控制器DRNS：Drift RNS 漂移RNSDRX：Discontinuous Reception 非连续接收DSCH：Downlink Shared Channel 下行共享信道DS-CDMA：Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access 直接序列码分多址DSP：Data Signal Processor 数字信号处理器DSS1：Digital Subscriber Signaling No.1 1 号数字用户信令(协议)DTCH：Dedicated Traffic Channel 专用业务信道DTMF：Dual Tone Multiple Frequency 双音多频DTX：Discontinuous Transmission 非连续发送EEACL：Expand ACL 扩展ACLEC：Echo Cancellation 回声消除Ec/No：Received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band 每码片接收能量/ 功率密度EIR：Equipment Identity Register 设备识别寄存器8EMC：Electro Magnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容性EMS：Element Management System 网元管理系统ETSI：European Telecommunications Standards Institute 欧洲电信标准组织FFA：Foreign Agent 外部代理FACH：Forward Access Channel 前向接入信道FAUSCH：Fast Uplink Signaling Channel 快速上行信令信道FBI：Feedback Information 反馈信息FCS：Fame Check Sequence 帧检测序列FDD：Frequency Division Duplex 频分双工FDDI：Fiber Distributed Digital Interface 光纤分布式数字接口FDMA：Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址FE：Fast Ethernet 快速以太网FEC：Forward Error Correction 前向纠错FER：Frame Error Rate 误帧率FFS：For Further Study 有待下一步研究FM：Fault Management 故障管理FPGA：Field Programmable Gate Array 现场可编程门阵列FPLMTS：Future Public Land Mobile Telephone System 未来陆地移动电话系统FR：Frame Relay 帧中继FTAM：File Transfer, Access and Management 文件传输、存取(访问)与管理FTAM：File Transfer Access and Management 文件传输接入与管理FTP：File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议GGC：General Control (SAP) 通用控制(SAP)9G-CDR：GGSN-CDR GGSN 产生的有关PDP context 的计费数据记录GE：Gigabit Ethernet 千兆以太网GF：Galois Field 伽罗华域GGSN：Gateway GPRS Support Node 网关GPRS 支持节点GMLC：Gateway Mobile Location Center 网关移动位置中心GMM：GPRS Mobility Management GPRS 移动性管理GMSC：Gateway Mobile-services Switching Center 网关移动业务交换中心GMT：Greenwich Mean Time 格林尼治标准时间GP：Guard Period 保护周期GPRS：General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线业务GPS：Global Position System 全球定位系统GRE：Generic Routing Encapsulation 通用路由封装GSM，GSM900，GSM1800：Global System for Mobile communications 全球移动通信系统，900MHz 的GSM 系统，1800MHz 的GSM 系统GSN：GPRS Support Node GPRS 支持节点GSPU：GGSN Signaling Process Unit GGSN 信令处理单元GT：Global Title 全球寻址码GTP：GPRS Tunneling Protocol GPRS 隧道协议GTP-C：GPRS Tunneling Protocol for control plane GPRS 隧道协议控制面GTP-U：User plane of GPRS Tunneling Protocol GPRS 隧道协议用户面GUI：Graphic User Interface 图形用户界面GW：GateWay 网关HH.248：H.248/Megaco protocol H.248 媒体网关控制协议HCS：Hierarchical Cell Structure 层次蜂窝结构HDLC：High Data Link Control 高速数据链路规程10HLR：Home Location Register 归属位置寄存器HO：Handover 切换HOLD：Call Hold 呼叫保持HPLMN：Home PLMN 归属PLMNHTTP：Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议HW：High Way 高速信号线IICMP：Internet Control Message Protocol 因特网控制报文协议ICP：Internet Content Provider 互联网内容提供商IDE：Integrated Device Electronics 集成设备电路IDP：Intercept Data Product 监听数据包IEC：International Electrotechnical Commission 国际电工委员会IETF：Internet Engineering Task Force 互联网工程任务组iGWB：iGateway Bill 计费网关IMA：Inverse Multiplexing on ATM ATM 反向复用IMEI：International Mobile station Equipment Identity 国际移动终端设备标识IMSI：International Mobile Subscriber Identity 国际移动用户标识IMT-2000：International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 国际移动通信系统2000 IN：Intelligent Network 智能网IP：Internet Protocol 互联网协议IPBCP：IP Bearer Control Protocol IP 承载控制协议IPCP：IP Control Plane IP 控制面IPOA：IP Over ATM ATM 承载IPIRI：Intercept Related Information 监听相关信息ISCP：Interference on Signal Code Power 信号码功率干扰ISCP：Interference Signal Code Power 干扰信号码功率11ISDN：Integrated Services Digital Network 综合业务数字网IS-IS：Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System 中间系统到中间系统路由协议ISP：Internet Service Provider 互联网业务提供商ISUP：ISDN User Part (of signalling system No.7) (七号信令之)ISDN 用户部分ITU：International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟(国际电联)ITU-T：ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector ITU 电信标准化组(部)JJD：Joint Detection 联合检测JTAG：Joint Test Action Group 联合测试行动小组KKbps：kilo-bits per second 千比特/秒LL1：Layer 1 (physical layer) 第一层(物理层)L2：Layer 2 (data link layer) 第二层(数据链路层)L3：Layer 3 (network layer) 第三层(网络层)LAC：Link Access Control 链路接入控制LAI：Location Area Identity 位置区域识别LAN：Local Area Network 局域网LCD：Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器LCS：Location Services 位置业务LDAP：Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 轻量级目录访问协议。

通信三网常用缩略语

通信三网常用缩略语

英文简称诠释16QAM16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation2G The Second Generation3G The Third Generation3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project3GPP23rd Generation Partnership Project 23M RRU Multi-band, MIMO, Multi-Standard-Radio RemoteRadio Unit4G The Fourth Generation64QAM64 Quadrature Amplitude ModulationAA Antenna ArrayAAA Authentication Authorization and AccountingAAL ATM Adaptation LayerAAL2ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2AAL5ATM Adaptation Layer Type 5AC Alternating CurrentACK AcknowledgedACK AcknowledgementACK/NACK Acknowledgement/Not-acknowledgementACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Power RatioACT Alarm Collector TerminalACTA Alarm Collector Terminal Alarm and Control Interface ACTC Alarm Collector Terminal ConnectionACTM Alarm Collector Terminal MasterACTP Alarm Collector Terminal Processor coreAD Analogue to DigitalADC Analogue to Digital ConverterAESA ATM End System AddressAF Application FunctionAFI Address Format IdentifierAGC Automatic Gain ControlA-GPS Network Assisted GPSAID Access Description DataAIS Alarm Indication SignalALCAP Access Link Control Application ProtocolALS Alarm StatusAM Acknowledged ModeAMBR Aggregate Maximum Bit RateAMC Adaptive Modulation and CodingAMN Alarm ManualAMPS Advanced Mobile Telephone SystemAMR Adaptive Multi-RateAMRC Adaptive Multi-Rate ControlAMS Adaptive MIMO SwitchingANR Automatic Neighbor RelationAOA Angle Of ArrivalAPN access Point NameAPS Automatic Protection SwitchARP Allocation and Retention PriorityARPU Average Revenue Per UserARQ Automatic Repeat RequestAS Access StratumASB Antenna Shelter BoxASIC Application Specific Integrated CircuitAST Administrative StateATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeAuC Authentication CenterAVS Availability StatusAwGN Additional White Gaussian NoiseAWS Advanced Wireless ServicesB3G Beyond 3GBAM Back Administration ModuleBBU BaseBand UnitBC BroadcastBCC Base Core ControllerBCCH Broadcast Control ChannelBCCH Broadcast Control ChannelBCH Broadcast ChannelBCH Broadcast ChannelBER Bit Error RateBHSA Busy Hour Session AttemptBIC Baseband Information ControllerBIE RNC Interface BoardBITS Building Integrated Timing Supply SystemBLER Block Error RateBLER Block Error RateBMC Broadcast/Multicast ControlBMML Basic Man Manchine LanguageBOOTP Bootstrap ProtocolBOSS Business and Operation Support SystemBPSK Binary Phase Shift KeyingBS Base StationBSC Base Station ControllerBSS Base Station SubsystemBTS Base Transceiver StationCAA Circular Antenna ArrayCAN Controller Area NetworkCATT China Academy of Telecommunications TechnologyCBC Cell Broadcast CenterCBR Constant Bit RateCBS Cell Broadcast ServiceCC Call ControlCC Chase CombiningCCB Core Control BoardCCCH Common Control ChannelCCCH Common Control ChannelCCE Control Channel ElementCCITT The International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative C CCP Communication Control PortCCPCH Common Control Physical ChannelCCTrCH Coded Composite Transport ChannelCDD Cyclic Delay DiversityCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCE Consultants EuropeCELL ID Cell IdentificationCEPT Committee of Europe Posts & TelephonesCFI Control Format IndicatorCID Cell IDCINR Carrier-to-Interference and Noise RatioCLI Command Line InterfaceCLPC Closed Loop Power ControlCML Command ManualCN Core NetworkCOM CommunicationCORBA Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureCP Cyclic PrefixCPC Continuous Packet ConnectivityCPE Customer-Premises EquipmentCPS Common Part SublayerCPU Central Processing UnitCQI Channel Quality IndicationCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckCRNC Controlling RNCC-RNTI Cell - Radio Network Temporary IdentifierCS Circuit SwitchedCS/PS circuit switched/packet switchedCSER Change state event reportCSV Comma Separation ValueCTC Common Transmit ClockingCTFC Calculated Transport Format CombinationCU Carrier UnitCWTS China Wireless Telecommunication Standard Group DA Digital to AnalogueDAI Downlink Assignment IndexD-AMPS Digital - Advanced Mobile Phone SystemDB DatabaseDBA Database AdministrationDBCH Dynamic Broadcast ChannelD-BCH Dynamic-Broadcast ChannelDBMS Database management systemDC Direct CurrentDC Direct CurrentDCA Dynamic Channel AllocationDCCH Dedicated Control ChannelDCCH Dedicated Control ChannelDCH Dedicated ChannelDC-HSDPA Dual Cell - HSDPADCI Downlink Control InformationDCMN Data Configuration ManualDCS Digital Cellular ServiceDDN Digital Data NetworkDFT Discrete Fourier TransformDHCP Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDISPRO Distribution and Protection UnitDL DownlinkDL DownlinkDLPC Downlink Power ControllDL-SCH Downlink - Shared ChannelDM RS Demodulation Reference SignalDMB RNC Power Distribution Monitor BoardDMRS Demodulation Reference SignalDOA Direction Of ArrivalDPC Destination Signaling Point CodeDPCH Dedicated Physical ChannelsDP-RAM Double Port-Random Access MemoryDPS Data Path SoftwareDRB Dedicated Radio BearerDRD Directed Retry DecisionDRNC Drift Radio Network ControllerDRS Demodulation Reference SignalDRX Discontinuous ReceptionDRX Discontinuous ReceptionDS1Digital Signal,Level1DSP Digital Signal ProcessingDSSS Direct Sequence Spread SpectrumDT Direct TunnelDTCH Dedicated Traffic ChannelDTCH Dedicated Traffic ChannelDTX Discontinuous TransmissionDTX Discontinuous TransmissionDwPCH Downlink Pilot ChannelDwPTS Downlink Pilot TimeslotDwPTS Downlink Pilot TimeslotE3G Evolved 3GEARFCN E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM EvolutionEDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM EvolutionEFR Enhanced Full RateE-GSM Extended GSMEIR Equipment Identity RegisterEIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated PowerEM Element ManagementEMC Electro Magnetic CompatibilityEMF Electromagnetic FieldsEMI Electro Magnetic InterferenceEMM EPS Mobility ManagementEMS Element Management SystemeNodeB E-URTA Node BEPC Evolved Packet CoreEPLMN Equivalent HPLMNEPRE Energy Per Resource ElementEPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryEPS Evolved Packet SystemE-RAB EPS Radio Access BearerESD Electrostatic DischargeESM EPS Session ManagementETACS Extended Total Access Communication System ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning SystemE-UTRA Evolved - Universal Terrestrial Radio AccessE-UTRAN Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkEV-DO Evolution-Data OptimizedFACH Forward Access ChannelFAM Front Administration ModuleFBN Frequency Band NumberFC Fast ControlFDD Frequency Division DuplexFDD Frequency Division DuplexFDM Frequency Division MultiplexingFDMA Frequency Division Multiple AccessFDMA Frequency Division Multiple AccessFEC Forward Error CorrectionFEC Forward Error CorrectionFER Frame Error RateFFR Fractional Frequency ReuseFFT Fast Fourier TransformFHSS Frequency Hopping Spread SpectrumFM Frequency ModulationFMO Functional Managed ObjectsFMR RNC Radio Frame Processing BoardFP Frame ProtocolFPACH Fast Physical Access ChannelFPGA Field Programmable Gate ArrayFSTD Frequency Switched Transmit DiversityFTP File Transfer ProtocolFW FirmwareGB GigabyteGBR Guaranteed Bit RateGERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access NetworkGGSN Gateway GPRS Support NodeGGSN Gateway GPRS Support NodeGHz GigahertzGIS Geographical Information SystemGLT Graphical Local TerminalGMM GPRS Mobility ManagementGMSC Gateway MSCGP Guard PeriodGPRS General Packet Radio ServiceGPRS General Packet Radio SystemGPS Global Positioning SystemGRU GPS Receiving UnitGSM Global System for Mobile communications GSM Global System for Mobile communication GSMA GSM AssociationGTP-C Control plane part of GPRS Tunneling Protocol GTPU User Plane Part of GPRS Tunneling Protocol GTP-U User plane part of GPRS Tunneling Protocol GUI Graphic User InterfaceGUTI Globally Unique Temporary IdentifierHARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat RequestHC Handover ControlHDLC High Level Data Link ControlHFN Hyper Frame NumberHI HARQ IndicatorHLR Home Location RegisterHMN Hardware ManualHMO Hardware Managed ObjectHPI Host-Port InterfaceHPLMN Home PLMNHPU RNC High speed Packet processing board HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched DataHSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet AccessHSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet AccessHS-DSCH High Speed Downlink Shared ChannelHSPA High Speed Packet AccessHSS Home Subscriber ServerHSS Home Subscriber ServerHS-SCCH Shared Control Channel for HS-DSCHHS-SCCH High Speed - Shared Control ChannelHS-SICH Share Information Channel for HS-DSCHHSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet AccessHSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet DataHTML Hyper Text Markup LanguageHTTP Hyper Text Transport ProtocolHW HardwareICI Inter Carriers InterferenceICP IMA Control ProtocolID IdentityIDEA Integrated Data Environment of ApplicationsIDF Inventory Data FileIDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier TransformIDT Inventory Data TableIE Information ElementIFFT Inverse Fast Fourier TransformIM IP MultimediaIMA Inverse Multiplexing on ATMIMEI International Mobile Station Equipment Identity IMEI International Mobile Equipment IdentityIMN Installation ManualIMS IP Multimedia Core Network SubsystemIMS IP Multimedia SubsystemIMSI International Mobile Subscriber IdentityIMSI International Mobile Subscriber IdentityIMT Advanced International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced IMT-2000International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 IMT2000International Mobile Telecommunications - 2000 IMUN International Mobile User NumberINT InterpolatorIP Internet ProtocolIP Internet ProtocolIPC Inter-Process CommunicationIPoA Internet Protocols over ATMIR Incremental RedundancyIRC Interference Rejection CombiningIRP Integration Reference PointIS-136Interim Standard 136ISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISI Inter Symbol InterferenceISI Inter Symbol InterferenceISO International Organization for Standardization ISUP ISDN User PartITC Independent Transmit ClockingITMN Installation Test ManualITU International Telecommunication UnionITU International Telecommunication UnionIu-UP Iu U-planeIWF Inter Working FunctionJ2EE Java 2 Enterprise EditionJD Joint DetectionL1Layer 1L2Layer 2L3Layer 3LA Location AreaLAA List of Active AlarmsLAC Location Area CodeLAI Location Area IdentificationLAN Local Area NetworkLC Load ControlLCID Logical Channel IdentifierLCR Low Chip RateLCR Low Chip RateLCS Location ServiceLDPC Low-Density Parity-Check codeLED Light Emitting DiodeLID Link IdentifierLIPO Lightning Protection Output PanelLMT Local Maintenance TerminalLMT-B Local Maintenance Terminal of Node BLMT-R Local Maintenance Terminal of RNCLNA Low Noise AmplifierLNA Low Noise AmplifierLPU RNC Line Processing BoardLR Location RegistrationLRU Least Replaceable UnitsLS Least SquaresLSA Localised Service AreaLSB Least significant bitLSTI LTE SAE Trial InitiativeLTE Long Term EvolutionLVDS Low Voltage Differential SignalingM3UA MTP3 User Adaptation LayerMAC Medium Access ControlMAC Medium Access ControlMACD Media Access Control-DMAC-hs Medium Access Control for HSDPAMAI Multiple Access InterferenceMAP Mobile Application PartMAPL Maximum Allowed Path LossMBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service MBSFN Multicast/Broadcast Singal Frequency Network MCC Mobile Country CodeMCPA Multi Carrier Power AmplifierMCS Modulation and Coding SchemeMCW Multiple Code WordMDSP Mobile Data Service CenterME Mobile EquipmentMFqN Max Frequency NumberMFT Module Functional TestMGW Media GatewayMGW Media GatewayMIB Management Information BaseMIB Master Information BlockMIMO Multiple Input Multiple OutputMIPS Million Instructions Per SecondMIT Managed Information TreeMM Mobility ManagementMM multimedia messageMME Mobility Management EntityMMI Man Machine InterfaceMML Man-Machine LanguageMMN Maintenance ManualMMN-P Maintenance Manual-PartMMN-R Maintenance Manual-RoutineMMN-T Maintenance Manual-Troubleshooting MMSE Minimum Mean Square ErrorMNC Mobile Network CodeMO Managed ObjectMOC Managed Object ClassMP Modification PeriodMPU RNC switch module Main Processing Board MRC Maximum Ratio CombiningMSB Most Significant BitMSC Mobile Switching CentreMSC Mobile Switching CentreMSR Multi Standard RadioMSU Main Supply UnitMTBF Mean Time Between FailuresMTP3-B Message Transfer Part level 3（Broadband）MTTR Mean Time To RepairMU-MIMO Multi User - MIMOMUT Mounting UnitMUX RNC Multiplexing boardNA Not AvaliableNACK Negative AcknowledgementNAS Non-Access StratumNAS Non Access StratumNB Normal BurstNBAP Node B Application PartNBI North Bound InterfaceNCP NodeB Control PortNDI New Data IndicatorNE Network ElementNET RNC Network Switch BoardNGMN Next Generation Mobile NetworkNI Network IdentificationNM Network ManagementNMS Network Management SubsystemNOB nob_RIUs onlyNodeB TD-SCDMA Base StationNRT-VBR Non-realtime Transmission Variable Bit RateNSAP Network Service Access PointNT Network TerminationNTDD Narrow TDDNTP Network Time ProtocolO&M Operation and MaintenanceOCU Oscillator Control UnitOC-VCXO Oven Controlled-Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator OEM Original Equipment ManufactureOFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingOFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access OLPC Open Loop Power ControlOMC Operation and Maintenance CenterOMN Operation ManualOMP Operation and Maintenance ProcessorOMT Operation and Maintenance TerminalOOK On-Off KeyingOPB RNC Overvoltage Protection BoardOPC Originating Signaling Point CodeOPEX Operating ExpenditureOS Operating SystemOSP Original Signalling PointOSS Operation Support SystemOST Operational StateOTB RNC Overvoltage Protection Transfer BoardOTDOA Observed Time Difference of ArrivalOTP Open Test PlatformOTS Offline Tool SetOVPT Overvoltage Protection and TracerOVSF Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorPAA Planar Antenna ArrayPAPR Peak to Average Power RatioPBCH Physical Broadcast ChannelPC Power ControlPC Personal ComputerPCB Protocol Control BytePCC Policy and Charging ControlPCCH Paging Control ChannelPCCH Paging Control ChannelPCCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel PCFICH Physical Control Format Indication ChannelPCH Paging ChannelPCH Paging ChannelPCM Pulse Code ModulationPCRF Policy Control and Charging Rules FunctionPCS Personal Communication SystemPCS Personal Communications ServicePDCCH Physical Downlink Control ChannelPDCP Packet Data Convergence ProtocolPDCP Packet Data Convergence ProtocolPDN Packet Data NetworkPDN-GW Packet Data Network - GatewayPDP Packet Data ProtocolPDSCH Physical Downlink Shared ChannelPDSCH Physical Downlink Shared ChannelPDU Protocol Data UnitPF Paging FramePGC Programmable Gain ControlPGND Protection GroundingP-GSM Primary GSMPH Power HeadroomPHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator ChannelPHR Power Headroom ReportPHY Physical LayerPICH Page Indication ChannelPID Product Identification DataPID-EEPROM Product Information Data-Electrical Erasable Programmab PLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPLMN ID PLMN IdentificationPMC Performance Measurements Counter manualPMCH Physical multicast channelPMI Precoding Matrix IndicationPMIP Proxy Mobile IPPMMF Performance Measurements Message Flow manual PMMN Performance Measurements ManualPO Paging OccasionPON Passive Optical NetworkPPP Point-to-Point Protocolpps pulse per secondPRACH Physical Random Access ChannelPRACH Physical Random Access ChannelPRB Physical Resource BlockPRC ProcessingPRL Processor LoadPROMO Protection ModulePRS Pseudo-Random SequencePRTDSV Protection Device for GPSPS Packet SwitchedPS Packet SwitchedP-S Parallel to SerialPSPDN Packet Switched Public Data NetworkPSS Primary Synchronization SignalPSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkPSU Power Supply UnitPTM Point-To-MultipointPTP Point-To-PointPUCCH Physical Uplink Control ChannelPUCO PCM/UMTS Coding ProcessorPUSCH Physical Uplink Shared ChannelPUSCH Physical Uplink Shared ChannelPVC Permanent Virtual CircuitQAAL2AAL2 Signaling ProtocolQAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationQCI QoS Class IdentifierQoS Quality of ServiceQoS Quality of ServiceQPP Quadratic Permutation PolynomialQPSK Quadri Phase Shift KeyQPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingRA Routing AreaRA Random AccessRAB Radio Access BearerRAC Routing Area CodeRACH Random Access ChannelRACH Random Access ChannelRAI Routing Area IdentificationRAN Radio Access NetworkRAN Radio Access NetworkRANAP Radio Access Network Application Part RAPID Random Access Preamble IdentifierRA-RNTI Random Access - RNTIRAT Radio Access TechnologyRB Resource BlockRBG Resource Block GroupRBR RNC Business RackRBS RNC Business SubrackRE Resource ElementREG Resource Element GroupRF Radio FrequencyRFDRXM Radio Frequency Double Receiver Module RFDTXM Radio Frequency Double Transmitter Module RFN Radio Frame NumberRFTRXU Radio Frequency Transceiver UnitRFU Radio Frequency UnitR-GSM Railways GSMRI Rank IndicationRISC Reduced Instruction Set ComputingRIV Resource Indication ValueRL Radio LinkRLC Radio Link ControlRLS Radio Link SetRMI Remote Method InvocationRNC Radio Network ControllerRNC Radio Network ControllerRNC ID RNC IdentificationRNS Radio Network SubsystemRNSAP Radio Network Subsystem Application Part RNTI Radio Network Temporary IdentityRNTI Radio Network Temporary IdentityRRC Radio Resource ControlRRC Radio Resource ControlRRM Radio Resource ManagementRRU Remote Radio UnitRS Reference SignalRSCP Received Signal Code PowerRSR RNC Switch RackRSRP Reference Signal Received PowerRSRQ Reference Signal Received QualityRSS RNC Switching Subrack->RNC Switch Subrack RSSI Received Signal Strength IndicatorRTP Real Time ProtocolRU Resource UnitRV Redundancy VersionRX ReceiveS/I Signal-to-Interference RatioS1S1SA Service AreaSAAL Signaling ATM Adaptation LayerSABP Service Area Broadcast ProtocolSAC Service Area CodeSAE System Architecture EvolutionSAI Service Area IdentificationSAL Shelter AlarmsSAP Service Access PointSAW Stop And WaitSCCP Signaling Connection and Control PartSCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical ChannelSC-FDMA Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access SCG System Clock GenerationSCH Synchronization ChannelSCH Synchronization SignalSCTP Stream Control Transmission ProtocolSDASI Serial Debug And Synchronization InterfaceSDH Synchronous Digital HierarchySDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SDU Service Data UnitSELIC Serial Link Interface ControllerSF Spreading FactorSFBC Space Frequency Block CodingSFM Shadow Fading MarginSFN System Frame NumberSFR Soft Frequency ReuseSGIP Short Message Gateway Interface ProtocolSGSN Serving GPRS Support NodeS-GW Serving GatewaySI System InformationSIB System Infromation BlockSIB System Information BlockSINR Signal-to-Interference and Noise RatioSIPROC Signal Processing UnitSIR Signal to InterferenceSI-RNTI System Information - Radio Network TemporaryIdentifierSLC Signaling Link CodeSM Session managementSM Spatial MultiplexingSMS Short Message ServiceSMS Short Message ServiceSMSC Short Message Service CenterSMTP Simple Message Transfer ProtocolSNR Signal to Noise RatioSNTP Simple Network Time ProtocolSON Self Organization NetworkSP Signaling PointS-P Serial to ParallelSQL Structured Query LanguageSR Scheduling RequestSRB Signaling Radio bearSRB Signaling Radio BearerSRI Scheduling Request IndicationSRNC Serving Radio Network ControllerSRS Sounding Reference SignalSRVCC Single Radio Voice Call ContinuitySS7Signaling System No.7SSCF Service Specific Coordination FunctionSSCF-NNI Service Specific Coordination Function-Network Node Inte SSCF-UNI Service Specific Coordination Function-User Network Inte SSCOP Service Specific Connection Oriented ProtocolSSN Sub-System NumberSSS Secondary Synchronization SignalSSSAR Service Specific Segmentation and ReassemblySTB RNC Signals Transfer BoardSTC Space Time CodingSTM Synchronous Transfer ModeSTP Signaling Transfer PointSU-MIMO Single User - MIMOSW SoftwareSWI Software ImageSWIPA Switch Power AmplifierSWL Software LoadSYNC-DL Synchronous DownlinkSYNC-UL Synchronous UplinkTA Time AdvanceTA Tracking AreaTAC Technical Assistance CenterTAC Tracking Area CodeTACS Total Access Communications SystemTAD Test AdapterTADCU Traces Test Adapter Carrier UnitTAI Tracking Area IdentityTB Transport BlockTB Transport BlockTBS Transport Block SetTBS Transport Block SetTCO Total Cost of OperationTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet ProtocolTD Transmit DiversityTD-CDMA Time Division CDMATDD Time Division DuplexTDD Time Division DuplexTDI Time Division InterfaceTD-LTE Time Division Long Term EvolutionTDM Time Division MultiplexTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessTD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access TD-SCDMA Time Division Synchronous CDMATE Test EquipmentTF Transport FormatTFC Transport Format CombinationTFCI Transport Format Combination IndicatorTFCS Transport Format Combination SetTFI Transport Format IdentificationTFO/TrFO Tandem Free Operation/Transcoder Free Operation TFqN Test Frequency NumberTFS Transport Format SetTFT Traffic Flow TemplateTFTP Trivial File Transfer ProtocolTM Transparent ModeTMA Tower Mounted AmplifierTMN Telecommunication Management NetworkTMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber IdentifierTOP Task-oriented ProcedureTPC Transmit Power ControlTPC Transmit Power ControlTPMI Transmitted Precoding Matrix IndicatorTR Transceiver DSPTrCH Transport ChannelTrFO Transcoder Free OperationT-RNC TD-SCDMA Radio Network ControllerTRX TransceiverTS TimeslotTSCP Transmit Signal Code PowerTSTD Time Switched Transmit DiversityTTI Transmission Time IntervalTTI Transmission Time IntervalTX TransmitTX TransmitUBR Unspecified Bit RateUCI Uplink Control InformationUDP User Datagram ProtocolUDP User Datagram ProtocolUDPAP User Datagram Protocol Application PartUE User EquipmentUE User EquipmentUL UplinkUL UplinkULA Uniform Linear ArrayULPC Uplink Power ControlUL-SCH Uplink Shared ChannelUM Unacknowledged ModeUMB Ultra Mobile BroadbandUMN User ManualUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemUNI User-to-Network InterfaceUpPCH Uplink Pilot ChannelUpPTS Uplink Pilot Time SlotUpPTS Uplink Pilot Time SlotURA UTRA Registration AreaURL universal resource locatorUSCH Uplink Shared ChannelUSIM UMTS Subscriber Identity ModuleUSIM Universal Subscriber Identity ModuleUSSD unstructured supplementary service dataUTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkVBR Variable Bit RateVC Virtual ChannelVCC Virtual Channel ConnectionVCG Virtual Channel GroupVCI Virtual Channel IdentifierVCL Virtual Channel LinkVCTTP Virtual Channel Trial Termination PointVCXO Voltage Controlled Crystal OscillatorVLAN Virtual LANVLR Visitor Location RegisterVMIMO Virtual MIMOVoIP Voice over IPVP Virtual PathVP Video PhoneVpCTP Virtual Path Connection Termination PointVPI Virtual Path IdentifierVPTTP Virtual Path Trial Termination PointVRB Virtual Resource BlockW1TM RNC One STM-4 ATM Multi-mode optical sub-boardW1TS RNC One STM-4 ATM Single mode optical sub-boardW4AM RNC Four 155M ATM Multi-mode optical sub-boardW4AS RNC Four 155M ATM Single mode optical sub-board WAN Wide Area NetworkWAP Wireless Application ProtocolWAP GW Wireless Application Protocol GatewayWBIE TD-SCDMA RNC Interface BoardWCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple AccessWDMB TD-SCDMA RNC Power Distribution Monitor BoardWFIU TD-SCDMA RNC Fan Interface UnitWFMR TD-SCDMA RNC Radio Frame Processing BoardWFSM TD-SCDMA RNC Fan Status Monitoring UnitWHPU TD-SCDMA RNC High Speed Packet Processing Board WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave AccessWINS Windows Internet Name ServiceWLPU TD-SCDMA RNC Line Processing BoardWMPU TD-SCDMA RNC Main Processing BoardWMUX TD-SCDMA RNC System Multiplexing BoardWNET TD-SCDMA RNC Network Switch BoardWOME TD-SCDMA RNC Multi-mode Optical interface board of E1 WOPB TD-SCDMA RNC Overvoltage ProtectionWOSE TD-SCDMA RNC Single Mode Optical Interface Board of WOTB TD-SCDMA RNC Overvoltage Protection Transfer Board WRBR TD-SCDMA RNC Bussiness RackWRBS TD-SCDMA RNC Bussiness SubrackWRSR TD-SCDMA RNC Switch RackWRSS TD-SCDMA RNC Switch SubrackWSPU TD-SCDMA RNC Signalling Processing BoardWSTB TD-SCDMA RNC Signals Transfer BoardWWW World Wide Web X2X2ZC Zadoff-Chu16正交幅度调制第二代（移动通信系统）第三代（移动通信系统）第三代移动通信伙伴组织第三代移动通信标准化伙伴项目二多频段、MIMO、多模 远程射频单元第四代（移动通信系统）64正交幅度调制天线阵认证、鉴权和计费ATM适配层ATM适配层类型2ATM适配层类型5交流电确认确认应答/非应答邻道泄漏功率比告警收集终端告警收集终端告警及控制接口告警收集终端连接器主告警收集终端告警收集终端处理核心模数转换模数转换单元ATM终端系统地址应用实体地址格式标识自动增益控制网络辅助全球定位系统接入表述数据告警指示信号接入链路控制应用协议告警状态确认模式合计最大比特率自适应调制编码告警手册先进移动电话系统自适应多速率自适应多速率控制自适应MIMO切换自动邻区关系到达方位角接入点名称自动保护转换接入保持优先级用户月均消费自动重传请求接入层天线保护盒专用集成电路可用状态加性高斯白噪声高级无线服务，北美地区分配的FDD频段后3G后台管理模块基带处理单元广播基站核心控制器广播控制信道广播控制信道广播信道广播信道误比特率忙时会话次数基带信息控制器RNC接口板数字通信时间频率同步供给系统误块率误块率广播/组播控制基本人机语言引导装载协议运营支撑系统双相相移键控基站基站控制器基站子系统基站收发机圆形天线阵控制器区域网络中国电信技术研究院小区广播中心恒定比特率小区广播业务呼叫控制Chase合并核心控制板公共控制信道公共控制信道控制信元国际电报电话咨询委员会通信控制端口公共控制物理信道编码复合传输信道循环时延分集码分多址码分多址欧洲咨询委员会小区标识欧洲邮电行政会议控制格式指示。

NBIoT培训资料

NBIoT培训资料

在LTE10M带宽时，带内部署一个 或者两个eMTC载频，根据优先级 联合调度LTE与eMTC的资源，NBIoT采用Guard Band方式部署
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新疆电信NB-IoT LTE800M部署计划---全疆城区、县城、农村扩大+重点村叠加
依据 竞争对标：新疆移动将在2018年所有县城及
以上区域和农村重点区域部署NB网络 聚焦业务发展：城区、县城及部分农村需具
根据传输速率的不同，可将物联网业务进行高、中、低速的区分： 高速率业务：主要使用3G、4G技术，例如车载物联网设备和监控摄像头， 对应的业务特点要 求实时的数据传输； 中等速率业务：主要使用GPRS技术，例如居民小区或超市的储物柜，使用频率高但并非实时使 用，对网络传输速度的要求远不及高速率业务； 低速率业务：业界将低速率业务市场归纳为LPWAN（Low Power Wide Area Network）市场， 即低功耗广域网。目前还没有对应的蜂窝技术，多数情况下通过GPRS技术勉力支撑，从而带来了成 本高、影响低速率业务普及度低的问题。 也就是说目前低速率业务市场急需开拓，而低速率业务市场其实是最大的市场，如建筑中的灭 火器、科学研究中使用的各种监测器，此类设备在生活中出现的频次很低，但汇集起来总数却很可 观，这些数据的收集用于各类用途，比如改善城市设备的配置等等。 而NB-IoT就是一种新的窄带蜂窝通信LPWAN(低功耗广域网)技术，可以帮助我们解决这个问 题。
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NB-IoT的产业链
相对于传统产业，物联网的产业生态比较庞大，需要从纵向产业链和横向技术标准两 个维度多个环节进行分析。
对于低功耗广域网络，从纵向来看，目前已形成从“底层芯片—模组—终端—运营 商—应用”的完整产业链。
中国电信正在积极跟进NB-IoT技术发展，并正式立项对NB-IoT关键技术、 终端和业务开展研发。在具体部署方案上，将基于全覆盖的800M LTE网络部署 NB-IoT；基站同时支持LTE和NB-IoT与800MLTE基站共享基带、射频及天馈资源。 同时，为了规避可能的频率干扰，并考虑LTE800后续演进的灵活性，优先考虑独 立工作模式。
通信中缩写

通信中缩写

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project3GPP2 Third Generation Partnership Project 2AA Anchor AuthenticationAAA Authorization, Authentication and Accounting 授权、鉴权、计费AAA Proxy An intermediary for transparently routing and/or processing AAA messages sent between a AAA client and a AAA serverAAA Server Computer system performing AAA services (authentication, authorization, accounting)AAA-V AAA proxy server located within the visited networkAAS Adaptive Antenna System 自适应天线系统AC Admission ControlACID ARQ channel IDAES Advanced Encryption Standard 高级加密算法AF Application FunctionAI Antenna indexAI_SN ARQ identifier sequence numberAK Authentication KeyAMC Adaptive modulation and coding 自适应调制编码AP Access point 接入点API Application Program InterfaceARQ Automatic Repeat Request 自动重复请求ASA Authentication and service authorization 鉴权和服务授权ASCA Adjacent subcarrier allocationASN Access Service NetworkASP Application Service ProviderASR Anchor switch reportingATDD Adaptive time-division duplexing 自适应时分复用ATM Asynchronous Transfer mode 异步传输模式AWGN Additive white Gaussian noise 加性高斯白噪声BE Best effort 尽力而为BER Bit error rate 误码率BPRI Burst profile ranking indicatorBPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying 二相相移键控BR Bandwidth RequestBS Base Station 基站BSC Base station control 基站控制器BSN Back sequence numberBSN Block sequence numberBTC Block turbo code 块Turbo码BTS Base transceiver station 基站收发信机BU Binding UpdateBW Bandwidth 带宽BWA Broadband Wireless Access 宽带无线接入BW AA Bandwidth allocation / access 带宽分配/接入CBC Cipher block chaining 密码块链CBC-MAC Cipher block chaining message authentication code 密码块链消息鉴权码CBR Constant bit rate 常数比特率CCH Control subchannel 控制子信道CCM CTR mode with CBC-MACCCoA Collocated Care of AddressCDMA Code division multiple access 码分多址CDMA2000 3rd Generation Code Division Multiple Access Radio TechnologyCID Connection IDentifier 连接标识CII CID inclusion indicationCINR Carrier to interference-plus-noise ratio 载干比CIR Carrier to interference ratio 载干比CIOQ Combined input-output queued 输入输出排队CLP Cell loss priority 信元丢失优先级CLR Cell loss ratio 蜂窝丢失比CMAC Cipher-based message authentication code 基于加密的消息鉴权码CMIP Client Mobile IPCN Core network 核心网COA Care of AddressCOA Change of authorizationCOS Class of ServiceCP Cyclic prefix 循环前缀CPE Customer premise equipment 客户端设备CPLT CompleteCPS Common Part Sublayer 公共部分子层CQI Channel quality information 信道质量信息CQICH Channel quality information channel 信道质量信息信道CRC Cyclic Redundency Check 循环冗余校验CS Convergence Sublayer 汇聚子层CSDPS Channel state dependent packet scheduling 依赖信道状态的分组调度CSIT Channel state information at the transmitter 发送侧信道状态信息CSMA/CA Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance 载波侦听多点接入/冲突避免CSN Connectivity Service NetworkCT CQI typeCTC Convolutional turbo codes 卷积turbo码CTD Cell transfer delay 蜂窝转移时延CTI Coherent time indexCTR Counter mode encryptionCTS Clear to sendDAD Duplicate Address DetectionDAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Accese 按需分配多址接入DA VIC Digital audio visual council 数字音频可视委员会dBi Decibels of gain relative to the zero dB gain of a free-space isotropic radiatordBm Decibels relative to one milliwattDBPC Downlink burst profile changeDCDCA Dynamic channel allocation 动态信道分配DCD Downlink channel descriptor 下行信道描述符DCF Distributed coordination function 分布式协调功能DECT Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications 数字增强型无绳通信DES Data encryption standard 数据加密标准DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection 动态频率选择DHCP Dynamic host configuration protocol 动态主机配置协议DIUC Downlink interval usage code 下行间隔使用码DL Downlink 下行DLFP Downlink frame. prefixDNS Domain Name ServiceDOCSIS Data over cable system interface specification 有线电缆数据服务接口规范DoS Denial of ServiceDP Data pathDP Decision pointDPF Data path functionDSA Dynamic service addition 动态服务流添加DSC Dynamci service change 动态服务流更改DS-CDMA Direct spread CDMA 直扩码分多址DSCP Differentiated services code point 区分服务编码DSD Dynamic service delete 动态服务流删除DSL Digital Subscriber LineDTDMA 分布式时分多址DVB Digital video broadcastE2E End-to-EndE911 US Emergency ServicesEAP Extensible authentication protocol 扩展鉴权协议EAP-AKA EAP Authentication and Key Agreement to be used with USIMEAP-SIM EAP Subscriber Identity Module to be used with SIMEAP-TLS EAP with TLSEAPMSCHAPv2 Microsoft* Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol version 2 EC Encryption codeECB Electronic code bookECRTP Enhanced compressed real time protocolEDE Electronic data exchangeEDF Earliest deadline first 最早到期优先EIK EAP integrity keyEIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power 等效全向辐射功率EP Encoded packetEP Enforcement pointERT Extended Real-TimeertPS Extended Real-Time Polling SystemESF Extended subheader fieldETE End to end 端到端ETSI European telecommunication standards institute 欧洲电信标准协会EVM Error vector magnitude 误差矢量幅度FA Foreign Agent 外部代理FA Frequency assignment 频率分配FBSS Fast base station switching 快速基站转换FCA Fixed channel header 固定信道分配FCAPS Fault Configuration Accounting Performance and SecurityFCC Federal communications commisstion 联邦通信委员会FCH Frame. control header 帧控制头FDD Frequency division duplexing 频分双工FDMA Frequency division multiple access 频分多址FEC Forward error correction 前向纠错FFT Fast Fourier transform. 快速傅立叶变换FHDC Frequency hopping diversity codingFIFO First in first out 先入先出FL Frame. latencyFLI Frame. latency indicationFPC Fast power controlFQDN Fully Qualified Domain NameFSN Forward sequence numberFUSC Full usage of subchannels 完全利用子信道FWA Fixed Wireless Access 固定无线接入GKEK Group key encryption keyGMH Generic MAC headerGPC Grant per connection 每连接授予GPRS General Packet Radio ServicesGPSS Grant per subscriber station 每站点授予GRE Generic Routing EncapsulationGRF Gain reduce factor 增益减少因之GSA Group Security AssociationGSM Global system for mobile communications 全球移动通信系统GTEK Group traffic encryption keyGW GatewayH-ARQ Hybrid automatic repeat request 混合自动请求重传HA Home AgentHAO Home address optionHCS Header check sequenceHFDD Half FDDHLHLA Hotline applicationHLD Hotline deviceHMAC Hashed message authentication code 哈希消息鉴权码HNSP Home network service providerHO Handover 切换HO ID Handoff IdentifierHoA MS Home AddressHOL Head of line 队列顶端Hotspot Public location such as an airport or hotel where WLAN services have been deployedHSDPA High speed downlink packet access 高速分组下行链路接入HT Header type 报头类型HTTP HyperText Transfer ProtocolICI Inter channel interference 信道间干扰IE Information element 信息单元IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIEEE 802.3 IEEE standard specification for EthernetIETF Internet engineering task force 互联网工程任务组IFFT Inverse fast Fourier transform. 反快速傅立叶变换IID Interface IdentifierIK Integrity KeyIMS IP Multimedia sybsytem IP多媒体子系统IPsec IP Security –A network-layer security standard providing data privacy, integrity, and replay protection.IPv4 Internet Protocol Version 4IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6IR Incremental redundancyIQ Input queued 输入排队ISF Initial service flowISI Inter symbol interference 符号间干扰ITU International telecommunication union 国际电信联盟IWF Internetworking FunctionIWFQ Ideal wireless fair queue 理想无线公平队列IWG Inter-working GatewayIWU Internetworking UnitKDFKEK Key encrypt keysLAN Local area network 局域网LBS Location Based ServicesLDPC Low-density parity-check 低密度校验码LLC Logical Link Control 逻辑链路控制LMDS Local multipoint Distribute service 本地多点分配业务LSB Least Significant Bit 最低比特位LoS Line of Sight 视距LPF Local Policy FunctionLR Location registerLRS Latency rate server 时延速率服务器LSB Least signification bit 最不重要的比特LSP Label switched path 标签交换路径LSR Label switched router 标签交换路由器LU Location updateMAC Medium Access Control 媒质接入控制MAC Message authentication codeMAK MBS authentication keyMAN Metropolitan area network 城域网MASCARA Mobile Access Scheme based on Contention And Reservation for ATIV1 MBMS Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast ServiceMBRA Multicast and broadcast rekeying algorithmMBS Multicast and broadcast servicesMBSGSA MBS GSAMC-CDMA Multicarrie CDMA 多载波CDMAMCS Modulation coding schemeMDHO Macro diversity handover 宏分集切换MGTEK MBS GTEKMI Matrix indicatorMIB Management information base 管理信息库MIMO Multi Input Multi Output 多入多出MIP Mobile IP (Refers to both Mobile Ipv4 and Mobile Ipv6)ML Maxium likelihood 最大似然MMDS Multi-channel microwave distribution system 多路微波分配系统MMS Multimedia Messaging ServiceMOB MobilityMPEG Motion picture experts group 活动图像专家组MPLS Multiple protocol label switch 多协议标签交换MS Mobile station 移动站MSB Most Significant Bit 最高比特位MSK Master Session KeyMSS Mobile Subscriber Station 移动用户站MTK MBS traffic keyMU Multiple user ?NAI Network Access IdentifierNAP Network Access ProviderNAPT Network Address Port TranslationNAT Network Address TranslationNIST National istitute of standards and technologyNLOS Non Line Of Sight 非视距NMS Network Management SystemNNI Network to network interfaceNONCE 当前使用的一次性随机数识别符NRM Network Reference ModelnrtPS Non-real-time polling service 非实时查询服务NSP Network Service ProviderOAM Operations and MaintenanceOFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 正交频分复用OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access 正交频分多址OQ Output queued 输出队列OTA Over-The-AirP-CSCF Proxy-Call Session Control FunctionPA Paging agentPAK Primary authorization keyPAPR Peak to average power ratioPAR Peak average ratio 峰值平均功率比PBWI Preferred bandwidth indexPC Power control 功率控制PC Paging controllerPCF Point coordination function 点协调功能PDF Policy decision functionsPDG Packet Data GatewayPDU Protocol Data Unit 协议数据单元PEAP Protected EAP, IETF draft protocol for using TLS to protect EAP PEP Policy enforcement pointPF Policy FunctionPG Paging groupPG ID Paging Group IdentifierPHB Per-hop behavior. 每跳行为PHS Payload Header Suppression 净荷报头压缩PHSF Payload header suppression fieldPHSI Payload Header Suppression identifier 净荷报头压缩索引PHSM Payload header suppression maskPHY PHYsical Layer 物理层PKM Privacy key management 密钥管理PMC Power control mode changePMIP Proxy-Mobile IPPMK Pairwise master keyPMP Point to multipoint 点队多点PN Packet numberPoA Point of AttachmentPPAC Prepaid accounting capabilityPPAQ Prepaid accounting quotaPPC Prepaid clientPPS Prepaid serverPPTP Point-to-point tunneling protocolPRBS Pseudo-random binary pulse sequence 伪随机二进制序列PRMA Packet Reservation Multiple Access 分组预约多址PS Physical slot 物理时隙PSD Power spectrum density 功率普密度PSL Physical service levelPSK Pre-shared keyPSTN Public switched telephone network 公用电话交换网PTI Payload type indicator 净荷种类指示PtP Peer to PeerPUSC Partial usage of subchannels 部分利用子信道PUSC-ASCA PUSC adjacent subcarrier allocationQAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 正交幅度调制QoS Quality of Service 服务质量QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 四相相移键控RADIUS Remote Access Dial In User Service, a network protocol for AAA services RAN Radio access network 无线接入网RCID Reduced CIDREP ReportREQ Request 请求RES ResetRK Root keyRLC Radio Link Control 无线链路控制RMS Root mean square 均方根PN Pseudo-noiseRNG Ranging 调整ROC Rollover counterROHC Robust header compressionRP Reference PointRRA Radio Resource AgentRRC Radio Resource ControllerRRM Radio Resource ManagementRSA Rivest shamir adlemen 一种加密算法RSP Response 响应RSSI Receive signal strength indicator 接收信号强度指示RST Rate speed timestamp scheduler 速率分隔时签调度器RSVP Resource reservation protocol 资源预留协议RTD Round trip delayRTS Request to sendrtPS Real-time polling service 实时查询服务RUIM Removable User Identity ModuleS-CSCF Serving-Call Session Control FunctionSA Security Association 安全联系SAP Service Access Point 服务接入点SBC SS basic capabilitySBCH Shared broadcast control channelSBSSC 单载波调制模式，WirelessMAN-SC, 10～66 GHz, TDD、FDDSca 单载波调制模式，WirelessMAN-Sca, 2～11 GHz授权频率, AAS、ARQ、STC, TDD、FDDSCI Spare capacity indicatorSDMA Spatial division multiple accessSDU Service Data Unit 服务数据单元SDU Service data unit 服务数据单元SFA Service Flow AuthorizationSFI Service Flow Index 服务公平指数SFID Service Flow Identifier 业务流标识SFM Service Flow ManagementSHO Soft handover 软切换SIM Subscriber Identity Module. Smart cards used by GSM operators.SLA Service level agreement 服务水平协定SLAAC Stateless address autoconfigurationSLP Service level predictionSLPB Starting location of preferred bandwidthSM Spatial multiplexingSMS Short message service 短消息服务SMTP Simple Mail Transport ProtocolSN Sequence numberSNR Signal to noise ratio 信噪比SNMP Simple network management protocol 简单网络管理协议SPID Sub-packet identifier 子数据包标志SS Subscriber Station 用户站SS7 Signaling System 7SSID Subscriber station identification (MAC address)SSL Secure Sockets LayerSSRTG SS Rx/Tx gap 终端收/ 发切换间隔SSTG Subscriber station transition gap 终端发送间隔SSTTG SS Tx/Rx gap终端发/ 收切换间隔Standard Deviation 标准差STC Space Time Coding 空时编码STC Session termination capabilitySTTD Space time transmit diversitySWAP Share wireless access protocol 共享无线接入协议TCM Trellis coded modulation 格形编码调制TCP Transmisstion control protocol 传输控制协议TDD Time division duplexing 时分双工TDMA Time division multiple access 时分多址TEK Traffic encryption keyTFTP Trivial file transfer protocol 简单文件传输协议TLS Transport Layer Security, a variant of SSLTLV Type/length/value 类型/长度/值TO Transmission opportunityTOS Type of service 服务类型TSI Tariff switch intervalTTLS Tunneled TLSTITSU Time interval after tariff switch update timerTUSC Tile usage of subchannelsTuple In mathematics, a tuple is a finite sequence(also known as an “ordered list”) of objects, each of a specified type. A tuple containing n objects is known as an “n-tuple”. Names for tuples of specific length: Empty tuple(0), Single/signleton/sole/only(1), Double/pair/twice(2), Triple/triplet/treble/thrice/threesome/troika/trio(3), Quadruple(4), Quintuple/pentuple(5), Sextuple/hextuple(6), Septuple(7), Octuple(8), Nonuple(9), Decuple(10).UCD Uplink channel dscriptor 上行信道描述器UDP User Datagram ProtocolUE User equipment 用户设备UEP Unequal error protectionUGS Unsolicited grant service 主动授予服务UICC Universal Integrated Circuit CardUIUC Uplink interval usage code 上行间隔使用码UL Uplink 上行UMTS Universal mobile telecommunication system 通用移动通信系统UNI User ot network interfaceUPS Uplink packet scheduler 上行分组调度器USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module. Smart cards used by UMTS operatorsUW Unique word 独特字VBR Variable bit rate 可变比特速率VC Virtual channel 虚拟信道VCI Virtual channel identifier 虚拟信道标志VLAN Virtual Local Area Network 虚拟局域网VNSP Visited network service providerVOD Video on demand 视频点播V oIP Voice over IPVP Virtual path 虚拟通道VPI Virtual path identifier 虚拟通道标志VPN Virtual Private NetworkVSA Vendor-Specific AttributeVSIF Vendor Specific Information FieldWCDMA Wideband Code-Division Multiple AccessWEP Wired Equivalent Privacy, the initial (fatally flawed) security solution for the 802.11 link layer.WFI Worst-case fairness index 最坏公平指数WFQ Weight fair queue 加权公平队列Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity, refers to 802.11 standards, including 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11gWiMAX World Interoperability for microwave access 世界微波接入互操作性WirelessHUMAN 高速非授权城域网, 2～11 GHz非授权频率, AAS、ARQ、Mesh、STC、DFS, TDDWirelessMAN-OFDM OFDMA正交频分复用, 2～11 GHz授权频率, AAS、ARQ、Mesh、STC, TDD、FDDWirelessMAN-OFDMA OFDMA正交频分多址, 2～11 GHz授权频率, AAS、ARQ、STC, TDD、FDDWirelessMAN-SC 单载波调制模式, 10～66 GHz, TDD、FDDWirelessMAN-Sca 单载波调制模式，2～11 GHz授权频率, AAS、ARQ、STC, TDD、FDDWLAN Wireless local area network 无线局域网WMAN Wireless metropolitan area network 无线城域网WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access, a subset of the 802.11i security standard compatible with existing WLAN hardware. Wi-Fi Protected Access* includes per-packet Message Integrity Check (MIC), per-user dynamic WEP keys (TKIP), and 802.1X authentication. Wi-Fi保护接入WPAN Wireless personal area network 无线个人域网WWAN Wireless Wide Area NetworkX.509 ITU standard for digital public-key certificate issued by a CAZT-CC Termination or zero-tailing encoded,where the encoder is forced to return to the all-zerostate feeding a sufficient number of zeros into theencoder。