2018届北京市各区高三英语一模二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--七选五 -学生版(已校对)

2024北京高三二模英语汇编七选五一、阅读理解（2024北京顺义高三二模）When fighting sugar dependence, avoiding added sugar in the diet is key, which sounds simple — right? It certainly does, but things become a bit more complicated once we introduce alternative sweeteners into the mix.1 Many people think that if they replace the sugar in their diet with alternative sweeteners, they’ll be good to go, but this isn’t necessarily the case.Alternative sweeteners are everywhere. 2 For example, Stevia is a popular sugar substitute (代替者) because it is up to 200 times sweeter than sugar and provides fewer calories. Mon k fruit is another example that is free from calories, sweeter than table sugar, and gained from the juice of monk fruit. 3 Sugar alcohols provide fewer calories than regular sugar because they are not fully absorbed by the body.Now that we know some of the common types of alternative sweeteners, let’s take a deeper dive into the problem with them. Research in animals has shown that removing calories from foods that taste sweet can interrupt the ability to control energy intake. 4 If we consume high amounts of alternative sweeteners, it may heighten our preference for sweetness, resulting in the overuse of sugar-sweetened foods and drinks.The other interesting thing about alternative sweeteners is that our brains don’t recognize them as “fake (假的)” sugar. 5 Whenever a food tastes sweet, a message is sent to the brain that communicates we are tasting a sweet food — which can further feed into the sugar dependence cycle.So what do I recommend? In order to fully put a definite end to sugar dependence, reducing your intake of alternative sweeteners should be the goal.A．The taste profile of alternative sweeteners varies.B．We can’t forget about the ever-so-popular sugar alcohols.C．There are countless alternative sweeteners on the market.D．Our brain senses something sweet and thinks it is real sugar.E．They may help reduce the calorie content of good-tasting foods and drinks.F．Artificial sweeteners may also cause one’s body to prefer sweeter-tasting foods.G．Alternative sweeteners are referred to as “low-calorie” or “no-calorie” sweeteners.（2024北京丰台高三二模）At the end of the day, most of us find ourselves on the couch, eyes glued to the television or to our smartphones, doing everything we can to conserve energy. 6 But are we hardwired (本能的) for it?According to Michael Inzlicht, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, we’re lazy and also, we’re not.All humans, given equal options, will take the easy way out. Does it mean we’re lazy? Maybe. 7 We always minimize our effort and, at the same time, maximize the amount of reward we get for that effort. A study published in the journal Neuropsychologia found that our brains may be hardwired for laziness. Even though we know the benefits of exercise, we stay glued to the couch.8 We can’t know for sure whether there is an evolutionary (进化的) purpose to it. But that wouldmake sense. After all, before we were able to go to the grocery store, calories were much more directly linked to effort. Every calorie we burned meant more hunting, fishing, or gathering.But there are the times when humans are the opposite of lazy and do very difficult things for no apparent reason. Some rewards only come from extensive effort. 9 Running this far might even cause more harm than good in terms of running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and so on. But we do it anyway because putting in the effort makes us feel good, says Inzlicht. 10So, in that sense, effort is worth the effort. While humans are economically aware of effort most of the time, “in some cases, the effort itself is rewarding,” says Inzlicht.A．Think about things like running a marathon.B．It’s not completely clear why humans behave this way.C．It seems that we humans are gifted in the way of laziness.D．We similarly love to space out, our brain tired of focusing.E．But it certainly means that we’re economic with our effort.F．Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems.G．Likewise, we might get a sense of pleasure or mastery from doing a crossword puzzle.（2024北京昌平高三二模）Everyone carries a shield（屏障）. Our shields protect what we don’t want others to see, from our embarrassing secrets to our unpredictable feelings. 11 But the problem is that shields can become heavy burdens — easy to put on yet difficult to remove — with terrible effects.Since shields encourage us to hide negative parts of ourselves, we can start to believe that we aren’t worth showing. We might fear how our friends will judge our struggles or how our families will view our ambitions.12However, we have to remember that we aren’t perfect, nor should we expect to be. We need to find and cure the wounds underneath our shields, but that means we have to let down our guard. We may even have problems we haven’t admitted to ourselves. 13 Even if it seems insignificant, every problem should be acknowledged before it grows. Before being cured, we must know that we need to be cured, and be okay with admitting that.Knowing this takes bravery and patience, so it’ll be hard. 14 Yet asking for help means admitting our problems to somebody else — it means letting them see what’s behind our shields. To make it easier, we can reveal ourselves to somebody close to us who we trust will understand us and provide personal support. Or, if we fear judgement, we can open up to someone distant but knowledgeable, such as a counsellor or a help line. No matter what, we can find help when we begin searching.15 We can be more forgiving of faults so we can become comfortable with ours and encourage others to follow. Most importantly, we can let people know that we are willing to listen and help and make it easier to let down our shields.A. This is not a bad thing.B. We need to be understood.C. We shouldn’t expect to do any of it without help.D. In short, we have the power to change this phenomenon.E. Hence we decide to hide ourselves underneath our masks.F. If you can’t trust your partner, it won’t be easy to let them in.G. Maybe we’re hiding something from a friend or scared to admit an error.（2024北京朝阳高三二模）Studies about sleep and employee behavior typically focus on various activities that occur within the body during sleep, and their impact on daytime cognition. New research adopts a different method. 16The researchers conducted three studies involving thousands of dreams recalled by employees. The first study asked participants upon awakening to rate the degree of awe (敬畏) and wonder brought by their dreams and to write down their biggest work problem. 17 Another one they answered was whether they envisioned anything good arising from the difficult work situation—a measure of resilience, which meant the ability to become strong and happy again after toughness. Those who found positive meaning in dreams reported higher levels of awe. 18 In the second study, participants who recalled a dream likewise reported its positive or negative meaning, and then wrote descriptions of the dream and what they took to be its causes and meaning. After work they answered questions about their resilien ce and progress on the day’s tasks. 19 The third study tracked similar measures among employees who participated daily for two weeks, and it looked at how naturally curious each person was. It found similar results about awe and showed that it raised resilience and productivity far more in the naturally curious.20 Awe can help people deal more effectively with challenges and progress toward goals. “Our research reveals how awe can be brought about at a time that has a critical impact on daily wor k outcomes,” the researchers write. “Employees could use dream journals and simple practices to ‘guide’ their nighttime visions, thus increasing their odds of having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.”A. A positive dream brings a sense of sudden insight, giving rise to awe.B. The increased awe was also proved to be associated with greater resilience.C. In fact, dreaming may help improve problem-solving skills in daily routine.D. Here, too, good dreams boosted awe and resilience, fueling progress on work goals.E. It finds that remembering a good dream can help people make progress in the day’s tasks.F. Researchers acknowledge that dreams may involve content related to waking experiences.G. They then answered the question about whether they thought the dream was positive or negative.（2024北京东城高三二模）Socrates, Galileo, Marie Curie, Einstein ... What did these great thinkers have in common? They all practiced deliberate doubt and used it as a tool to improve their thinking and generate creative ideas.21 It is about suspending our certainty and letting go of our preconceived（先入为主的）notions in order to explore new ideas and perspectives. When we’re certain of something, we tend to stop looking for alternative explanations or possibilities. 22 Doubt can, of course, be unsettling, but it can also result in a greater understanding of a subject and inspire fresh thoughts and insights.23 But it doesn’t mean we should use it all the time. While deliberate doubt can be a valuable tool for generating creative ideas and exploring complex problems, it can also be counterproductive if it is not practiced in the right way.It’s important to keep in mind that deliberate doubt is not constant doubt. If we’re continuously doubting our own ideas, we’ll be less likely to pursue them and see them through to completion. 24 We spend so much time doubting everything and end up not doing anything.25 We can become self-critical and unsure of our abilities, which can undermine our self-esteem. As aresult, we may be too afraid to try new things or take risks.To avoid these traps, it’s important to strike a balance between doubt and certainty, and to use doubt as a tool to stimulate creative thinking and exploration, rather than as a means of undermining ourselves or others.A. Deliberate doubt can also lead to a lack of confidence.B. But when we doubt, we’re forced to consider other perspectives.C. In this case, deliberate doubt can prevent us from making decisions.D. When practiced all the time, deliberate doubt can lead to a different belief.E. By turning doubt into a deliberate process, we open ourselves to new possibilities.F. Deliberate doubt is the practice of actively questioning our beliefs and assumptions.G. Deliberate doubt can help us to develop a more open-minded approach to the world.（2024北京海淀高三二模）Being sensitive means that you are observant, careful, and thoughtful. It can also mean you sometimes overinterpret or overreact to perceived criticism or judgment. If you tend to be a highly sensitive person, you are more likely to misread signals from others, sense social threats, and struggle to adapt to new circumstances. 26The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) power”. 27 For example, those working on complex research projects with “sluggish power” persist with focus and determination in the face of challenges such as tight deadlines and limited resources. Their resilience facilitates effective problem-solving, ensuring the successful completion of tasks despite obstacles.28 That is one of the important reasons why insensitivity allows a person to better survive and adapt in a competitive environment. Knowing oneself is difficult, but knowing oneself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability—a trait shared by many successful people, who all clearly know where their strengths are, what they can do, what they want, and what direction to go.Practicing insensitivity involves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express our needs and opinions positively and with confidence. Secondly, adopt a forward-looking mindset.29 Additionally, detach from external influences. Avoid excessive concern over others’ opinions and speculation on others’ thoughts. L astly, manage relationships. Recognize our personal responsibilities while respecting others’ boundaries. Don’t interfere with other people’s subjects and don’t let others interfere with ours either.30 Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable.A. Learn to view the problem as two parts.B. That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from.C. I hope everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive.D. Behind insensitivity is a strong sense of self-awareness.E. Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges.F. It implies the ability to calmly face the setbacks and firmly move forward.G. Focus on long-term goals rather than the ups and downs of life at the moment.（2024北京西城高三二模）Want to write better? There’s a new book that says simple writing is best.Do you check your text messages before sending? 31 If not, you might prefer getting things done fast, even if they’re not perfect.This book argues that it’s important to write carefully, even for quick messages. Todd Rogers and Jessica LaskyFink, from Harvard, wrote “Writing For Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyone’s busy today. People get lots of messages every day, from emails to texts. 32 Deciding what to read, skim, or ignore happens many times a day for almost everyone.The authors share good writing tips, like cutting unnecessary words and using simple words everyone knows. They say it’s important to keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is more. For example, they sent an email to thousands of school-board members asking them to take a survey. They made the email shorter, from 127 to 49 words, and got double the responses (from 2.7% to 4.8%). 33The same is true for text messages. In another test, they sent a short message asking parents to take a survey. It got more responses than a longer, more sympathetic one. Sometimes, being short and clear works better than being kind but ignored. It’s not just what you say, but how quickly you say it that matters.It’s not just about word count. 34 Reducing the number of options has the same effect. Short, active sentences with common words are best.From posts to online reviews, following these rules gets more likes and shares. Serious writers should pay attention too. A study found that companies using long sentences and complicated words were seen as less moral and trustworthy.35 It might be tempting to send messages quickly and hope for the best. But taking time to write for your readers has benefits. If you send a rushed message that readers ignore, it’s like you didn’t send it at all.A. If everyone is a busy reader, everyone is a busy writer too.B. They can also get puzzled by social media platforms.C. If you do, you probably like making even the simplest messages perfect.D. They found that longer messages make people think the task will take longer.E. Keeping messages to one idea, or as few as possible, helps make sure they’re read,remembered, and acted on.F. Your goal is to convey enough passion that your readers think the issue in yourmessage is worth caring about.G. Explaining the thinking behind your messages will allow readers to see that youknow what you’re talking about.参考答案1．G 2．C 3．B 4．F 5．D【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在对抗糖依赖时，避免在饮食中添加糖以及替代甜味剂。

高考试题分项解析之专题6七选五1.【2021·全国新课标I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。

Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me”would read “13 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language, some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【答案】36.-40 D E G.F A36.D考查对上下文的理解和判断能力。

2024北京高三一模英语汇编七选五一、阅读理解（2024北京门头沟高三一模）More than a quarter have to enlarge the font size on their mobile phone so they can read it clearly. 1 Meanwhile, 28% regularly squint (眯眼看) at the screen. And all of them are signs of eye disorder.“The research has shown our eyes are not designed to be fixed on a single object for a long time, especially smaller laptops or smart devices. 2 Even worse, staring at the screen constantly can lead to dry eye syndrome,” says Giles Edmonds, a clinical service director.Dry eye syndrome is a condition where the eyes do not make enough tears, or the tears evaporate too quickly. Here are some simple solutions to prevent eye strain and irritation, and preserve your eye health overall.Rest your eyes.Follow the 20:20:20 rule, looking up from your screen every 20 minutes and look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. 3 It in turn reduces eye tiredness.Adjust your workstation.Change your screen settings to ensure that the brightness and contrast are balanced correctly, as well as making fonts larger. Also, be mindful of how your workstation is positioned. Adjust your screen ensuring it is 15—20 degrees below eye level and around 50—70 cm away from the eyes. 4Reduce glare (眩光).5 . Try reducing this by attaching an anti-glare screen to your monitor or laptop to avoid external light shining onto the screen. Glasses wearers can also have lenses treated with an anti-glare coating.A．People should try to reduce the time spent on the screen.B．One can read his favorite paper books instead of e-books.C．Half confess they’re forced to enlarge images to see them clearly.D．Another thing to focus on is to make sure your room is properly lit.E．Looking into the distance helps relax the focusing muscles of your eyes.F．Reflections on your computer screen can cause glare and lead to eye fatigue.G．They may feel uncomfortable, painful, tired and even start to itch (发痒) or burn.（2024北京延庆高三一模）Do you want to be a cognitive superager when you are old? Just as you take steps towards a future-proofing body, you can enhance your brain’s resilience to age-related disease by boosting cognitive reserve.Andrew Sommerlad, an associate professor of psychiatry, discovers the power of cognitive reserve in studies of older people who show signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) in their brains. 6 Actually, three years ago, colleagues of Sommerlad had also published findings from Study of Ageing. They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia.7 The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older.How do you improve it? The younger you implement things that will bolster it, the better. For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking.8 So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important. This can help you balance the periods of mental demand and relaxation.9 ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens.Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence. 10A．Its effects are wide reaching.B．Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns.C．So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged!D．There are ways you can improve sleep, for both young and old people.E．It suggests that developing a good cognitive reserve can be powerfully protective.F．However, thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve.G．They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive reserve.（2024北京东城高三一模）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2017-2021年高考英语真题分类汇编之七选五一．信息匹配（共3小题）1．（2021•北京）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.（1）The mental health benefits from music can't be argued.Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.（2）However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting （分心）the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels.This，of course，can lead to less pain.Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.（3）While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly，according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，through the lowering of stress and anxiety.When it comes to heart health，there is speculation（推测）that it's not the style of music，but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.（4）On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.（5）But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable.A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems.B.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.C.This idea is a little off﹣the﹣wall but still has scientific backing.D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.E.The implications of music on overall well﹣being are really impressive.F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.G.Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were. 2．（2020•北京）Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems，trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with theway an individual talks to himself. Self﹣talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person，who is often unaware and uncertain of some events，phenomena，people，or even the person himself.（1）Meanwhile，positive thinking can help to stop negative self﹣talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.（2）People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans （寿命），lower rates of depression and anxiety，better physical and psychological health，reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships. （3）For example，researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions，such as a natural disaster，positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer （缓冲作用）against depression and anxiety. Resilient （适应性强的）people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge，a chance for improvement of any kind，or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists，on the contrary，tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.（4）In conclusion，positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. （5）Thinking in a positive，self﹣encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.A．It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort，either.B．Negative self﹣talk damages self﹣confidence and decreases self﹣respect.C．It helps one to remain clear﹣headed and confident in difficult situations.D．Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.E．As thinking changes，an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.F．They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.G．They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem，even if small. 3．（2019•北京）Much of the work in today's world is accomplished （完成）in teams．Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals．（1）Companies spend millions hiring top business people．Is their moneywell spent？（2）They focused on football，basketball and baseball．The results are mixed．For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level，the team's performance begins to decline．Interestingly，this trend isn't evident in baseball，where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance．To explain tins phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate （协调）their actions．（3）In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates．They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower．If a basketball star is，for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance．Young children learning to play team sports are often told，"There is no I in TEAM．" （4）Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort．Just as in a game of tug﹣of﹣war （拔河比赛），whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force．（5）An A﹣team may require a balance﹣not just A players，but a few generous B players as well．A．It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent．B．Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent．C．The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention．D．Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship．E．Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world．F．Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent．G．This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball．2017-2021年北京高考英语真题分类汇编之七选五参考答案与试题解析一．信息匹配（共3小题）1．（2021•北京）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people.（1）F The mental health benefits from music can't be argued.Music could also be helping you withmany other health problems behind the scenes.（2）B However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting （分心）the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels.This，of course，can lead to less pain.Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.（3）D While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly，according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，through the lowering of stress and anxiety.When it comes to heart health，there is speculation（推测）that it's not the style of music，but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.（4）G On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.（5）E But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable.A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems.B.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.C.This idea is a little off﹣the﹣wall but still has scientific backing.D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.E.The implications of music on overall well﹣being are really impressive.F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.G.Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were.【考点】选句填空．【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。

北京市丰台区2016-2020年五年高考一模英语试题汇编-七选五专题2020年年年年年年年年年年年年年第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

For serious birders who regularly observe birds in the wild, ignoring climate change isn’t possible. We have been seeing and documenting the effects of a warming climate since at least the 1950s.46 Glossy black great-tailed grackles (美洲黑羽椋鸟), for example, previously found primarily in the tropics (热带), first reached southeastern California in 1964. They are now found throughout most of the state.New research from the National Audubon Society highlights the dangers of the trend. For its new report, “Survival by Degrees,” Audubon scientists analyzed the current geographic ranges of 604 North American bird species, and modeled how those ranges would change at different levels of warming. At a global temperature rise of three degrees Celsius, they found that 389 of those species—or nearly two-thirds of those studied—would become endangered, losing much of their current habitat. 47Why does this matter to anyone who’s not a bird watcher? For one thing, birds play a crucial role in the ecology, keeping down insect populations and serving as food themselves for larger predators (食肉动物). 48 Their shifting ranges warn of increasing droughts, floods, fires, rising seas and unlivable cities.49 Audubon scientists modeled what would happen at lesser levels of warming, and the results are striking. Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees would reduce the danger for three-quarters of those threatened birds. Audubon’s report “Survival by Degrees” is not a depressing forecast butrather a call to action. It stresses the need for action at every level, by individuals and governments alike, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.As a lifelong birder, I’m proud of the role my tribe has played in documenting the effects of climate change. When local conditions change, particular types of frogs or wildflowers may decrease and disappear, few will notice. 50 I hope people can pay close attention to the urgent message in this new report and work together for solutions. Birds tell us we don’t have time to wait.A. We still have time to do something about it, however.B. But they also serve as a visible symbol of broader environmental shifts.C. This would greatly benefit humans, reducing the potential suffering for people.D. But when a bird species disappears, we dedicated birders document the change.E. In recent decades, that has meant a consistent northward shift in where species are found.F. The changes will make birding exciting, with birders finding new species in unexpected places.G. Even if some could shift their range northward, they would soon start to run out of room on themap.【答案】46. E47.G48. B49. A50. D2019年年年年年年年年年年年年年第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

北京市各地区2023届高考英语二模试题分类汇编-05七选五一、七选五参考答案：1．A 2．E 3．C 4．G 5．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了交流是一门非常困难的艺术，为了相互交流，我们需要一定的能力，一定的倾听方式——不仅仅是为了收集信息，就像任何一个小学生都会做的那样，而是为了理解而倾听。

1．根据上文“To commune with one another over many problems that we have requires listening and learning, which are both very difficult to do.(就我们所面临的许多问题彼此交流需要倾听和学习，而这两者都很难做到)”以及后文“To commune with each other, we require a certain capacity, a certain way of listening-not merely to gather information, which any schoolboy can do, but rather listening in order to understand.(为了相互交流，我们需要一定的能力，一种特定的倾听方式——不仅仅是为了收集信息，就像任何小学生都能做的那样，而是为了理解而倾听)”可知，上文提到了面临的问题，可知本句是在说明人们如何应对这样的问题的：大多数人几乎不听，也几乎不学。

故A选项“我们大多数人几乎不听，也几乎不学”符合语境，故选A。

2．根据后文“Learning is not merely the accumulation (积累) of knowledge. Knowledge never changes the way you think; experience never flowers into the beauty of understanding. Most of us listen with the background of what we know and we have experienced. Perhaps you have never noticed the difference between the mind that really learns and the mind that merely gathers knowledge.(学习不仅仅是知识的积累。

北京市部分区2023届高三下学期一模英语试卷分类汇编七选五2023届北京市丰台区高三下学期一模英语试卷四、七选五Expressive writing or journaling is one way to help you heal from trauma (创伤).___35___. It can help you process what you’ve been through and assist you as you envision a path forward.Why does a writing intervention work?___36___In fact, narrating the story of an ongoing anxiety “frees up” cognitive resources. When you write down the emotions associated with a traumatic experience, you may be changing the way it is organized in the brain. You are then able to detach from the emotion, making it easier for you to talk about and process the event.However, for most people, the thought of acknowledging emotions and admitting that there’s something wrong with us is difficult. This is because expressing emotions can bring up feelings of guilt and shame.___37___That is what sets journaling apart. This is between you and your journal — you don’t have to share it with anyone unless, of course, you choose to.If you’re interested in trying out writing as a tool for healing, start your writing by setting a timer for ten minutes.___38___Think of one object in your home that signifies a moment for you. See it in full color. Feel the weight of it. Use all your senses. Now, write about that object and see how large its meaning can become.___39___How you heal from trauma can be different from person to person as well. It all depends on what works best for you. Remember, one size does not fit all. Writing may not work for everyone, but you won’t know if you don’t try.A．Despite that, expressive writing remains an accessible tool.B．Of course, expressive writing is hardly a panacea (灵丹妙药).C．Also, seeking help for emotional stress is often seen as a sign of weakness.D．It may seem abnormal that writing about negative experiences has a positive effect. E．Once you have a better handle on your problems, you can move forward and get on with life. F．It is writing from your heart and mind and about the emotion associated with a certain event.G．Let your mind go to the detailed, specific moments to get to the feelings and truth of your experience.2023届北京市延庆区高三下学期一模英语试卷四、七选五Why Boundaries at Work Are EssentialWhat is a boundary, you ask? A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something. ____35____ If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的). ____36____Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one.____37____ One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during theweek/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clientsor patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout (倦怠) over time.Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics (道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this. ____38____ Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.____39____ Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills — valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.A．Why are boundaries important?B．However, they are equally, if not more, important.C．Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.D．Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.E．Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.F．Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict.G．Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.2023届北京市石景山区高三统一练习英语试卷四、七选五Offload ThoughtsIn our busy world, we rush from task to task, often leaving us feeling easily angered. We seek out technology or brain-enhancing products to help us optimize (最优化) our productivity, but end up running on a never-ending hamster(仓鼠) wheel. ____35____ It feels like our entire lives are engineered toward one question: How much can I get done in the least amount of time?Research shows that spending too much time optimizing our thoughts for perfect outcomes not only leaves us feeling exhausted, but can also have harmful effects on our wellbeing and work output. Optimizing thoughts requires being highly focused. But it just goes against the way our minds work. That is to say, efficiency isn’t always productive when we pursue it. ____36____ And to some extent, it can even cause impulsive (鲁莽的) decision-making.Our brain essentially has two main modes of operating: the “focus network” and the “default mode network.” When one network works, the other physically can’t turn on. The modern world often demands we live in the focus network and the default mode network is often less celebrated. ____37____ So in order to make more effective decisions and feel better in our daily lives, we have to spend less time in our brain’s “focus network.”Cognitive (认知的) offloading is an accessible practice. It has the potential to not only release emotions, but enhance mental capabilities, too. Even just a few moments of creative flow — like offloading the feelings of anxiety by doodling (涂鸦) before a meeting — can have a strong impact on emotions. ____38____ We might try cognitive offloading as a transition from our action-oriented workday into a more relaxed evening routine.____39____ And we can see what takes shape. Some unproductive pathways often can help us feel more creative, refreshed, and alive.A．The functionality is simpler than you might imagine.B．Give ourselves a few minutes to offload our emotions.C．Being focused all the time can eventually lead to less self-control.D．Fortunately, there is a way to stop this kind of always-on mentality.E．It’s no surprise that the majority of us feel more exhausted than ever.F．But spending more time on the latter offers a form of “insurance” for our emotions. G．What’s more, this exercise can help give the brain the space to make new connections.2023届北京市西城区高三一模英语试卷第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空自处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

历年高考英语真题分类汇编--七选五1.2022年全国1卷阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled "Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner." One reason was: "You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym," while another read: “ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.So, how do you find a workout partner?First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit - your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.2.2022年全国2卷阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

北京市朝阳、房山、大兴、密云、昌平2019-2020第一学期高三英语期末试题分类汇编-七选五北京市朝阳区2019-2020学年度高三英语第一学期期末检测试卷第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Happier Babies Have an EdgeParents and teachers want children to grow up to be happy and successful.___46___ A wide range of research, however, indicates happiness brings success in adults, and achievements do not always make adults happier.Recently in new study, John K. Coffey II, assistant professor of psychology at Sewanee, the University of the South, found that happiness during infancy (婴儿期) predicted childhood IQ and adult educational success.In his 29-year study, Coffey used the Fullerton Longitudinal Study (FLS). In 1978 the FLS research team recruited 130 parents with babies for a study that now has run for more than 30 years. ___47___ When each baby was 18 months old, one parent reported how often his or her baby expressed positive and negative emotions and researchers measured the infant’s IQ. When babies were children (ages 6 to 8), they completed IQ tests. When babies had grown into 29-year-old adults, they reported how many years of education they had completed and their life satisfaction.As expected, Coffey found that regardless of intelligence during infancy or parents’ wealth, happier babies were more likely to graduate from high school and college. ___48___ It suggests that happier babies learn more between infancy and childhood.___49___ Parents wishing to help their children enjoy greater happiness can focus on small changes they can make in their day-to-day lives to create more positive moments. Parents do notneed to aim for intense experiences or “best day ever” for their children. Although peak experiences can be fun, they also tend to be tiring for both children and their parents, which can lead to anxiety and conflict.Currently, Coffey and other researchers are exploring when and why some children are happier than others or whether we can increase it. Happiness during infancy and childhood is predicted by relationships with caregivers and teachers or by learning new skills. Inexpensive and easy-to-do activities like practising acts of kindness or appreciation can boost happiness. ___50___A. We often think that achieving success will ultimately make us happy.B. We can use these activities to help children grow into happy and successful adults.C. To test his theory, Coffey looked at how intensely children’s emotions are experienced.D. These happy babies aren’t just growing up to be successful, but they are also happy adults.E. Further, happier babies had more growth in their IQ scores between infancy and childhood.F. Another important clarification is that happiness is about how often emotions are experienced.G. Early on, parents reported on their background, for instance, education level and employment.【答案】46. A 47. G 48. E 49. F 50. B北京市房山区2019-2020学年度高三英语第一学期期末检测试卷第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

北京市各地区2023届高考英语一模试题分类汇编-04七选五一、七选五参考答案：1．G 2．D 3．E 4．F 5．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。

散步被认为是最好的运动之一。

对许多人来说，每天散步对身体和精神都有巨大而长期的好处。

然而，这个习惯不仅仅是一个健康的习惯，也是创造力的必要因素。

斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，走路时人们更有创造力。

1．根据空白处上文“For many people,daily walking offers massive and long-term physical and mental benefits(对许多人来说，每天散步对身体和精神都有巨大而长期的好处)”以及下文“A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting(斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，参与者在走路时更有创造力).”可知，此处上下文说的是走路不仅有益于身体健康，也是有利于创造力的培养，G项“However, this habit isn’t just a healthy habit but a necessary element of creativity(然而，这个习惯不仅是一个健康的习惯，也是创造力的必要因素)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。

2．根据下文“Our creative mindset is triggered by physical movement(我们的创造性思维是由身体运动引发的)”可知，走路时的身体运动很重要，D项“The physical movement during walking is obviously key(走路时的身体运动显然是关键)”表达的含义一致，讲述身体运动是重要的。

故选D项。

3．根据上文“Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your comfort zone,which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities(只要走出去，你就走出了你习惯的环境和舒适区，如果你想打开你的思维，接受新的可能性，这是必要的)”可知此处说的是要到外面去走走，E项“You can walk through a park and observe people relaxing or birds singing(你可以穿过公园，观察人们放松或鸟儿唱歌)”符合语境，承接上文，故选E项。

高三英语开学测汇编四七选五（一）Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them t o eat their vegetables.Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time. Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle. Ideal (理想的) study times are after dinner or right after school before din ner.Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity.You’ll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After you’ve set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing. Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair. This includes helping them out with their homework sometim es and being there for them with the answers to any question s. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.A. Pick a place where your children can study properly.B. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves.C. Finally, spend time with your kids when they’re studying.D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement , too.E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed.F. Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward.G. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kid s is to design a schedule that they keep to.【答案】GBEAC【解析】1．G本段讲述内容就是要你的孩子养成良好的学习习惯，学会制定学习的计划，控制好自己的学习时间，故G项符合段落大意。

北京市部分区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编七选五北京市海淀区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself.This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you.___35___Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled.Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth.People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others.People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them,what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true.People may see them as obnoxious or"full of themselves".___36___They are not shy about sharing ideas,including constructive criticisms of others.They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing.They are the people who we say seem"sure of themselves".If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem,you can work on the way you talk to yourself.When you turn off negative self-talk,you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself.It isn't going to feel good at first, though.Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help.___37___However,in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem,you may want to call in a professional or a specialist.Good mental health is important,and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections.___38___It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.___39___It will take some work but your entire life—from your relationships to your body image to your work habits—will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves.This is the hardest part,and the greatest leap.With some changes and support,you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result.A.Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality,though.B.You have the power to shape a new self-perceptionC.This encourages you to speak openly without worry.D.The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakesE.Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth.F.People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence.G.With some practice and persistence,you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth.北京市西城区2021-2022学年上学期期末考试高三英语试卷第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2023北京高三一模英语汇编七选五一、七选五（2023·北京东城·统考一模）With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious. ____1____ Is it right? Maybe not.Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic. ____2____One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury. ____3____ Techno-optimism has led many to believe that if everyone just switched to driving electric vehicles, we would be making incredible steps towards sustainability. However, the reality is that the amount of resources and energy needed to produce enough electric vehicles for everyone is not even remotely sustainable.____4____ Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars, Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints. ____5____ It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. Until we are ready to face the need for a less complex life, we cannot make true progress towards sustainability.A．So where should we look for answers instead?B．The modern world’s simple solution is technology.C．Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.D．Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years?E．Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.F．Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably.G．Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.（2023·北京西城·统考一模）Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe.____6____Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence.New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason. Until recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and their friends’ thoughts about them until around age nine.But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom.____7____To learn more about how children think about reputation, we created simple stories and then asked children questions about these situations to allow kids to showcase their thinking.Across several studies, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test.____8____The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature-they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of others. When assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.____9____Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. ____10____Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Adults could praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses send a strong signal that other people value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success.A．Kids could be afraid to ask their parents for help.B．Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable.C．In another study we told them that only one kid did poorly.D．Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions.E．The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost.F．But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.G．the teacher for help.（2023·北京海淀·统考一模）"J ust think positively!"“It could be worse. "“You should look at the bright side!"We've all heard (and maybe used) these phrases without much thought. But they could be contributing to a culture of toxic (有毒的) positivity. For those new to this term, it might sound like an oxymoron (矛盾修辞法). How can positivity be toxic? Isn't it supposed to be helpful, or "positive”，as the name suggests? 11 “Toxic positivity is when somebody avoids all negative thoughts or felings, pretending everything is going well when it is not, " explains Melissa Dowd, a therapist at PlushCare, a virtual health platform for primary care and mental health services. Whitney Goodman, the author of Toxic Positivity describes toxic positivity as the“endless pressure to be happy and positive, no matter what the circumstances are. " 12 It's also something we can cause other people to experience.Expressing toxic positivity to others may look like offering them a simple solution to a complicated problem that we know nothing about, or not allowing people around you to appropriately express negative emotions.Toxic positivity causes us to suppress our emotions, which can make them worse. 13 “ Although it can be helpful to look on the bright side when facing challenges, " Dowd says, “not coping with negative feelings in a healthy way in the moment can lead to those feelings resurfacing later in different areas of your life or as a form ofanxiety. " 14 “If I feel like you're going to dismiss me, I'm going to stop sharing how I'm felling, " Goodman adds.15 If you're using toxic positivity against yourself, Goodman suggests remembering it's OK if you' re upset about something. It's valid if something annoys you. “Allow ourselves and other people to share when they' re going through a difficult time, " she says. Dowd adds that it's essential that“we all learn to cope with and process our emotions in a healthy way as opposed to avoiding how we feel"as life's stressors continue to rise. For example, instead of simply saying “Just think positively, " we'd better say“Sometimes bad things happen. How can I help?"A. Are there ways to avoid toxic positivity?B. Toxic positivity also disrupts connection.C. It can harm people who are going through difficult times.D. This can come up in different situations when we are dealing with pressure.E. They become more intense and can cause long- lasting health concerns in the future.F. Experts say constant forced positivity can lead to the opposite, and have a negative effect.G. This is what we may bring on to ourselves by not allowing negative thoughts and feeling.（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）Once upon a time, we were all question-asking experts. We started asking our parents numerous questions as kids. By preschool, our inquiries even reached the depths of science, philosophy, and the social order. Where does the sun go at night? Why doesn’t that man have a home like we do? Why do rocks sink but ice floats? ____16____Why does the child’s urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults? An important factor is how the social environments surrounding us change as we age. Schools transform from a place for asking questions to one funded by our ability to answer them. ____17____ And we recognize that society rewards the people who propose to have the answers.____18____ We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too. In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask questions.When it comes to how we phrase questions, we are advised to open with less sensitive questions, favor follow-up questions, and keep questions open-ended. We can also practice asking questions of and for ourselves by keeping a running list of questions in a journal. ____19____ Finally, we could set aside time to ask absurd questions like “How would you accomplish a week’s work in two hours?” This type of questions forces us to break the boundaries of our comfort zone.In the world that does not look much as it did years ago, we must ask questions. ____20____ Great questions can open up our capacity to change because they allow us to draw people in, opening them up to sharing knowledge, ideas, and opinions. And they are also our primary means of learning about the world. In short, asking questions is the best way to deepen our understanding of the things that matter to our life. As any child could probably tell us if we asked.A．Then, at some point, our inquiring desires disappear.B．It is a high-payoff behavior especially in times of change.C．The questions we ask depend on our attitudes as well as the situations.D．But as we grow up, asking questions fills us with worry and self-doubt.E．As such, one way to renew our inquiring spirit is to change the atmosphere.F．We learn to sell ourselves on the job market by what we know, not what we don’t.G．It not only removes the publicity from question asking, but offers us a place to experiment.（2023·北京丰台·统考一模）Expressive writing or journaling is one way to help you heal from trauma (创伤).___21___. It can help you process what you’ve been through and assist you as you envision a path forward.Why does a writing intervention work?___22___In fact, narrating the story of an ongoing anxiety “frees up” cognitive resources. When you write down the emotions associated with a traumatic experience, you may be changing the way it is organized in the brain. You are then able to detach from the emotion, making it easier for you to talk about and process the event.However, for most people, the thought of acknowledging emotions and admitting that there’s something wrong with us is difficult. This is because expressing emotions can bring up feelings of guilt andshame.___23___That is what sets journaling apart. This is between you and your journal — you don’t have to share it with anyone unless, of course, you choose to.If you’re interested in trying out writing as a tool for healing, start your writing by setting a timer for ten minutes.___24___Think of one object in your home that signifies a moment for you. See it in full color. Feel the weight of it. Use all your senses. Now, write about that object and see how large its meaning can become.___25___How you heal from trauma can be different from person to person as well. It all depends on what works best for you. Remember, one size does not fit all. Writing may not work for everyone, but you won’t know if you don’t try.A．Despite that, expressive writing remains an accessible tool.B．Of course, expressive writing is hardly a panacea (灵丹妙药).C．Also, seeking help for emotional stress is often seen as a sign of weakness.D．It may seem abnormal that writing about negative experiences has a positive effect.E．Once you have a better handle on your problems, you can move forward and get on with life.F．It is writing from your heart and mind and about the emotion associated with a certain event.G．Let your mind go to the detailed, specific moments to get to the feelings and truth of your experience.（2023·北京石景山·统考一模）Offload ThoughtsIn our busy world, we rush from task to task, often leaving us feeling easily angered. We seek out technology or brain-enhancing products to help us optimize (最优化) our productivity, but end up running on a never-ending hamster(仓鼠) wheel. ____26____ It feels like our entire lives are engineered toward one question: How much can I get done in the least amount of time?Research shows that spending too much time optimizing our thoughts for perfect outcomes not only leaves us feeling exhausted, but can also have harmful effects on our wellbeing and work output. Optimizing thoughts requires being highly focused. But it just goes against the way our minds work. That is to say, efficiency isn’t always productive when we pursue it. ____27____ And to some extent, it can even cause impulsive (鲁莽的) decision-making.Our brain essentially has two main modes of operating: the “focus network” and the “default mode network.” When one network works, the other physically can’t turn on. The modern world often demands we live in the focusnetwork and the default mode network is often less celebrated. ____28____ So in order to make more effective decisions and feel better in our daily lives, we have to spend less time in our brain’s “focus network.”Cognitive (认知的) offloading is an accessible practice. It has the potential to not only release emotions, but enhance mental capabilities, too. Even just a few moments of creative flow — like offloading the feelings of anxiety by doodling (涂鸦) before a meeting — can have a strong impact on emotions. ____29____ We might try cognitive offloading as a transition from our action-oriented workday into a more relaxed evening routine.____30____ And we can see what takes shape. Some unproductive pathways often can help us feel more creative, refreshed, and alive.A．The functionality is simpler than you might imagine.B．Give ourselves a few minutes to offload our emotions.C．Being focused all the time can eventually lead to less self-control.D．Fortunately, there is a way to stop this kind of always-on mentality.E．It’s no surprise that the majority of us feel more exhausted than ever.F．But spending more time on the latter offers a form of “insurance” for our emotions.G．What’s more, this exercise can help give the brain the space to make new connections.（2023·北京房山·统考一模）Has anyone ever told you, “Stand up straight!” or scolded you for sitting lazily at a family dinner? Comments like that might be annoying, but they’re not wrong.____31____ It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it. These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position.____32____If your posture isn’t good enough, your muscles have to work harder to keep you upright and balanced. Some muscles will become tight and inflexible. ____33____ It increases the likelihood of accidents, and makes some organs, like your lungs, less efficient.So what does good posture look like? If you’re sitting, your neck should be vertical, not tilted forward. Your shoulders should be relaxed with your arms close to your trunk. Your knees should be at a right angle with your feet flat on the floor. But what if your posture can’t be that great? ____34____ For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.It’s also not enough to just have good posture. Keeping your muscles and joints moving is extremely important. In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture. ____35____ And be sure to exercise. Using your muscles will keep them strong enough to support you effectively, on top of all the other benefits to your joints, bones, brain and heart.A．Try redesigning your environment.B．You adjust your body unless you feel tired.C．So if you sit a lot, get up and move around on occasion.D．And the big one that we all experience every day is gravity.E．Besides, poor posture leads to extra wear and tear on your joints.F．Posture can even influence your emotional state and your sensitivity to pain.G．Your posture refers to the way you hold your body when you’re sitting or standing.（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）Why Boundaries at Work Are Essential What is a boundary, you ask? A boundary is a limit defining you in relation to someone or something.____36____ If you have informed someone that this is your office space, your desk, or your chair, you have attempted to set physical boundaries.Letting co-workers know you are not comfortable shaking their hands or hugging them at a holiday party, especially with Covid at this time, is another example of setting a physical boundary. It is often easier to understand a physical boundary. Emotional or mental boundaries may be subtler (更微妙的). ____37____Emotional boundaries are related to our feelings and how something or someone’s behavior affects us. For example, if a boss treats you disrespectfully by yelling at you or a colleague frequently interrupts you in meetings, you are likely to feel hurt, embarrassed, and perhaps angry. Understandably, by having a courageous conversation with both your boss and co-worker about their behavior, the impact it has on you, and your expectations regarding future behavior, you are setting healthy emotional boundaries for yourself at work.Sometimes we set a boundary that is a combination of both a physical and emotional one. ____38____ One example of this is being repeatedly asked to work late during the week/weekends or while on vacation. Another example is being required to see too many clients or patients to the point we feel tired at the end of the day and exhausted by Friday. Often, the above workplace demands lead to increased stress and a high potential for burnout (倦怠) over time.Mental boundaries are related to our beliefs, values, cultural norms, ethics (道德), and standards. For example, you value a workplace culture that treats employees and clients with respect and dignity and acts ethically. After six months, you realize that company leaders are repeatedly behaving in ways not consistent with this. ____39____ Over time, this may lead to significant stress and physical symptoms within.____40____ Boundaries serve many functions. They help protect us, clarify our responsibility, preserve our physical and emotional energy, and live our values and standards. Learning the skill of boundary setting helps empower us to prioritize our values and well-being and better manage our stress. Identifying, setting, and maintaining boundaries are skills — valuable skills that, unfortunately, we are often not taught in school or the workplace.A．Why are boundaries important?B．However, they are equally, if not more, important.C．Therefore, we need to tell the difference between them.D．Setting a boundary in the above example may be quite helpful.E．Boundaries can be physical, mental, emotional, tangible, or intangible.F．Your values and ethical standards don’t match with your company’s, which likely will lead to internal conflict. G．Such boundaries often involve being asked to do more than we feel capable of for an extended period of time.参考答案1．B2．E3．C4．A5．G【导语】这是一篇说明文。

2020北京各区高三英语一模分类汇编—七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

1、（2020北京朝阳一模）What Your Nose KnowsYour sense of smell enriches your experience of the world around you. Different scents can change your mood or transport you back to a distant memory. Your ability to smell also plays a key role in your health. 46The things we smell are actually the tiny molecules(分子) released by substances all around us. When we breathe in these molecules, they stimulate specialized sensory cells high inside the nose. 47 But a given molecule can stimulate a combination of these receptors, creating a unique representation in the brain. We perceive that representation as a smell.48 A stuffy(不通气的) nose or a harmless growth in the nose can block air and thus scents from reaching the sensory cells. Certain medications, like some blood pressure pills, can change smell, but these effects are usually temporary. Your smell should come back once you’ve recovered or stopped the medication. But some things can cause a long-lasting loss of smell. A head injury or virus, for example, can sometimes damage the nerves related to smell. 49 According to Dr. Davangere Devanand, an expert on neurodegenerative(神经变性的) diseases and smell loss, the main reason appears to be that the functioning of the brain regions involved in smell and memory becomes damaged as we grow older.But problems with your ability to smell may be more than normal aging. They can sometimes be an early sign of serious health conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. Devanand’s group is studying the relationships between smell dysfunction and certain disease.Researchers are also looking for ways to avoid smell loss. Some studies suggest that smell training may help you improve your ability to distinguish and identify scents. 50 But the question remains as to whether and how this might work.A. Many things can cause smell loss.B. People may have lost their ability to smell before they notice it.C. Each of these sensory cells has only one type of scent receptor.D. It may improve your brain’s ability to interpret low levels of scents.E. As people get older, many of them couldn’t identify certain kind of smell.F. If your ability to smell declines, it can affect your physical well-being and everyday safety.G. And with age, there is a decline in the ability to smell to some extent in the nose, but much more in the brain itself.2、（2020北京东城一模）As the higher education sector faces mounting pressures to provide value for money, it’s now often assumed that universities will provide its students with much more than just a degree. Most prospectuses（宣传册）introduction present institutions as being the “leaders” in academic research, student satisfaction, graduate employability and contact hours. 46Visiting a university “in the flesh” on the open day is the only way you can truly get a feel for the place, and ensures you won’t get any unpleasant surpr ises when you start your course. 47 Remember that there is no such thing as the best university – only the best fit for you.Before your visit, conduct some online research and decide on a few universities you’d like to visit. Plan your day, booking any relevant sessions, and noting down any talks you would like to attend. Prepare a list of questions about all the aspects of university life.During your visit, you need to make plenty of notes! 48 You’ll start to forget important things unless y ou put them down. Note which accommodation you like as well as how much it costs and where it is located. Bear in mind that you might not get your first choice of accommodation, so have a few others in mind as a back-up.49 Go along to application sessions and you can get the answers there. You could even show the admissions tutor a draft of your personal statement and ask for some direct feedback. Ask the experts – not only the admissions team and course tutors, but also the current students. While it might be tempting to let mum and dad take over, it’s you who will be going to university, not them, so don’t be afraid to speak up!Write down what you like about the university and compare it to others. Remember to make sure you prioritise your course over the university. 50 If you don’t enjoy your course, then chances are you will fail to maximise your potential. It’s your choice, so make the best of it!A. Avoid being misled by claims and statistics.B. It doesn’t matter how famous the universi ty is.C. It is important to find out the selection criteria.D. With so many choices, how can you make an informed decision?E. Faced with all the information, what you need to do is to get the most out of it.F. The conversations and experiences you’ve had will mix together after a few visits.G. Determine your own criteria –especially if you’re unsure about which subjects to study.3、（2020北京房山一模）Suppose you were promised $1,440 each day that comes to $525,600 a year. That could never be reduced or changed in your whole life. Sounds great, doesn’t it? Actually, we all do get 1,440 a day—but in minutes, not dollars.46 It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time.Many of the management practices that help people make good use of their money can also be applied to your “time currency”. But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? 47Find out where your time is going now. Write down everything you do in a day. Include work, study, cooking and meals, cleaning and household maintenance, sleep, family time and mindless activities such as watching TV and getting lost in social media.48 Ten m inutes of planning can save you an hour of time and helps stretch the time you have, and you’ll see pockets of time you can use for things you want to do. “Once people have a clear picture, they actually do have a lot more time than they realize.” Clar k, the founder of the Purposeful Planner says.You can also set limits. Use kitchen timers, phone reminders, apps or other timing devices to stay focused and work more productively, suggests Janine Adams, certified professional organizer of Peace of Mind Organizing.49 When you have missions to run, instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them—visit all three stores in one trip. It’s more efficientto finish “little one-off” tasks together rather than deal with one at a time throughout the day.At the end of the day, week, month and year, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. You’ll see where you could do better and where you’ve completed what you set out to do. Booren compares this progress check to reviewing your annual “financial statement”. 50 Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural.” Booren says.A. Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar.B. Time is one of the most precious and limited resources for people.C. Grouping small tasks into one job proves to be helpful in daily practice.D. The most important tasks are not always the same as the most pressing tasks.E. Focus on what you’re doing and avoid having to repeat the same process twice.F. Invest a few minutes at the beginning of each day or week to plan and organize.G. Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow.4、（2020北京丰台一模）For serious birders who r egularly observe birds in the wild, ignoring climate change isn’t possible. We have been seeing and documenting the effects of a warming climate since at least the 1950s.46 Glossy black great-tailed grackles (美洲黑羽椋鸟), for example, previously found primarily in the tropics(热带), first reached southeastern California in 1964. They are now found throughout most of the state.New research from the National Audubon Society highlights the dangers of the trend. For its new report, “Survival by Degrees,” A udubon scientists analyzed the current geographic ranges of 604 North American bird species, and modeled how those ranges would change at different levels of warming. At a global temperature rise of three degrees Celsius, they found that 389 of those species—or nearly two-thirds of those studied—would become endangered, losing much of their current habitat. 47Why does this matter to anyone who’s not a bird watcher? For one thing, birds play a crucial role in the ecology, keeping down insect populations and serving as food themselves for larger predators (食肉动物). 48 Their shifting ranges warn of increasing droughts, floods, fires, rising seas and unlivable cities.49 Audubon scientists modeled what would happen at lesser levels of warming, and the results are striking. Limiting warming to 1.5 degrees would reduce the danger for three-quarters of those threatened birds. Audubon’s report “Survival by Degrees” is not a depressing forecast but rather a call to action. It stresses the need for ac tion at every level, by individuals and governments alike, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.As a lifelong birder, I’m proud of the role my tribe has played in documenting the effects of climate change. When local conditions change, particular types of frogs or wildflowers may decrease and disappear, few will notice.50 I hope people can pay close attention to the urgent message in this new report and work together for solutions. Birds tell us we don’t have time to wait.A. We still have time to do something about it, however.B. But they also serve as a visible symbol of broader environmental shifts.C. This would greatly benefit humans, reducing the potential suffering for people.D. But when a bird species disappears, we dedicated birders document the change.E. In recent decades, that has meant a consistent northward shift in where species are found.F. The changes will make birding exciting, with birders finding new species in unexpected places.G. Even if some could shift their range northward, they would soon start to run out of room on the map.5、（2020北京适应一模）An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them. 46 There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews.47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails. 48 Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them. 49 You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what? 50 However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins—to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice.A. This is a ready-made support for you.B. Its nature varies with the nature of the interviews.C. You will be able to hear and understand what they are saying.D. Your decision should influence the way that you look, sound and behave.E. The information may be facts or opinions or attitudes or any combination of these.F. Each involves the interviewer in fact-to-face contact or telephone contact with another person.G. You will be using these clues to make informed guesses about what the interviewees might really mean.6、（2020北京海淀一模）Is there a link between social media and depression? Do social media have a negative impact on your mental health? It's complicated.In a recent study, the investigators compared social media use and depression between teens. 46 Specifically, for every hour per day that one teen spent on social media more than her peers, she likely had a 0.64-point higher depression score.A different study published in 2018 identified five distinct types of social media users. The finding was that "problematic social media use" was one of the main themes for people whose mental health was affected by social media. You can have alcohol in your life without it being a problem, or your alcohol use may become problematic.47There's one important thing to remember about survey research-just because two things happen together, it's not necessarily true that one causes the other. 48 For all we know, it could be that people who are already more depressed choose to spend more time on social media. 49 If you think that we shouldn't paint social media with one broad brush, you're on the right track. On the one hand, participants often described social media as avaluable way to cope with stress. On the other hand, cyberbullying via social media was also a common experience for participants. Some also said that constantly checking their own social media profile was stressful.It's certainly possible that experiences like cyberbullying, comparing yourself to idealized images, and constantly monitoring your profile, are bad for your mood. It's also true for many that social media offer community support and positive messages. Given the inconclusive research, it's safe to say that at least we shouldn't write off social media altogether. 50 Anyway, you cannot use it as a crutch for coping with other stressors and mental health problems.A. It's the same with social media.B. Social media can be a double-edged sword.C. People get more opinionated about the potential problems of social media.D. They found that those who used social media more had higher depression scores.E. They reviewed all existing research and found that there were both benefits and drawbacks.F. The key to benefiting from social media may lie in using it in moderation and staying socially connected.G. For example, just because higher social media use co-occurs with higher levels of depression doesn't mean socialmedia use causes depression.7、（2020北京门头沟一模）How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to ThemAnyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy. 46The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation. 47 For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 push ups after each time you use the restroom.That sounds easy. 48 “Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the useof positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step. 49 “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you arecapable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”50 Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often—like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.A. Find your auto habits.B. It takes time and insistence.C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.8、（2020北京密云一模）Mystery of EvolutionFollowing the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia(NCP), also named COVID-19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing-the NCP's symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu. but it's potentially more dangerous.Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola (埃博拉) . But what are viruses? How can they cause so muchtrouble? Viruses are non-living organisms (有机体) approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can't reproduce on their own. 46Viruses can infect every living thing-from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections cause no noticeable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can eater our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. 47 For example, HIV, which causes AIDS. attacks the T-cells of the immune system.But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? 48 "Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult. " Ed Rybicki, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, "because viruses don't leave fossils (化石) and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they've invaded." 49 First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者) . Second. viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that "escaped" from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation. 50 Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.A. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect.B. Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists.C. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers.D. There's pretty strong evidence that this is a bat origin coronavirus.E. However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses.F. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.G. Bat is a flying mammal with a long lifespan, whose temperature is high, similar to a fever.9、（2020北京平谷一模）The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on.46 But it is also vital for sanitation ( 卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right. 47 These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people — often women and children — spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies. This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties. 48 And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable.There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 49 But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only beaddressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently.50 We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue.A. Clean drinking water is fundamental.B. As individuals, what can we do to help the issue?C. The search for water becomes their main occupation.D. This important work needs to continue and to expand.E. Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning.F. In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water.G. However, there are still at least 2. 1 billion people around the world living without safe water.10、（2020北京人大附一模）Why do some people have many friends while others do not? 46 However, it is not so. Let’s look at two psychological experiments which will give you the key to happy interpersonal relations.The first experiment is called the “Hawthorne effect” after Hawthorne, Illinois, where the experiment took place.A group of psychologists examined the work patterns of two groups of workers in the Western Electric Company.47 .The psychologists changed the working conditions for one group twice but left the other group alone. They were surprised to find that productivity increase on both occasions and in both groups. They concluded that the increase in productivity came from the attention given to the workers by the management. It had increased their motivation (积极性) and so they had worked harder. In other words, if you take an interest in others, they will want to please you and you will have good relations with them.48 After Martin Luther King, Jr was killed in the 1960s, a teacher, Jane Elliott, living in an all – white town decided to help her class of young children understand why the Civil Rights Movement had been necessary in America.She divided the class into two groups: one with blue eyes and the other with brown eyes. Other eye colours such as hazel or green were excluded from his exercise. Then she told the class that brown – eyed people were cleverer than blue – eyed ones because of an agent (化学作用) for brown colour found in their blood. Blue – eyed people were stupid, lazy and not to be trusted. Jane Elliott did not need to say any more. The brown – eyed students quickly got used to their new role as the leaders of the class. The blue – eyed students became quiet and withdrawn. Then shediscovered something very interesting. Four poor brown – eyed readers began to read fluently in a way they had never done before. 49 .So if you want to be successful and happy, take an interest in others whether they are your classmates or workmates. Congratulate them on their successes and sympathize(同情) with them in their troubles.50 .A. Before the experiment the management talked to both groups of workers and explained that they wanted to find the best working environment for them.B. Remember that the way you treat others will decide their attitude and behavior to you.C. The second experiment shows what happens to personal relations if you are rude to or ignore others.D. The ones who have more friends usually are those who care about others.E. Jane Elliott had shown that the way people are treated affects not only their behavior but also their confidence and their performance.F. You may even imagine that this ability was something they were born with because it seems so effortless to them.G. The second experiment tells us what teachers said has a great effect on the students.11、（2020北京石景山一模）How Smartphone Adds to Your WeightUsing a smartphone at mealtimes can lead to an expanding waistline. Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating. 46 The groundbreaking study suggests that staring at a phone screen may distract (分心) dinners from how much food and what they are actually eating.“It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested,” said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.The volunteers, aged 18 to 28, were divided in to three groups and invited to help themselves to a choice of food—ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate—until they were satisfied. 47 On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile. Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods. 48“Smartphone use during a meal increased calorie and fat intake,” said Márcio Gilberto Zangero nimoa, a lead author of the study—carried out at the Federal University of Lavras in Brazil and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands. He added: “Tablets and smartphones have become the main ‘distracters’ during meals, even early in childhood. 49 A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food accepted.” 50 A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.A. They also eat more fatty food.B. They also ate more when reading a magazine.C. Distracted or hurried eating can add to weight gain.D. The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.E. It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.F. Hunger isn’t the only thing that influences how much we eat during the day.G. They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.12 、（2020北京顺义一模）Sustainable Fabrics （织物）of the FutureChoosing what to wear can be a difficult problem, especially if you5re a fashion victim. Trying to keep up with the latest styles involves regular visits to the shopping malls and sometimes paying for expensive designer clothes. But the fashion often changes. 46Many stores now offer cheap “fast fashion”一low-price items that copy the styles of more expensive designer brands. Environmentalists are angered by the amount of energy involved in making these clothes and that many of them are made from non- recyclable materials. 47Eleanor Lawrie, a BBC reporter, says that people in the UK are the worst in Europe for getting rid of unwanted clothes every year. And she says, " On top of often poor labour conditions for workers, the fashion industry is also responsible for 20% of the world's waste water, and 10% of carbon emissions （丹F放）.”This is something the fashion industry is becoming more aware of and has tried to find new crops of biomaterials to replace wasteful fabrics like cotton and leather. Examples include Pinatex, a leather-like material made from pineapple leaves. It's been used in collections by Hugo Boss and H&M. 48 It is being used to create food, packaging and clothes.49 The current farming practice requires a massive amount of water and insect killer. Eleanor says, "About 15,000 litres of water are required to make one pair of jeans, while 95% of its material is cotton. " So, buying organic cotton is a better choice. And there is also Tencel, a natural product becoming increasingly popular. It's made by taking cellulose fiber （木质纤维素）from trees and its production is thought to use 95% less water than cotton processing.Professor Richard Blackbum from Leeds School of Design tells the BBC that creating sustainable fabrics is only part of the battle一buying reasonably, buying second hand and buying fewer clothes are obviously the more environmentally friendly choices for people. 50 If one can do that, he is starting to be sustainable.A. Cotton is a very resource-demanding crop to grow.。

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Benefits of SportsDoing sports is a physical, mental and social adventure. It's a great way for children to take a break from academics and release extra energy. It also helps them lead fuller and happier lives as regular sports have proven to improve overall well-being.The physical benefits of doing sports are probably the most obvious. Regardless of your fitness level when you start playing sports, you'll notice an increase in your overall fitness once you're involved. 46 Basketball players focus on strength training; football players work on speed while track athletes train through longer runs. The training process helps promote physical fitness and performances in competitions.47 Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth. A pat on the back, high-five from a teammate, or handshake after a match really boosts a child's confidence. Words of praise and encouragement from the coach, parents and other players raise the self-worth. 48 So after a game, it's a better idea to ask “Did you enjoy the game?” rather than “Did you win?”Children who participate in sports might also benefit from the social aspect, feeling part of a group, building up accountability and leadership. 49 Teamwork involves both being dependable as a teammate and learning to rely on your teammates to achieve a positive outcome. Teamwork breeds accountability and challenges you to be responsible for your actions. Being part of a team gives you an opportunity to be a leader.Discipline is another social advantage. Most organized sports require a strict training and practice schedule. As a student-athlete, you need to balance academics and athletics. 50 There is no shortage of reasons to find a sport to get involved in. Are you ready to go? Pick one and get moving!A.It's not just your body that benefits from sports.B.Therefore, playing sports is going to make you more fit.C.But remember, a child's self-worth should not be distinguished by victory or loss.D.If you play group sports, you'll be part of a team that takes direction from a coach.E.Nearly every sport requires physical activity and the skills needed to be competitive.F.Among these, learning how to function as part of a team is the most important advantage.G.Only with strict discipline can you be successful both in the classroom and in the sports field.根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年北京高三二模英语汇编—七选五1.（2021•昌平区二模）A team of scientists has come up with a plan hey say could help rebuild the Arctic ice cap. The ice cap is a huge area of sea ice that covers most of the Arctic Ocean all year round.Usually, the sea ice gets thicker and spreads further each winter, but this hasn’t happened for the past few years. Last month, the ice cap had shrunk to its smallest size since scientists began keeping records of it 38 years ago. The weather in the Arctic has been unusually warm this winter. Some days, temperatures have been 20℃ higher than is normal for this time of year. In March, the temperature was above 0℃ at least one day.The Arctic ice cap is needed to be rebuilt because sea ice reflects heat and light from the sun back into space. With less ice, the ocean would absorb more heat. The Arctic would warm up even more quickly, and more ice would melt. Without sea ice, many animals would lose their natural habitats and could become endangered. It could also affect the weather, with more storms and erosion along the coast.Dr. Steven Desch and a group of scientists from Arizona State University in the United States think they can help to build up Arctic sea ice again. They want to set up wind-powered pumps on the existing sea ice. During the winter, the pumps would spread water from the ocean over the surface of the ice where it would freeze and form a new layer of ice. The scientists say that in 10 years, this could add an extra metre of ice to the ice cap.The plan would require about 10 million pumps and it would be very expensive—about $655 billion. Some other scientists are wondering if the pumps would actually work in severe Arctic conditions. They are also concerned about how the project might affect the environment.Dr. Desch said his team hoped their proposal would get more people interested in looking for a solution to the problem of melting sea ice. He said the only plan people have right now is to try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放) from cars and other man-made sources. He and his team don’t think that will be enough to save the sea ice, so they’re going to work on their plan and hope that it will give everyone a good start on saving the Arctic ice cap.41. Why is Arctic ice cap important?42. What is Dr. Steven Desch’s solution to the problem?43. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.Some scientists were worried about the project and Dr. Desch hoped more people could help improve it.44. Please briefly present your own solution(s) to the greenhouse gas emission problem in your daily life. (about 40 words)2.（2021•朝阳区二模）People Who Can’t CountA recent study has discovered that dyscalculia, the mathematical inability in reading, affects about 5% of children in Britain. There is no simple way of finding out the reason and kids with this learning disability are usually labelled unintelligent.So what exactly is this learning disability in mathematics? Unlike most people, dyscalculics cannot recognise three or four objects. 35 For example, they need to count the books on the table before they can say how many there are. In other words, they have to count them one by one. This is where they are different from others. The majority of us, if shown three or four similar things, can immediately recognise them.36 They cannot understand, for instance, why two and three makes five. Another problem is not being able to tell which group contains more objects than the other. Experiments have proved that dyscalculics have not developed the part of the brain responsible for processing numbers.There are also problems with the abstract concept of time for dyscalculics. 37 If your best friend is always late, he might be suffering from dyscalculia. Dyscalculics cannot keep track of time, and they never know how much time they have spent getting ready and how long it will take them to get to work. In addition, research has shown that dyscalculics behave oddly in social situations. 38 This poor ability can explain why they never know how much change they are due or what kind of budget they need for their holiday.On the other hand, dyscalculics are very good at creative arts. People suffering from dyscalculia can become painters or poets. Dyscalculia does not seem to delay language acquisition. Dyscalculic children acquire language at the same time as, if not earlier than, most children and have no problem learning to read or write. 39A. Dyscalculics have difficulties in using numbers at all.B. This disability scares children away from learning mathematics.C. They have to go through the routine of counting even a small number of objects.D. It is quite reasonable for dyscalculics to solve this kind of specific problem at any time.E. They never know how much they should tip the waiter or they’ve got left after a shopping trip.F. We can see that dyscalculia is only a learning disability, not a general indication of intelligence.G. This can account for their difficulty in reading schedules and remembering the order in whichthings have happened.3.（2021•东城区二模）Five Established Memory BoostersCan’t remember where you left your car keys again? 35 And as smartphones and tablets make it possible to outsource memory storage to ourdevices, the act of forgetting may be easier than ever.But scientists are still discovering how everyday actionscan lead to enhancements in our overall memory capacity. Here are a few simple tipsfor mastering your memory:GET SOME SLEEP. As we’re sleeping, our brains change recentexperiences into long-term memory, a process known as consolidation. 36 A 2014 Science study found mice thatslept after acquiring a new task were able to preserve thememory better than their counterparts lacking in sleep.EXERCISE REGULARL Y. If you need another reason to hitthe gym, regular exercise—specifically, aerobic exercise—has beenshown to enhance memory recall, particularly in young adults. For older adults, itcan even put off brain shrinkage.EAT MORE BERRIES. 37 A growing bodyof research suggests that snacking on strawberries,blueberries and blackberries can boost the brain’scommunication pathways. And eating berries, accordingto a 2012 study, could actually slow memory declinecaused by aging.SAY IT OUT LOUD. 38 But researchers have learned thatsaying them out loud — rather than readinginformation silently—can result in a major memory upgrade. If you’re feeling shy,you can also try typing or writing it out, too.GO TO YOUR MEMORY PALACE.39 One of these is the method of loci(轨迹记忆法), or thevisualizing of information as major stops along a mental journey, like an imaginarywalk through your childhood home. A 2017 study found that this technique actuallyreshapes different networks of the brain to better support memory.A. Remembering new conceptsisn’t always easy.B. And a good night’s sleep can help youlearn, too.C. Sufficient amounts of vitamin B2 can improve your memory.D. Changing habits is hard, but having more fruit doesn’t sound so bad, right?E. And we are beginning to understand the importance of sleep to overall health.F. Strategies for supercharging our memorieshave been around since ancient times.G. With numerousbusinesses to deal with in our brain, it’s easy to let a few things slip through.4.（2021•房山区二模）Disasters can happen when people launch an unmanned flying gadget like a drone without knowing how to really control it. 35 A falling drone can do serious damage to buildings and people.One terrible accident happened when an operator lost control of a drone. The drone pilot was flying the gadget by his home when its rotors (旋翼) hit tree. The drone went out of control, falling into neighbour’s backyard where a young child was playing. The rotors were still spinning fast and a blade struck the child. 36Sometimes drones can just fly away quickly or drift away with the wind for many different reasons. The software that has been loaded into the drone could break down, or the global positioning system (GPS) could be faulty. 37 Drone makers are trying to work out ways to stop these things happening.38 People have tried to catch them in giant nets, but this can cause more problems than the rogue drone itself. In some countries, eagles are taught to identify drone as prey. Then they swoop down and grab the drone from the sky with their long, strong claws. When they take the drone to a safe place, they are rewarded for their efforts.Drones can be harmful, having caused a lot of serious damage to buildings and people.39 At a sports event, drones can be used to give spectators a view from above or help coaches see how their players are doing. They are also becoming a useful tool for firefighters, helping them spot wildfires and even assisting to fight them. Drones can spy on populations of animals in the wild, especially endangered ones. In some very remote places in the world, drones are the fastest way to deliver medicine to people who need it desperately.A. However, they can also be very helpful.B. Sadly, this little boy lost his sight in one eye.C. However, this is not just the end to the disaster.D. Trying to get a drone out of the sky can be difficult.E. So drones should be banned and only used by governments.F. Drones can become flyaways, caught up in a jet stream and blown away.G. All of above would cause the drone to lose its connection with the controller.5.（2021•丰台区二模）The Case for ClassicsMany high schoolers complain when they look at a course syllabus (大纲) for Chinese and see literary assignments that include The story of The stone and other pieces of classic literature. __35__ But there are some good reasons why reading the classics is an important part of a 2lst century education.36 As students explore texts that were written hundreds of years before, they peer through a window into the world as it was in those days. Being able to hear those voices from the past is a privilege young people should be grateful to have.Furthermore, as students examine classic works, they begin to see the fabric of history from a different perspective. Absorbed with their own daily activities, most teens rarely think about the fact that human civilization has been around for a long time. 37 The experiences and perspectives of those people can provide important insights into the challenges that teenagers face today. The wording and style may have changed, but the underlying themes that stir the heart, including love loss, courage, revolution, and humor, are as true today as they were for the authors of these early works.One of the most important reasons to study classic literature, however, is to expand one's mind. 38 To illustrate this, a group of scientists gathered volunteers who agreed to have their brains scanned while reading phrases from classic literature in both their original form and in modern translations. The result of the study showed a significant increase in the brain activity of people reading the original texts.39 It connects students to the history and values of the broader human community. It challenges their minds with the ideas and words of people who came before them. Therefore, if today's teens are going to grow as readers, writers, and critical thinkers, it is essential that classic literature remains a part of their education.A. Clearly, that’s why it is so important.B. Classic literature is important in a high school education.C. These were things that were on people s minds at that time.D. Students often wonder why they have to study "ancient” writing.E. Reading writings from long ago can be like stepping into a time machine.F. Nor do they realize their lives are connected to the lives of the ancient people.G. Learning to appreciate an unfamiliar style of writing can stretch the brain and help it grow stronger.6.（2021•海淀区二模）What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem?Self-esteem is a person's subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or herself. Self-esteem covers various beliefs about oneself (such as "I’m a failure and I’m beautiful”) as well as physiological states, including sadness, joy, and shame. The more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in life, the more self-fulfilled we will be. When we don't believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer. 35Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift given in your childhood. It is a blessing that most people overlook. There are so many ways adults with high self-esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. For instance, they were praised for what they had achieved. 36 They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers.__37__ As children, many of these people were criticized, yelled at, or abused in one way or another. There is also a high chance that they were given no attention by the adults who were supposed to care for them. In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect 38 There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete. Oftentimes these people have to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life. People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem. 39 So if you struggle to reach out for assistance, it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.A. There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.B. When we start to doubt what's important in life, we tend to do less of it.C. Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform, it is important to work on it.D. People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite.E. This creates an image in their mind that without accomplishment they are worthless.F. They face failure too, but they understand that failure or success doesn’t define them.G. High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and support from the people around you when you need it.7.（2021•西城区二模）You're faced with a lot of decisions in everyday work. There are multiple tasks calling for your focus, and you are burning daylight or even burn out trying to decide what comes first. ___35____If you're going to think smarter about how you prioritize(排序) tasks, you have to invest a little time away from your to-do list. Here's the thing: what you work on confirms your values. You may think it's no big thing to work overtime for a little while, but something will be sacrificed with this decision. If you're a parent, you might spend less time with your kids. Similarly, if you choose not to work much or effectively, you're deciding that your values lie outside your career.___ 36___Write all the tasks down and create four boxes containing all of things you care about. This could be: helps the community, helps one-to-one relationships, makes money, and things you find personally fulfilling. Then place them in the boxes and see how many of the boxes each one takes up. Anything that fills just one box has to be reconsidered. Anything that fills nothing should not be considered at all. 37 From here, the rest of the prioritization gets a little easier. You now have a better idea where the efforts are really paying off. You also know when you are wasting your own time.In order to figure out a plan for yourself. the first thing you should be doing is gathering all of your tasks, large and small. 38 Other people are counting on you or your future self will depend on them somehow. These are actually easier to prioritize. Then break down large tasks into smaller pieces. That helps put things in order. Part of the reason we do the small things first is that being productive feels good. Acknowledging accomplishments makes you more likely to keep going and pushes you through the more complicated tasks.____39____ Notice when your energy levels are high and when they are weak. Be aware when you re more productive for social activities and when you're better off. The more you study yourself, the easier planning becomes.Now that you have your priorities in order go ahead and you will boost your productivity. A. You can also prioritize based on energy levels.B. The good news is that some tasks can keep you motivated.C. So how can you figure out what's most important to work on first?D. This activity allows you to see where you really want to invest your energy.E. If you want to make a new list, you need to turn to your colleagues for helpF. There are some tasks that are pretty straightforward and you need to do the thing.G. Where you invest your time is not just about what you value but also what you don't value.8.（2021•顺义区二模）I have met many westerners who do not feel anything to put their feet on the table while sitting on the chair. 35 They don't feel like it is a strange or rude thing to do it. And I know that they don't mean to be ill-behaved. However, in the eyes of a Myanmarese, it is really a very rude thing.For Myanmarese, the head is the most sacred (神圣的) part of the human body while the feet are the most inferior part. 36 They touch ground, dirt, mud and garbage. Just think. of all the dirty things lying on the ground. So the Myanmarese regard feet as the most dirty and smelly part of one's body.37 When you put that dirty part of your body onto other people's clean table, it is like an insult ( 侮辱) to that person if that person is a Myanmarese. There is nothing more insulting to a Myanmarese than to point your feet towards him. So, if you want to win the heart of your Myanmarese friends, next time when you drop in on him or he visits you, try not to put your feet on the living room table or point your feet towards him. Indeed, your feet should never be pointing to the direction of a person or a sacred place. 38Possibly, your Myanmarese friend will not say anything even if you do it. But it does not mean that he is OK with your behavior or approves of your behavior. 39 Even if that person is your employee or your house maid, you should never do it to him or her.A. This seems a normal habit to them.B. In his heart he will consider you as a rude person.C. Whatever you do, don't touch the head of a Myanmarese.D. This is the rule that you must strictly follow in Myanmar.E. Being the lowest part, they are also considered the dirtiest part.F For Myanmarese, the dirty part should only be in the lowest place.C. Myanmarese people do 1no express themselves us directly as Westerners.2021年北京高三二模英语汇编—七选五答案1.（2021•昌平区二模）35．F36．B37．E38．A39．C 2.（2021•朝阳区二模）35．C36．A37．G38．E39．F 3.（2021•东城区二模）35．G36．B37．D38．A39．F 4.（2021•房山区二模）35．F36．B37．G38．D39．A 5.（2021•丰台区二模）35．D36．E37．F38．G39．B 6.（2021•海淀区二模）35．B36．A37．D38．E39．G 7.（2021•西城区二模）35．C36．G 37．D 38．F 39．A 8.（2021•顺义区二模）35．A36．E 37．F 38．D 39．B坚持希望一天，一个瞎子和一个瘸子结伴去寻找那种仙果，他们一直走呀走，途中他们翻山越岭。