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美国文学_walt_whitman

美国文学_walt_whitman
Walt Whitman(1819 –1892)
Walt Whitman(1819 –1892)
• American poet, essayist ,journalist, and humanist • A part of the transition between Transcendentalism and Realism • The father of free verse
• Do you know that Old Age may come after you with equal grace, force, fascination? • 你知道，你老的 时候，你也会有 着同样的优雅、 活力和魅力吗？
• But old age ALSO has grace, force, and fascination, and -- don't kid yourselves -- you are going to grow old!
Major Themes in His Poetry
• • • • • • • Equality of things and beings Divinity of everything Multiplicity of nature Self-reliant spirit Death, beauty of death Expansion of America Brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world) • Pursuit of lour days are filled • Day full-blown with delightful and splendid – day things -- the sun, of the immense our activities, our sun, action, ambitions [the ambition, laughter things we plan for • 光明绚丽的白 our futures], and 昼——灿烂的太 our laughter [the 阳照耀的，有着 joy of living]. 行动、雄心和欢 笑的白天啊，

沃尔特惠特曼

沃尔特惠特曼
《草叶集》是惠特曼诗集最重要的著作，得名于集中这样的一句诗：“哪里有土，哪里有水，哪里就长着 草。”诗集中的诗歌便像是长满美国大地的芳草，生气蓬勃并散发着诱人的芳香。它们是世界闻名的佳作，开创 了美国民族诗歌的新时代。作者在诗歌形式上有大胆的创新，创造了“自由体”的诗歌形式，打破了传统的诗歌 格律，以断句作为韵律的基础，节奏自由奔放，汪洋恣肆，舒卷自如，具有一泻千里的气势和无所不包的容量。
1856年，第2版《草叶集》出版，共收诗32首。《一路摆过布鲁克林渡口》是诗人最优秀的作品之一。此外， 《阔斧之歌》、《大路之歌》也是名篇。
1859年，《星期六周刊》的圣诞专号上刊出了惠特曼的一首优秀抒情诗《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》， 这是一首爱情和死亡的颂歌。次年应波士顿一出版家之请，印行了《草叶集》第3版，这本诗集算是第一次“正式 出版”。集中有124首新诗，包括《从永不休止地摆动着的摇篮里》和3组分别名为《民主之歌》、《亚当的子 孙》、《芦......
沃尔特·惠特曼
著名诗人人文主义者
目录
01 人物经历
03 作品பைடு நூலகம்版情况
02 人物生平
基本信息
沃尔特·惠特曼（英语：Walt Whitman，1819年5月31日－1892年3月26日），出生于纽约州长岛，美国著 名诗人、人文主义者，创造了诗歌的自由体（Free Verse），其代表作品是诗集《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）。
人物经历
人物经历
28岁 1841年搬到纽约。 1855年父亲去世，后并出版《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）第一版。 1862年，探望在腓烈德利斯堡战役中受伤的兄弟。1865年，林肯被暗杀，惠特曼的战时诗集 Drum-Taps （后来放到《草叶集》中）出版。1871年母亲路易莎去世。 1882年，会见奥斯卡·王尔德，出版 Specimen Days and Collect。1885年 为纪念林肯逝世20周年，作诗 《献给那个被钉在十字架上的人》，后收入《草叶集》。 1888年，第二次打击。严重的疾病。 1891年，草叶集最后一版。 1892年3月26日，惠特曼去世。 他在九个兄弟姐妹中排行第二。1823年，惠特曼一家移居到纽约布鲁克林区。惠特曼只上了6年学，然后开 始做印刷厂学徒。惠特曼基本上是自学的，他特别喜欢读荷马、但丁和莎士......

惠特曼的诗

惠特曼的诗

惠特曼的诗
惠特曼（Walt Whitman）是美国19世纪著名的诗人，他的诗歌被誉为“美国诗歌的奠基之作”，也是世界现代自由诗的先驱之一。

他的代表作《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）被誉为美国文学史上的经典之作。

惠特曼的诗歌风格独特，他倡导人文主义和超验主义思想，强调人与自然、人与社会的和谐关系，反对传统的文学规范和束缚。

他的诗歌充满自由、激情和生命力，语言简洁、质朴、自然，表现了对生命、自由和人类命运的深刻思考和探索。

《草叶集》是惠特曼的代表作，由12个部分组成，涵盖了他的诗歌创作的全部内容。

其中最著名的是《我歌唱自由》（Song of Myself），这首长诗展现了惠特曼对自由、个性、人类平等和人类命运的思考和探索，被誉为美国文学史上的经典之作。

除了《草叶集》外，惠特曼的其他诗歌作品也有很高的艺术价值和文学价值，如《狂热之歌》（Song of the Exposition）、《欢乐之歌》（Song of Joy）等。

惠特曼的诗歌对美国文学和世界文学的发展产生了深远的影响，被誉为“美国诗歌的奠基之作”，他的诗歌风格和思想对现代自由诗和后现代主义诗歌的发展也产生了很大的影响。

诗人惠特曼是谁

诗人惠特曼是谁

诗人惠特曼是谁惠特曼是美国文坛中最伟大的诗人之一，有自由诗之父的美誉。

下面是店铺搜集整理的诗人惠特曼的简介，希望对你有帮助。

诗人惠特曼的简介沃尔特·惠特曼(英语：Walt Whitman，1819年5月31日-1892年3月26日)，美国诗人、散文家、新闻工作者及人文主义者。

他身处于超验主义与现实主义间的变革时期，著作兼并了二者的文风。

他的文作在当时实具争议性，尤其是他的著名诗集《草叶集》，曾因其对性的大胆描述而被归为淫秽。

惠特曼浪漫主义特点浪漫主义有几大特征，其中超现实主义就是这其中的一个，而惠特曼的诗歌特点就与超现实有密切的联系。

首先，惠特曼基本是靠自己自学而成才，在当时，荷马、但丁等人的文学作品对其也产生了深远的影响。

再者，因惠特曼出生于贫困的家庭，可是他却能够自学感兴趣的内容，并对自己的处境淡然看待，这也足以说明惠特曼的超现实主义思想是从那时就出现的。

惠特曼浪漫主义不仅仅结缘于此，浪漫主义的一大特点是运用夸张的手法来表达极端的情感。

在惠特曼的成名作《草叶集》中不仅大胆的以同性之爱作为素材，用词更是毫不避讳。

加上他六年级就辍学后来便一直与码头工人、车夫等市井俗人生活，是非观与价值观也已经形成，爱憎比较分明，而具有浪漫主义的人大抵都有爱憎分明的特点，故此惠特曼浪漫主义不仅仅是机缘巧合，更多的是与成长环境有关。

另外，浪漫主义的情感表达一般都非常强烈，这一点与惠特曼的写作风格以及他自己的爱情是完全符合的。

虽然惠特曼极力洗清自己的性取向，甚至向外界透露自己有情妇和私生子，可是后人还是从蛛丝马迹中找出了与惠特曼相识相恋并且一直携手走到最后的同性伴侣——马车夫皮特，这足以说明惠特曼情感的专一。

惠特曼浪漫主义并不完全是巧合，除去无法选择的成长环境，更多的其实是他自己对情感的尊重与专一的特性造就了他的浪漫，也正因为如此，他才能留下著名的诗集以供后人欣赏。

惠特曼的诗歌特点惠特曼诗歌特点最为显著的是“语言自由”，因此，他也被后人认为是西方自由诗体的创始人。

惠特曼英文简介

惠特曼英文简介

惠特曼英文简介沃尔特·惠特曼，美国著名诗人、人文主义者，他创造了诗歌的自由体，下面是店铺为你整理的惠特曼英文简介，希望对你有用!沃尔特·惠特曼简介Walt Whitman (Walt Whitman, May 31, 1819 - March 26, 1892) was born in Long Island, New York, a famous American poet, humanist, who created the free body of poetry ), Its representative works are poems "grass leaves set".沃尔特·惠特曼生平简介BornPoet. May 31, 1819 was born in Long Island. The father was farming, and the poor moved to Brooklyn, working as a carpenter and building a house. He was interested in the imagination of the socialist thinker and the composer of the democratic thinker, Paine. Whitman studied in public schools, served as rural teachers; childhood also had a messenger, learned typography. Later in the newspaper work, has become editor. He likes to wander, meditate, and enjoy the beauty of nature; but he prefers the city and the streets, like opera, dance, speech, like reading Homer, Greek tragedy and Dante, Shakespeare's works. From February 1846 to January 1848, he was editor of the "Brooklyn Eagle". In 1848 went to New Orleans to edit the newspaper and soon returned to Brooklyn. After five or six years, he helped the old father to build a house, operating a small bookstore, a small printing factory, free to loose, free to wander; and teenager, enjoy and boatman, navigator, coachman, mechanic, fisherman , Handyman, etc. make friends.Grass set1855 "grass leaves set" the first version of the advent of atotal of 12 poems, and finally out of the 9th edition of a total of 383 poems. One of the longest one, that is later known as the "song of their own" that poem. A total of 1336 lines. The content of this poem almost includes the author's main thought of his life, is one of the most important poems of the author. The poem has repeatedly mentioned the grass leaves: grass leaves symbolize all ordinary, ordinary things and ordinary ordinary people. This epic poetry is universally cold, and only Emerson wrote a warm letter to the poet. Whitman received great encouragement from this letter."Grass set" is the most important work of Whitman poetry, named after the concentration of such a poem: "Where there is soil, where there is water, where the long grass." Poems in the poems like the United States The earth's grass, vibrant and exudes attractive aroma. They are world famous masterpiece, created a new era of American national poetry. The author has bold innovation in the form of poetry, created the "free body" of the poetic form, breaking the traditional poetry of the law, to break the sentence as the basis of rhythm, the rhythm of free and unrestrained, Wang Yang unrestrained, Shu volume freely, with blew of momentum and no Not the capacity of the package.1856, the second edition of "grass leaves set" published a total of 32 poems. "All the way through the Brooklyn ferry" is one of the poet's best works. In addition, "the song", "song of the road" is also famous.In 1859, "Saturday Weekly" published on the Christmas number of Whitman's excellent lyrics "from the never-ending swing in the cradle", this is a love and death of the carol. The next year should be a publication of Boston, please print the "grass leaves set" version 3, this poem is the first "official publication".There are 124 new poems, including "from the never-ending swing cradle" and three groups were named "song of democracy", "Adam's descendants", "reed" poetry.War eraDuring the Civil War, Whitman, as a firm democratic fighter, showed his deep humanitarian character. When the war intensified, he took the initiative to Washington to serve as a nurse, all day care and injury of the soldiers, resulting in serious damage to health. His life is very hard, by copying the date, the money saved in the sick and wounded. He served as a nurse for nearly two years, approaching about 100,000 soldiers, and many later kept in touch with him.Postwar lifeAfter the war, Whitman was appointed as a small staff member of the Indian Affairs Office of the Ministry of the Interior. Soon the minister found that he was the author of the "Grass Leaf Set" and dismissed him; he later served in the office of the Minister of Justice for eight years. As a result of the exercise in the civil war, increased experience, political thought has also been improved, his creation has entered a new stage. In 1865, Whitman in New York at their own expense printed his poems in the late civil war "桴 drum set", which received a total of 53 new poems. A few months later he published a sequel, including the memorial Lincoln's famous "recently lilac in the courtyard when the open."沃尔特·惠特曼作品出版情况In 1867 the "grass leaves set" fourth edition only eight new poems, but the income of the "drum set" and its sequel. It is worth noting that the long article published in 1871 "democratic vision", it summed up the author's literary and political ideas.The fifth edition of the "Grass Leaf Set" was printed once in 1871 and 1872.The first income of 13 new poems, the second income general critics recognized as the poet's last important long poem "Road to India" and a few new poems. In January 1873 Whitman was suffering from paralysis, writing ability from also depressed. But his optimism, love and sensitivity to life, his ideal of democracy, or so to death. His old age depressed unsuccessful, in addition to the preparation of several versions, and occasionally write some poetry. In 1876, the 6th edition of the "Grass Leaves" was published to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. This is a collection of essays, including the two volumes, the first volume of the fifth edition of the content, the second volume he named "two streams", including prose, 18 new poems, "leading to India Road "and poems, poems tend to abstract. The text of the seventh edition (1881-1882) of the "Grass Leaf Set", the title of each poem and the order of the arrangement, have been finalized, and this edition has received 20 new poems. Whitman continued to write poetry until his death in 1892.In 1882 the poet published his essay collection "Typical Days", which included the "democratic vision" article. Published in 1888, "November", the income of 62 new poems and some articles, concentrated poems later income "grass leaves set" 8th edition (1889), and become "poem". In 1891 Philadelphia's publisher published Whitman's new work "Goodbye, my fantasy", where the poem became "grass leaves" and "poem". "9" (1892), including "poem", "seventy years" and "attached poem two" "goodbye, my fantasy." Poet after the death of the poem "Elderly echo", as "with poetry". See 1897 to 1898 published collection,after the collection of the whole collection also income. After 1898 the universal collection, is the so-called "dying version", that is published in 1892 edition 9."Flying in freedom and strength" was incorporated into the second edition of the first semester of the seventh edition of the seventh edition.。

沃尔特·惠特曼

沃尔特·惠特曼

沃尔特·惠特曼沃尔特〃惠特曼自由诗体的创造者简介沃尔特〃惠特曼（Walt Whitman，1819年5月31日－1892年3月26日），生于纽约州长岛，他是美国著名诗人、人文主义者，他创造了诗歌的自由体FreeVerse，其代表作品是诗集《草叶集》。

人物经历1819年，惠特曼生于现今长岛，南亨亭顿附近的一个农舍中，他在九个兄弟姐妹中排行第二。

1823年，惠特曼一家移居到纽约布鲁克林区。

惠特曼只上了6年学，然后开始做印刷厂学徒。

惠特曼基本上是自学的，他特别喜欢读霍默、但丁和莎士比亚的作品。

在做了两年学徒以后，惠特曼搬到纽约市，并开始在不同的印刷厂工作。

1835年，他返回长岛，在一所乡村学校执教。

1838年至1839年期间，他在他的家乡办了一份叫做《长岛人》的报纸。

他一直教书直到1841年，之后他回到纽约并当了一名记者。

他也在一些主流杂志上担任自由撰稿人，或发表政治演讲。

惠特曼的政治演讲引起了坦慕尼协会的注意，他们让他担任一些报纸的编辑，但是没有一个工作做的长久。

在他担任有影响力的报纸《布鲁克林之鹰》的两年间，民主党内部的分裂使得支持自由国土党的他离开了工作。

在他尝试为自由国土办报纸的努力失败后，他开始在不同的工作间漂浮。

1841年到1859年间，他共在新奥尔良编辑过1份报纸、纽约2份报纸和长岛四份报纸。

在新奥尔良的时候，他亲眼目睹了奴隶拍卖——当时很普遍的事情。

这时，惠特曼开始着力写诗。

19世纪40年代是惠特曼长期工作的第一个收获期：1841年他出版了一些短篇故事，一年后他在纽约出版了小说《富兰克林·埃文斯》（Franklin Evans）。

第一版的草叶集是他自己付费出版的，出版于1855年，也是他父亲去世的那年。

但是他的诗集由12篇长篇无标题的诗组成。

一年后，在草叶集的第二版，连同爱默生的祝贺信一同被出版。

第二版有20组诗。

爱默生一直企盼着一名新的美国诗人，现在他在美国内战后，惠特曼在内政部当职员，但是当时的内政部部长詹姆士·哈兰发现他是“讨厌”的《草叶集》的作者后，他把惠特曼解雇了。

美国文学-Walt Whitman


• He has been compared to a mountain in American literary history. • His innovations in diction and versification, his frankness about sex, his inclusion of the commonplace and the ugly and his censure of the weakness of the American democratic practice—these paved his way to a share of immortality in American Literature.
poetry anthology
• Through out Whitman’s life, Leaves of Grass went through 9 editions: 1855, 1856, 1860, 1867, 1871, 1876, 1881, 1889, 1891-92. • The first edition of Leaves of grass contained 12 poems, not sell well but it made a stir on the American literary scene. Because it broke with the poetic convention and expressed the pleasures of sex and the sensuality of the body, it was criticized as “noxious weeds”, “poetry of barbarism”.

Song of Myself(节选) by Walt Whitman Not I, not any one else can travel that road for you, You must travel it for yourself. 我不能，其他任何人也不能替你走那条路， 你必须自己走。 It is not far, it is within reach, Perhaps you have been on it since you were born and did not know, Perhaps it is everywhere on water and on land. 它并不遥远，它是可以到达的。 也许你一出生就已在那条路上了，不自知而为之， 或许这路在水中、于陆上，处处都有。

美国文学_walt_whitman_简介


Major Themes in His Poetry
• • • • • • • Equality of things and beings Divinity of everything Multiplicity of nature Self-reliant spirit Death, beauty of death Expansion of America Brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world) • Pursuit of love and happiness
1. Form: 52 sections, 1346 lines 2. Language This poem is written in free Verse, and no fixed beat and rhythm. The lines are not balanced. It is the unique form of Whitman’s poem.
Walt Whitman (1819 –1892)
Introduction to Walt Whitman (1819 –1892)
• American poet, essayist ,journalist, and humanist • A part of the transition between Transcendentalism （超验主义，先验论） and Realism • The father of free verse
4. Theme The poem reveals a world of equality, without rank and hierarchy, and celebrates the dignity, the self-reliant spirit, and the joy of the common man. 5. Social reference This poem was refused by the then society because of the change in the form of traditional poems and the idea about sex. But it greatly influenced the poetry world in 20th century in America.

美国文学walt-whitman英语介绍


• At age eleven he was an office boy for two lawyers and later was an apprentice学徒 of printer • At age of sixteen, as a teacher in the oneroom school houses of Long Island. • At age of twenty-two, he turned to journalism as a full-time career. • At age of twenty-seven he was editor of the Brooklyn Eagle 《布鲁克林之鹰》
பைடு நூலகம்
Career
• At age of twenty-nine Whitman lost his position because his political standpoint was opposite to his boss. at the Brooklyn Eagle after siding with the Democratic party民主党 against the newspaper„s owner, Isaac Van Anden, who belonged to Republican party 共和党 • During the Civil War南北战争, Whitman worked as a volunteer nurse, a “wound dresser” in military hospitals. • After the Civil War He worked as a clerk in the home office but was fired because the home office minister部长disliked his work Leaves Of Grass百草集

美国文学_walt_whitman_简介

3. The adopt of ―free verse‖---poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme 4. The use of colorful words and vivid images
Major Themes in His Poetry
• • • • • • • Equality of things and beings Divinity of everything Multiplicity of nature Self-reliant spirit Death, beauty of death Expansion of America Brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world) • Pursuit of love and happiness
Leaves of Grass 草叶集
First published in 1855 with only 12 poems Nine editions and last edition includes more than 400 poems Celebrates the ideals of equality, democracy, the dignity, selfreliant spirit and joy of common people Grass---the most common thing with the greatest vitality, as a symbol of the rising American
O Captain! My Captain
Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done, The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is worn, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red! Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up--for you the flag is flung--for you the bugle trills, For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths--for you the shores crowding, For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; Here, Captain! dear father! This arm beneath your head; It is some dream that on the deck You've fallen cold and dead. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse or will; The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won; Exult, O Shores! and ring, O bell! But I, with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.
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• In the poem, I or myself, in its most limited sense, is Whitman himself; but in its largest and most frequent sense, it is generic and representative of all men. The image of this poem is panoramic(全景的), flowing and expanding without end. • Through the creation of multiple images, Whitman expresses his innermost being, the spirit of the age and country and the unity of all human experiences. • The structure of this poem is also original, different from the traditional poetic pattern. The movement of this poem is circular rather than linear.
Walt Whitman沃尔特· 惠特曼 (1819-1892)
▲He was one of the great innovators and pioneers in American poetry. ▲ an American famous poet
life
• Growing up in a working-class background in Brooklyn, New York, Whitman had very little education. • In 1840s, to pick up some first-hand knowledge of life and people, he worked as a shopkeeper, an apprentice to a printer and an editor of various newspapers. • In 1848, he visited New Orleans, Chicago and the western frontier and saw much of the Mississippi heartlands. This experience furnished both material and the guiding spirit for his epic, Leaves of Grass, the first edition of which (15poem) was published in 1855.
Song of Myself
• I celebrate myself, and sing myself, • And what I assume you shall assume, • For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
• • 我赞美我自己，歌唱我自己， 我承担的你也将承担， 因为属于我的每一个原 子也同样属于你。
His Masterpiece
◆ Leaves of Grass the first American genuine epic poem Went through nine editions altogether 443 most of them are about man and nature ◆ Song of myself （自我之歌）is the most often quoted poem ◆ when lilacs last in the dooryard bloom„d(最近紫丁香
• Creeds and schools in abeyance,
• Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten, I • harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard, • Nature without check with original energy信条和 学派暂时不论， 且后退一步，明了它们当前的情 况已足，但也决不是忘记， 不论我从善从恶，我 允许随意发表意见， 顺乎自然，保持原始的活力。
His Achievements
• Whitman was one of the most original and inspiring American poets, He devoted himself to poetry , eulogizing the native American experience. • Whitman tried to blend the world of science, the philosophy of democracy and the spiritual feeling of life into one, to incorporate these into his poetry . • As America's first genuine epic poem, Leaves of Grass ran nine editions with more than 400 poems all written in free verse form. • As a democratic poet , Whitman supported and sang highly of the democratization of the nation, favored the abolition of slavery, advocated equality and pursued truth.
Байду номын сангаас
I loaf and invite my soul,
• I lean and loaf at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.
• 我闲步，还邀请了我的灵魂， 我俯身悠然观察着一片夏日的草叶。
• My tongue, every atom of my blood, form„d from this soil, this air, Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same, 我的舌，我血液的每个原子，是在这片土壤、这 个空气里形成的， 是这里的父母生下的，父母的 父母也是在这里生下的，他们的父母也一样， • I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin, Hoping to cease not till death. 我，现在三十七岁，一生下身体就十分健康， 希 望永远如此，直到死去。
The Features of His poems
1.For Whitman, the poetic form was to be organic, not restrained or disciplined. Therefore, he threw aside the traditional ornaments of verse and created his own form. 2.He used slang words and colloquial language . 3. In Whitman's poetry ,lines of the poems are often extremely long. 4. parallelism and impressive repetitions are widely used.
在庭院里开放的时候 ,悼念林肯的）
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oh, Captain, my Captain（悼念林肯的）
Free Verse ☆ He broke the convention of poetry and exhibited a free form, which is now called free verse. Free verse, also known as “open form” verse, is the verse without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme, depending on natural speech rhythms related to the actual cadence （韵律）of the poet expressing himself.
5.His poem are religious
6. His poetic structure is called the envelope structure. Often in Whitman's poetry, the first line begins with the subject, and then more and more lines list modifiers till the verb appears in the last line of the stanza. This is like enclosing a whole list of ideas in an envelope. 7. He used the catalogue technique. Catalogue means listing. Typical poems by Whitman make long, long lists of images, of sights, sounds, smells, taste, and touch. “I Hear America Singing,, is a very good example of the catalogue technique. He listed the song that every common person in America is singing. This is very unconventional and sometimes very boring. But when one uses it nicely, it is an effective technique.