实用英汉互译教程7 Sentence Order

翻译技巧之语序调整法语序调整法（inversion）Inversion 作为一种翻译技巧，其意思为，翻译时对词序作必要或必不可少的改变，并不是纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。

在语法中，倒装一般是指主语与谓语或与谓语的一部分颠倒位置，而翻译中的inversion是指译文和原文相比，词序发生了变化，故名“词序调整法”。

词序调整法在英汉互译中运用是非常普遍的，不管是词汇、短语的翻译，或是句子的翻译，都是如此。

By inversion in translation we mean that the constituent elements of a sentence are arranged in a way different from the general rules of word order of the language in question. Each language has its own peculiarities in word order. The natural order in English may mean the inverted order in Chinese. Put it more clearly, inversion, as one of the translation techniques, means the necessary or even inevitable change of word-order in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into. This change of word-order is necessary because, first of all, each language has its own natural word order and its own peculiarities in word order, secondly, inversion, as a stylistic device, is often used for emphasis.它主要涉及到词序、句序两方面的调整。

郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】第1章翻译概述⼀、填空1. Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are _____, _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance【解析】严复提出的翻译标准：信、达、雅。

2. Translation in China has a long history of some_____years.【答案】two thousand【解析】我国的翻译事业有约2000年的历史。

3. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, smoothness【解析】我国现今通⽤的两个翻译标准：“信”和“达”。

⼆、回答下列问题1. What is meant by translation?【答案】Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.2. What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?【答案】Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”3. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?【答案】Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:① a good command of the source language,② a good command of the target language,③ a wide range and scope of knowledge,④ a high political consciousness,⑤ a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.4. How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?【答案】Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.5. What do you think should be the criteria of translation?【答案】To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness, or even only one word: faithfulness.三、英译汉1. Source language and target language【答案】译出语和译⼊语2. the Oriental and Occidental languages 【答案】东⽅语⾔和西⽅语⾔3. Alexander Fraser Tyler【答案】亚历⼭⼤?弗雷泽?泰勒4. Georges Mounin【答案】乔治?穆南5. Feedorov【答案】费道罗夫6. Indu Dharmarakcha【答案】竺法护7. Kumara’3iva【答案】鸠摩罗什8. Paramartha(Gunarata)【答案】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）【答案】利玛窦10. Euclid’s Elements【答案】《⼏何原本》11. La Dame aux Camelias【答案】《茶花⼥》12. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)【答案】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）13. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)【答案】《群⼰权界论》（约翰?穆勒著）14. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A.Smith) 【答案】原富》（亚当?斯密）15. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)【答案】《天演论》（赫胥黎）四、汉译英【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance2. “宁顺⽽不信。

Sentence T ranslation1. Changing sentence order (Inversion)•There are diverse cultural backgrounds between English and Chinese, hence the large gapbetween the habitual expressions of these two languages. In this case, it is quite impossible for us to translate word by word, so sometimes we need to change the sentence order to make the target language smooth.•About 1840, a canal was constructed across the meadows of the Marsh Farm.•Improper: 大约在1840年，一条运河被建在横穿马什农场的草地上。

•Revised:•(The place of subject is changed.)•From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots.•Improper: 从那时刻他们走上祖国土地起……•Revised:•(The place of attributive clause is changed.)•Even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures. (Alex Haley: Roots)•Improper: 即使他家乡的野兽，昆塔觉得，也比这些家伙有更多的尊严。

郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】第3章翻译常⽤的⼋种技巧⼀、翻译下列各段。

注意翻译术语的适当运⽤，尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英，主要有⼋条翻译技巧(和原则)，即选词⽤字法，增译法，减译法，词类转移法，词序调整法，正说反译法、反说正译法，分译法和重译法。

2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.【答案】所谓“选词⽤字法”，就是在正确理解原⽂的基础上适当地选择词语。

3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.【答案】重译法之所以有⽤，第⼀是它可使译⽂明确(明确是衡量语⾔质量的第⼀个标准)；第⼆是为了强调，使语⾔有⼒(这是衡量语⾔质量的另⼀重要标准)；第三是为了使译⽂⽣动形象，引⼈⼈胜。

第1章翻译概述一、填空1. Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are _____, _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance【解析】严复提出的翻译标准：信、达、雅。

2. Translation in China has a long history of some_____years.【答案】two thousand【解析】我国的翻译事业有约2000年的历史。

3. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, smoothness【解析】我国现今通用的两个翻译标准：“信”和“达”。

二、回答下列问题1. What is meant by translation?【答案】Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.2. What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?【答案】Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”3. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?【答案】Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:① a good command of the source language,② a good command of the target language,③ a wide range and scope of knowledge,④ a high political consciousness,⑤ a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.4. How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?【答案】Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.5. What do you think should be the criteria of translation?【答案】To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness, or even only one word: faithfulness.三、英译汉1. Source language and target language【答案】译出语和译入语2. the Oriental and Occidental languages 【答案】东方语言和西方语言3. Alexander Fraser Tyler【答案】亚历山大•弗雷泽•泰勒4. Georges Mounin【答案】乔治•穆南5. Feedorov【答案】费道罗夫6. Indu Dharmarakcha【答案】竺法护7. Kumara’3iva【答案】鸠摩罗什8. Paramartha(Gunarata)【答案】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）【答案】利玛窦10. Euclid’s Elements【答案】《几何原本》11. La Dame aux Camelias【答案】《茶花女》12. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)【答案】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）13. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)【答案】《群己权界论》（约翰•穆勒著）14. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A.Smith) 【答案】原富》（亚当•斯密）15. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)【答案】《天演论》（赫胥黎）四、汉译英【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance2. “宁顺而不信。

How to write a good paper 如何写好一个论文How to write a good paper▪Notes from discussion meeting at University of Agder▪By Professor Tom Luo▪University of Minnesota▪I do not know the right answer. Let's think about how to write a good paper – a scientific paper.▪What is a good paper? Not easy to define. In my mind, it has to have good technical content.我不知道正确的答案。

让我们来想想怎么写一篇好的论文- 科学论文。

什么是一个很好的文件？不容易界定。

在我看来，它必须有良好的技术含量。

▪There are two ways to achieve this:Introduce a good problem formulation – the low fruit. Being the first one in the field. To show a theoretical discussion, show the importantaspects of a particular problem. A good introduction to that fieldrequires a lot of luck and vision. You are ahead of the pack for 6months – a year – good for you. People cite that a lot.A good closer which gives the final answer. Have chewed [tʃu:, 咀嚼,思考] on the problem for a while, paper takes up key issues and youintroduces an innovative technique to solve it –it gives technicalinsight.有两种方法来实现这一点：介绍一个好问题形成- 低的水果。

The Spring DawnSlumbering, I know not the spring dawn is peeping,But everywhere the singing birds are cheeping.Last night I heard the rain dripping and wind weeping,How many petals are now on the ground sleeping.Mounting the Stock TowerThe white sun sets behind mountains,The Yellow River flows into the sea.Go further up one flight of stairs,And you’ll widen your view a thousand Li.Chapter 6 Differences Between Chinese And English1．writing system:Chinese: ideographic system （表意文字）English: alphabetic system （表音文字）1.family:C: Sino-Tibetan familyE: Indo-European family2.type:C: analytic E: syntheticFineness3.tone:C: tone language E: intonation language5. Relationships between the vocabularies of the two languages1)Correspondence: proper names, nounsoverall strength of the country, to pay sb. IOU, 知识产权false correspondence:淡水，salt solution 盐水，学习知识acquire knowledge，强硬政策tough policy，好票，穷山恶水barren mountains AND untamed rivers 2）Inclusion: 胡子(moustache, whiskers, beard),beauty (beauty contest, beauty shop, beauty specialist，the magazine's beauty editor)3）Intersection:骑墙fence-sitter ，票：请买票。