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第11章科技翻译一、翻译下列科技词汇1. cryogenics【译文】低温学2. norepinephrine【译文】新肾上腺素3. nucleonics【译文】核子学4. semisomnus【译文】半昏迷5. autoradiography【译文】自动射线照相术6. excoriation【译文】表皮脱落7. radiophotography【译文】无线电传真8. anti-armored fighting vehicle missile【译文】反装甲车导弹9. cpd【译文】compound化合物10. FM【译文】frequency modulation调频11. telesat【译文】telecommunications satellite通讯卫星12. frame【译文】（机械）机架；（计算机技术）“帧”或“镜头”13. normal【译文】<化学>中性的；当量的；标准浓度<物理学>简正的<几>垂直的；法线的；法线<生物学>不受感染的14. AIDS【译文】获得性免疫缺乏综合症15. poliomyelitis【译文】脊髓灰质炎16. conjunctivitis【译文】结膜炎17. diarrhea【译文】腹泻18. pink eye【译文】红眼病19. the runs【译文】拉肚子20. heartman【译文】换心人21. fallout【译文】放射性尘埃22. photobotany【译文】光植物学23. salt former【译文】卤素24. hot press【译文】热压25. waterproof【译文】防水的26. heart burn【译文】胃灼热/心口灼热27. antiparticle【译文】反粒子28. antineutron【译文】反中子29. antibody【译文】抗体30. autocorrelation【译文】自相关31. semicorrelator【译文】自相关器【解析】科技词汇中有许多以verb+er/or构成的词指的是某一仪器而不是人。
英汉互译实用教程（郭著章）第二章翻译过程及词义确定本章内容概述：翻译过程:1. 理解原文2. 译文表达3. 校核阶段翻译过程：理解原文⏹1. 理解语言现象a.词汇现象b.语法现象⏹2.理解逻辑关系⏹3.理解所涉及事物理解原文：理解语言现象译者必须上下有联系地理解原文的词汇含义、句法结构和惯用法等理解原文：理解语言现象a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义⏹Eg.1. Life is full of ups and downs.人生充满了欢乐与痛苦。
⏹He has seen the ups and downs in the history of ⏹the relations between the two countries.⏹他经历了两国关系史上的分分合合。
a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义Eg. 2. The wedding ,which Heyward still remembered with pride ,was attended by a who's who of Boston Society.赫华德仍然记得，参加婚礼的人中有波士顿的一位社会名流，这使他感到十分得意。
a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义Eg.3. There was no lady about him. He was what the woman would call a manly man. That was why they like him.他这人没有一点女人气。
他是女人们称之为男子汉的那种人。
这正是他们喜欢他的原因所在。
a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义4. My handwriting was so bad that after taking dictation, I couldn’t translate it.辨识、辨认a.词汇现象：根据词性确定词义Eg.5. On his way home he bought some apples at a fruit stand.摊位他回家时，在路上的水果摊上买了些苹果。
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第10、11章【圣才出品】第10章⼤写、标点符号与英汉互译⼀、将下列各条译成英语。
注意⼤⼩写1. 地中海中的岛屿和加那利群岛【答案】Mediterranean islands and Canary Islands2. 我准备去西部度假。
【答案】I am going to the West for my vacation.3. 基⾟格的⽗亲是个德国⼈。
【答案】Kissinger’s father is a German.4. 你提到的那座天主教堂和圣爱德华天主教堂不同。
【答案】hat Catholic church you mentioned is different from St.Edward’s Catholic Church.5. 《双城记》是狄更斯的⼀部⼩说，⽽《⼈⽣颂》是朗费罗的⼀⾸诗。
【答案】A Tale of Two Cities is a novel by Dickens and "The Psalm of Life" is a poem by Longfellow.⼆、翻译下列各条。
注意正确使⽤撇号1. ⽛医的诊所【答案】the dentist’s office2. 我表兄弟们的房⼦【答案】my cousins’ houses3. ⼥⼠们的帽⼦【答案】the ladies’ hats4. 琼斯⼀家的汽车【答案】the Joneses’ car5. 我⼏位嫂⼦的信件【答案】my sisters-in-law’s letters6. 五美元的价值【答案】five dollars’ worth7. 基⾟格和尼克松的计划【答案】Kiss inger and Nixon’s plan8. 尼克松和罗杰斯各⾃的计划【答案】Nixon’s and Rogers’s plans三、将下列句⼦译成汉语。
注意标点符号的使⽤1. The teacher said. “I will accept your excuse.”【答案】这位⽼师说：“我同意你的请假。
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第1~6章【圣才出品】第1章翻译概述⼀、填空1. Yan Fu’s 3-word translation criteria are _____, _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance【解析】严复提出的翻译标准：信、达、雅。
2. Translation in China has a long history of some_____years.【答案】two thousand【解析】我国的翻译事业有约2000年的历史。
3. The two words used as the common criteria of translation in China today are _____and_____.【答案】faithfulness, smoothness【解析】我国现今通⽤的两个翻译标准：“信”和“达”。
⼆、回答下列问题1. What is meant by translation?【答案】Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language, not only an art but also a science.2. What was Karl Marx fond of saying about the importance of a foreign language?【答案】Karl Marx was fond of saying: “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.”3. What are the prerequisites for a qualified translator?【答案】Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have five prerequisites:① a good command of the source language,② a good command of the target language,③ a wide range and scope of knowledge,④ a high political consciousness,⑤ a necessary knowledge of basic techniques used in translation.4. How to define the literal translation and the liberal translation?【答案】Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original almost without any change of word-order or sentence construction. Liberal translation is also called free translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word-order of the original.5. What do you think should be the criteria of translation?【答案】To me, the criteria of translation should be the following two words: faithfulness and smoothness, or even only one word: faithfulness.三、英译汉1. Source language and target language【答案】译出语和译⼊语2. the Oriental and Occidental languages 【答案】东⽅语⾔和西⽅语⾔3. Alexander Fraser Tyler【答案】亚历⼭⼤?弗雷泽?泰勒4. Georges Mounin【答案】乔治?穆南5. Feedorov【答案】费道罗夫6. Indu Dharmarakcha【答案】竺法护7. Kumara’3iva【答案】鸠摩罗什8. Paramartha(Gunarata)【答案】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）【答案】利玛窦10. Euclid’s Elements【答案】《⼏何原本》11. La Dame aux Camelias【答案】《茶花⼥》12. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)【答案】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）13. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)【答案】《群⼰权界论》（约翰?穆勒著）14. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A.Smith) 【答案】原富》（亚当?斯密）15. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)【答案】《天演论》（赫胥黎）四、汉译英【答案】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance2. “宁顺⽽不信。
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】第3章翻译常⽤的⼋种技巧⼀、翻译下列各段。
注意翻译术语的适当运⽤，尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英，主要有⼋条翻译技巧(和原则)，即选词⽤字法，增译法，减译法，词类转移法，词序调整法，正说反译法、反说正译法，分译法和重译法。
2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.【答案】所谓“选词⽤字法”，就是在正确理解原⽂的基础上适当地选择词语。
3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.【答案】重译法之所以有⽤，第⼀是它可使译⽂明确(明确是衡量语⾔质量的第⼀个标准)；第⼆是为了强调，使语⾔有⼒(这是衡量语⾔质量的另⼀重要标准)；第三是为了使译⽂⽣动形象，引⼈⼈胜。
第8章文化与翻译8.1 复习笔记第1节概述一、文化概念1. 广义文化广义论者认为：文化是个几乎无所不包的大范围、大概念，既有属于物质领域的，也有属于意识形态领域的。
据此广义定义，美国著名翻译理论家尤金·奈达将语言文化特性分为五类：(1) Ecology生态学；(2) Material Culture物质文化；(3) Social Culture社会文化；(4) Religious Culture宗教文化；(5) Linguistic Culture语言文化。
2. 狭义文化狭义论者却认为文化只指精神文明，这是中外大多数人比较一致的看法。
二、翻译与文化关系1. 任何翻译都离不开文化。
历来有经验的译者或翻译研究者都比较注意文化与翻译的关系。
2.在学习一种语言的过程中认真研究与该语言相关联的文化，大量的文化信息可以等值传递，这就是两种文化共性的东西。
与两种文化的差异相联的内容构成了翻译中的难题，这种难题任何译者都会经常遇到。
第2节大众审美心理与广告翻译一、大众审美心理与广告翻译的关系审美心理是一种综合的文化意识，涉及到政治观点、宗教观念、生活方式和风俗习惯等各个方面，大众审美心理更是如此；而广告又是一种面对大众的重要宣传手段，本身就是一种重要的社会文化，它不仅要遵循社会文化习惯和投合大众审美心理，而且在影响和形成社会文化和审美心理方面起着重要作用。
二、翻译方法1. 熟悉外族文化，了解异域人民审美心理；否则的话，就会在出口商品的商标翻译中出现败笔。
如：“蜜蜂”牌洗澡香皂被直译为“Bees”，看来也是完全对应的英译，但英文读者却不欢迎这个译名，因为蜜蜂身上有几乎看不见的绒刺，擦在身上自然感觉不到舒服。
2. 为向译文读者忠实地转达原文信息，有时要作适当的文化转换。
如：“玉兔”这一商标为什么英译成“Moon Rabbit”而不译成“Jade Rabbit”?原因在于：“玉兔”乃我国神话中陪伴吴刚生活在月宫桂花树下的兔子，因此，它又成为月的代称。
附录翻译练笔材料及详解一、英文短篇1A faint whinny, ①penetrating her dreams, woke the little girl on the veranda. When she opened her eyes it was still not quite light and the tall gums crowding the steep rise to the road ②loomed up darkly over the house, only leaving a pale strip of sky. ③Dew lay heavy on everything -the bark woodshed, the wheelbarrow by the stump, the bracken on the edge of the bush. From the spouting trickled beads of water, dimming the flywire that netted the veranda.Warm in her blankets, the little girl looked drowsily up at ④the dark shape that always frightened her at bedtime; it had the beard and hunched shoulders of an old man and stretched out a dead hand. Now, in the growing light, it was only a tree, no different from the other trees. Noises were beginning to seep through the woolly mist -⑤the yellow robin’s plucked string, clop-clop and jingle of a farmer’s cart on the road above, snort of the pony that was always brought into the paddock near the house at night-time.【参考译文】一阵轻微的马嘶声①闯进了睡在阳台上的小妞的梦乡，把她惊醒了。
第10章大写、标点符号与英汉互译一、将下列各条译成英语。
注意大小写1. 地中海中的岛屿和加那利群岛【答案】Mediterranean islands and Canary Islands2. 我准备去西部度假。
【答案】I am going to the West for my vacation.3. 基辛格的父亲是个德国人。
【答案】Kissinger’s father is a German.4. 你提到的那座天主教堂和圣爱德华天主教堂不同。
【答案】hat Catholic church you mentioned is different from St.Edward’s Catholic Church.5. 《双城记》是狄更斯的一部小说，而《人生颂》是朗费罗的一首诗。
【答案】A Tale of Two Cities is a novel by Dickens and "The Psalm of Life" is a poem by Longfellow.二、翻译下列各条。
注意正确使用撇号1. 牙医的诊所【答案】the dentist’s office2. 我表兄弟们的房子【答案】my cousins’ houses3. 女士们的帽子【答案】the ladies’ hats4. 琼斯一家的汽车【答案】the Joneses’ car5. 我几位嫂子的信件【答案】my sisters-in-law’s letters6. 五美元的价值【答案】five dollars’ worth7. 基辛格和尼克松的计划【答案】Kiss inger and Nixon’s plan8. 尼克松和罗杰斯各自的计划【答案】Nixon’s and Rogers’s plans三、将下列句子译成汉语。
注意标点符号的使用1. The teacher said. “I will accept your excuse.”【答案】这位老师说：“我同意你的请假。
附录翻译练笔材料及详解一、英文短篇1A faint whinny, ①penetrating her dreams, woke the little girl on the veranda. When she opened her eyes it was still not quite light and the tall gums crowding the steep rise to the road ②loomed up darkly over the house, only leaving a pale strip of sky. ③Dew lay heavy on everything -the bark woodshed, the wheelbarrow by the stump, the bracken on the edge of the bush. From the spouting trickled beads of water, dimming the flywire that netted the veranda.Warm in her blankets, the little girl looked drowsily up at ④the dark shape that always frightened her at bedtime; it had the beard and hunched shoulders of an old man and stretched out a dead hand. Now, in the growing light, it was only a tree, no different from the other trees. Noises were beginning to seep through the woolly mist -⑤the yellow robin’s plucked string, clop-clop and jingle of a farmer’s cart on the road above, snort of the pony that was always brought into the paddock near the house at night-time.【参考译文】一阵轻微的马嘶声①闯进了睡在阳台上的小妞的梦乡，把她惊醒了。
第2章确定词义，表达得体2.1 复习笔记第1节确定词义不能望文生义，否则会引起实际翻译工作中的很大失误。
1. The School of the Air (the school of the air)【正译】广播学校(即通过电台对各地学生授课的学校)【误译】空军学校2. a family tree【正译】家谱【误译】一棵家庭树3. 协议书【正译】Agreement(or：Written Agreement)【误译】Agreement Book4. 王教授精通小学和《大学》。
【译文】Professor Wang is a master of the study of ancient forms，phonologyand meaning of written language as well as of the book The Great Learning.【解析】此句中的“小学”不能译成“primary school”或“elementary school”，《大学》也不能译为什么“university”之类。
因为“小学”在此句中的意思是指研究文字古字形、训诂、音韵的学问；《大学》是我国古代经典著作《四书》之一。
第2节表达得体一、表达得体表达得体就是使译文恰如其分，不仅和原文的意思相符而且和原文的风格相符。
二、翻译中做到表达得体的方法1. 要联系上下文，这是确定词义、表达得体的基础。
2. 注意文字表达的分寸与褒贬。
3. 活用词典，即不能照抄词典上的译文。
只能根据各种词典所赋予的基本意思，融会贯通，自己创造出恰如其分的措词或词典上碰巧合适的译文。
4. 充分发挥汉语和英语的优势，使译文更地道，做到精益求精。
英、汉语各有自己的优势。
从下面例句，特别是译文中对成语的使用，可以看出汉语的优势所在。
①What we were offered was a big fat zero.我们得到的是一个大零蛋。
②Carter is shooting at oil now, but who will be next?卡特现在正拿石油开刀，下一个目标是谁呢?第3节正确理解与表达译例一、应用文方面的译例汉语中同样一个字，所处的上下文不同，译法就会各不相同：1. ××书：①申请书Letter of Application②报告书Report③协议书Agreement2. ××启事：①招领启事Found②鸣谢启事Acknowledgments③征稿启事Contributions Wanted④更正启事Corrections以上为汉译英的例子。
郭著章李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解（⽂化与翻译）【圣才出品】第8章⽂化与翻译8.1 复习笔记第1节概述⼀、⽂化概念1. ⼴义⽂化⼴义论者认为：⽂化是个⼏乎⽆所不包的⼤范围、⼤概念，既有属于物质领域的，也有属于意识形态领域的。
据此⼴义定义，美国著名翻译理论家尤⾦·奈达将语⾔⽂化特性分为五类：(1) Ecology⽣态学；(2) Material Culture物质⽂化；(3) Social Culture社会⽂化；(4) Religious Culture宗教⽂化；(5) Linguistic Culture语⾔⽂化。
2. 狭义⽂化狭义论者却认为⽂化只指精神⽂明，这是中外⼤多数⼈⽐较⼀致的看法。
⼆、翻译与⽂化关系1. 任何翻译都离不开⽂化。
历来有经验的译者或翻译研究者都⽐较注意⽂化与翻译的关系。
2.在学习⼀种语⾔的过程中认真研究与该语⾔相关联的⽂化，⼤量的⽂化信息可以等值传递，这就是两种⽂化共性的东西。
与两种⽂化的差异相联的内容构成了翻译中的难题，这种难题任何译者都会经常遇到。
第2节⼤众审美⼼理与⼴告翻译⼀、⼤众审美⼼理与⼴告翻译的关系审美⼼理是⼀种综合的⽂化意识，涉及到政治观点、宗教观念、⽣活⽅式和风俗习惯等各个⽅⾯，⼤众审美⼼理更是如此；⽽⼴告⼜是⼀种⾯对⼤众的重要宣传⼿段，本⾝就是⼀种重要的社会⽂化，它不仅要遵循社会⽂化习惯和投合⼤众审美⼼理，⽽且在影响和形成社会⽂化和审美⼼理⽅⾯起着重要作⽤。
⼆、翻译⽅法1. 熟悉外族⽂化，了解异域⼈民审美⼼理；否则的话，就会在出⼝商品的商标翻译中出现败笔。
如：“蜜蜂”牌洗澡⾹皂被直译为“Bees”，看来也是完全对应的英译，但英⽂读者却不欢迎这个译名，因为蜜蜂⾝上有⼏乎看不见的绒刺，擦在⾝上⾃然感觉不到舒服。
2. 为向译⽂读者忠实地转达原⽂信息，有时要作适当的⽂化转换。
如：“⽟兔”这⼀商标为什么英译成“Moon Rabbit”⽽不译成“Jade Rabbit”?原因在于：“⽟兔”乃我国神话中陪伴吴刚⽣活在⽉宫桂花树下的兔⼦，因此，它⼜成为⽉的代称。
第5章英汉声色词互译一、英译汉，注意声色词的使用1. There is no retreat, but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! (—Patrick Henry)【答案】我们已经没有退路了，要退只有含恨忍辱，沦为奴隶。
囚禁我们的锁链已经铸就。
波士顿平原上已听到锁链丁铃当啷的响声。
（——帕特里克·亨利）2. There was a large, low-ceiled room, with clacking, rattling machines at which men in white shirt sleeves and blue gingham aprons were working. She followed him diffidently through the clattering automatons, keeping her eyes straight before her, and flushing slightly. (—Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie)【答案】那是个天棚很低的大房间，里面排列着发出隆隆声响的机器。
机器旁，穿着白衬衫蓝围腰的工人正在工作。
她怯生生地跟在后面，走过隆隆的机器，眼睛直视着前方，脸上微微有些发红。
（——西奥多·德莱赛：《嘉莉妹妹》）3. The seizure of the station with a fit of trembling, gradually deepening to a complaint of the heart, announced the train. Fire and steam, and smoke, and red light; a hiss, a crash, a bell, and a shriek; Louisa put into one carriage, Mrs. Sparsit put into another; the little station a desert speck in the thunderstorm. (—C. Dickens: Hard Times)【答案】接着车站一阵震动，渐渐地震动得使人心惊肉跳，表明列车快要到了。
实用翻译教程课后习题标准标准答案（详细）实用翻译教程，刘季春，中山大学出版社翻译练习答案（仅供参考）P451 .The stereo radio is now a standard feature.立体收音功能现在已经是一种标准功能了.2. If water is cold enough,it changes to ice.水温降到一定程度就会结成冰.3. There is clue to the identity of the murderer.没有确定窃贼身分地线索.4. Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rate. b5E2RGbCAP温度一降低,生长速度就会慢下来.5. We had barely dropped off to sleep when the doorbell began to ring. p1EanqFDPw我们刚睡着地时候门铃就响了.6. Mankind has always reverenced what Tennyson called "the useful trouble of the rai n". DXDiTa9E3d人类一直以来对Tennyson称为“雨带来地有用地麻烦”怀有敬畏.7. The new rates will apply from 1st January next year, until then the old rates below hold good. RTCrpUDGiT新利率将从明年1月1号开始施行，在此之前以下地旧利率控制良好.8. Usage is the only test . I would prefer a phrase that was easy and unaffected to a ph rase that was grammatical. ( W.Somerset.Maugham:Lucidity,Simplicity,Euphony) 5PC zVD7HxA语法只是考试用地.比起完全符合语法地词语我更喜欢那些简单而自然地词语.( W.Somerset.Maugham:Lucidity,Simplicity,Euphony) jLBHrnAILg9. The determination of what element or elements are present in a substance is called qualitative analysis. xHAQX74J0X 定性分析是指通过确定物质地构成元素或元素在物质中地呈现方式来确定该物质.10. The landscape constantly changes with rolling , densely wooded hills sweeping gl oriously down spectacular green valleys to rich agricultural plains where life continue s as it has done for centuries. LDAYtRyKfE景色随着山峦地起伏而不断变换着,覆盖着浓密森林地山丘一直延伸到肥沃地农业平原,在那里生活如其千百年来地样子延续着.Zzz6ZB2LtkP1021.银行拒绝给该公司提供新地贷款The bank refuses to provide loan again to this company dvzfvkwMI12.一有新货，我们即与贵方联系We will contact you as soon as new goods arrive3.随函附上装船单据副本，请查收Attached is the copy of shipping documents, please check rqyn14ZNXI4.我们相信，你方定会见票即付We believe you will certainly draw at sight5.请将信用证修改为“在广州议付”Please revise the L/C to “negotiateinGuangzhou”EmxvxOtOco6.如果一方未能执行合同，另一方有权中止本合同If one party fails to conduct the contract, the other party has the right to terminate the contract.SixE2yXPq57.很遗憾，我们不能接受你方报盘，你方价格太高，不敢问津I am sorry we cannot accept your offer, your price is too high,we cannot reach it.6ewMyirQFL8.为促成交易，我们认为你们至少得让5%才行For facilitating the deal, we do think you should make at least 5% discount.kavU42VRUs 9.我们地支付条款是保兑地、不可撤销地信用证，凭即期汇票支付Our payment term is confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit, by sight payment.（drawing at sight）y6v3ALoS8910.随函寄上第4567号购物确认书一式两份，请尽快签退一份，以备我方存查We are enclosing order 4567 sales confirmation in duplicate, of which please return one copy to us duly countersigned for our records.M2ub6vSTnP1. Between two high cliffs runs a swift stream.急流飞泻于悬崖之间.2. We shall regard as a personal favor any help you’ll give Mr. Chadwick. 0YujCfmUCw 任何你将你给予Mr. Chadwick地帮助我们会把它当做人情.3. Capitalism economic system is founded on the principle that competition among bu siness firms best serves the needs of society. eUts8ZQVRd资本主义经济制度建立在企业之间地竞争最好地服务于社会地需求地原则上.4. They spoke in smothered whispers, as though the night were listening.(Edith Whara ton : Ethan Frome ) sQsAEJkW5T 他们说话地声音低得不能再低，好像怕黑夜也在偷听.5. Like every commander , Father expected instant obedience , and he wished to deal with trained troops.(Clarence Day : Life with Father) 像每个指挥官一样，父亲期望地是快速地服从，而且他渴望着指挥受过训练地军队.GMsIasNXkA6.The island（Ibiza）is steeped in history, having been invaded by many different civilizations, each leaving their own indelible mark.TIrRGchYzg伊比沙岛充满历史气息，曾经被许多不同文明入侵，并留下了它们不可磨灭地印记.7.If you are looking for an oasis from the hustle and bustle of New York,look no further. This deluxe hotel offers impeccable service with the quiet efficiency an Emperor would expect.7EqZcWLZNX如果你想在喧闹繁华地纽约找一处舒适地地方，那么不必找了.这个高级酒店能为您提供皇帝都想要地快捷周到地服务.lzq7IGf02E8.He (Gorge Moore) learned to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.(W.Somerset Maugham:Lucidity,Simplicity, Euphony)zvpgeqJ1hk乔治.摩尔学着写一些听起来朦胧柔情地句子，乐此不疲9.Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors has acquired it. They wander into the church and look around aimlessly.(Nancy Mitford:The Water Beetle)NrpoJac3v1欣赏拜占庭艺术需要一种后天获得地品味，恐怕不到十分之一地游客能拥有它.大多数人漫步在教堂，只是漫无目地地四处张望.1nowfTG4KI10.Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind;it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.(Samuel Ullman :Youth )fjnFLDa5Zo青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面，丹唇，柔膝，而是深沉地意志，恢宏地想象，炽热地感情；青春是生命地源泉在不息地涌流.tfnNhnE6e5P128试将下列英语句子译成汉语，注意词量地增减1.If once virtue is lost,all is lost丧失了道德，便丧失了一切2.We think the business mainly depends on your price我们认为生意能否成交，主要取决于你方价格3. What we concerned about is the availability of your product HbmVN777sL我们所关心地是能否获得你方供货4. If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one,remember it always V7l4jRB8Hs施恩勿记，受恩勿忘5. My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time83lcPA59W9工作啦，家务啦，朋友啦，这些就够我忙地了6. The man was wearing a black suit, a pair if black shoes, a black bears, and a troubled look mZkklkzaaP那人黑衣，黑鞋，黑胡须，黑着一副脸7. Should you fail in your obligations, we shall be compelled to cancel the order AVktR43bpw若你方未能履行义务，我们将被迫撤销订单8. We leave it to you to suggest a solution as we have full confidence in your fairness ORjBnOwcEd 我们完全信任你方办事公正，故特请你方提出解决方案9. Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread,talked laughed ,proposed health2MiJTy0dTT男主人一边和客人谈笑、祝酒，一边还要切肉，倒酒，上菜，割面包，忙个不停10. That substances expand when heated and contract whencooled is a common physical phenomenon gIiSpiue7A 物质热胀冷缩是个普遍地物理现象试将下列英语句子翻译成汉语，翻译不通顺时，请尝试转换词类1. The wrong power-line connection will damage the motor uEh0U1Yfmh电源线接错了，就会损坏发动机2. Ice is not so dense as water and therefore it floats IAg9qLsgBX冰地密度比水地小，因此，冰浮于水3. Those waitresses recruited shall undergo a three-to-six-month probationary period WwghWvVhPE 经录用地女服务员，须试用3-6个月4. Aiming at the promotion of bilateral trade, SINOCHEM and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. have, through friendly consultation, come to the following agreement asfpsfpi4k为促进双边贸易，中国化工进出口总公司和XYZ贸易有限公司，经友好协商，达成如下协议5. With the purchase of two Boeing-747s, the country’s volume of trade with the United States has reached an all time height ooeyYZTjj1由于购买了2架波音747飞机，该国与美国地贸易额达到了前所未有地高水平6. It is our hope that this order is the first step in the establishment of a long and pleasant business relationship.BkeGuInkxI我们希望这次订货是建立长期、愉快业务关系地第一步7. Full information as to the prices, quality, quantity available, and other relative particulars would be appreciated PgdO0sRlMo 请详告产品价格、质量、可供量和其他有关情况8. Payment term: full settlement of fees shall fall due onemonth after receipt of the invoice3cdXwckm15付款条件：在收到发票后地1个月内支付全部费用9. The result of the election was an indication of the great influence of public opinion on state affairs h8c52WOngM 选举结果表明，舆论对国家事务具有重大影响力10. The very short wave lengths of ultrasound make a great difference in what ordinary sound waves do v4bdyGious 超音波地波长极短，其功能与普通音波地功能大有不同试反面着笔，将下列句子翻译成汉语，注意划线部分1. Your refusal to amend the L/C is equivalent to the cancellation of the order J0bm4qMpJ9你方拒绝修改信用证，这无异于取消订单2.Don’t open the door till the bus stops车位停稳，请勿开门3. I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man XVauA9grYP我读过你地文章，没想到你这样年轻4. In the absence of a settlement through negation, the case under dispute can be submitted to arbitration bR9C6TJscw 如谈判未能解决，争执之事可提交仲裁5. As soon as you get the license, please don’t fail to cable us pN9LBDdtrd一旦你方获得许可证，请务必来电6. We regret our inability to accept your claim because the cases, when being loaded, left nothing to be desired DJ8T7nHuGT你方索赔歉难接受，因为装船时箱子都完好无缺7. Some of your export commodities are still awash with problems:low technical nature, lower quality and grade QF81D7bvUA我们地某些出口商品仍未摆脱技术含量不高、质量偏低、档次上不去等问题8. People having some experience in the world of work believe it to be false4B7a9QFw9h稍有工作经验地人都不会相信那是真地9. Whether we like it or not, all of our fortuned are tied together. We are trulyinterdependent.(Kartor: A Global Economy)ix6iFA8xoX不管我们喜欢与否，我们所有人地命运都是相连地.我们真地谁也离不开谁10. We have come to depend on the availability of three principle kinds of transportation: land, sea, and air wt6qbkCyDE 我们越来越离不开3种基本地运输方式，即海、陆、空运输.试综合运用各种翻译技巧，将下列句子翻译成汉语，特别注意划线部分地处理1.Permission to reproduce articles, either in full or in part must be obtained from the editor Kp5zH46zRk无论是复制整篇还是部分文章，都必须取得作者地许可.2.The monkeys were trained according to different plans so as to make them highly individualized Yl4HdOAA61根据不同地方案去训练猴子使之高度个性化3.No young man believes he shall ever die. There is a feeling of Eternity in youth, which make us amend for everything.ch4PJx4BlI没有年轻人觉得自己会死去，年轻时都有一种永恒地感觉，这使我们能改变一切.4.Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch qd3YfhxCzo很明显他具备一个钓鱼者地优秀品质，即不以钓到地鱼多少来衡量钓鱼地乐趣.5.We are ready to have the cloth returned, carriage forward,but should you find it expedient to use it, we could offer you an allowance of 12 percent E836L11DO5我们已经准备好去把布料回收回来，车辆已经出发了，但是如果你觉得它们使用起来方便, 我们会提供给你一个12%地补贴.6.Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears(W.Somerset Maugham : Lucidity, Simplicity, Euphony) S42ehLvE3M一些无法清晰表达思想地作者会当然地认为他们地思想要比乍一看上去地表象深刻得多.7.Nor do i teach because i think i know answers, or becausei have knowledge i feel compelled to share. Sometimes i am amazed that my students actually take notes on what i say in class501nNvZFis我教书不是因为我知道答案，也不是因为我有知识迫切需要分享.有时我会吃惊地发现学生把我在课堂上说地话也记下来了jW1viftGw98.Somehow our path took us toward the park, across the footbridge high above the rolling waters of the Los Angeles River.(Nancy J Rigg: A Valentine to One Who Cared Too Much)xS0DOYWHLP 不知不觉地我们沿着小径一路走着，穿过了步行桥，桥下是湍急地河水.9.Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterize all the Industrial Revolution.(J. Bronowski: The Ascent of Man)LOZMkIqI0w 在修建英国运河网地过程中，有两点是非常突出地，这两点是整个工业革命地特点.10.It (Fowler’s Dictionary of Modern English Usage)is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well can not learn much from it.(W.Somerset Maugham : Lucidity, Simplicity,Euphony) ZKZUQsUJed福勒地《现代英语用法辞典》是一本很有价值地书.我认为，任何人，无论文章写得多好，也会从中得到许多益处.dGY2mcoKtT11.I honestly didn’t care (whether i could go to college). I wished she would just forget the whole thing.(Gerald Moore: The Day Mother Cried )rCYbSWRLIA说实话，我不在乎能否上大学，只希望她完全忘了这件事.12.I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers. I remember where a toad may live and what time the birds awaken in the summer----and what trees and seasons smelled like---how people looked and walked and smelled even. The memory of odors is very rich.(John Steinbeck: East of Eden) FyXjoFlMWh我记得儿时给各种小草和隐蔽地小花取地名字，我记得蟾蜍可能栖息在哪儿，夏天鸟儿什么时候醒来，以及树木在四季散发地味道，我甚至记得人们地表情，走姿以及身上地味道.记忆中地味道是那么地丰富.TuWrUpPObXP1791.请告贵公司贸易条款2.承蒙大力推销我方拖鞋，不胜感激！3.请将些列货品尽快寄至上述地址，谢谢4.兹通知，标题货物已于昨日有“和平”轮装出5.现随寄我方销售合同第HN38号一式两份，请查收6.请托运人特别注意本提单内与该货保险效力有关地免责事项和条款7.现另邮我方最新产品目录及价目单.希望价格和质量均适合你方需要8.承蒙建议做我方代理，但因我们之间尚不十分熟悉，不如待日后做开交易，在谈此事为宜9.贵公司2005年8月31日地传真函敬悉.感谢你们合作地诚意，我厂将以积极地态度早日促成合作地到来10.兹附上我方第5368号形式发票一式两份；计500辆“永久”牌自行车，1993年10月交货.务请注意，该形式发票有效期至1993年9月1日止.7qWAq9jPqE1. While we appreciate what you stated in your letter of Dec.22, we regret that it is impossible to supply bitter apricot kernels for the time being.llVIWTNQFk感谢贵方12月22日来函，但遗憾地是，我们目前暂不能提供苦杏仁.2. We should be obliged if you would let us have some names and addresses of likely importers of good standing from among your customers together with brief credit reports on them.yhUQsDgRT1 如蒙告知贵行客户中可靠地进口商号及地址，并附其资信报告，我们将不胜感激.3. We have received your letter of 2nd March,with a price-list of your products enclosed therein.MdUZYnKS8I3月2日来函及所附贵厂产品价目单均获悉.4. We have pleased to inform you that we have booked shipping space for our Order No.4256 of chemical fertilizer on S.S “Peace” with ETA the 15th May.09T7t6eTno兹通知，我方4265号化肥订单舱位订妥，由“和平”号装运，该轮预计5月15日抵达.5. The smallest order we can fill for the goods is 1000 yards.we are in a position to offer up to 25% discount depending on the size of your order.e5TfZQIUB5该货起订量为1000码，根据订单大小，我们看提供高达25%地折扣.6. Enclosed are our latest catalogs and price-list. Please note that the prices are much lower than those of other competitors,because we manufacture the goods ourselves andexport direct to you,not through any middlemen.s1SovAcVQM随函附寄最新目录和价目单.请注意，我方货物系自己生产，且不通过任何中间商直接出口，故价格比其他竞争者均优惠.GXRw1kFW5s7. Herewith we have pleasure in handing you an order for immediate shipment if 100 bales of Merino Wool.UTREx49Xj9 兹寄上本公司订单，请立即发运100包“美利奴”羊毛.8. Claims , if any, must be made within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination,after which no claims will be entertained.8PQN3NDYyP万一发生索赔，必须于货到目地地30天内提出，过期不予受理.9. Thank you very much for your letter of June 5 with samples and price-list. We have made our choice and take pleasure in enclosing our Order No.368.mLPVzx7ZNw6月5日函、样品盒价目单均收到，谢谢.我们业已选妥，并随附368号订单.10. We should appreciate your sending us a catalog of your Rubber Boots together with terms of payment and the latest discount you can allow. AHP35hB02d请寄橡胶鞋目录一份，并注明付款条件及最大折扣.版权申明本文部分内容，包括文字、图片、以及设计等在网上搜集整理.版权为个人所有This article includes some parts, including text, pictures, and design. Copyright is personal ownership.NDOcB141gT 用户可将本文地内容或服务用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著作权法及其他相关法律地规定，不得侵犯本网站及相关权利人地合法权利.除此以外，将本文任何内容或服务用于其他用途时，须征得本人及相关权利人地书面许可，并支付报酬.1zOk7Ly2vAUsers may use the contents or services of this article for personal study, research or appreciation, and othernon-commercial or non-profit purposes, but at the same time, they shall abide by the provisions of copyright law and other relevant laws, and shall not infringe upon the legitimate rights of this website and its relevant obligees. 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郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》（第4版）教材配套题库-第5章翻译常用的八种技巧（中）【圣才出品】5.3 减译法1. I know my friends from the feel of their faces.【译文】我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。
2. Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water.【译文】冰是固体，如果加热，就融化成水。
3. John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket, sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.【译文】约翰早晨起床很早，他穿上夹克，就坐在桌旁开始做家庭作业。
4. But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty, for the sun had just set in splendor, and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron afterglow. 【译文】但此时整条路看起来都挺美，金灿灿的太阳刚落下山，橙红色的余辉掩盖了房屋的种种差异。
5. He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipes and tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailor’s thimble.【译文】他放在那儿有一个架子，摆着他的波希米亚报纸、烟斗、烟叶，还有大剪刀、针、线，以及裁缝用的顶针。
6. Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers…【译文】史书上最经常出现、最为显赫的人物，大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军事家。
第1章翻译概述1.1 复习笔记第1节翻译自学方法和译者合格条件一、翻译自学方法掌握必要翻译知识和理论，进行大量实践阅读翻译理论书籍、期刊，进行名著翻译实践、阅读翻译技巧书籍、浏览翻译网站等。
二、译者合格条件（一）外文水平高有些原文在特定情况下有特定译法，不能一概而论。
要特别重视基本功的训练。
1. (Just) imagine (it).【译文】不可能/想不到/没想到【解析】≠把它想象一下吧。
2. I’ll buy it.【译文】我不懂。
/我答不出。
/请告诉我。
【解析】≠我将买它。
（二）中文水平高母语好是理解和表达的需要。
理解指汉译英时理解汉语原文，表达指英译汉时可用好的汉语来表达。
（三）知识面广1. John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.【译文】约翰为人可靠，他既诚实又正直。
【解析】需要英国历史典故方面的知识。
2. The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.【译文】安理会自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。
【解析】需要国际法方面的知识。
3. Nyaungu was actually the boundary between the two Japanese divisions.【译文】良字实际上是日军两个师的结合部。
【解析】需要地理、军事等方面的知识。
（四）政治觉悟高这一点在决定用词褒贬时要特别注意。
1. the peasant uprisings in the history of China【译文】中国历史上的农民起义【解析】不能根据英国的ALD及其香港出的汉译翻成“中国历史上的农民叛乱(或叛变)”，而应译为“农民起义”。
2. The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.【译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志，我们宰了一个敌特。
第1章翻译概述1.1复习笔记第1节翻译学习方法和译者合格条件一、翻译学习方法掌握必要翻译知识和理论，进行大量实践阅读翻译理论书籍、期刊，进行名著翻译实践、阅读翻译技巧书籍、浏览翻译网站等。
二、译者合格条件（一）外文水平高有些原文在特定情况下有特定译法，不能一概而论。
要特别重视基本功的训练。
1.(Just)imagine(it).【译文】不可能/想不到/没想到【解析】≠把它想象一下吧。
2.I’ll buy it.【译文】我不懂。
/我答不出。
/请告诉我。
【解析】≠我将买它。
（二）中文水平高母语好是理解和表达的需要。
理解指汉译英时理解汉语原文，表达指英译汉时可用好的汉语来表达。
（三）知识面广1.John can be relied on,he eats no fish and plays the game.【译文】约翰为人可靠，他既诚实又正直。
【解析】需要英国历史典故方面的知识。
2.The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.【译文】安理会自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。
【解析】需要国际法方面的知识。
3.Nyaungu was actually the boundary between the two Japanese divisions.【译文】良字实际上是日军两个师的结合部。
【解析】需要地理、军事等方面的知识。
（四）政治觉悟高这一点在决定用词褒贬时要特别注意。
1.the peasant uprisings in the history of China【译文】中国历史上的农民起义【解析】不能根据英国的ALD及其香港出的汉译翻成“中国历史上的农民叛乱(或叛变)”，而应译为“农民起义”。
2.The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.【译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志，我们宰了一个敌特。
第7章Idioms与熟语的翻译
一、找出下列英语熟语的来源并译成汉语
1. to blow hot and cold
【答案】朝三暮四
2. to paint the lily
【答案】画蛇添足；多此一举(浪费或做不必要的事)
3. a dog in the manger
【答案】占据牛槽的狗(占着茅坑不拉屎的人)
4. to separate the sheep from the goats
【答案】把好人与坏人分开
5. Everyone for himself and the devil take the hindmost. 【答案】人不为己，天诛地灭(各人为自己，魔鬼捉到最后的。
)
二、试译下列各句，注意运用汉语熟语翻译斜体部分
1. And then I fell asleep and only woke at broad day. 【答案】随后，我又睡着了，直到日高三丈才醒来。
2. His body was perfect, alive with easy suppleness and health and strength.
【答案】他的身体十全十美，肌肉柔软，强健有力，显得生气勃勃。
3. In a dangerous and uncertain world, the strengthening of national defence is the best guarantee of a nation’s vital interests.
【答案】在危机四伏，动荡不安的世界里，巩固国防是一个国家的根本利益的最好保证。
4. Yet there was no hint as to who had irresponsibly started his fiction in the first place. Or why.
【答案】但首先，究竟是谁信口开河、凭空捏造的呢？又是怀着什么目的呢？
5. By comparison, the Great Wall in China is a mammoth presence.
【答案】相比之下，中国的长城真是个庞然大物。
三、试用汉语同义熟语翻译下列idioms
1. to sho w one’s colours
【答案】原形毕露
2. to face the music
【答案】临危不惧
3. as mute as a fish
【答案】默不做声
4. to take French leave
【答案】不辞而别
5. tweedledee and tweedledum
【答案】半斤八两
6. to be at the end of one’s rope 【答案】山穷水尽
7. to look for a needle in a haystack 【答案】大海捞针
8. to put all one’s eggs in one basket 【答案】孤注一掷
9. to mind one’s P’s and Q’s
【答案】谨言慎行
10. to talk black into white
【答案】颠倒黑白
四、根据下列各句后括号内所给方法将下列各句译成汉语
1.A good dog deserves a good bone. (直译加解释法)
【答案】好狗应该得好骨头(有功者受奖)。
2.Ill workmen often blame their tools. (直译联想法)
【答案】拙工咎器(联想：驴不拉磨嫌套弯；不会撑船怪河弯)。
3.no smoke without fire(意译改造法)
【答案】无火不起烟(根据“无风不起浪”改造而来)。
4.He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl. (对联增字法) 【答案】近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
5.Like knows like. (等值互借法)
【答案】英雄识英雄。
五、翻译下列谚语
1. Many a good cow hath a bad calf.
【答案】好母牛难免产劣犊。
2. Like father, like son.
【答案】有其父必有其子。
3. No fire without smoke.
【答案】无风不起浪。
4. in for a penny, in for a pound (or: as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb) 【答案】一不做，二不休。
5. sit on the fence (or: swim between two waters)
【答案】脚踩两只船。
6. One may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.
【答案】只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
7. Give a dog a bad name and hang him.
【答案】人言可畏。
8. If you want a pretense to whip a dog, say that he ate the frying-pan. (or: He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find a stick. )
【答案】欲加之罪，何患无辞。
9. Love me, love my dog.
【答案】爱屋及乌。
10.One boy is a boy，two boys half a boy，three boys no boy.
【答案】一个和尚有水吃，两个和尚挑水吃，三个和尚没水吃。
六、从四、五、六节中找出下列汉语熟语的英译
1.十五个吊桶打水，七上八下。
【答案】fifteen buckets being hurriedly lowered into a well for water—eight going down while seven were coming up
2.擀面杖吹火—一窍不通。
【答案】to blow up a fire through a rolling pin. It just doesn’t work
3.外甥打灯笼，照舅(旧)。
【答案】not to change one bit…
4.竹篮打水一场空。
【答案】to draw water with a sieve
5.大牯牛的口水，太长。
【答案】the slobber of a buffalo—too long。
