14 Gothic novel

中国大学MOOC英国文学导读期末试卷考试答案1单选(1分)Written in 1837-38, ______ tells the story of an orphan boy who fell into the hands of thieves after getting out of the workhouse, and whose adventures provide material for a description of the lower depths of London. 得分/总分A.A Tale of Two CitiesB.Oliver TwistC.David CopperfieldD.Little Dorrit正确答案：B你没选择任何选项2单选(1分)“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” This is the beginning of the novel _____________.得分/总分 A. MiddlemarchB.Sense and SensibilityC.Pride and PrejudiceD.Jane Eyre正确答案：C你没选择任何选项3单选(1分)________ is about a young Swiss student who discovers the secret of animating lifeless matter and, by assembling body parts, creates a monster who vows revenge on his creator after being rejected from society.得分/总分A.The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingB.PamelaC.Vanity FairD.Frankenstein正确答案：D你没选择任何选项4单选(1分)In English poetry, a four-line stanza is called ________________.得分/总分A.terza rimaB.quatrainC.heroic coupletD.Spenserian stanza正确答案：B你没选择任何选项5单选(1分)Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that ___________.得分/总分A.the former is an intellectual movement, the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivationB.the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC.the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression on an individual’s feeling s and experiencesD.the former advocates the “return to nature” whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its models 正确答案：C你没选择任何选项6单选(1分)Romantic writers employ all the following EXCEPT _________ as their poetic materials.得分/总分A.the commonplaceB.the abstractC.the simpleD.the natural正确答案：B你没选择任何选项7单选(1分)________ believes that man’s fate is predetermined tragic, driven by a combined force of “nature,” both inside and outside.得分/总分A.Charles DickensB.George Bernard ShawC.T. S. EliotD.Thomas Hardy正确答案：D你没选择任何选项8单选(1分)G. B. Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a realistic exposure of the ___ in the English society.得分/总分A.inequality between men and womenB.economic exploitation of womenC.slum landlordismD.political corruption正确答案：B你没选择任何选项9单选(1分)We can perhaps describe the west wind in Shelley’s poem “Ode to the West Wind” with all the following terms EXCEPT __________.得分/总分A.wildB.tamedC.proudD.swift正确答案：B你没选择任何选项10单选(1分)_________ is the first important governess novel in the English literary history famous for the protagonist’s lines such as “I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh: it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal-as we are!”得分/总分A.Jane EyreB.EmmaC.MiddlemarchD.Wuthering Heights正确答案：A你没选择任何选项11单选(1分)___________ by Wordsworth describe the rare elusive beauty of a young country girl living a simple life in a remote village far from the civilized world.得分/总分A.“Lucy poems”B.“My heart leaps up”C.“I wandered lonely as a cloud”D.“Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey”正确答案：A你没选择任何选项12单选(1分)William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ________.得分/总分A. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterB.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC.the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleD.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech正确答案：D你没选择任何选项13单选(1分)Gothic novels are mostly stories of _________, which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles.得分/总分A.mystery and horrorB.love and marriageC.sea adventuresD.saints and martyrs正确答案：A你没选择任何选项14单选(1分)You may have met the term “Yahoo” on the Internet, but you may also have met it in English literature. It is found in _______. 得分/总分A.Henry Fielding’s Tom JonesB.Samuel Richardson’s PamelaC.John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s ProgressD.Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels正确答案：D你没选择任何选项15单选(1分)_________ is said to be written in a dream after the poet took opium and fell asleep.得分/总分A.“Christabel”B.“Ode to Nightingale”C.“The Rime of Ancient Mariner”D.“Kubla Khan”正确答案：D你没选择任何选项16单选(1分)In Paradise Lost, Raphael warned Adam ______.得分/总分A.not to speak to SerpentB.not to speak to EveC.not to eat the fruit on the tree of knowledgeD.not to follow Satan正确答案：C你没选择任何选项17单选(1分)______ marks the appearance of modern novels.得分/总分A.PamelaB.Gulliver’s TravelsC.Robinson CrusoeD.Tom Jones正确答案：C你没选择任何选项18单选(1分)“Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is the most famous line of the poem ______.得分/总分A.“Ode on a Grecian Urn”B.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”C.“Ode to the West Wind”D.“Kubla Khan”正确答案：A你没选择任何选项19单选(1分)“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way…” This is the beginning of _______.得分/总分A.David CopperfieldB.Oliver TwistC.Hard TimesD.A Tale of Two Cities正确答案：D你没选择任何选项20单选(1分)Tess of the D’Urbervilles is considered to be a representative work of ______ which accepts the theory of “survival of the fittest” and believes in pessimistic determinism. 得分/总分A. romanticismB.realismC.naturalismD.modernism正确答案：C你没选择任何选项21判断(1分)Friday is a character from The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe.得分/总分A.B.正确答案：B你没选择任何选项22判断(1分)An Essay of Criticism is written by Alexander Pope.得分/总分A.B.正确答案：A你没选择任何选项23判断(1分)Vanity Fair is known as a novel "without heroes" and the heroines are Becky Sharp and Dorothea Brook. 得分/总分A.B.正确答案：B你没选择任何选项24判断(1分)Antonio and Bassanio are characters from Don Juan. 得分/总分A.B.正确答案：A你没选择任何选项25判断(1分)In Pride and Prejudice, Mrs. Bennet is so eager to marry her daughters to single young men with large fortunes because she does not have a male heir and the family property will be inherited byan outsider.得分/总分A.B.正确答案：B你没选择任何选项26判断(1分)Shylock is the merchant of Venice in Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice.得分/总分A.B.正确答案：A你没选择任何选项27判断(1分)Mrs. Dalloway details a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway in London.得分/总分A.B.正确答案：A你没选择任何选项28判断(1分)Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems which praise the beauty of nature and the innocence of the child. 得分/总分A.B.正确答案：B你没选择任何选项29判断(1分)“A Red, Red Rose” is one of Burns’ most popular songs in Scottish dialect which praises the natural beauty of roses. 得分/总分A.B.正确答案：B你没选择任何选项30判断(1分)Byron makes a great contribution to English literature byintroducing a new style of character, “Byronic Hero”.得分/总分A.B.正确答案：B你没选择任何选项31填空(2分)_______ is considered the first great English dramatist and the most important Elizabethan playwright before Shakespeare.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：Christopher Marlowe 或Marlowe32填空(2分)_____ was the last English novelist who embodied many of the dreams of a declining British Empire and the first English writer who was awarded the Noble Prize for Literature.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：Rudyard Kipling 或Kipling 或Joseph Rudyard Kipling33填空(2分)In the Victorian period, the ________ (literary genre) became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：novel34填空(2分)Renaissance in British literary history is the age of ________ and the age of drama.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：sonnet 或sonnets35填空(2分)________ has been regarded as the greatest dramatist in the early 20th century in British literary history and his plays are important problem plays.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：G. B. Shaw 或George Bernard Shaw 或Bernard Shaw 或Shaw36填空(2分)__________ is called the Father of the English Novel because he used third-person narration which contributes to the progress of novel writing.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：Henry Fielding 或Fielding37填空(2分)R obert Browning’s reputation mainly rests on his development and his masterly creation of the “___________ monologue,” a poetic form used by a lot of poets.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：dramatic38填空(2分)According to the subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about common people and poems about ______.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：nature39填空(2分)__________, which is 433 lines long written by T. S. Eliot, is broadly acknowledged as one of the most recognizable landmarks of the manifesto of modernist poetry in the 20th century.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：The Waste Land 或Waste Land40填空(2分)English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of __________.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：Lyrical Ballads 或The Lyrical Ballads41填空(2分)Alexander Pope is called the advocator of ________, a great verse satirist, and the high priest of the Age of Reason.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：Neoclassicism 或neoclassicism42填空(2分)________ foot is foot in which an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：Iambic 或iambic43填空(2分)The two key figures who made the __________ novel known to the world are Virginia Woolf and James Joyce.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：stream-of-consciousness 或stream of consciousness44填空(2分)George Eliot’s most famous novels is ______, w hich is about the lives of Dorothea Brooke and Tertius Lydgate in a provincial town in 19th century. 得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：Middlemarch45填空(2分)Alfred Tennyson succeeded Wordsworth as the __________ in 1850, appointed by Queen Victoria and served 42 years.得分/总分你没有填写答案正确答案：Poet Laureate 或poet laureate。

1. Gothic novelGothic elements include horror, mystery, supernatural phenomenon, misfortune, death, haunted houses, and family curses. Gothic novel could be seen as a description of a fallen world. We experience this fallen world through all aspects of the novel: plot, setting, characterization, and theme. The Gothic novel is a liberating phenomenon, which expands the range of possibilities for novelistic expression.2. Iceberg TheoryErnest Hemingway’s “iceberg theory” suggests that the writer include in the text only a small portion of what he knows, leaving about ninety percent of the content a mystery that grows beneath the surface of the writing. If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action.3. the Lost GenerationA term first used by Gertrude Stein to describe the post-World War I generation brought about by the destructiveness of the war, who were disillusioned and frustrated with the war and were spiritually bitter and aimless in life. There were many literary artists involved in the groups known as the Lost Generation. The best known are F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway.4. Stream of ConsciousnessStream of consciousness: “Stream-of-Consciousness” or “interior monologue”, is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them.5 New England TranscendentalismNew England Transcendentalism is the most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period. major features of New England Transcendentalism ▪Firstly, the transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the over soul, as the most important thing in the Universe.▪Secondly, they stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual was the most important element of society.▪Thirdly, they offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.6. satireSatire: A kind of writing that holds up to ridicule or contempt the weaknesses and wrongdoings of individuals, groups, institutions, or humanity in general. The aim of satirists is to set a moral standard for society, and they attempt to persuade the reader to see their point of view through the force of laughter. (Mark Twain and Jonathan Swift are master satirists)7. Irony: A contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. Three kinds of irony are (1) verbal irony, in which a writer or speaker says one thing and means something entirely different; (2) dramatic irony, in which a reader or an audience perceives something that a character in the story or play does not know; (3) irony of situation, in which the writer shows a discrepancy between the expected results of some action or situation and its actual results.。

英美文学名词解释Z英美文学名词解释1. Epic(史诗)Epic, in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actions of goods and heroes.2>Epic poems are not merely entertaining stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history.3>Beowulf is the greatest national Epic of the Anglo-Saxons.Epic:Epic is a narrative poem on the grand scale and in majestic style concerning the exploits and adventures of a superhuman hero (or heroes) engaged in a quest or some serious endeavor. Among noted epics are Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, old English Beowulf and Milton’s Paradise Lost.史诗：讲述英雄事迹并反映出这些英雄事迹的社会价值观的长篇叙事诗。

在成为之前，很多史诗都来自于口头传统并通过歌唱和背诵流传。

2. Allegory（寓言）: The word derives from the Greek allegoria. It loosely describes any writing in verse or prose, in which persons, abstract ideas, or events represent not only themselves on literal level, but also stand for something else on the symbolic level. An allegorical reading usually involves moral or spiritual concepts that may be more significant than the actual, literal events described in a narrative. Probably the most famous allegory in English literature is Joh n Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, a prose narrative symbolically concerning the human soul’s pilgrimage through temptation and doubt to reach salvation.3. Sonnet(十四行诗)A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully patterned rhyme scheme.It is a lyric poem of 14 lines with a formal or recited and characterized by its presentation of a dramatic or exciting episode in simple narrative form.2>it is one of the most conventional and influential forms of poetry in Europe.3>S hakespeare’s so nnets are well-known. The famous poets are Shakespeare, Sidney, Daniel, Spenser and so on.4. Humanism(人文主义)Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.In Greek and Roman civilization, man is the measure of all things. Contrary to the medieval philosophy, the humanists believed that it was justified to praise human nature and that human beings are glorious creatures capable of development in the direction of perfection. The world was theirs not to dislike but to question, explore and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the value of human beings and the important of the present life, the emphasized that man not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but have the ability to perfect themselves and create wonders.5. The angel in the house（屋中天使）The Angel in the House is a narrative poem by Coventry Patmore, first published in 1854 and expanded until 1862. Although largely ignored upon publication, it becameenormously popular during the later 19th century and its influence continued well into the twentieth. The poem was an idealized account of Patmore's courtship of his first wife, Emily, whom he believed to be the perfect woman. Angel in the house are usually immensely sympathetic, immensely charming, utterly unselfish.6. Byronic Hero(拜伦式英雄)Byronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2> with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt and evil society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflict is usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and convention. Such a hero appears first in Childe Harold’s pilgrimage and then further developed in later works such as Manfred and Don Juan.3> Byron’s chief contribution to English literature is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”The Byronic hero is an idealized but flawed character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron, characterized by his ex-lover Lady Caroline Lamb as being "mad, bad, and dangerous to know".[1] The Byronic hero first appears in Byron's semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812-18).7. Gothic novel(哥特式小说)Gothic novel is a type of romance very popular late in the 18th century and at the beginning of the 19th century.2> Gothic novel emphasizes things which are grotesque, violent, mysterious, supernatural, desolate and horrifying.3> Gothic,originall y in the sense of “medi, not classical”. With its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human nature, Gothic novel has exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period.Gothic Fiction: Gothic Fiction means a style of writing popular in the late 18th century which produced stories set in lonely frightening places. Gothic Fiction invariably exploits ghosts and monsters and setting such as castles, dungeons and graveyards, which imparts a suitably sinister and terrifying atmosphere. The Gothic Fiction have opened up to later fictions the dark, irrational side of human nature —the savage egoism, the perverse impulses, and the nightmarish terror that lie beneath the controlled and ordered surface of the conscious mind. Gothic Fiction has exerted significant influence on the literature of later generations. The first Gothic Fiction is Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto.8. Naturalism(自然主义)Naturalism is a literary movement related to and sometimes described as an extreme form of realism but which may be more appropriately considered as a parallel to philosophic Naturalism.2) as a more deliberate kind of realism Naturalism usually involves a view of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment. In Naturalism a more documentary-like approach is in evidence, with a great stress on how environment and heredity shape people. 3) As a literary movement, Naturalism was initiated in France. 4) Naturalist fiction aspired to a sociological objectivity, offering detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored concerns of modern society. One of those significant works of naturalism is Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie.9. The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)The Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life. Past and present, with death and graveyard as themes.2>Thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and hisElegy written in a country churchyard is its most representative work.10. Metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人）It is the name given to a diverse group of 17th century English poets whose work is notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange paradoxes and far-fetched imagery. The leading Metaphysical poet was John Donne, whose colloquial, argumentative abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of Elizabethan love lyrics.Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life.Metaphysical poetry: The poetry of John Donne and other 17th century poets who wrote in a similar style. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure; irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. 玄学诗：约翰?多恩的诗或17世纪其他诗人写的相同风格的诗。

哥特文学的现实影响研究哥特文学,属于英语文学派别，是十八世纪末出现的一种另类文学模式。

基本的哥特文学要素包括恐怖,神秘，超自然，厄运，死亡，颓废,住着幽灵的老房子，癫狂，家族诅咒等.哥特式文学流派产生了一大批优秀的作家作品,拥有众多读者，并对后世的文学创作产生了巨大的影响。

本研究将从哥特文学的起源、哥特文学的发展轨迹、哥特文学与中国文化和哥特文学的主题意识对现实社会的影响等方面进行深入探讨,希望有更多的人能够认识哥特文学，理解哥特文学中所蕴含的深刻的现实意义。

一、哥特文学的起源1764年英国作家霍勒斯？沃波尔（Horace Walpole)的《奥特朗托堡》（The Castle of Otranto)在伦敦的匿名出版宣告了西方第一部哥特式小说的诞生。

当年霍勒斯？沃波尔在《奥特兰托城堡》的副标题中加上“哥特式”一词。

从此以后这一融合有“古代传奇”与“现代传奇”色彩的新型文学形式逐渐流传开来。

自此,哥特文学不仅作为一种小说体裁在英国顺理成章地确定了自己的地位，而且深深地影响了其他一些国家的文学创作.从文学史上来看,哥特文学的重要源头之一是英国文艺复兴时期的戏剧。

这一时期英国的戏剧深受古罗马剧作家塞内加的影响,戏剧创作中充满了复仇、阴谋、暴力、凶杀、鬼魂出没等情节，惊险刺激。

特别是莎士比亚的剧作和詹姆斯一世时期的悲剧，对哥特小说的出现与发展更是产生了极其重大的影响。

二、哥特文学的发展轨迹18世纪是一段在历史上被称为启蒙时代的岁月。

在这一时期，人们的观念从保守怀旧开始逐步向注重个人发展方向转变;妇女的行为在受到严格规范的同时，开始有机会阅读与创作；在理性为主导的前提下,感性审美趣味开始堂皇登场……在这样充满矛盾与对立的社会背景下，哥特文学以一种既反映矛盾又充满矛盾的姿态登上了文学史的舞台。

文艺复兴运动使人文主义得到空前发展,宗教改革运动与人文主义结盟终得以摧毁罗马天主教的一统天下,然而人文主义的大发展却反过来沉重打击了教会势力，并且使以上帝为中心的传统的基督教意识形态处于解体之中.到了十八世纪，欧洲进入理性时代,启蒙运动思想家们热情讴歌、极力弘扬人的理性，却忽视并压抑情感、想象、直觉,否认神秘和超自然现象.在这样的情势下,哥特文学就作为一种挑战理性主义和新古典主义的尖锐武器应时而生。

2014英国文学复习大纲英国文学复习古英语与中国英语文学时期1. how to define the period of Old English Literature?(450-1066)3. What is the plot and theme of England’s national epic Beowulf?4. what is epic5. how to define the period of Medieval English Literature(1066-15th century)11. why is Chaucer regarded as the father of English poetry12. what is heroic couplet15. what is popular ballad?文艺复兴时期(14th century to the mid-17th century)1.what is renaissance2.how to define humanism3.what are the main characteristics of humanist writings6.what is sonnet15.what is the theme of The Merchant of Venice31.what is the content of Milton’s Paradise Lost新古典主义时期(1660-1798)1.what period is called the neoclassical period2.what is the enlightenment movement3.what are the standards of literature during the neoclassical period7.what are the basic viewpoints of enlighteners8.what is neoclassical literature11.who are the main writers during the neoclassical period12.what is epistolary novel13.what is Gothic novel15.what is sentimentalism (the middle of the 18th century)25.what are the major works of Defoe27.what is the main idea of Robinson Crusoe29.what is the plot of Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels31.why is Henry Fielding regarded as father of the English novel33.what are the features of Feilding’s novels44.what is the age of sensibility (the middle of the 18th century)浪漫主义时期(1798-1832)1.when did English romanticism begin and end4.what is the basic feature of thoughts among the romantics5.what do you know about the representative writers and their major works6.what’s the difference between blake’s songs of innocence and songs of experience7.what are lake poets8.why is wordsworth regarded as a worshipper of nature12.what does the sentences all good poetry…15.what is Byronic hero22.when we read ode to the west wind…23.how do you interpret the theme of the poem27.what is the theme of pride and prejudice维多利亚时期(1836-1901)1.what is the Victorian period in English history4.why was England called workshop of the world5.what is critical realism6.what are the main characteristics of the English critical realism13.what is unique in framing the woman image in Jane Eyre15.what is the theme of wuthering heights25.what is the main theme and social significance现代主义时期(the end of 19th century to the end of World War II)1.what is modernism2.what is the basic philosophy of modernism5.what are the characteristics of the British modernist literature22.what are the features and social significance of D. H. Lawrence’s writings24.what is the brief outline of lawrence’s sons and lovers40.who is Doris LessingElizabeth I: 1558-1603在位45年George III: 1760-1820在位60年Queen Victoria: 1837-1901在位64年。

英美文学选读自考题模拟17(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.The belief of the eighteenth-century neoclassicists in England led them to seek the following EXCEPT ______.（分数：1.00）A.proportionB.graceC.harmonyD.spirit √解析：[解析] 本题主要考查的知识点为新古典主义时期作家们的创作追求。

新古典主义者们对文学作品的观点使该时期的作家在创作时寻求表达与措辞上的协调、统一、和谐与典雅。

2."Graveyard School" writers are the following sentimentalists of ______.（分数：1.00）A.James Thomson and William Collins √B.William Collins and William BlakeC.Robert Burns and James ThomsonD.Thomas Jackson and James Thomson解析：[解析] 本题主要考查的知识点为古墓派诗人的成员。

感伤派诗人，或曰“古墓派诗人”有詹姆斯·汤姆森、威廉·考林斯和威廉·柯柏等。

3.The most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English is Samson Agonistes by ______.（分数：1.00）A.John Milton √B.William BlakeC.Henry FieldingD.William Wordsworth解析：[解析] 本题主要考查的知识点为《力士参孙》的作者。

哥特的土壤《奥赛罗》的重写——查尔斯·布鲁克登·布朗《威兰》的创作论研究王晓姝（哈尔滨工程大学外语系，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001；吉林大学文学院，吉林长春130012）摘要：1798年，美国本土作家查尔斯·布鲁克登·布朗的《威兰》拉开了美国哥特小说的序幕，并由此奠定了美国文学中的哥特传统。

本文旨在追溯《威兰》的创作之源以阐明美国哥特小说产生的社会历史原因。

本文将从三个方面展开——哥特的土壤、历史上的真实、《奥赛罗》的重写，以期为《威兰》这朵哥特奇葩的创作找到合理的阐释。

关键词：美国哥特；《威兰》；《奥赛罗》Abstract: The year 1798 saw the publication of Charles Brockden Brown’s Wieland, the first American gothic novel and a groundwork of gothic tradition in American literature. This paper aims to trace the origins of Brown’s Wieland from three perspectives, namely, the Gothic Soil, a Historic Event, and the Rewriting of Shakespeare’s Othello ,in order to identify the historical and social causes of its birth and to justify its great significance in the history of world literature.Key words: American gothic; Wieland; Othello中图分类号：I106 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-6101（2009）04-0089-11美国哥特小说与美利坚合众国几乎诞生于同一时期，1776年《美国独立宣言》的签署标志着美利坚合众国的诞生。