大学英语语法12——状语从句

英语状语从句要点归纳英语状语从句要点归纳一、概念修饰主句中的谓语动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。

状语从句的语序应是主语+谓语+其他成分，即陈述句的语序。

状语从句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，若放在主句前面，要用逗号与主句分开；主句若是疑问句，那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。

二、类型1. 时间状语从句时间状语从句由when, while, after, before, since, as soon as, till, until等连词引导。

如：I went to bed after the TV play was over. 电视剧完了以后我上床睡觉。

Could you look after her while we're away? 我们不在时你能照顾她吗？Wait until I come back. 请你等到我回来。

She has taught in this school since she came to this city in 1989.自从一九八九年她来到这座城市以来一直在这所学校教书。

【注意】如主句是一般将来时，则表示将来的时间状语只用一般现在时（即“主将从现”原则）。

如：I'll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就将写信给你。

It will get warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来临时，天气将变得越来越暖和。

2. 原因状语从句原因状语从句由because, as, since等连词引导。

如：He sold the car because it was too small. 他卖掉那辆小汽车，因为它太小了。

Since you won't help me, I must do the job myself. 你既然不帮我忙，我必须自己做这项工作。

4) 原因状语从句 常用的关连词有：because因为, as由于, for 由 于, since既然，由于, now that 既然，由于, not that … but that 不是因为 …… 而是因 为……，等。 例如： 他今天不能去讲课了，因为他患了重感冒。
我或许无法参加你的婚礼了，不是我不想去而是近来有些 事情缠着我无法脱身。 由于大家都知道这件事，我就不在这件事上多花时间了。
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
倒装
Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .
He didn’t go to sleep until 12 last night . 他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。 They didn’t realize their fault utill we pointed it out to them . 直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。 Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it . 直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
• He can’t deliver his lectures today because he has got a bad cold .他今天不能去讲课了，因为他患了重感冒。 • I may not be able to attend your wedding party not because I’m not willing to but because I’ve been caught by something recently .我或许无法参加你的婚礼了，不 是我不想去而是近来有些事情缠着我无法脱身。 • I won’t dwelt too much time on this matter as it is known to everybody .由于大家都知道这件事，我就不在这件事 上多花时间了。 • Since you are busy enough we won’t trouble you any more .既然你们忙得够呛，我们就不再麻烦你们了。

【例11】 A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the
story.
A．until B．unless C．when D．after
答案 A
注：not...until可用于强调句或倒装句中。 如：I didn't know it until he came back.→ ①It was not until he came back that I knew it.[强调句] ②Not until he came back did I know it.[倒装句]
【例1】 ________ the days went on，the weather got worse. A．With B．Since C．While D．As 答案 D 【例2】 ________ you are at home alone，please don't leave the door open. A．Until B．While C．Before D．As 答案 B
到齐了，现在开始。
结果状语 so that, so...that,
从句
such...that
He was so excited that he jumped from the sofa. 他如此激动以至于他从沙发上跳了下来。
续表
状语从句 目的状语 从句
让步状语 从句
比较状语 从句
方式状语 从句
引导词
her.
A．first time
B．for the first time
C．the first time

从句(Clause)
If two numbers are to be added, it does not matter in which order they are added. 若要把两个数加起来，那么按哪种顺序相加是没有关系的。(需要注意的是，连接代词which并没有位于主语从句句首， 因为它在从句中作介词in的介词宾语和order的定语。而且，不要把由which引导的主语从句误认为是介词宾语从句。) It follows from Maxwell’s hypothesis that whenever there netic field is produced. 由麦克斯韦假设可知，每当电场发生变化时就产生磁场。 (it follows that … 意为“由此得知……；因此”。) It happened that she was out when he called.( = She happened to be out when … ) 他打电话时，她恰巧不在家。(It happens that可译成“碰巧，恰巧；发生”。)
从句(Clause)
3) 表语从句 主要位于系动词be之后的表语从句最为常见，当然，也可用seem, sound等。例如： The present conception of the general structure of the atom is that it consists of a kind of solar system. 现在对 原子的一般结构的看法是：它是由一种太阳系构成的。 All indications are that the need for skilled people in the field of electronics will grow in this new decade. 所有 的迹象表明，在这新的十年中对电子学领域熟练人员的需求量将会增长。 That is how a computer works. 这就是计算机的工作原理。 (本句中的that应译为“这”；how从句一般可译成“……的原理，……是如何……”) Predictions are that electronics will continue to grow at a rapid rate for some time to come. 预测表明，在未来 一段时期内电子学将会继续高速发展。 (That is why … 要译成“这就是……的理由；这就是为什么……；因此……”。) My plan is that we will finish the project by the end of the year. 我的计划是我们年底结束这个项目。 The conclusion of the discussion is that the proposal cannot be accepted. 讨论的结果是这个提议不能被接受。 在个别情况下，状语从句也可充当表语从句(特别是句型this is because … )。如： This is because you has been absent all the term. 这是因为你整个一学期缺勤的缘故。